专题19 主谓一致(复习讲义)(广东小高考专用)2026年春季高考英语

2025-11-08
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专题19 主谓一致 目录 考情分析与命题趋势.......................................................................................................1 知识体系构建...................................................................................................................1 考点精析与突破...............................................................................................................3 考点一:语法一致原则(常考点)...............................................................................3 考点二:意义一致原则(难点)...................................................................................7 考点三:就近原则(重点)..........................................................................................10 实战精练与提升...............................................................................................................11 一、考试要求 主谓一致是高考英语的必考点和基础考点。它看似简单,但由于英语句子结构的复杂化,它成为了一个容易失分的“陷阱题”高发区。高考英语对主谓一致的考查,正从“知识识记”向“能力运用”转变。它要求考生不仅熟知规则,更能在复杂的语言环境中,通过句子结构分析和逻辑意义判断,做出正确选择。掌握恰当的方法,并配以系统的规则梳理和真题训练,就能在这个考点上稳操胜券。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 语法一致原则 5年5考 语法一致原则的深层次理解 预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查 意义一致原则 5年4考 意义一致原则的深层次理解 预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查 就近原则 5年3考 就近原则的深层次理解 预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查 语法一致 —— “看长相” 这条定律取决于主语的语法形式是单数还是复数。 单数主语 —— 单数动词; 复数主语 ——复数动词 不定代词作主语 → 视作单数 each, either, neither, one, the other, another someone, anybody, everything, nobody 等。 “名词/代词 + 附带结构” → 向核心主语看齐 当主语后跟有 with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, except, including 等引导的短语时,谓语动词与核心主语保持一致。 意义一致 —— “悟内涵” 这条定律取决于主语所表达的内在含义是单数还是复数。 集合名词 —— 可单可复,取决于视角 family, team, group, class, audience, government 等。 强调整体(作为一个单位)→ 单数 强调个体成员(分散行动)→ 复数 形复意单的名词 —— 形式骗了你 news, politics, physics, mathematics, measles 专有名词: the United States, the United Nations 其他: works(工厂), means(方法) “the + 形容词”表示一类人 → 复数 the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the disabled 数量词短语 —— 看“of”后面的真身 “分数/百分数 + of + 名词”: 谓语动词与 of 后的名词 保持一致。 邻近一致 —— “找邻居” 这条定律取决于谓语动词最邻近的主语是单数还是复数。 就近原则 由 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also... 连接并列主语时。 Not only the players but also the coach was nervous. / Either you or I am wrong. 就远原则 核心主语 + with/together with/as well as/except... + 名词,谓语与核心主语一致。 Mary, unlike her sisters, likes staying at home. 语法一致原则考点精析与突破 考点一:单数可数名词与不可数名词作主语 单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 例题 A new bridge ______ (be) being built over the river. 答案: is 主语是单数可数名词 A new bridge。 根据语法一致原则,单数主语配单数谓语。 此处为现在进行时的被动语态,故填 is。 变式题1 The information he provided ______ (be) of great value to our research. 变式题2 ______ (Do) daily exercise help to improve our health? 考点二:不定代词作主语 each, either, neither, one, the other, another 以及由 some-, any-, every-, no- 构成的复合不定代词(如someone, anything)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例题 Each of the candidates ______ (have) a chance to speak for five minutes. 答案: has 主语是 Each(每一个),属于单数不定代词。 不定代词 each 作主语,谓语动词用单数。 不要被 of the candidates 这个复数短语迷惑,核心主语是 Each。 变式题 Somebody who ______ (care) about you is waiting for you outside. 变式题2 Neither of the two solutions ______ (seem) practical to me. 考点三:动名词、不定式与从句作主语 单个动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或主语从句作主语时,它们通常被视作一个整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。 例题 Learning a foreign language ______ (require) a lot of time and effort. 答案: requires主语是动名词短语 Learning a foreign language。动名词短语作主语,被视为单数概念,谓语动词用单数。 表示一个普遍事实,用一般现在时,故填 requires。 变式题1 What we need most now ______ (be) more time. 变式题2 To get up early in the winter morning ______ (be) really a challenge for him. 考点四:“the + 形容词”表示抽象概念 当“the + 形容词”表示一种抽象概念或特质时,谓语动词用单数。 例题 The beautiful ______ (give) pleasure to all of us. 答案: gives 此处 The beautiful 并非指“美丽的人们”,而是指“美”这一抽象概念。 表示抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数。普遍真理,用一般现在时,故填 gives。 变式题1 In his philosophy, the unknown ______ (be) always something to be explored. 变式题2 The accused ______ (stand) in the court, feeling nervous. 考点五:专有名词与形复意单的名词作主语 表示国家、组织、书籍名称等专有名词,以及一些以-s结尾但表示单一概念的学科、疾病名称(如physics, news),谓语动词用单数。 例题 The United Nations ______ (play) an important role in international affairs. 答案: plays主语 The United Nations(联合国)是一个专有名词,代表一个单一组织。 此类专有名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。表示一贯的角色,用一般现在时,故填 plays。 变式题1 Mathematics ______ (be) the language of science. 变式题2 Great Expectations ______ (be) a novel written by Charles Dickens. 考点六:并列主语由and或both...and...连接 由 and 或 both...and... 连接的并列主语,通常表示两个或多个不同的人或事物,谓语动词用复数。 例题 Both the secretary and the manager ______ (agree) with the proposal. 答案: agree主语由 both...and... 连接,分别是 the secretary 和 the manager,这是两个不同的人。 表示不同个体的并列主语,谓语动词用复数。用一般现在时,故填原形 agree。 变式题1 What I say and what I think ______ (be) none of your business. 变式题2 Bread and butter ______ (be) their daily food. 考点七:“each/every...and...”结构作主语 由 each...and each... 或 every...and every... 连接的主语,遵循语法一致原则,强调“每一个”,谓语动词用单数。 例题 Every boy and every girl in this class ______ (be) eager to learn. 答案: is主语是由 every...and every... 连接的结构, 此结构强调每一个个体,但整体上遵循语法一致,谓语动词用单数。用一般现在时,故填 is。 变式题1 Each man and each woman ______ (have) the right to vote. 变式题2 Every student and every teacher ______ (be) required to attend the meeting. 意义一致原则考点精析与突破 考点一:集合名词作主语 集合名词(如 family, team, group, class, audience, government 等)强调整体时,谓语用单数;强调集体中的个体成员时,谓语用复数。 例题 My family ______ (be) a very big one, but now my family ______ (be) all living in different cities. 答案: is; are 第一空: 此处 family 被看作一个整体(一个大家庭),所以谓语动词用单数 is。 第二空: 此处有 all 一词,明确强调家庭中的个体成员(家人们),所以谓语动词用复数 are。 变式题1 The class ______ (have) elected their monitor, and the class ______ (be) now having an English lesson. 变式题2 The audience ______ (be) so large that the audience ______ (be) all asked to be seated. 考点二:形复意单的名词作主语 一些以-s结尾的名词,如表示学科、疾病、游戏等,在意义上是抽象的、单一的,谓语动词用单数。 例题 Politics ______ (be) a complicated topic that I know little about. 答案: is此处的 Politics 指的是“政治”这门学科或领域,是一个抽象概念。形复意单的名词,谓语动词用单数。陈述一个事实,用一般现在时,故填 is。 变式题1 变式题2 Measles ______ (take) a long time to get over. 考点三:“the + 形容词”表示一类人 当“the + 形容词”表示一类人(如 the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the disabled)时,谓语动词用复数。 例题 In any country, the poor ______ (need) more care and support from the society. 答案: need the poor 指的是“穷人”这个群体,是由多个个体组成的。表示一类人,谓语动词用复数。表示一个普遍需求,用一般现在时,故填原形 need。 变式题1 The injured in the accident ______ (have) been sent to the nearest hospital. 变式题2 The young ______ (be) always full of hopes and dreams for the future. 考点四:表示数量、度量、距离、金额的短语作主语 当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词被看作一个整体概念时,谓语动词用单数。 例题 One hundred dollars ______ (be) a large amount for a child. 答案: is One hundred dollars 在这里不是指一百张一美元的纸币,而是被看作“一百美元”这个总金额,是一个整体。表示金额的复数名词作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。陈述一个普遍看法,用一般现在时,故填 is。 变式题1 The past ten years ______ (have) witnessed great changes in my hometown. 变式题2 Fifty miles ______ (seem) like a long walk to anyone. 考点五:不定代词all, most, some, half等 + of...作主语 由 all, most, some, half, the rest, the remainder 等加 of 短语构成的主语,其谓语动词的单复数由 of 后面名词 的实际意义决定。 例题 All of the money on the table ______ (belong) to you. But all of the books here ______ (be) mine. 答案: belongs; are 第一空: All of 后面是不可数名词 money,所以主语是单数概念,谓语用单数 belongs。 第二空: All of 后面是复数可数名词 books,所以主语是复数概念,谓语用复数 are。 变式题1 Most of the city ______ (be) covered with trees, and most of the students in our school ______ (be) from the countryside. 变式题2 Some of the advice he gave ______ (be) very useful, and some of the apples ______ (be) rotten. 就近一致原则考点精析与突破 所谓“就近一致原则”,是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的那个主语的单复数形式。 考点一:由 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also... 连接并列主语时 当两个主语由上述并列连词连接时,谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 例题 Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (be) excited about the upcoming trip. 变式题1 Either the coach or the players ______ (be) responsible for the loss. 变式题2 Neither the quality nor the price ______ (have) met our expectations. 考点二:在 there be 句型中 在 There be... 句型中,be 动词的单复数通常与最靠近它的那个主语(第一个主语) 保持一致。 例题 There ______ (be) a book, two pencils and an eraser on the desk. 变式题1 There ______ (be) many applications and one final test before you get the certificate. 变式题2 Look! There ______ (be) a dog and some cats playing in the yard. 考点三:在倒装句及“Here/Where+be”结构中 在部分倒装句,特别是表地点、方向的介词短语置于句首引起的完全倒装句中,以及 “Here/Where+be” 结构中,谓语动词的单复数也由最靠近它的主语决定。 例题 On the wall ______ (hang) a famous painting and several family photos. 答案:hang 详解:这是一个倒装句,正常语序是 “A famous painting and several family photos hang on the wall.” 在倒装后,谓语动词 hang 靠近第一个主语 a famous painting (单数),但请注意,这里的 hang 作“悬挂”讲时,主语是物,常用主动表被动,其单复数形式不变。但此句更常见的考法是:当第一个主语是单数时,动词用单数。然而,当主语是多个并列项时,谓语动词常用复数。此处 a painting and several photos 是复数概念,所以用 hang。 变式题 Between the two buildings ______ (stand) a tall tree. 一、单句语法填空 1.Not just you but he (like) the country music very much. 2.Either you or he (have) to stay at home this afternoon. 3.Look.There (be) a pair of shoes, a box of apples and some drinks under the table. 4.There (be) not as much homework as I was used to, but it was still tough for me. 5.Not only the students but also the teacher (show) a great interest in playing football. 6.Not the expensive gifts but what he said from the heart truly (touch) her soul and makes her feel loved every single day. 7.There are (clinic), schools and other services in this community. 8.Not only some of the exchange students but my foreign teacher now (be) fond of Beijing Opera. 9.At the moment, there (be) 9,300 openings for nurses across the state, Hochul noted as she hinted that the program may be expanded in the near future. 10.Not only the children but also the teacher (be) very interested in the game. 11.Neither I nor Cathy (do) well in knitting a sweater now. 12.It's not my friends but my teacher always (say) that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices. 13.Not only the foreign students but also the teacher (attract) by the authentic Chinese tea culture so far. 14.Neither you nor any student in your class (know) the correct answer to such a difficult math problem, even though it’s been covered in class recently. 15.Not only the children but also their father (like) watching cartoons. 16.There (be) a dictionary and two books on the desk. 17.There (be) some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team. 18.On that day, there (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 19.Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents (be) fond of watching football matches. 20.Not only Mary but also I (have) adapted to the new environment. 21.While we may change friends, the number of people we can keep in touch with (stay) the same in a certain time. 22.With so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the (expect). 23.Our teacher tells us that physics (be) a fundamental subject in science. 24.Do you know when the professor and the writer (be) to come to give us a speech? 25.After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper (be) in proper place. 26.—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (invite). 27.The reason why the lake smells terrible is that large quantities of water (pollute) in the last few years. 28.The young (be) the vital forces in our society. 29.Twenty dollars for the little poor girl (be) too much then. 30.To our relief, up to now the (injure) in the crash have been carried to the nearby hospital. 31.Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs, bowls and plates (be) common in their performances. 32.Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money, which (account for) half of her income. 33.Four years in the university (seem) quite short for the students. 34.Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 35.The whole class (be) greatly moved by his words. 36.The Chinese badminton team (be) playing magnificently. 37.The beautiful (be) not always useful, while the young (be) always striving for something useless. 38.The injured in the earthquake (send) to the nearest hospital yesterday. 39.Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down. 40.Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits? The real questions surround not the (wear), but the wearer. 41.Two thirds of my leisure time is spent on reading and the remaining one third (spend) in doing outdoor sports. 42.Not both of them (come) to the party. 43.Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good command of this language. 44.Listening to loud music (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers by now. 45.Being at the right place at the right time (be) decisive in any style of photography. 46.Getting young people to take part in all kinds of activities to protect their national heritage (be) a good way to introduce them to their country’s history. 47.All possible means (use) to stop the river from being polluted. 48.Two thirds of the region (pollute) in the past decade. 49.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming. 50.Most of her followers (age) between 20 to 30. 51.No one but John and his teachers (know) the truth of the experiment. 52.Reading articles and short posts (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements. 53.Look! The guests (show) around the factory. 54.When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. 55.As we walked into the house we (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking. 56.The population in California (explode) over the past few years and the state is faced with great challenges. 57.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic (turn) into carbon dioxide. 58.In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites (list) as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. 59.Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain, (remove) due to mobile phones. 60.Under the sky (rest) a village painted with smaller strokes and finer detail, giving the impression of peace. 二、翻译 61.年纪越大,你越意识到,重要的不是你想要什么,而是你愿意放弃什么。(not...but...) 62.他和他的同学都不喜欢放学后补课。(neither...nor...) 63.昨晚有许多人等在剧院前想一睹那位歌星的风采。 (there be ) 64.允许给三个星期的时间来为考试做准备。(allow for) 65.你需要的是一顿好餐。 66.重要的不是你在考试中得了几分,而是你是否努力了。(matter  v.) (汉译英) 67.在中国,中秋节被认为是家庭团聚的象征。(汉译英) 68.短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么?(account) 69.这种新产品防水耐高温,卖得很好。(resistant) 70.中国龙在十二生肖中排名第五。 7 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题19 主谓一致 目录 考情分析与命题趋势.......................................................................................................1 知识体系构建...................................................................................................................1 考点精析与突破...............................................................................................................3 考点一:语法一致原则(常考点)...............................................................................3 考点二:意义一致原则(难点)...................................................................................7 考点三:就近原则(重点)..........................................................................................10 实战精练与提升...............................................................................................................11 一、考试要求 主谓一致是高考英语的必考点和基础考点。它看似简单,但由于英语句子结构的复杂化,它成为了一个容易失分的“陷阱题”高发区。高考英语对主谓一致的考查,正从“知识识记”向“能力运用”转变。它要求考生不仅熟知规则,更能在复杂的语言环境中,通过句子结构分析和逻辑意义判断,做出正确选择。掌握恰当的方法,并配以系统的规则梳理和真题训练,就能在这个考点上稳操胜券。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 语法一致原则 5年5考 语法一致原则的深层次理解 预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查 意义一致原则 5年4考 意义一致原则的深层次理解 预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查 就近原则 5年3考 就近原则的深层次理解 预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查 语法一致 —— “看长相” 这条定律取决于主语的语法形式是单数还是复数。 单数主语 —— 单数动词; 复数主语 ——复数动词 不定代词作主语 → 视作单数 each, either, neither, one, the other, another someone, anybody, everything, nobody 等。 “名词/代词 + 附带结构” → 向核心主语看齐 当主语后跟有 with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, except, including 等引导的短语时,谓语动词与核心主语保持一致。 意义一致 —— “悟内涵” 这条定律取决于主语所表达的内在含义是单数还是复数。 集合名词 —— 可单可复,取决于视角 family, team, group, class, audience, government 等。 强调整体(作为一个单位)→ 单数 强调个体成员(分散行动)→ 复数 形复意单的名词 —— 形式骗了你 news, politics, physics, mathematics, measles 专有名词: the United States, the United Nations 其他: works(工厂), means(方法) “the + 形容词”表示一类人 → 复数 the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the disabled 数量词短语 —— 看“of”后面的真身 “分数/百分数 + of + 名词”: 谓语动词与 of 后的名词 保持一致。 邻近一致 —— “找邻居” 这条定律取决于谓语动词最邻近的主语是单数还是复数。 就近原则 由 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also... 连接并列主语时。 Not only the players but also the coach was nervous. / Either you or I am wrong. 就远原则 核心主语 + with/together with/as well as/except... + 名词,谓语与核心主语一致。 Mary, unlike her sisters, likes staying at home. 语法一致原则考点精析与突破 考点一:单数可数名词与不可数名词作主语 单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 例题 A new bridge ______ (be) being built over the river. 答案: is 主语是单数可数名词 A new bridge。 根据语法一致原则,单数主语配单数谓语。 此处为现在进行时的被动语态,故填 is。 变式题1 The information he provided ______ (be) of great value to our research. 答案: is 详解: 主语 The information 是不可数名词,遵循语法一致原则,谓语动词用单数形式 is。 变式题2 ______ (Do) daily exercise help to improve our health? 答案: Does 详解: 主语 daily exercise 在此处作不可数名词,意为“日常锻炼”,视为单数。疑问句需要用助动词 Does。 考点二:不定代词作主语 each, either, neither, one, the other, another 以及由 some-, any-, every-, no- 构成的复合不定代词(如someone, anything)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例题 Each of the candidates ______ (have) a chance to speak for five minutes. 答案: has 主语是 Each(每一个),属于单数不定代词。 不定代词 each 作主语,谓语动词用单数。 不要被 of the candidates 这个复数短语迷惑,核心主语是 Each。 变式题 Somebody who ______ (care) about you is waiting for you outside. 答案: cares 详解: 定语从句 who... 修饰先行词 Somebody(单数),故从句谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式 cares。 变式题2 Neither of the two solutions ______ (seem) practical to me. 答案: seems 主语是 Neither(两者中哪一个都不),是单数不定代词,谓语动词用单数 seems。 考点三:动名词、不定式与从句作主语 单个动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或主语从句作主语时,它们通常被视作一个整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。 例题 Learning a foreign language ______ (require) a lot of time and effort. 答案: requires主语是动名词短语 Learning a foreign language。动名词短语作主语,被视为单数概念,谓语动词用单数。 表示一个普遍事实,用一般现在时,故填 requires。 变式题1 What we need most now ______ (be) more time. 答案: is 详解: 主语是一个由 what 引导的主语从句 What we need most now,它被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数 is。 变式题2 To get up early in the winter morning ______ (be) really a challenge for him. 答案: is 详解: 主语是不定式短语 To get up early in the winter morning,被视为单数,谓语动词用 is。 考点四:“the + 形容词”表示抽象概念 当“the + 形容词”表示一种抽象概念或特质时,谓语动词用单数。 例题 The beautiful ______ (give) pleasure to all of us. 答案: gives 此处 The beautiful 并非指“美丽的人们”,而是指“美”这一抽象概念。 表示抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数。普遍真理,用一般现在时,故填 gives。 变式题1 In his philosophy, the unknown ______ (be) always something to be explored. 答案: is 详解: the unknown 在这里指“未知的事物”这一整体概念,是抽象的,谓语动词用单数 is。 变式题2 The accused ______ (stand) in the court, feeling nervous. 答案: stands 详解: 在这个句子中,The accused 更可能指“被告”这一个人(单数),而非一群被告。根据语境,一个人站在法庭上更符合常理,故谓语动词用单数 stands。 考点五:专有名词与形复意单的名词作主语 表示国家、组织、书籍名称等专有名词,以及一些以-s结尾但表示单一概念的学科、疾病名称(如physics, news),谓语动词用单数。 例题 The United Nations ______ (play) an important role in international affairs. 答案: plays主语 The United Nations(联合国)是一个专有名词,代表一个单一组织。 此类专有名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。表示一贯的角色,用一般现在时,故填 plays。 变式题1 Mathematics ______ (be) the language of science. 答案: is 详解: Mathematics(数学)是一门学科,形复意单,谓语动词用单数 is。 变式题2 Great Expectations ______ (be) a novel written by Charles Dickens. 答案: is 详解: 主语 Great Expectations(《远大前程》)是一本书的书名,作为一个整体,谓语动词用单数 is。 考点六:并列主语由and或both...and...连接 由 and 或 both...and... 连接的并列主语,通常表示两个或多个不同的人或事物,谓语动词用复数。 例题 Both the secretary and the manager ______ (agree) with the proposal. 答案: agree主语由 both...and... 连接,分别是 the secretary 和 the manager,这是两个不同的人。 表示不同个体的并列主语,谓语动词用复数。用一般现在时,故填原形 agree。 变式题1 What I say and what I think ______ (be) none of your business. 答案: are 详解: 主语是由 and 连接的两个主语从句 What I say 和 What I think,代表两件不同的事情,谓语动词用复数 are。 变式题2 Bread and butter ______ (be) their daily food. 答案: is 详解:当 and 连接的两个名词表示一个统一的整体概念时,谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter(涂了黄油的面包)在西方被视作一种日常食物,是一个整体概念,故用 is。 考点七:“each/every...and...”结构作主语 由 each...and each... 或 every...and every... 连接的主语,遵循语法一致原则,强调“每一个”,谓语动词用单数。 例题 Every boy and every girl in this class ______ (be) eager to learn. 答案: is主语是由 every...and every... 连接的结构, 此结构强调每一个个体,但整体上遵循语法一致,谓语动词用单数。用一般现在时,故填 is。 变式题1 Each man and each woman ______ (have) the right to vote. 答案: has 详解: Each...and each... 结构作主语,谓语动词用单数。主语是第三人称单数,故填 has。 变式题2 Every student and every teacher ______ (be) required to attend the meeting. 答案: is 详解: Every...and every... 结构,谓语动词用单数。结合被动语态,填 is required。 意义一致原则考点精析与突破 考点一:集合名词作主语 集合名词(如 family, team, group, class, audience, government 等)强调整体时,谓语用单数;强调集体中的个体成员时,谓语用复数。 例题 My family ______ (be) a very big one, but now my family ______ (be) all living in different cities. 答案: is; are 第一空: 此处 family 被看作一个整体(一个大家庭),所以谓语动词用单数 is。 第二空: 此处有 all 一词,明确强调家庭中的个体成员(家人们),所以谓语动词用复数 are。 变式题1 The class ______ (have) elected their monitor, and the class ______ (be) now having an English lesson. 答案: have; is 详解: 第一空描述“选举班长”这个由个体成员完成的行为,强调个体,用复数 have。第二空描述“全班正在上英语课”这个整体活动,强调整体,用单数 is。 变式题2 The audience ______ (be) so large that the audience ______ (be) all asked to be seated. 答案: was; were 详解: 第一空强调整体“观众人数众多”,用单数 was。第二空强调“所有观众”被要求坐下,指个体,用复数 were。 考点二:形复意单的名词作主语 一些以-s结尾的名词,如表示学科、疾病、游戏等,在意义上是抽象的、单一的,谓语动词用单数。 例题 Politics ______ (be) a complicated topic that I know little about. 答案: is此处的 Politics 指的是“政治”这门学科或领域,是一个抽象概念。形复意单的名词,谓语动词用单数。陈述一个事实,用一般现在时,故填 is。 变式题1 The latest news about the election results ______ (be) very surprising. 答案: is 详解: news(消息)形式上是复数,但意义上是单数,谓语动词用单数 is。 变式题2 Measles ______ (take) a long time to get over. 答案: takes 详解: Measles(麻疹)是一种疾病名称,形复意单,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 takes。 考点三:“the + 形容词”表示一类人 当“the + 形容词”表示一类人(如 the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the disabled)时,谓语动词用复数。 例题 In any country, the poor ______ (need) more care and support from the society. 答案: need the poor 指的是“穷人”这个群体,是由多个个体组成的。表示一类人,谓语动词用复数。表示一个普遍需求,用一般现在时,故填原形 need。 变式题1 The injured in the accident ______ (have) been sent to the nearest hospital. 答案: have 详解: The injured 指“受伤者们”,是复数概念。结合现在完成时的被动语态,填 have been。 变式题2 The young ______ (be) always full of hopes and dreams for the future. 答案: are 详解: The young 指“年轻人”这个群体,是复数概念,谓语动词用 are。 考点四:表示数量、度量、距离、金额的短语作主语 当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词被看作一个整体概念时,谓语动词用单数。 例题 One hundred dollars ______ (be) a large amount for a child. 答案: is One hundred dollars 在这里不是指一百张一美元的纸币,而是被看作“一百美元”这个总金额,是一个整体。表示金额的复数名词作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。陈述一个普遍看法,用一般现在时,故填 is。 变式题1 The past ten years ______ (have) witnessed great changes in my hometown. 答案: has 详解: 此处 The past ten years 被看作一个完整的时间段,是一个整体概念,而非十年中的每一年。因此谓语动词用单数 has。类似表达还有 Ten years is a long time. 变式题2 Fifty miles ______ (seem) like a long walk to anyone. 答案: seems 详解: Fifty miles 被看作一个整体的距离单位,谓语动词用单数 seems。 考点五:不定代词all, most, some, half等 + of...作主语 由 all, most, some, half, the rest, the remainder 等加 of 短语构成的主语,其谓语动词的单复数由 of 后面名词 的实际意义决定。 例题 All of the money on the table ______ (belong) to you. But all of the books here ______ (be) mine. 答案: belongs; are 第一空: All of 后面是不可数名词 money,所以主语是单数概念,谓语用单数 belongs。 第二空: All of 后面是复数可数名词 books,所以主语是复数概念,谓语用复数 are。 变式题1 Most of the city ______ (be) covered with trees, and most of the students in our school ______ (be) from the countryside. 答案: is; are 详解: 第一空 city 是单数(被看作一个整体区域),谓语用 is。第二空 students 是复数,谓语用 are。 变式题2 Some of the advice he gave ______ (be) very useful, and some of the apples ______ (be) rotten. 答案: was; were 详解: 第一空 advice 是不可数名词,谓语用单数 was。第二空 apples 是复数,谓语用复数 were。 就近一致原则考点精析与突破 所谓“就近一致原则”,是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的那个主语的单复数形式。 考点一:由 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also... 连接并列主语时 当两个主语由上述并列连词连接时,谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 例题 Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (be) excited about the upcoming trip. 答案:is 详解:句子由 not only...but also... 连接两个主语 the students (复数) 和 the teacher (单数)。谓语动词 be 靠近单数主语 the teacher,因此应用单数形式 is。 变式题1 Either the coach or the players ______ (be) responsible for the loss. 答案:are 详解:由 either...or... 连接 the coach (单数) 和 the players (复数)。谓语动词 be 靠近复数主语 the players,因此应用复数形式 are。 变式题2 Neither the quality nor the price ______ (have) met our expectations. 答案:has 详解:由 neither...nor... 连接 the quality (单数) 和 the price (单数)。谓语动词 have 靠近单数主语 the price,因此应用单数第三人称形式 has。 考点二:在 there be 句型中 在 There be... 句型中,be 动词的单复数通常与最靠近它的那个主语(第一个主语) 保持一致。 例题 There ______ (be) a book, two pencils and an eraser on the desk. 答案:is 详解:在 There be 句型中,第一个主语是 a book (单数),所以 be 动词应用单数形式 is。尽管后面还有复数主语 two pencils,但遵循就近原则。 变式题1 There ______ (be) many applications and one final test before you get the certificate. 答案:are 详解:在 There be 句型中,第一个主语是 many applications (复数),所以 be 动词应用复数形式 are。 变式题2 Look! There ______ (be) a dog and some cats playing in the yard. 答案:is 详解:第一个主语是 a dog (单数),因此 be 动词用 is。 考点三:在倒装句及“Here/Where+be”结构中 在部分倒装句,特别是表地点、方向的介词短语置于句首引起的完全倒装句中,以及 “Here/Where+be” 结构中,谓语动词的单复数也由最靠近它的主语决定。 例题 On the wall ______ (hang) a famous painting and several family photos. 答案:hang 详解:这是一个倒装句,正常语序是 “A famous painting and several family photos hang on the wall.” 在倒装后,谓语动词 hang 靠近第一个主语 a famous painting (单数),但请注意,这里的 hang 作“悬挂”讲时,主语是物,常用主动表被动,其单复数形式不变。但此句更常见的考法是:当第一个主语是单数时,动词用单数。然而,当主语是多个并列项时,谓语动词常用复数。此处 a painting and several photos 是复数概念,所以用 hang。 变式题 Between the two buildings ______ (stand) a tall tree. 答案:stands 详解:介词短语置于句首引起倒装。谓语动词 stand 靠近主语 a tall tree (单数),因此用第三人称单数形式 stands。 一、单句语法填空 1.Not just you but he (like) the country music very much. 【答案】likes 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:不仅你,他也非常喜欢乡村音乐。根据“Not just... but...”连接两个并列主语,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”的语法规则可知,此空应与he保持主谓一致。句子描述客观喜好,应用一般现在时likes。故填likes。 2.Either you or he (have) to stay at home this afternoon. 【答案】has 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:今天下午要么你要么他必须待在家里。根据时间状语this afternoon可知,时态可以用一般现在时。either...or...表示“要么……要么……”,连接两个并列成分作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式由or后面的内容决定,or后面的主语是he,谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 3.Look.There (be) a pair of shoes, a box of apples and some drinks under the table. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:看,桌子下面有一双鞋,一盒苹果和一些饮料。此处为there be句型,表示“存在,有”,句子陈述一般事实,所以用一般现在时态。根据主谓一致的就近原则,a pair of shoes为单数名词,be动词应为is。故填is。 4.There (be) not as much homework as I was used to, but it was still tough for me. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:作业不像我习惯的那么多,但对我来说仍然很难。此处为there be句型,根据“as I was used to”可知,此处描述的是过去的情况,时态用一般过去时,且homework为不可数名词,所以be动词使用was。故填was。 5.Not only the students but also the teacher (show) a great interest in playing football. 【答案】shows 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅学生们而且老师都对踢足球表现出极大的兴趣。分析句子可知,句中使用了“Not only...but also...”(不仅…… 而且……)结构,该结构连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数要遵循“就近原则”,即与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。本句中靠近谓语的主语是“the teacher”(老师),为单数形式。句子描述的是一种当前的状态或爱好,应用一般现在时,因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“shows”。故填shows。 6.Not the expensive gifts but what he said from the heart truly (touch) her soul and makes her feel loved every single day. 【答案】touches 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不是那些昂贵的礼物,而是他发自内心的话真正触动了她的灵魂,让她每天都感受到被爱。根据makes可知,此处使用一般现在时,not…but…连接并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,主语为从句what he said from the heart,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填touches。 7.There are (clinic), schools and other services in this community. 【答案】clinics 【详解】考查名词复数。句意:这个社区有诊所、学校和其他服务机构。此句为there be句型,“________(clinic), schools and other services”作主语,谓语动词用就近原则,由are可知,空处应用名词clinic的复数形式clinics。故填clinics。 8.Not only some of the exchange students but my foreign teacher now (be) fond of Beijing Opera. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅一些交换生,而且我的外教现在都喜欢京剧。由时间状语now可知,句子描述现在的状况,时态应用一般现在时,not only...but (also)...连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”,即与but (also)后的主语保持一致,my foreign teacher是第三人称单数,be动词应用is。故填is。 9.At the moment, there (be) 9,300 openings for nurses across the state, Hochul noted as she hinted that the program may be expanded in the near future. 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:Hochul指出,目前全州有9300个护士职位空缺,她暗示这个项目在不久的将来可能会扩大。句子为there be句型,根据“At the moment”可知,此处描述当前持续的状态,时态应用一般现在时,且主语9,300 openings是复数,be动词应用are。故填are。 10.Not only the children but also the teacher (be) very interested in the game. 【答案】is/was 【详解】考查时态以及主谓一致。句意:不仅孩子们而且老师对这个游戏也很感兴趣。not only...but also连接两个主语时, 谓语应遵循就近一致的原则。本句话既可以是对过去事实的陈述,也可用是对现在事实的陈述,所以可以用一般现在时态或一般过去时。靠近谓语动词的主语是the teacher,所以be动词用is或was。故填is/was。 11.Neither I nor Cathy (do) well in knitting a sweater now. 【答案】does 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:现在我和Cathy都不擅长织毛衣。根据时间状语now可知,句子应用一般现在时,Neither I nor Cathy为句子主语,其谓语动词应遵循就近原则,与最近的主语Cathy保持一致,助动词应用第三人称单数形式does。故填does。 12.It's not my friends but my teacher always (say) that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices. 【答案】says 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:不是我的朋友,而是我的老师总是说每个人都应该能够做出自己的生活方式选择。“not...but...”连接两个并列的主语my friends和my teacher时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,即与靠近它的主语my teacher在数上保持一致,用单数形式;根据always可知,句子描述经常性的动作,用一般现在时。故填says。 13.Not only the foreign students but also the teacher (attract) by the authentic Chinese tea culture so far. 【答案】has been attracted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,不仅外国学生,就连老师也被正宗的中国茶文化所吸引。空处应填谓语动词,由句意及时间状语so far可知应用现在完成时,not only ... but also...连接名词/代词作主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则,the teacher与动词attract之间为被动关系,所以应用现在完成时的被动语态,the teacher为第三人称单数,故填has been attracted。 14.Neither you nor any student in your class (know) the correct answer to such a difficult math problem, even though it’s been covered in class recently. 【答案】knows 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:你和你班上的任何学生都不知道这么难的数学题的正确答案,尽管最近课堂上已经讨论过了。根据“even though it’s been covered in class recently”可知,句子描述的是当前的事实,因此使用一般现在时,neither... nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式与靠近谓语的主语保持一致,any student为单数,know“知道”要用第三人称单数形式。故填knows。 15.Not only the children but also their father (like) watching cartoons. 【答案】likes 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:不仅孩子们而且他们的父亲也喜欢看动画片。“not only...but also...”连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则,靠近谓语动词的“their father”是第三人称单数,所以用“likes”。故填likes。 16.There (be) a dictionary and two books on the desk. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:桌子上有一本词典和两本书。句子描述现在的一般情况,使用一般现在时,there be句型中有并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数应和最近的主语保持一致,a dictionary是单数,所以be动词使用is。故填is。 17.There (be) some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team. 【答案】are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:旅行团中有一些中国人和三位美国人。空处是句子的谓语动词,句子描述的是一个现在的状态或事实,即旅行团当前的构成情况,应用一般现在时,此处构成“there be”结构,表示“有”,be 动词形式就近原则,应与就近主语“some Chinese ”保持一致,主语为复数意义,应用are。故填are。 18.On that day, there (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在那一天,有很多传统的庆祝活动。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近原则”,与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致,后面的中心词是activities,所以要填复数形式,描述一般事实用一般现在时。故填are。 19.Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents (be) fond of watching football matches. 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅周霞而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。分析句子可知,空处是系动词,句子在描述通常性的行为,时态应用一般现在时,not only… but also…结构作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,her parents为复数,be动词应用are。故填are。 20.Not only Mary but also I (have) adapted to the new environment. 【答案】have 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:不仅玛丽,我也适应了新环境。结合语境和空后的adapted可知,此处表示完成的动作,所以用现在完成时。not only…but also…连接的并列成分作主语时,其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致,即与I保持一致,助动词用have。故填have。 21.While we may change friends, the number of people we can keep in touch with (stay) the same in a certain time. 【答案】stays 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:虽然我们可能会更换朋友,但在特定时间内,我们能保持联系的人数是不变的。分析句子结构可知,此空考查谓语动词,主句描述“能保持联系的人数不变”这一客观规律,需用一般现在时;主句主语是“the number of people”(……的数量),中心词number为单数,根据“主谓一致”原则,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填stays。 22.With so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the (expect). 【答案】unexpected 【详解】考查形容词和固定结构。句意:有如此多的艺术家在探索新的可能性,我们肯定可以期待出乎意料的事物。分析句子可知,“the ____ (expect)”部分作宾语,表示“出乎意料的事物”,所给词expect为动词,其派生形容词unexpected表示“意外的”,通过加冠词the可构成名词化的短语the unexpected,指“出乎意料的事物”。故填unexpected。 23.Our teacher tells us that physics (be) a fundamental subject in science. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:我们的老师告诉我们物理是理科的一门基础学科。句中physics(物理学)是学科名词,属于不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式。且句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,故be动词用is。故填is。 24.Do you know when the professor and the writer (be) to come to give us a speech? 【答案】are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:你知道那位教授和那位作家什么时候来给我们作演讲吗?根据句意和空后to come可知,此处应用一般现在时表将来。宾语从句的主语是the professor and the writer,指的是两个人,意思是“那位教授和那位作家”,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。 25.After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper (be) in proper place. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:他们在图书馆做完志愿者后,每一本书和每一份文件都放在了合适的位置。当“each...and each...”结构作主语时,谓语动词需用单数形式。句中主语为each book and each paper,且由前文可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,故be动词用单数过去式was。故填was。 26.—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (invite). 【答案】was invited 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:——昨晚你去看演出了吗?——是的。该地区的每个男孩和女孩都受到了邀请。根据时间状语last night可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。句子的主语是Every boy and girl,“every+单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语时,表示单数概念,谓语动词应用单数。动词invite与主语之间存在被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。 27.The reason why the lake smells terrible is that large quantities of water (pollute) in the last few years. 【答案】have been polluted 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意:湖水这么难闻的原因是,在过去的几年里,大量的水已经被污染了。空处为表语从句的谓语动词,water与pollute之间为被动关系;large quantities of后加名词,谓语动词的形式应与quantities保持一致,用复数形式;再根据时间状语 in the last few years可知,此处用现在完成时。故填have been polluted。 28.The young (be) the vital forces in our society. 【答案】are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:年轻人是我们社会中的重要力量。这里考查谓语动词,此空时态应用一般现在时表客观情况,the young,指“年轻人”这一群体,作主语时视为复数概念,谓语动词用are。故填are。 29.Twenty dollars for the little poor girl (be) too much then. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:那时对于那个可怜的小女孩来说,二十美元太多了。在这个句子中,“Twenty dollars”虽然是一个复数名词短语,但是在这里作为一个整体概念来看待,即一笔金额,因此谓语动词应该用单数形式。同时,根据句子中的时间指示词“then”,表明这是描述过去的情况,所以应使用一般过去时的单数形式was。故填was。 30.To our relief, up to now the (injure) in the crash have been carried to the nearby hospital. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意:令我们宽慰的是,到目前为止,事故中的伤者已经被送往附近的医院。the+形容词表示“一类人”,此处injure的形容词为injured,意为“受伤的”。故填injured。 31.Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs, bowls and plates (be) common in their performances. 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:中国杂技可以追溯到新石器时代,那时古人从日常生活中发展出杂技,用于娱乐和庆祝。在他们表演中,使用桌子、椅子、碗和盘子等日常物品是很常见的。根据前文“when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration(那时古人从日常生活中发展出杂技,用于娱乐和庆祝)”可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作,使用一般过去时,主语为The use,谓语动词使用单数形式。故填was。 32.Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money, which (account for) half of her income. 【答案】accounts for 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意:玛丽经常做些翻译工作来赚取外快,这占了她收入的一半。account for表“(在数量上、比例上)占…比例”。这里时态应与前文保持一致用一般现在时,which指代前面extra money,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填accounts for。 33.Four years in the university (seem) quite short for the students. 【答案】seems  【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:四年的大学生活对这些学生来说似乎太短了。叙述客观情况,句子用一般现在时;主语是表示时间的短语four years,谓语动词用单数形式。故填seems。 34.Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 【答案】has 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:天然气本身没有可识别的气味。但是,我们添加了一种强烈的气味,这样当我们闻到与危险相关的气味时,就可以发出警报。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 35.The whole class (be) greatly moved by his words. 【答案】were 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:全班都被他的话深深感动了。此句陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时,此句话的主语是the whole class,根据句意,此处指的是全班同学,故谓语动词应用复数形式were。故填were。 36.The Chinese badminton team (be) playing magnificently. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:中国羽毛球队打得很好。此处描述正在进行的动作,用现在进行时;team是集体名词,此处强调整体,用单数。故填is。 37.The beautiful (be) not always useful, while the young (be) always striving for something useless. 【答案】 is are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:美丽并不总是有用的,而年轻人总是在追求无用的东西。第一空,句子描述现在的情况,应用一般现在时,“the+形容词”表示抽象概念,谓语用第三人称单数形式,be动词使用is;第二空,句子描述现在正在进行的情况,应用现在进行时,“the+形容词”表示一类人,为复数意义,be动词使用are,与空后的striving 构成现在进行时。故填①is,②are。 38.The injured in the earthquake (send) to the nearest hospital yesterday. 【答案】were sent 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:地震中的伤者昨天被送往最近的医院。主语The injured和动词send之间是被动关系,结合时间状语yesterday可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语“the+形容词”表示一类人,为复数意义,be动词使用were。故填were sent。 39.Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down. 【答案】has 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:已用尽一切办法使那女人平静下来。此空为句子的谓语部分,结合句意以及提示词可知,此处应为现在完成时的被动语态,主语means意为“方式,方法”为单复数同形,every修饰means表示单数意义,所以谓语动词为单数形式。故填has。 40.Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits? The real questions surround not the (wear), but the wearer. 【答案】wearable 【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些工具真的能最大限度地提高你的锻炼效果吗?真正的问题不在于可穿戴设备,而在于穿戴者本身。“定冠词+形容词”表示一类人或事物,此处指的是“可穿戴的设备”,用the+ wearable。故填wearable。 41.Two thirds of my leisure time is spent on reading and the remaining one third (spend) in doing outdoor sports. 【答案】is spent 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:我三分之二的闲暇时间用于阅读,剩余的三分之一用于户外运动。空处作谓语,根据前面的“is spent”可知,时态应保持一致,用一般现在时,spend“花费”和主语the remaining one third之间也是被动关系,同样用被动语态,“分数/百分数+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数,be动词应用is。故填is spent。 42.Not both of them (come) to the party. 【答案】come 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:并非他们俩都来参加派对。come(来;来到)是谓语动词,描述一般性事实或当前的状态,用一般现在时态,“(not) both of+名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。故填come。 43.Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good command of this language. 【答案】enables 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:经常接触英语使我们能够很好地掌握这门语言。分析句子可知,所给词“able”是形容词,意为“有能力的”,而句中缺少谓语动词,需将其转换为动词形式。“enable”是动词,意为“使能够”,符合句意,句子主语“Being exposed to English frequently”是动名词短语,视为单数,且句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“enables”。故填enables。 44.Listening to loud music (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers by now. 【答案】has caused 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,听大声的音乐已经导致了一些青少年的听力丧失。根据时间状语by now可知,此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时。主语是Listening to loud music,动名词短语作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has caused。 45.Being at the right place at the right time (be) decisive in any style of photography. 【答案】is 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在任何摄影风格中,在正确的时间出现在正确的地点都是决定性的。句子在描述一般性的事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语是单个动名词短语,be动词应用is。故填is。 46.Getting young people to take part in all kinds of activities to protect their national heritage (be) a good way to introduce them to their country’s history. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:让年轻人参与各种保护国家遗产的活动是向他们介绍本国历史的好方法。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语动词,根据句意可知,此处描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,动名词短语“Getting young people to…national heritage”作主语时看作单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 47.All possible means (use) to stop the river from being polluted. 【答案】have been used 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:所有可能的方法都已被用来阻止这条河被污染。空处作句子的谓语,时态宜用现在完成时,表示动作已经完成,且对现在有影响,use“使用”和主语means之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语means“方式,方法”被All修饰,是复数意义,助动词应用have。故填have been used。 48.Two thirds of the region (pollute) in the past decade. 【答案】has been polluted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:过去十年,该地区三分之二的地区都被污染了。空处作句子谓语,根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知,句子用现在完成时,主语“Two thirds of the region”和“pollute”之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,主语表示单数概念,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,即has been polluted。故填has been polluted。 49.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】 is than 【详解】考查动词时态、主谓一致和比较级。句意:虽然定期跑步不能让你长生不老,但该评论称,在延长寿命方面,跑步比散步、骑自行车或游泳更有效。根据can’t和says可知,该句描述一般事实,应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知,it指代前文running,主谓一致,空1应用is;根据more effective可知,此处表示比较级,要than构成形容词的比较级。故空1填is;故空2填than。 50.Most of her followers (age) between 20 to 30. 【答案】are aged 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:她的大多数粉丝年龄在20到30岁之间。表示“年龄为多少”的短语为“be aged+数字”,此处陈述事实用一般现在时,主语“Most of her followers”为复数意义,谓语动词用复数,故填are aged。 51.No one but John and his teachers (know) the truth of the experiment. 【答案】knows 【详解】考查动词单三。句意:除了约翰和他的老师,没有人知道实验的真相。but John and his teachers是介词短语,真正主语是No one,单数意义。结合语境,叙述事实情况,应用一般现在时。故填knows。 52.Reading articles and short posts (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements. 【答案】plays 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:阅读文章和短文在整合知识与成果中发挥着重要作用。描述事物的一般情况,句子应用一般现在时,单个动名词作主语,空处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。 53.Look! The guests (show) around the factory. 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:看!客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领,引领)是句中谓语动词,与主语The guests之间是被动关系,结合Look!可知,描述正在发生的事情,用现在进行时的被动语态,又因主语是复数名词,谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 54.When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. 【答案】was struck 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:当我到达那里时,我被白雪覆盖的乡村美景所吸引。此空为主句的谓语动词,根据时间状语从句中的谓语动词arrived可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应使用一般过去时,strike与主语I之间为被动关系,所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第一人称。故填was struck。 55.As we walked into the house we (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking. 【答案】were greeted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:当我们走进房子时,迎接我们的是一股美妙的烘焙气味。根据句中walked可知,句子使用一般过去时,结合语意,greet与主语we之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是we,be动词使用were。故填were greeted。 56.The population in California (explode) over the past few years and the state is faced with great challenges. 【答案】has exploded 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,加利福尼亚州的人口激增,该州面临着巨大的挑战。根据句中的over the past few years可知,谓语动词explode应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,而且还有可能继续下去。主语为population,助动词应用has。故填has exploded。 57.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic (turn) into carbon dioxide. 【答案】is turned 【详解】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意:该研究合著者吴唯民说,24小时之内,塑料就被转化为二氧化碳了。say后接宾语从句,句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时态,此处turn作谓语,与主语the plastic之间为动宾关系,聚苯乙烯是被黄粉虫消化而转化成二氧化碳的,故用被动语态,主语the plastic为不可数名词,助动词应用is。故填is turned。 58.In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites (list) as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. 【答案】were listed 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:2008年,共有46处福建土楼遗址被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。时间状语In 2008表明事情发生在过去,46 Fujiantulou sites与list“把……列入名单”之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。故填were listed。 59.Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain, (remove) due to mobile phones. 【答案】have been removed 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:由于移动电话,到目前为止,成千上万的红色电话亭——英国的旧形象,已经被拆除。主语phone boxes和动词remove之间是被动关系,结合时间状语Up to now可知此处使用现在完成时的被动语态,主语表示复数意义,故填have been removed。 60.Under the sky (rest) a village painted with smaller strokes and finer detail, giving the impression of peace. 【答案】rests 【详解】考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意:天空下有一个村庄,用更小的笔触和更精细的细节画出来,给人一种宁静的感觉。此句子中使用了完全倒装结构,以突出地点状语Under the sky,句中谓语动词rest和主语a village互换了位置。结合句意可知,句子描述是一幅画上的场景,描述客观存在,用一般现在时态,又因主语是单数名词,所以谓语动词也应用单数形式rests。故填rests。 二、翻译 61.年纪越大,你越意识到,重要的不是你想要什么,而是你愿意放弃什么。(not...but...) 【答案】The older you get, the more you realize that what matters is not what you want, but what you are willing to give up. 【详解】考查固定句型、固定短语和动词时态。该句描述的为客观事实,所以从事与一般现在时,结合句意,表示“越……,越……”句型为“the+比较级,the+比较级”, 表示“意识到”应用动词realize,所以表示“年纪越大,你越意识到”应为the older you get, the more you realize,位于句首时第一个the的首字母需大写;表示“重要的不是你想要什么,而是你愿意放弃什么”应为宾语从句作realize的宾语,从句中句子成分和句意完整,所以使用that引导的宾语从句,分析句意可知,宾语从句中涉及主语从句和表语从句,主语从句和表语从句中缺少主语,所指内容为事物,所以使用what引导表示“重要”用matter,所以主语从句应为what matters;表示“是”应为be动词作谓语,主语从句作主语时,谓语应为单数形式,所以be动词应为is;表示“想要什么”应用what you want,作表语;表示“愿意……”应为短语为be willing to do sth.;表示“放弃”应用give up,所以,表示“你愿意放弃什么”应为what you are willing to give up,表示“不是……而是……”短语为not…but…,将两个what引导的表语从句连接。故翻译为The older you get, the more you realize that what matters is not what you want, but what you are willing to give up. 62.他和他的同学都不喜欢放学后补课。(neither...nor...) 【答案】Neither he nor his classmates like taking extra classes after school. 【详解】考查固定句式、主谓一致和动词短语。“neither...nor...”意为“既不……也不……”,主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。his classmates为复数,所以谓语动词用复数。表示“喜欢做某事”可用like doing,表示“补课”用动词短语take extra classes,表示“放学后”用短语after school。故翻译为“Neither he nor his classmates like taking extra classes after school.”。 63.昨晚有许多人等在剧院前想一睹那位歌星的风采。 (there be ) 【答案】There were a lot of people waiting in front of the theatre yesterday evening to have a glance at the star singer. 【详解】考查there be句型、非谓语动词、介词短语和动词短语。“有许多人”用there be句型,yesterday提示用一般过去时,译为there were a lot of people,“等在剧院前”译为wait in front of the theatre,分析句子可知,were是谓语,和动词wait之间没有连词,用非谓语动词,是主动关系用现在分词作定语,“想一睹那位歌星的风采.”表示目的用动词不定式结构,have a glance at表示“一睹”“那位歌星的风采.”是the star singer,故翻译为There were a lot of people waiting in front of the theatre yesterday evening to have a glance at the star singer. 64.允许给三个星期的时间来为考试做准备。(allow for) 【答案】Three weeks was allowed for preparing for the examination. 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和动名词短语作宾语。表示“三周的时间”应用名词短语three weeks,表示时间、距离、度量衡的短语作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式,表示“允许有”应用动词短语allow for,作谓语动词,与主语Three weeks 之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,表示“为考试作准备”应用动词短语 prepare for the examination,此处应用动名词短语作宾语,故翻译为Three weeks was allowed for preparing for the examination。 65.你需要的是一顿好餐。 【答案】What you need is a good meal. 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。“你需要的……”可以用what引导的主语从句表示为what you need,其中what在从句中作宾语,“是”用be动词表示,描述客观情况用一般现在时,一个从句作主语,谓语动词用单数,“一顿好餐”用名词a good meal作表语。故译为What you need is a good meal。 66.重要的不是你在考试中得了几分,而是你是否努力了。(matter  v.) (汉译英) 【答案】What matters is not what score you have got in the exam, but whether you have worked hard. 【详解】考查主语从句,表语从句,动词以及名词。根据句意并分析句子可知,句子描述事实用一般现在时,表示“重要的”应用主语从句what matters;表示“你在考试中得了几分”应用表语从句what score you have got in the exam;表示“你是否努力了”应用表语从句whether you have worked hard;表示“不是...而是”应用 not...but ,结合句子其它成分,并注意主谓一致,故翻译为What matters is not what score you have got in the exam, but whether you have worked hard。 67.在中国,中秋节被认为是家庭团聚的象征。(汉译英) 【答案】In China, the Mid­autumn Festival is recognized to be a symbol of family reunion. 【详解】考查固定短语。“在中国”译为in China,“被认为是”使用固定短语be recognized to be,“家庭团聚的象征”译为a symbol of family reunion,句子是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时,故填In China, the Midautumn Festival is recognized to be a symbol of family reunion. 68.短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么?(account) 【答案】What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos? 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么?”即“什么因素导致了短视频越来越受欢迎?”,“短视频”为“short videos”,“越来越受欢迎”为“growing popularity”,则“短视频越来越受欢迎”为“the growing popularity of short videos”,“导致,解释”为“account for”,句子描述的是客观存在的现状,谓语动词使用一般现在时,主语“什么”为“what”,谓语动词使用单数,故翻译为What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos? 69.这种新产品防水耐高温,卖得很好。(resistant) 【答案】The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well. 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。这种新产品是主语译为“the new product”,短语be resistant to,意为“抵抗……的”,描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语单数,谓语第三人称单数形式,水和高温作宾语,译为“water and heat”,卖得很好译为“sell well”,和前半句并列用and的连接,所以sell也用一般现在时,并且用第三人称单数形式,故翻译为The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well. 70.中国龙在十二生肖中排名第五。 【答案】The Loong ranks the fifth place in the animals of the Chinese Zodiac. 【详解】考查动词、短语以及时态。句子陈述事实,时态使用一般现在时。根据句意,可以把句子写成主谓宾结构,主语“龙”是特指,使用The Loong,谓语动词“排名”使用动词rank,主语是第三人称单数形式,rank应使用ranks;宾语“第五”用the fifth place;“在十二生肖中”是地点状语,可以翻译成in the animals of the Chinese Zodiac。故翻译为The Loong ranks the fifth place in the animals of the Chinese Zodiac. 7 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题19 主谓一致(复习讲义)(广东小高考专用)2026年春季高考英语
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专题19 主谓一致(复习讲义)(广东小高考专用)2026年春季高考英语
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专题19 主谓一致(复习讲义)(广东小高考专用)2026年春季高考英语
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