Unit 2 Home Sweet Home语法专项讲练-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过知识框架系统梳理了情态动词的语法体系，将定义、特征、核心用法及表推测的用法分模块呈现，用要点罗列明确can、must等常见词汇的词义和搭配规则，突出表推测的"情态动词+动词原形/be+v-ing/have+v-ed"结构等重难点，体现知识内在逻辑联系。 讲义亮点在于"分层递进"的练习设计，如练习二要求用must/might/could/can't填空，引导学生辨析不同情态动词的推测语气差异，培养思维品质和语言能力。基础题（单项选择）巩固基础用法，综合题（补全句子）提升灵活运用能力，参考答案助力学生自主核对，教师可据此实施精准分层教学，帮助不同层次学生提升语法应用水平。

Unit 2 Home Sweet Home语法专项讲练人教版八年级英语上册 一、语法核心知识点 （一）定义 情态动词是本身有一定词义，能表达说话人情绪、态度或语气的动词，不能单独作谓语，需与其他动词原形构成谓语。 常见词汇：can、could、may、might、must、have to、should、needn't 等。 （二）特征 1.有词义但不能单独作谓语，需与行为动词或系动词原形连用。 2.无人称和数的变化（have to 除外，第三人称单数用 has to）。 3.后接动词原形。 4.可构成否定句、疑问句及简明答语。 （三）核心用法 1.can：表能力（能、会）、请求许可（可以）、客观可能性（可能会）。 2.could：can 的过去式（表过去能力）、委婉请求 / 建议（非过去式），回答用 can/can't。 3.may：表请求许可（比 can 正式）、可能性（可能）、祝愿（愿）。 4.might：表可能性（比 may 语气弱），用于肯定句和否定句。 5.must：表必须（否定回答用 needn't/don't have to）、禁止（mustn't）、肯定推测（一定）。 6.have to：表客观必要性（不得不），强调外界要求。 （四）表推测的用法 1.must：肯定句中表 “一定”，否定推测用 can't（不可能）。 2.can：疑问句中表 “可能”，can't 表否定推测（不可能）。 3.may/might/could：表把握不大的推测（可能），may not/might not 表 “可能不”。 4.结构：情态动词 + 动词原形（对现在 / 将来推测）、情态动词 + be+v-ing（对正在进行的推测）、情态动词 + have+v-ed（对过去的推测）。 二、巩固练习 练习一：单项选择 1.My little sister ______ speak English when she was three, but now she can talk with foreigners. A. can B. could C. may D. must 2.— ______ I use your dictionary to look up a new word? — Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Should C. May D. Have to 3.You ______ run across the road when the traffic light is red. It's too dangerous. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can D. may 4.— Must we hand in our homework before class tomorrow? — No, you ______. You can give it to me this afternoon. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't 5.Tom ______ be at home now. His bike is still in the school parking lot. A. must B. may C. can't D. might 6.Lisa ______ finish her homework early today because her mom will take her to the zoo. A. has to B. must C. can D. should 7.— ______ you play the piano for us at the party? — Sorry, I can't. I haven't practiced for a long time. A. May B. Can C. Must D. Should 8.The storybook ______ belong to Lily. I saw her reading it yesterday. A. can't B. must C. might D. could 9.It's cloudy outside. It ______ rain this evening, so take an umbrella with you. A. must B. can't C. might D. should 10.— Could you please help me carry this box to the classroom? — Yes, I ______. A. could B. can C. might D. must 练习二：用 must/might/could/can't 填空 1.The red schoolbag ______ be Lucy's. She lost one with a rabbit pattern yesterday. 2.This pair of shoes ______ be Mike's. He wears size 44, but these are size 38. 3.The notebook ______ be Tom's or Sam's. Both of them have the same style. 4.It ______ be Cindy's pencil case. She always uses a blue one with stars. 5.The basketball ______ be Jack's. He doesn't like playing sports at all. 6.Someone is singing in the music room. It ______ be Alice. She has a beautiful voice. 7.The math book ______ belong to our teacher. There are some teaching notes on it. 8.That umbrella ______ be mine. I left mine at home this morning. 9.The pet dog ______ be Lily's. She often takes a white dog for a walk after school. 10.The key ______ be in my schoolbag, but I'm not sure. Let me check. 练习三：补全句子 1. This bike ______ ______ Daming's. He rode it to school yesterday.（一定是）​ 2. That girl ______ ______ ______ might be our new classmate.（戴眼镜的）​ 3. He ______ ______ late because he always arrives at school ten minutes early.（不可能）4. ______ I ______ your pen to do my homework?（可以借）​ 5. All students ______ ______ the school rules.（必须遵守）​ 6. She ______ ______ very high when she was young.（能跳）​ 7. It ______ ______ tomorrow, so we'd better not plan a picnic.（可能下雪）​ 8. You ______ ______ finish all the work today. There will be time tomorrow.（不必）​ 9. That man ______ ______ Mr. Li. He has gone to Shanghai on business.（不可能是）​ 10. ______ you ______ good grades in this English exam!（愿取得） 练习四：根据句意用适当的情态动词填空（10 小题） 1.— ______ you swim in the swimming pool? — Yes, I can. I learned it last summer. 2.We ______ be quiet in the library. It's a rule for everyone. 3.— Must I clean my room right now? — No, you ______. You can do it after dinner. 4.My mom is ill, so I ______ stay at home to take care of her. 5.— Could you tell me the way to the nearest hospital? — Of course, I ______. Go straight and turn left at the first crossing. 6.You ______ eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health. 7.The baby ______ be hungry. She has been crying for half an hour. 8.I ______ speak French when I was a child, but now I've forgotten most of it. 9.— ______ I leave the classroom for a few minutes? — Yes, you may, but come back soon. 10.The door is locked. They ______ not be at home now. 练习五：从方框中选择合适的词填空（can、can't、mustn't、needn't、should） 1.You ______ drink water from the tap directly. It's not safe. 2.If you want to improve your English, you ______ practice speaking every day. 3.— Do I need to bring my own umbrella? — No, you ______. We have extra ones here. 4.My brother ______ play the guitar very well. He has learned it for five years. 5.According to the school rules, students ______ wear earrings or necklaces. 6.It's getting dark. We ______ go home now, or our parents will worry. 7.— ______ you help me solve this math problem? — Sorry, I can't. Maybe you can ask our teacher for help. 8.You ______ worry about the exam. You've prepared well for it. 9.Drivers ______ stop at the red light. It's a traffic rule. 10.She ______ be our new teacher. She looks too young to be a teacher. 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 练习二：用 must/might/could/can't 填空 1.must 2. can't 3. might/could 4. might/could 5. can't 6. might/could 7. must 8. can't 9. might/could 10. might/could 练习三：补全句子 1. must be 2. with glasses 3. can't be 4. May; borrow 5. must follow 6. could jump 7. might rain 8. needn't 9. can't be 10. May; get 练习四：根据句意用适当的情态动词填空 1.Can 2. must 3. needn't/don't have to 4. have to 5. can 6. shouldn't 7. must 8. could 9. May 10. can 练习五：从方框中选择合适的词填空 1.can't 2. should 3. needn't 4. can 5. mustn't 6. should 7. Can 8. needn't 9. must 10. can't 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $