专题20 虚拟语气（复习讲义）（广东小高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题20 虚拟语气 目录 考情分析与命题趋势.......................................................................................................1 知识体系构建...................................................................................................................2 考点精析与突破...............................................................................................................2 考点一：条件句中的虚拟语气（常考点）...................................................................2 考点二：名词性从句中的虚拟语气（重点）...............................................................6 考点三：特殊句型中的虚拟语气（重点）...................................................................8 实战精练与提升...............................................................................................................11 一、考试要求 根据《普通高中英语课程标准》对虚拟语气的考查主要要求考生能够在阅读和听力语篇中，准确理解虚拟语气所表达的假设、愿望、建议、遗憾等深层含义。在语法填空和书面表达中，根据语境正确运用虚拟语气的不同形式结构。高考对虚拟语气的考查正变得越来越灵活和深入。它不再是一个只需死记硬背的语法点，而是一个需要考生在真实语境中理解、判断和运用的综合能力。准确把握其“语境化、综合化、应用化” 的命题趋势。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 条件句中的虚拟语气 5年4考 条件句中的虚拟语气在语境化的理解 预测2026年在听力、阅读和写作中考查 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 5年3考 名词性从句中的虚拟语气在语境化的理解 预测2026年在听力、阅读和写作中考查 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 5年2考 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 在语境化的理解 预测2026年在听力、阅读和写作中考查 （一）If条件句虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 倒装虚拟：如果if从句中含有were, had, should，可以省略if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成倒装。 混合虚拟：主句和从句的动作发生时间不一致。 含蓄虚拟：不用if从句，而用介词短语、副词或上下文来表示虚拟条件。 （二）名词性从句虚拟语气 核心结构：(should) + 动词原形 （should 可省略） 标志词 动词：suggest, insist, order, command, advise, propose, recommend, demand, require, request, desire 名词：suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, demand, requirement (后的表语从句或同位语从句) 形容词：important, necessary, natural, imperative, essential, strange, vital (在 It is + adj. + that... 主语从句中) （三）特殊句型虚拟语气 1. Wish 与 If Only 的用法完全一致 2. It is (high/about) time that... 3. would rather (that)... If条件句虚拟语气考点精析与突破 If条件句虚拟语气主要用来谈论与事实相反的假设或实现可能性极小的情况。其核心在于主句和从句的谓语动词形式必须遵循严格的对应关系。 考点一：三种基本时间结构的构成与判断 与现在事实相反 If 从句谓语形式用动词过去式 (be动词常用were) 主句谓语形式用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 If 从句谓语形式用had + 过去分词 主句谓语形式用would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反 If 从句谓语形式用 ① should + 动词原形 ② 动词过去式 ③ were to + 动词原形 主句谓语形式用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 例题 If I ______ (be) you, I would consider studying abroad after graduation. 答案：were 详解：本题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟。“If I were you”是固定句式，表示“如果我是你（但我不是你）”，从句谓语用were。主句“would consider”是现在虚拟的标志。 变式题1 If he ______ (take) the doctor's advice, he would be fully recovered now. 变式题2 If it ______ (snow) next Monday, our flight would be canceled. 考点二：省略if的倒装结构 为了强调或使语言更正式，可以将if从句中的 were, had, should 提前至句首，并省略if。这是必考考点。 如果if从句中含有were, had, should，则可以省略if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成部分倒装。 例题 ______ earlier, you would have caught the train. (Arrive) 答案：Had you arrived 详解：原句是 If you had arrived earlier, ...。因为从句有 had，故可省略if，将had提前，变成 Had you arrived earlier...。 变式题1 ______ in your position, I would do things differently. 变式题2 ______ any change to the plan, please notify me immediately. 考点三：含蓄虚拟条件句 句子中没有出现if引导的条件句，而是通过介词短语、副词、上下文等方式来暗示虚拟条件。 常见标志： 介词短语：without..., but for... (要不是...), with... (如果有...) 副词/连词：otherwise (否则), or (否则) 上下文：通过句子逻辑关系暗示。 例题 ______ your guidance, I couldn't have achieved this much success. 答案：Without 详解：Without your guidance = If I hadn't had your guidance。介词短语 without 引导了一个与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟条件。 变式题1 I was very busy last week; otherwise, I ______ (come) to your party. 变式题2 But for the sudden rain, we ______ (have) a wonderful picnic yesterday. 考点四：混合虚拟条件句 主句和从句所涉及的时间不一致（如一个对过去假设，一个对现在或将来假设）。这时，主句和从句需要根据各自的时间分别使用对应的动词形式。 例题 If you ______ (receive) the training last month, you ______ (know) how to operate the machine now. 答案：had received, would know 详解：从句“上个月接受培训”是对过去的假设，用 had received；主句“现在就知道”是对现在结果的假设，用 would know。 变式题1 If he ______ (not waste) so much time playing games in the past few years, he ______ (be) a college student today. 变式题2 She ______ (be) dead if the neighbors ______ (not call) the police immediately that night. 名词性从句虚拟语气考点精析与突破 在表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等主观意向的动词、名词、形容词之后的名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）中，应使用虚拟语气。 核心结构：(should) + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略。这是此类虚拟语气最根本的形式。 考点一：动词后的宾语从句 这是最常考的题型。当句子谓语是某些表示“建议、命令、要求”等的动词时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 关键词： 一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建议：suggest, advise, propose, recommend 四要求：ask, demand, require, request, desire 例题 The doctor recommended that he ______ (avoid) strenuous exercise for a month. 答案：(should) avoid 详解：主句谓语动词 recommended（建议）是标志词之一，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。 变式题1 The general commanded that all the soldiers ______ (be) ready before dawn. 变式题2 He insisted that she ______ (not leave) the company. 易错点突破 insist：当意为“坚持要求”时，用虚拟；当意为“坚持认为”时，用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was innocent.（坚持认为，陈述事实） He insisted that I (should) pay at once.（坚持要求，虚拟） suggest：当意为“建议”时，用虚拟；当意为“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气。 His pale face suggested that he was ill.（表明，陈述事实） I suggested that we (should) start early.（建议，虚拟） 考点二：名词后的表语从句和同位语从句 当句子主语或中心词是某些表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气。 关键词： advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation（建议） order, command（命令） demand, requirement, request, desire（要求） plan, idea（计划/想法） 例题 His suggestion is that we ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem. 答案：(should) hold 详解：主句主语 suggestion（建议）是标志词，其后的表语从句应使用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形。 变式题1 What do you think of the idea that we ______ (go) camping this weekend? 变式题2 The manager gave the order that the task ______ (complete) by the end of this week. 考点三：It is + 形容词 + that... 主语从句 在 It is + 形容词 + that... 句型中，当形容词表示“必要、重要、紧迫”等含义时，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气。 关键词： necessary, important, essential, vital, imperative natural, strange desirable, better 例题 It is essential that every applicant ______ (fill) out the form completely. 变式题1 It is necessary that he ______ (return) the books to the library on time. 变式题2 It is strange that she ______ (refuse) such a good offer. 特殊句型虚拟语气考点精析与突破 特殊句型虚拟语气主要用来表示愿望、建议、遗憾等情绪，其动词形式有固定的模式。 考点一：Wish 与 If Only 引导的从句 表示一种难以实现或与事实相反的愿望，翻译为“但愿…”、“要是…就好了”。If only 的语气比 wish 更强烈。 对现在/将来的愿望：从句谓语用过去式（be动词常用 were）。 对过去的愿望：从句谓语用 had + 过去分词 或 could have + 过去分词。 例题 I wish I ______ (can speak) French fluently. 答案：could speak 详解：表示对现在情况的愿望（我现在法语不流利）。“can”的过去式是“could”，后面接动词原形“speak”。 变式题1 If only he ______ (be) here now to see this. 变式题2 She wishes she ______ (not spend) so much money on clothes last month. 考点二：It is (high/about) time that... 表示“早该做某事了（但到现在还没做）”，带有一种催促或建议的语气。 that从句的谓语动词用过去式 或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省略）。在高考中，用过去式更为常见和优先。 例题 It’s high time that you ______ (make) up your own mind. 答案：made / should make 详解：It‘s high time that 后接从句，表示“你早该自己做决定了”。谓语动词优先用过去式 made，也可用 should make。 变式题1 Don’t you think it‘s about time we ______ (go) home? 变式题2 It is time that the children ______ (go) to bed. 考点三：Would rather 后的宾语从句 表示“宁愿某人做某事”，从句内容通常与事实相反。 与现在或将来事实相反：从句谓语用过去式。 与过去事实相反：从句谓语用 had + 过去分词。 例题 I would rather you ______ (tell) me the truth right now. 答案：told 详解：时间状语“right now”表明这是对现在或将来的愿望。“我宁愿你现在告诉我”，隐含的事实是“你现在没有告诉我”。故从句谓语用过去式 told。 变式题1 I’d rather you ______ (not mention) this to anyone else in the future. 变式题2 I would rather you ______ (not tell) him the news yesterday. Now he is so upset. 考点四：As if / As though 引导的方式状语从句 表示“好像，仿佛”。当从句描述的情况是不真实的或可能性极小的时，需用虚拟语气。 与现在事实相反：从句谓语用过去式（be动词用 were）。 与过去事实相反：从句谓语用 had + 过去分词。 例题 He talks about Rome as if he ______ (be) there himself. 答案：had been 详解：根据语境，他本人过去并没有真正去过罗马，只是在“夸夸其谈”。所以这是对过去情况的虚拟，从句谓语用 had been。 变式题1 She is treating me as though I ______ (be) a stranger. 变式题2 The machine is making a loud noise as if it ______ (break) down. 一、单句语法填空 1．If I (be) a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2．If he had come here yesterday, he (see) his old friend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．If I (take) your advice, I could have passed the driving test. 4．I would rather I (follow) your advice yesterday. 5．The firefighters failed to save the dog’s owner because if they (walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too. 6． she my daughter, I wouldn't allow her to study abroad. 7．If it / / (rain) tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 8．She might have lost the opportunity if her mother on her going. (not insist) 9．With the moderate measures, we (build) a harmonious society in the future. 10．If it (rain) tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the grocery store. 11． he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. 12．If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he (be) able to speak it much better now. 13．Had you listened to the doctor, you (be) all right now. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．But for your timely help, we (lose) the match yesterday. 15．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything (float) off otherwise. 16．It is appropriate that some time (devote) to thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission. 17．It is essential that the diet (vary) and balanced. 18．It is essential that these application forms (send) back as early as possible. 19．He insisted that he was right and that his plan (carry) out at once. 20．He also insisted that they (leave) enough space for children. 21．It is most urgent that Tom (help)the doctor operate. 22．He is right, but I can’t help wishing they keep those old ferries. 23．He is right, but I can't help wishing they (keep) those old ferries. 24．It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker (speak) longer.” 25．We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice. 26．My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s education. 27．—We will have a meeting tomorrow.    —I would rather we (hold) the meeting today than tomorrow. 28．Mary insisted that she (be) right but her mother insisted that she (say)sorry to Annie. 29．The official demanded that foods and other supplies (send) to the disaster area immediately. 30．Experts suggest that young parents (spend) some time communicating with their children instead of playing with their phones. 31．My suggestion is that the problem (discuss) at the meeting as soon as possible. 32．My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life (encourage) to finance the project with their deeper love for these children. 33．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken. 34．His suggestion is that we (go) to watch the football match. 35．My demand is that the information referred to in my report (email) to Mr Brown without delay. 36．We are working the command of the manager that no expense (spare) to make the party a success. 37．He expressed a strong desire that measures (take) to stop pollution. 38．The teacher agreed to the suggestion that students (give) two weeks to prepare for the exam. 39．He has a desire that his books (reach) as many as possible. 40．One major recommendation at the meeting is that these traditional customs (preserve). 41．Sailors, even miles from the blasts, described feeling heat as if they (go) from the shade into the sun, and an intense flash of light even through dark goggles. 42．I felt he treated me as though I hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. 43．He throws his arms and legs out as if he (fly), his eyes wide with excitement. 44．David insisted on running as if he (forget) all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. 45．When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it (break). 46．He is smiling happily as if nothing   (happen). 47．It is time that we (take) measures to stop pollution. 48．Therefore, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to improve the current situation. 49．It’s time you (settle) your dispute with him. 50．The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we (reflect) on ourselves. 51．If only I ( know ) her name. 52．The film was boring. If only I (not, see) it last night! 53．He is involved in the trouble now. If only he (listen) to his parents! 54．If you (come), I would meet you. 55．Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise (rot) in fields. 56．（全国卷）—I stayed at a hotel while in New York. —Oh, did you? You (stay) with Barbara. 57．Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we could (manage) it without you. 58．I couldn’t （go）through that bitter period without your generous help. 59．If I ( live ) out of town at that time, I would have taken up gardening as a hobby. 60．If only Edward (remember) to finish his homework yesterday! 二、翻译 61．要是我看过那部电影就好了。 62．我是如此后悔，忍不住想，要是我考虑他们的建议就好了。 63．没有你的认可和指导，我不可能写这篇文章。 64．如果我当时没有误解他，现在一切就都不一样了！ 65．有必要派他去北京。(It’s necessary that...) 66．为了方便起见，我建议你先学习一下唐朝的知识。（不定式作目的状语） 67．所以我认为现在是你改掉这个坏习惯的时候了。对你来说，读一些有意义的书和做一些体育锻炼是个好主意。我期待着很快听到你的好消息。 68．看到标枪（javelin），我感觉它好像在鼓励我，并且说“你注定是冠军！”。 69．要求所有人，包括学生、老师和家长都参加。 70．要求所有的人，包括学生、老师和家长，都要参加。 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题20 虚拟语气 目录 考情分析与命题趋势.......................................................................................................1 知识体系构建...................................................................................................................2 考点精析与突破...............................................................................................................2 考点一：条件句中的虚拟语气（常考点）...................................................................2 考点二：名词性从句中的虚拟语气（重点）...............................................................6 考点三：特殊句型中的虚拟语气（重点）...................................................................8 实战精练与提升...............................................................................................................11 一、考试要求 根据《普通高中英语课程标准》对虚拟语气的考查主要要求考生能够在阅读和听力语篇中，准确理解虚拟语气所表达的假设、愿望、建议、遗憾等深层含义。在语法填空和书面表达中，根据语境正确运用虚拟语气的不同形式结构。高考对虚拟语气的考查正变得越来越灵活和深入。它不再是一个只需死记硬背的语法点，而是一个需要考生在真实语境中理解、判断和运用的综合能力。准确把握其“语境化、综合化、应用化” 的命题趋势。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 条件句中的虚拟语气 5年4考 条件句中的虚拟语气在语境化的理解 预测2026年在听力、阅读和写作中考查 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 5年3考 名词性从句中的虚拟语气在语境化的理解 预测2026年在听力、阅读和写作中考查 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 5年2考 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 在语境化的理解 预测2026年在听力、阅读和写作中考查 （一）If条件句虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 倒装虚拟：如果if从句中含有were, had, should，可以省略if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成倒装。 混合虚拟：主句和从句的动作发生时间不一致。 含蓄虚拟：不用if从句，而用介词短语、副词或上下文来表示虚拟条件。 （二）名词性从句虚拟语气 核心结构：(should) + 动词原形 （should 可省略） 标志词 动词：suggest, insist, order, command, advise, propose, recommend, demand, require, request, desire 名词：suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, demand, requirement (后的表语从句或同位语从句) 形容词：important, necessary, natural, imperative, essential, strange, vital (在 It is + adj. + that... 主语从句中) （三）特殊句型虚拟语气 1. Wish 与 If Only 的用法完全一致 2. It is (high/about) time that... 3. would rather (that)... If条件句虚拟语气考点精析与突破 If条件句虚拟语气主要用来谈论与事实相反的假设或实现可能性极小的情况。其核心在于主句和从句的谓语动词形式必须遵循严格的对应关系。 考点一：三种基本时间结构的构成与判断 与现在事实相反 If 从句谓语形式用动词过去式 (be动词常用were) 主句谓语形式用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 If 从句谓语形式用had + 过去分词 主句谓语形式用would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反 If 从句谓语形式用 ① should + 动词原形 ② 动词过去式 ③ were to + 动词原形 主句谓语形式用would/could/might/should + 动词原形 例题 If I ______ (be) you, I would consider studying abroad after graduation. 答案：were 详解：本题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟。“If I were you”是固定句式，表示“如果我是你（但我不是你）”，从句谓语用were。主句“would consider”是现在虚拟的标志。 变式题1 If he ______ (take) the doctor's advice, he would be fully recovered now. 答案：had taken 详解：本题是混合虚拟条件句。从句“他当时听医生的话”是对过去的假设，故用 had taken；主句“他现在就痊愈了”是对现在结果的假设，故用 would be。 变式题2 If it ______ (snow) next Monday, our flight would be canceled. 答案：should snow / were to snow / snowed 详解：本题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟。时间状语“next Monday”表明是对将来的假设，且实现可能性小。If从句的谓语可以用三种形式中的任意一种。 考点二：省略if的倒装结构 为了强调或使语言更正式，可以将if从句中的 were, had, should 提前至句首，并省略if。这是必考考点。 如果if从句中含有were, had, should，则可以省略if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成部分倒装。 例题 ______ earlier, you would have caught the train. (Arrive) 答案：Had you arrived 详解：原句是 If you had arrived earlier, ...。因为从句有 had，故可省略if，将had提前，变成 Had you arrived earlier...。 变式题1 ______ in your position, I would do things differently. 答案：Were I 详解：原句是 If I were in your position, ...。从句有 were，故省略if，将were提前，变成 Were I in your position...。 变式题2 ______ any change to the plan, please notify me immediately. 答案：Should there be 详解：原句是 If there should be any change...。这是对将来的虚拟，从句有 should，故省略if，将should提前，变成 Should there be...。此句型非常正式，常用于书面语。 考点三：含蓄虚拟条件句 句子中没有出现if引导的条件句，而是通过介词短语、副词、上下文等方式来暗示虚拟条件。 常见标志： 介词短语：without..., but for... (要不是...), with... (如果有...) 副词/连词：otherwise (否则), or (否则) 上下文：通过句子逻辑关系暗示。 例题 ______ your guidance, I couldn't have achieved this much success. 答案：Without 详解：Without your guidance = If I hadn't had your guidance。介词短语 without 引导了一个与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟条件。 变式题1 I was very busy last week; otherwise, I ______ (come) to your party. 答案：would have come 详解：otherwise 在这里暗示了一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件，相当于 If I hadn‘t been very busy last week。因此，主句应用 “would have come”。 变式题2 But for the sudden rain, we ______ (have) a wonderful picnic yesterday. 答案：would have had 详解：But for the sudden rain = If it hadn't been for the sudden rain。表示“要不是那场突如其来的雨”，是对过去的虚拟，所以主句用 would have had。 考点四：混合虚拟条件句 主句和从句所涉及的时间不一致（如一个对过去假设，一个对现在或将来假设）。这时，主句和从句需要根据各自的时间分别使用对应的动词形式。 例题 If you ______ (receive) the training last month, you ______ (know) how to operate the machine now. 答案：had received, would know 详解：从句“上个月接受培训”是对过去的假设，用 had received；主句“现在就知道”是对现在结果的假设，用 would know。 变式题1 If he ______ (not waste) so much time playing games in the past few years, he ______ (be) a college student today. 答案：hadn‘t wasted, would be 详解：从句“在过去几年里没有浪费”是对过去一段时间的假设，用 hadn’t wasted；主句“今天就是大学生了”是对现在情况的假设，用 would be。 变式题2 She ______ (be) dead if the neighbors ______ (not call) the police immediately that night. 答案：would be, hadn‘t called 详解：主句“她现在就死了”是对现在结果的假设，用 would be；从句“那晚邻居没有立刻报警”是对过去的假设，用 hadn’t called。 名词性从句虚拟语气考点精析与突破 在表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等主观意向的动词、名词、形容词之后的名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）中，应使用虚拟语气。 核心结构：(should) + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略。这是此类虚拟语气最根本的形式。 考点一：动词后的宾语从句 这是最常考的题型。当句子谓语是某些表示“建议、命令、要求”等的动词时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 关键词： 一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建议：suggest, advise, propose, recommend 四要求：ask, demand, require, request, desire 例题 The doctor recommended that he ______ (avoid) strenuous exercise for a month. 答案：(should) avoid 详解：主句谓语动词 recommended（建议）是标志词之一，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。 变式题1 The general commanded that all the soldiers ______ (be) ready before dawn. 答案：(should) be 详解：主句谓语动词 commanded（命令）是标志词，其后宾语从句用 (should) + 动词原形。be 动词的原形就是 be。 变式题2 He insisted that she ______ (not leave) the company. 答案：(should) not leave 详解：动词 insisted（坚持要求）后接宾语从句用虚拟语气。否定形式在 should 后加 not，或直接在动词原形前加 not。 易错点突破 insist：当意为“坚持要求”时，用虚拟；当意为“坚持认为”时，用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was innocent.（坚持认为，陈述事实） He insisted that I (should) pay at once.（坚持要求，虚拟） suggest：当意为“建议”时，用虚拟；当意为“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气。 His pale face suggested that he was ill.（表明，陈述事实） I suggested that we (should) start early.（建议，虚拟） 考点二：名词后的表语从句和同位语从句 当句子主语或中心词是某些表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气。 关键词： advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation（建议） order, command（命令） demand, requirement, request, desire（要求） plan, idea（计划/想法） 例题 His suggestion is that we ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem. 答案：(should) hold 详解：主句主语 suggestion（建议）是标志词，其后的表语从句应使用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形。 变式题1 What do you think of the idea that we ______ (go) camping this weekend? 答案：(should) go 详解：中心词 idea（想法）后的同位语从句解释 idea 的具体内容，应使用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形。 变式题2 The manager gave the order that the task ______ (complete) by the end of this week. 答案：(should) be completed 详解：中心词 order（命令）后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。同时，任务“被完成”，需用被动语态，故结构为 (should) be + 过去分词。 考点三：It is + 形容词 + that... 主语从句 在 It is + 形容词 + that... 句型中，当形容词表示“必要、重要、紧迫”等含义时，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气。 关键词： necessary, important, essential, vital, imperative natural, strange desirable, better 例题 It is essential that every applicant ______ (fill) out the form completely. 答案：(should) fill 详解：It is essential that... 是典型结构，形容词 essential（必要的）要求其后主语从句使用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形。 变式题1 It is necessary that he ______ (return) the books to the library on time. 答案：(should) return 详解：形容词 necessary（必要的）后的主语从句用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形。 变式题2 It is strange that she ______ (refuse) such a good offer. 答案：(should) refuse 详解：形容词 strange（奇怪的）后的主语从句也常用虚拟语气，表示一种出乎意料的情绪。 特殊句型虚拟语气考点精析与突破 特殊句型虚拟语气主要用来表示愿望、建议、遗憾等情绪，其动词形式有固定的模式。 考点一：Wish 与 If Only 引导的从句 表示一种难以实现或与事实相反的愿望，翻译为“但愿…”、“要是…就好了”。If only 的语气比 wish 更强烈。 对现在/将来的愿望：从句谓语用过去式（be动词常用 were）。 对过去的愿望：从句谓语用 had + 过去分词 或 could have + 过去分词。 例题 I wish I ______ (can speak) French fluently. 答案：could speak 详解：表示对现在情况的愿望（我现在法语不流利）。“can”的过去式是“could”，后面接动词原形“speak”。 变式题1 If only he ______ (be) here now to see this. 答案：were 详解：表示对现在情况的强烈愿望（他现在不在这里）。在虚拟语气中，无论主语是第几人称，be动词常用 were。 变式题2 She wishes she ______ (not spend) so much money on clothes last month. 答案：hadn‘t spent 详解：时间状语“last month”表明这是对过去已发生事情的遗憾。故从句谓语用 had not spent。 考点二：It is (high/about) time that... 表示“早该做某事了（但到现在还没做）”，带有一种催促或建议的语气。 that从句的谓语动词用过去式 或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省略）。在高考中，用过去式更为常见和优先。 例题 It’s high time that you ______ (make) up your own mind. 答案：made / should make 详解：It‘s high time that 后接从句，表示“你早该自己做决定了”。谓语动词优先用过去式 made，也可用 should make。 变式题1 Don’t you think it‘s about time we ______ (go) home? 答案：went / should go 详解：It’s about time that 与 It‘s high time that 用法完全相同，表示“我们差不多该回家了”。谓语动词用 went 或 should go。 变式题2 It is time that the children ______ (go) to bed. 答案：went / should go 详解：句意为“孩子们该睡觉了”。虽然主语是复数 the children，但在这个句型中，谓语动词依然使用过去式（go 的过去式是 went），不随主语变化。 考点三：Would rather 后的宾语从句 表示“宁愿某人做某事”，从句内容通常与事实相反。 与现在或将来事实相反：从句谓语用过去式。 与过去事实相反：从句谓语用 had + 过去分词。 例题 I would rather you ______ (tell) me the truth right now. 答案：told 详解：时间状语“right now”表明这是对现在或将来的愿望。“我宁愿你现在告诉我”，隐含的事实是“你现在没有告诉我”。故从句谓语用过去式 told。 变式题1 I’d rather you ______ (not mention) this to anyone else in the future. 答案：didn‘t mention 详解：表示对将来情况的愿望。否定形式直接在动词过去式前加 didn’t。 变式题2 I would rather you ______ (not tell) him the news yesterday. Now he is so upset. 答案：hadn‘t told 详解：时间状语“yesterday”表明这是对过去已发生事情的后悔。句意：“我宁愿你昨天没有告诉他那个消息（但你已经告诉了）”。故从句谓语用 had not told。 考点四：As if / As though 引导的方式状语从句 表示“好像，仿佛”。当从句描述的情况是不真实的或可能性极小的时，需用虚拟语气。 与现在事实相反：从句谓语用过去式（be动词用 were）。 与过去事实相反：从句谓语用 had + 过去分词。 例题 He talks about Rome as if he ______ (be) there himself. 答案：had been 详解：根据语境，他本人过去并没有真正去过罗马，只是在“夸夸其谈”。所以这是对过去情况的虚拟，从句谓语用 had been。 变式题1 She is treating me as though I ______ (be) a stranger. 答案：were 详解：表示与现在事实相反（我并不是一个陌生人）。在虚拟语气中，be动词常用 were。 变式题2 The machine is making a loud noise as if it ______ (break) down. 答案：were broken / would break 详解：表示与现在事实相反的推测（机器并没有真的坏掉，但听起来像要坏了）。可以用 were broken（表示状态）或 would break（表示趋势）。 一、单句语法填空 1．If I (be) a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是一名教师，我会严格要求我的学生。本句使用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，根据虚拟语气的用法，当句子表达与现在的客观事实相反时，从句谓语动词使用一般过去时，系动词be无论主语为单数还是复数都直接变为were。故填were。 2．If he had come here yesterday, he (see) his old friend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would have seen 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他昨天来这儿了，他就会见到他的老朋友了。此处考查对过去情况的虚拟，if引导的条件状语从句谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”形式，主句则用“would+have+过去分词”形式，表示与过去事实相反的假设。故填would have seen。 3．If I (take) your advice, I could have passed the driving test. 【答案】had taken 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果当初我听了你的建议，我就能通过驾照考试了。对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，从句需用“had + 过去分词”，主句用 “could/would/should/might + have + 过去分词”。故填had taken。 4．I would rather I (follow) your advice yesterday. 【答案】had followed 【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：我真希望昨天听从了你的建议。分析句子可知，“would rather”后接宾语从句时，若表示与过去事实相反的假设或愿望，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “had + 过去分词”形式。句中“yesterday” 明确提示是与过去事实相反的情况（即 “昨天没有听从建议”），因此“follow”需用过去完成时“had followed”。故填had followed。 5．The firefighters failed to save the dog’s owner because if they (walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too. 【答案】had walked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：消防队员未能救出狗的主人，因为如果他们踏上淤泥的话，他们也会沉下去。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，应用虚拟语气；与过去的事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。故填had walked。 6． she my daughter, I wouldn't allow her to study abroad. 【答案】Were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她是我的女儿，我不会允许她出国留学。根据下文“ I wouldn't allow her to study abroad(我不会允许她出国留学)”可知，此处是对现在情况的虚拟，if 从句中如果有 were ，可以把 if 省略，将 were 提到主语前面，形成倒装，故填 Were 。 7．If it / / (rain) tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 【答案】 rained were to rain should rain 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。根据语境可知，此处是对将来情况的虚拟，if 从句可以用一般过去时（rained）、“were to do 结构”以及“should + 动词原形（should rain）”，故填 rained/were to rain/should rain 。 8．She might have lost the opportunity if her mother on her going. (not insist) 【答案】hadn’t insisted 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是她妈妈坚持要她去，她可能就失去了这个机会。根据句意，“if her mother on her going”是虚拟条件句，表示与过去相反的事实，从句中谓语动词用过去完成时态had done，结合提示not insist，用否定式hadn’t insisted。故填hadn’t insisted。 9．With the moderate measures, we (build) a harmonious society in the future. 【答案】would build 【详解】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：假如采取适度的措施，我们将在未来建设一个和谐社会。根据“With the moderate measures”以及句意可知，本句话使用了含蓄虚拟条件句，即通过名词，连接词，或介词短语等来暗示。本句话中with的介词短语表示虚拟的条件。根据句中的in the future可知，本句话是对将来事实的假设，所以句中用“would +do”的结构。故填would build。 10．If it (rain) tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the grocery store. 【答案】were to rain/should rain/rained 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天下雨，我就不会去杂货店了。rain“下雨”，动词。根据主句谓语动词“wouldn’t go”可以判断if引导的条件状语从句应该用虚拟语气，根据tomorrow可知，从句对将来虚拟，时态应该用动词的一般过去时态或“should+动词原形”或者“were +to do”。故填rained/were to rain/should rain。 11． he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. 【答案】Were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是他今天出发，星期五就能到那儿。根据下文“he would get there by Friday(星期五就能到那儿)”可知，此处是对将来情况的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，be动词应用were，if 从句中如果有were to do结构，可以把 if 省略，将 were 提到主语前面，形成倒装，句首单词首字母大写，故填 Were。 12．If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he (be) able to speak it much better now. 【答案】would be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，他现在就能说得更好了。本句是虚拟语气含蓄条件句，now说明主句与现在事实相反，应用would do。故答案是would be。 13．Had you listened to the doctor, you (be) all right now. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】would be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你听了医生的话，你现在就好了。根据句意和句子结构，此题考查省略if的错综时间条件句。从句部分为过去事实相反的假设，省略if后，助动词had置于句首，根据主句的时间状语now，主句部分应与现在事实相反，故设空处应填would+动词原形。故填would be。 14．But for your timely help, we (lose) the match yesterday. 【答案】would have lost 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是你及时的帮助，我们昨天就会输掉比赛。分析句子可知，句中“but for”（要不是）是含蓄虚拟条件句的标志，表明句子是对过去情况的假设。对于过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语动词应使用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”的结构。本句中，“lose the match”（输掉比赛）是过去可能发生的情况，因此应填“would have lost”。故填would have lost。 15．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything (float) off otherwise. 【答案】would float 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都粘住，否则所有东西都会飘走。float“飘”。本空为because引导的原因状语从句的谓语，句中otherwise“否则”提示本句表达的是一种假设情况：如果在无重力的太空环境中不固定物品，它们就会飘走。因此谓语应用“would+动词原形”的结构。故填would float。 16．It is appropriate that some time (devote) to thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission. 【答案】should be devoted/be devoted 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：应当花些时间深入研究阿波罗任务的结果，这是恰当的。It is appropriate that... 句型中，that 从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。time 与 devote 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，故填 (should) be devoted 。 17．It is essential that the diet (vary) and balanced. 【答案】should be varied/be varied 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：饮食多样化和均衡是很重要的。It is essential that...为固定句型，意为“……是至关重要的”，that引导的主语从句中使用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词使用(should) do；the diet和vary为被动关系，需用被动语态，位于情态动词后面使用动词原形。故填should be varied/be varied。 18．It is essential that these application forms (send) back as early as possible. 【答案】(should) be sent 【详解】考查虚拟语气与被动语态。句意：这些申请表必须尽早寄回。It is essential that...“……是至关重要的”，that从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可省略，从句中动词send与主语these application forms为动宾关系，故应用被动语态should be sent，should可省略。故填(should) be sent。 19．He insisted that he was right and that his plan (carry) out at once. 【答案】should be carried/be carried 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：他坚持认为自己是对的，并要求立即执行他的计划。动词“insisted”后接两个由“and”连接的宾语从句：第一个从句“he was right”使用陈述语气陈述观点；第二个从句因“insisted”表示“坚持要求”，需用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，should可以省略；主语“his plan”与动词“carry out(执行)”为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填(should) be carried。 20．He also insisted that they (leave) enough space for children. 【答案】should leave/leave 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他还坚持要他们为孩子们留出足够的空间。leave为动词，表示“留下”，作谓语；当动词 insist表示“坚持要求”后接宾语从句时，需用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should) + 动词原形”，其中 should 可省略。故填(should) leave。 21．It is most urgent that Tom (help)the doctor operate. 【答案】help /should help 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：最紧急的是汤姆应该帮助医生做手术。It is urgent that...中，that 引导的主语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其结构为“(should)+动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should) help。 22．He is right, but I can’t help wishing they keep those old ferries. 【答案】would/could 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他是对的，但我不禁希望他们能保留那些旧渡轮。本题考查wish后宾语从句中对将来的虚拟，可用would/could+动词原形。故填would/could。 23．He is right, but I can't help wishing they (keep) those old ferries. 【答案】would keep 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说得对，但我忍不住希望他们能保留那些旧渡船。此处动词，最为wishing后面从句的谓语，因为wish+从句时，意为“多希望……”即从句为虚拟语气，此处表达“与将来相反”，因此需要使用过去将来时。故填would keep。 24．It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker (speak) longer.” 【答案】had spoken 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：很少听到有人说：“我希望那个演讲者能讲得更久一些。”wish后面的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气。在这个句子中，因为说的是对过去某个演讲的希望，所以我们需要使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以宾语从句的谓语动词应该使用过去完成时。故填had spoken。 25．We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice. 【答案】stayed 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿女儿留在家里和我们在一起，但这是她的选择。would rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的事实。故填stayed。 26．My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s education. 【答案】focused 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我丈夫总是谈论经济，但我宁愿他多关注一下我们孩子的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“would rather+从句”结构，从句中的谓语动词通常使用虚拟语气，根据并列句的谓语动词is always talking可知，此处表示的是现在的情况，所以谓语动词应使用一般过去时，focus与句子主语he之间为主动关系。故填focused。 27．—We will have a meeting tomorrow.    —I would rather we (hold) the meeting today than tomorrow. 【答案】held 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我们明天要开会。——我宁愿我们今天而不是明天开会。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；2.用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。根据“We will have a meeting tomorrow.”可知，此处表示的是将来的愿望，故用一般过去时态。故填held。 28．Mary insisted that she (be) right but her mother insisted that she (say)sorry to Annie. 【答案】 was say/should say 【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：玛丽坚持认为自己是对的，但她的母亲坚持要求她向安妮道歉。①表示Mary坚持认为自己是对的，属于“坚持某种观点/事实”，应该用陈述语气。 主语是she，时态与主句insisted（过去时）保持一致，故用was。②表示母亲要求她道歉，属于“坚持要求某人做某事”，应该用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should可省略）。故填①was；②(should) say。 29．The official demanded that foods and other supplies (send) to the disaster area immediately. 【答案】should be sent/be sent 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这位官员要求立即向灾区运送食品和其他物资。此处从句主语与谓语构成被动关系，且demand后跟宾语从句，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填(should) be sent。 30．Experts suggest that young parents (spend) some time communicating with their children instead of playing with their phones. 【答案】should spend/spend 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：专家建议年轻父母应该花些时间和孩子交流，而不是玩手机。分析句子可知，suggest在此处表示“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，且should可以省略。故填(should) spend。 31．My suggestion is that the problem (discuss) at the meeting as soon as possible. 【答案】 (should) be discussed 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：我的建议是这个问题应该尽快在会议上讨论。分析句子结构可知，“suggestion(建议)”后接表语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，其结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，其中should可省略。再结合语义，the problem与discuss之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态(should) be discussed。故填 (should) be discussed。 32．My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life (encourage) to finance the project with their deeper love for these children. 【答案】should be encouraged/be encouraged 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我的建议是，应该鼓励更多来自各行各业的人怀着对这些孩子更深的爱来资助这个项目。分析句子结构可知，此处应为表语从句的谓语，suggestion意为“建议”，其后的表语从句的谓语动词形式应为“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略，encourage与主语“more people from all walks of life”之间为被动关系，所以此处应为should be encouraged，且should可以省略。故填(should) be encouraged。 33．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：当一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时，它看起来好像断了。根据句意，此处考查as if引导的表语从句的虚拟语气， 表示与现在事实相反的情况，应用一般过去时，be动词使用were。故填were。 34．His suggestion is that we (go) to watch the football match. 【答案】should go/go 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他的建议是我们应该去看足球赛。that从句是表语从句，此处suggestion表示“建议”，作主语，表语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分为should+动词原形，should可以省略，故填(should) go。 35．My demand is that the information referred to in my report (email) to Mr Brown without delay. 【答案】should be emailed/be emailed 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的要求是将我报告中提到的资料立即用电子邮件发给Brown先生。demand表示“要求”，表语从句中应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分用“(should)+动词原形”，动词email和主语the information之间是被动关系，故填(should) be emailed。 36．We are working the command of the manager that no expense (spare) to make the party a success. 【答案】 under should be spared/be spared 【详解】考查介词和虚拟语气。句意：我们在经理的指挥下工作，为了使晚会成功，我们将不惜一切代价。under the command of“在……的指挥下”是固定搭配。连词that引导是同位语从句，对名词command的内容进行解释说明，从句中的谓语动词应该用should do形式，should可以省略；从句的主语expense与动词spare之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填under；(should) be spared。 37．He expressed a strong desire that measures (take) to stop pollution. 【答案】(should) be taken 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他表示强烈希望采取措施制止污染。名词desire“渴望；希望”后面的同位语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should do，should可省略，动词take与从句主语measures构成逻辑上的被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填(should) be taken。 38．The teacher agreed to the suggestion that students (give) two weeks to prepare for the exam. 【答案】(should) be given 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师同意给学生两周时间备考的建议。分析可知，that引导的同位语从句对名词suggestion进行解释说明，因此用虚拟语气，谓语部分为“should+ 动词原形”，又主语students与give是被动关系，故应用被动语态。综上，故填(should) be given。 39．He has a desire that his books (reach) as many as possible. 【答案】should reach 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他希望他的书能让尽可能多的人读到。分析句子可知，此处为先行词desire表示“愿望”引导的同位语从句，在该从句中应该需要虚拟语气，即should do sth。故填should reach。 40．One major recommendation at the meeting is that these traditional customs (preserve). 【答案】(should)be preserved 【详解】考查语态。句意：会议上的一个主要建议是应该保存这些传统习俗。分析句子可知，主语“these traditional customs”与“preserve”是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据“recommendation”可知，其后对它进行补充说明的同位语从句应用虚拟语气，从句结构为that sb. should do sth.,should可以省略。故填(should)be preserved。 41．Sailors, even miles from the blasts, described feeling heat as if they (go) from the shade into the sun, and an intense flash of light even through dark goggles. 【答案】had gone 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：水手们描述说甚至在距离爆炸地点几英里的地方都能感受到热量，就好像他们从阴凉处走到了太阳底下，甚至透过黑色的护目镜也能感受到强烈的闪光。本题考查条件状语从句中对过去的虚拟，使用过去完成时。故填had gone。 42．I felt he treated me as though I hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. 【答案】would 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我觉得他对待我就好像我会拖他后腿，可能会让他在这门课上得不到A。本题考查as though后状语从句中对将来的虚拟，用would+动词原形。故填would。 43．He throws his arms and legs out as if he (fly), his eyes wide with excitement. 【答案】were flying 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他张开双臂和双腿，好像在飞翔，兴奋地睁大了眼睛。as if引导的方式状语从句表示与现在事实相反，应用虚拟语气，且表示“好像正在飞翔”，使用过去进行时，be动词使用were。故填were flying。 44．David insisted on running as if he (forget) all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. 【答案】had forgotten 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：David坚持跑步，好像忘记了他所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。主句时态为过去时（insisted），as if引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况，需使用虚拟语气。在虚拟语气中，若主句是过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前时，需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），表达David“似乎忘记了自己的弱点”（实际并未忘记，后文提到他很快被绊倒）。故填had forgotten。 45．When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it (break). 【答案】were broken 【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意：当铅笔部分放入水中时，看起来好像折了。it和break之间是动宾关系，这里应用被动语态。as if引导的让步状语从句中常用虚拟语气，这里表示与现在情况相反，谓语用过去式，be动词使用were。故填were broken。 46．He is smiling happily as if nothing   (happen). 【答案】had happened 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他开心地笑着，好像什么事也没发生过。在as if 从句中，如果说话人认为句子所述事情不真实或与实际情况不符，需使用虚拟语气，如果所述情况是与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时态；happen是as if引导的方式状语从句中谓语动词，根据句意可知，说话人认为他只是假装好像什么事也没发生过，但过去的真实情况并非如此，与过去事实相反，应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词happen用过去完成时态had happened。故填had happened。 47．It is time that we (take) measures to stop pollution. 【答案】took/should take 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：是我们采取措施制止污染的时候了。It is time后that引导的从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式或用should(不可省略)加动词原形，表示“是时候……”。故填took/should take。 48．Therefore, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to improve the current situation. 【答案】took/should take 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：因此，现在真是我们采取有效措施改善现状的时候了。根据固定句型it is high time that sb. did/should do sth.“真是某人做某事的时候了”可知，that引导的定语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分结构为did/should do，should不能省。故填took/should take。 49．It’s time you (settle) your dispute with him. 【答案】settled/should settle 【详解】考查固定句型和虚拟语气。句意：你该和他解决争端了。此处为固定句型it is time （that） sb did sth./ should do sth.“是某人做某事的时候了”，that引导的定语从句用虚拟语气。故填settled/should settle。 50．The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we (reflect) on ourselves. 【答案】should reflect/reflected 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：全国性的雾霾不断提醒我们，现在真的是反思自己的时候了。此处为固定句型it is high time (that) sb. should do/did sth.“真是某人做某事的时间了”，that引导的定语从句用虚拟语气。故填should reflect/reflected。 51．If only I ( know ) her name. 【答案】knew 【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：要是我知道她的名字就好了。分析句子可知，“if only”引导的句子常表示一种愿望，意为“要是…… 就好了”。如果表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句要用一般过去时（be 动词用 were）；如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句要用过去完成时。在这个句子中，“If only I knew her name.”表达的是现在我不知道她的名字，要是知道就好了，是与现在事实相反的愿望，所以用 know 的过去式 knew。故填knew。 52．The film was boring. If only I (not, see) it last night! 【答案】hadn’t seen 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这部电影很无聊。要是我昨晚没看到就好了！If only后接虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，虚拟过去应用过去完成时。故填hadn’t seen。 53．He is involved in the trouble now. If only he (listen) to his parents! 【答案】had listened 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他现在卷入了麻烦。要是他听了父母的话就好了！此处考查if only引导的虚拟语气，用于表示与过去相反的愿望，用过去完成时。故填had listened。 54．If you (come), I would meet you. 【答案】should come 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你来，我会来接你。根据后文I would meet you可知，此处为虚拟语气，对将来发生的事情进行假设，条件句中可用should+动词原形。故填should come。 55．Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise (rot) in fields. 【答案】would have rotted 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过 807500 磅的食物；若不这样做，这些农产品原本会在田地里腐烂。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据otherwise和句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用would have done形式。故填would have rotted。 56．（全国卷）—I stayed at a hotel while in New York. —Oh, did you? You (stay) with Barbara. 【答案】could have stayed 【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法和虚拟语气。句意：——我在纽约的时候住在一家旅馆里。——哦，是吗？你本可以和Barbara住在一起的。分析句子成分，空处缺谓语动词，且是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。“could have done”表示“过去本可以做某事但实际上没有做”，此处是说“你本可以和Barbara住在一起，但实际上住了旅馆”，故填could have stayed。 57．Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we could (manage) it without you. 【答案】have managed 【详解】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：感谢你上周的辛苦工作。我想没有你我们不可能做成。由句意和without you可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用“could+have+过去分词”。故填have managed。 58．I couldn’t （go）through that bitter period without your generous help. 【答案】have gone 【详解】考查虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用。句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不会熬过那段艰苦的日子。根据题干中的“that bitter period(那段艰苦的日子)”可知，本句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，without your generous help相当于if it hadn’t been for your generous help, 故本句谓语为couldn’t have gone。故答案为have gone。 59．If I ( live ) out of town at that time, I would have taken up gardening as a hobby. 【答案】had lived 【详解】考查动词时态虚拟语气。句意：如果那时我住在城外，我就会把园艺当作一种爱好。分析句子可知，句中使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句结构应为“if + 主语 + had + 过去分词”，主句为“主语 + would have + 过去分词”。此处“at that time”表明是对过去情况的假设，“live”的过去分词为“lived”。故填had lived。 60．If only Edward (remember) to finish his homework yesterday! 【答案】had remembered 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是Edward昨天记得完成作业就好了！If only意为“要是…… 就好了”，其后的从句常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词应用had+过去分词形式。故填had remembered。 二、翻译 61．要是我看过那部电影就好了。 【答案】If only I had seen the film. 【详解】考查虚拟语气。表示“要是……就好了”应用虚拟语气结构If only ...；表示“我看过那部电影”，此处是对过去情况的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，“看过”翻译为had seen，“那部电影”翻译为the film。故翻译为If only I had seen the film. 62．我是如此后悔，忍不住想，要是我考虑他们的建议就好了。 【答案】So regretful was I that I cannot help thinking if only I had taken their advice into account/consideration. 【详解】考查时态、结果状语从句、倒装句、宾语从句。表示“我”用I，作主语，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，be动词用was。表示“如此……以至于……”用so...that...，引导结果状语从句，其中so后用形容词，表示“后悔的”用regretful，作表语，位于句首，引起半倒装句型。表示“我忍不住想”用I cannot help thinking。表示“要是我考虑他们的建议就好了”用if only“要是……就好了”引导的宾语从句，从句中：用I作主语；表示“听取某人的建议”用take sb’s advice into account/consideration，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句时态用过去完成时，谓语用had taken。故翻译为：So regretful was I that I cannot help thinking if only I had taken their advice into account/consideration. 63．没有你的认可和指导，我不可能写这篇文章。 【答案】Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. 【详解】考查介词短语和虚拟语气。“没有”用介词短语 without ；“认可”是 recognition ；“指导”是 guidance ；“不可能做某事”用 couldn't have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟，“写这篇文章”是 write this article 。故翻译为 Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. 64．如果我当时没有误解他，现在一切就都不一样了！ 【答案】Had I not misunderstood him then, everything would be different now! 【详解】考查虚拟语气和倒装。分析句子结构，这是一个包含虚拟语气的复合句，根据汉语提示，可知从句表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而主句表示的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句使用“had+过去分词”形式，主句使用“would+动词原形”形式，表示“如果我当时没有误解他”含义的表达为：Had I not misunderstood him then，为主谓宾结构；表示“现在一切就都不一样了”含义的表达为：everything would be different now，为主系表结构，故翻译为：Had I not misunderstood him then, everything would be different now! 65．有必要派他去北京。(It’s necessary that...) 【答案】It’s necessary that he (should) be sent to Beijing. 【详解】考查固定句型、虚拟语气。按要求，表示“有必要”用句型It’s necessary that...，that引导主语从句，作真正主语，it用作形式主语，句首字母大写；主语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should+动词原形，should可省略，表示“要派他去北京”为he (should) be sent to Beijing，动词send和主语he之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故翻译为It’s necessary that he (should) be sent to Beijing. 66．为了方便起见，我建议你先学习一下唐朝的知识。（不定式作目的状语） 【答案】To make it easier, I suggest you study and get some knowledge of the Tang dynasty in advance. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。分析句子结构，“为了方便起见”在句子中作目的状语，使用动词不定式，表达为To make it easier；“建议你做某事”的表达为：suggest you (should) do sth.；suggest后接省略that的宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略。“学习唐朝的知识”的表达为：study and get some knowledge of the Tang dynasty；“先”的表达为：in advance，作状语。故翻译为：To make it easier, I suggest you study and get some knowledge of the Tang dynasty in advance. 67．所以我认为现在是你改掉这个坏习惯的时候了。对你来说，读一些有意义的书和做一些体育锻炼是个好主意。我期待着很快听到你的好消息。 【答案】So I think it is high time that you got rid of the bad habit. It is a good idea for you to read some meaningful books and do some physical exercise.I am looking forward to hearing your good news soon． 【详解】考查虚拟语气、固定句型及时态。“是......的时候”是虚拟语气，it is high time that somebody+过去式，“对......来说，做某事是个好主意”，用It is a good idea for somebody to do,“期待”可以翻译为： look forward to用现在进行时；结合其它汉语，故整句翻译为：So I think it is high time that you got rid of the bad habit. It is a            good idea for you to read some meaningful books and do some physical exercise.I am looking forward to hearing your good news soon． 68．看到标枪（javelin），我感觉它好像在鼓励我，并且说“你注定是冠军！”。 【答案】Seeing the javelin, I felt as if it had been encouraging me and saying, “ you are bound to be the champion.” 【详解】考查时态，现在分词和虚拟语气。描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。“看到标枪（javelin）”用现在分词作状语，译为seeing the javelin；“我感觉”译为I felt；“它好像在鼓励我，并且说“你注定是冠军！””用as if引导的方式状语从句并且用虚拟语气形式，与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，“鼓励我并且说”译为“encourage me and say”表示持续进行的状态，用过去完成进行时；“你注定是冠军”译为“you are bound to be the champion”。故翻译为Seeing the javelin, I felt as if it had been encouraging me and saying, “ you are bound to be the champion.” 69．要求所有人，包括学生、老师和家长都参加。 【答案】It’s required that all the people, including students, teachers and parents involved, should attend it. 【详解】考查主语从句和虚拟语气。分析可知，表示“所有人，包括学生、老师和家长都参加”可以为all the people, including students, teachers and parents involved, should attend it，介词including构成介词短语作定语，修饰主语the people，此部分可以由that引导用作主语从句；谓语动词require“要求”与主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态（be required），可用形式主语it，真正主语置后，表示“参加”应用attend；require后面的主语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should attend。根据句意，用一般现在时。句首字母大写，故翻译为It’s required that all the people, including students, teachers and parents involved, should attend it. 70．要求所有的人，包括学生、老师和家长，都要参加。 【答案】It’s required that all the people, including students, teachers and parents involved, should attend it. 【详解】考查it作形式主语。表达：要求某人做某事，英语用It’s required that sb.(should) do sth。表达：包括，英语用包括；表达：参加，英语用attend。故原句翻译为：It’s required that all the people, including students, teachers and parents involved, should attend it. 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $