第12讲 概要写作之记叙文、议论文简易速成技巧（复习讲义）（上海高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题12 概要写作之记叙文、议论文简易速成技巧 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：记叙文概要写作 4 考点二：议论文概要写作（重点） 8 实战精练与提升 12 考情解读 一、考试要求 1. 内容要求 需完整覆盖原文核心要点，不遗漏关键信息（如记叙文的情节主线、议论文的论点论据、实验类说明文的实验结果与结论等），同时严禁添加个人主观评价，也不能遗漏原文核心主旨，避免信息偏差或要点残缺。 2. 语言要求 语言需准确规范，无语法、拼写错误；必须进行同义替换与句式改写，杜绝大段照抄原文语句；表达需简洁凝练，适配概要的文体特点，不堆砌冗余修饰。 3. 格式与词数要求 词数严格控制在60 词左右，词数过多或过少都会酌情扣分；无需遵循特殊格式，以连贯的段落呈现即可。 4. 逻辑要求 需遵循原文的逻辑脉络（如时间顺序、论证顺序、实验流程等），通过恰当使用衔接词串联要点，保证概要逻辑连贯、条理清晰，让读者能快速把握原文核心框架。 二、命题分析 语篇特征 1. 体裁集中且全面：以说明文（含一般说明文、实验研究类说明文）为主流，偶考记叙文、议论文，覆盖实用类与文学类基础体裁，适配概要写作的信息概括需求； 2. 篇幅规范：原文长度通常稳定在 350 词左右，信息量适中，既保证有足够要点可提炼，又避免考生因篇幅过长遗漏核心内容； 3. 结构清晰：语篇逻辑严谨，多采用总分、总分总、时间顺序或因果链结构，如实验类说明文固定呈现 “背景 - 目的 - 方法 - 结果 - 结论” 框架，便于考生定位要点。 核心考查 1. 信息提炼能力：重点考查筛选核心要点、剔除对话、细节描写、重复例证等冗余信息的能力，如记叙文需提炼情节主线，议论文需精准抓取中心论点； 2. 语言转换能力：考查同义替换、句式改写（如长难句简化、主动与被动转换）能力，杜绝照抄原文，同时要求语言简洁准确，无语法错误； 3. 逻辑整合能力：要求考生按原文逻辑（如时间、因果、递进）串联要点，通过衔接词体现信息关联性，保证概要逻辑连贯； 4. 词数把控能力：需严格控制词数在规定范围（通常 60词左右），考查语言压缩与精准表达的平衡能力。 命题特色 1. 选材贴近热点与生活：主题多围绕科技发展、生态环保、校园生活、成长启示、社会现象等，既贴合学生认知范围，又兼顾时代性，如曾涉及人工智能应用、垃圾分类、阅读习惯等主题； 2. 命题稳定且具区分度：体裁与难度常年保持稳定，避免大幅波动，同时通过语篇逻辑复杂度、词汇难度的细微调整区分考生水平，如实验类语篇会通过数据呈现增加要点提炼难度； 3. 聚焦实用语言能力：命题不侧重偏难语法或生僻词汇，而是聚焦学术与日常场景中的实用概括能力，契合英语学科 “语言运用” 的核心目标，评分也侧重内容完整性与语言连贯性，导向明确。 三、写作步骤 一）、抓住主旨 把握重点 通读全文，把握文本的篇章结构和行文逻辑，从宏观上抓住文本主旨。在此基础上设法从某一段落中找到一个能够概括全篇的支持句。 二）、概括段意 整合要点 在抓住主旨，把握重点之后，要根据每段的主题句和重点内容归纳出每段的段落大意；要点来自于段落大意，而要点全又是评分的重要方面。 三）、转换表达 连句成篇 所谓转换表达就是将整合或提炼出的要点采用各种各样的方式转换表达出来(避免整句照抄原文)。转换表达的方法。主要有：同义转换法、正反转换法、词性转换法、句式转换法。将转换后的要点按照一定的逻辑顺序并使用衔接、过渡词语连句成篇，形成初稿。 知识梳理 考点精讲 · 考点一：记叙文概要写作 解题策略 1. 速抓核心：通读锁定人物、事件因果、结果及情感 / 主题，标记情节转折点。 2. 筛除冗余：保留核心情节，剔除对话、环境、动作等细节描写。 3. 精简串联：按时间顺序串联，用同义替换和短句表达，加过渡词保连贯，严控词数。 4. 核对纠错：确认要点无遗漏，时态统一（多为过去时），无语法与主观评价错误。 （一）记叙文概要写作技巧 记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。  1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。  叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。  2. 写人的记叙文（Description）。  写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。 （二）记叙文概要写作模板及句型 记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示： 记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how Who did what by…because… 1.通用模板示例 开头：The story mainly tells about...（点明故事主要围绕什么展开，填入主要人物及大致主题） 主体内容：Firstly, （描述故事开头的关键事件及人物行为）. Then, （接着阐述事件的发展情况）. After that, （继续说明后续重要情节，比如遇到的问题或转折等）. 结尾：Finally, （总结故事的结局，如人物最终的情况、问题的解决结果等）. 2.常用句型 · 描述人物行为： The main character decided to...（主要人物决定做……） He/She tried hard to...（他 / 她努力去……） · 体现事件发展顺序： At the beginning of the story,...（在故事开始时……） As the story went on,...（随着故事的发展……） · 表达结果或结局： In the end, he/she managed to...（最后，他 / 她成功地……） Eventually, the problem was solved and...（最终，问题被解决了并且……） · 转折与对比： However, things didn't go as expected.（然而，事情并没有如预期那样发展。） Unlike what he/she thought before,...（不像他 / 她之前所想的那样……） 总之，上海高考英语记叙文概要写作需要考生仔细分析文本，遵循合理的步骤和运用恰当的技巧、句型，准确概括出文章的核心内容，达到概要写作的要求。 （三）记叙文概要写作典例剖析 (2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Price of Winning Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals. The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they’re only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they’re often benched. They start to believe they’re only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy. Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball — but not on a team. He’s at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he’s much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：介绍背景，年轻人对输赢的看法与教练和家长的看法不同。 第2段：分析过度强调胜利对孩子的负面影响。 第3段：指出这种压力对孩子的心理影响。 第4段：总结问题，并提出对孩子真正有益的支持方式。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.背景 ①Angus，mistake，coach，winning，teens，fun，team 2.负面影响 ②pressure，drives away，examined，shout，errors，judged 3.心理影响 ③anxiety，praised，self-confidence，burden 4.总结 ④quit，attitude，support，encouragement 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Angus sits on the bench because he made a mistake. Teens focus on fun, but coaches and parents focus on winning. （安格斯因失误被罚坐板凳。青少年注重乐趣，而教练和家长注重胜利。） 第2段：Pressure to win drives kids away. Coaches and parents constantly shout instructions and criticize errors. （对胜利的压力使孩子们远离运动。教练和家长不断喊叫指令并批评错误。） 第3段：Kids feel anxious and lose confidence because they’re only praised for results. Sports become a burden. （孩子们因只被表扬结果而感到焦虑，失去信心，运动变成负担。） 第4段：Many kids quit sports. Young athletes need support and encouragement, not just pressure to win. （许多孩子放弃运动。年轻运动员需要支持和鼓励，而不仅仅是胜利的压力。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”连接青少年和教练/家长的不同观点。 使用“Instead of”和“Rather than”表达对比。 使用“Because”和“so”连接因果关系。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 概要写作答案（60词左右） Angus sits on the bench because he made a mistake. Teens focus on fun, but coaches and parents focus on winning. Pressure to win drives kids away. Coaches and parents constantly shout instructions and criticize errors. Kids feel anxious and lose confidence because they’re only praised for results. Sports become a burden. Many kids quit sports. Young athletes need support and encouragement, not just pressure to win. In competitive events, young players are always expected perfection by their coaches and parents, which has a negative impact on teenagers. Not only does it cause that teenagers prefer to sit on the sidelines instead of taking a positive in the events, but also the focus on results can also make them feel frustrated. If adults change their attitude, young athletes will build up confidence and inspire potential. · 考点二：议论文概要写作 解题策略 1. 定位论点：通读全文快速锁定核心论点及分论点，明确作者立场，标记各段主题句，把握文章整体结构（如总分总、正反对比）。 2. 提炼论据：筛选支撑论点的关键论据，合并同类例证或数据，剔除重复、次要的细节案例，不陷入具体论据的繁琐描述。 3. 逻辑串联：按原文论证逻辑串联论点与论据，用 “Firstly”“In contrast” 等衔接词体现逻辑关系；通过同义替换、句式改写精简表达，杜绝照抄原文。 4. 核对完善：确认论点、核心论据、结论无遗漏，语言客观无主观评价，词数合规，语法与时态准确。 （一）议论文概要写作技巧 议论文（Argumentation）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。 （二）议论文概要写作模板及句型 议论文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 1. 常用模板 · 观点对比类： The article discusses the pros and cons of [主题]，arguing that [观点1]，while [观点2] 。 · 问题解决类： The article addresses the issue of [问题]，analyzing its causes and proposing solutions such as [解决方法1] and [解决方法2] 。 · 道理/观点论证类： The article argues that [观点]，supporting this claim with evidence from [论据1] and [论据2] 。 · 说明利弊类： The article examines the advantages and disadvantages of [主题]，highlighting [优势] and [劣势] 。 · 描述现象： The article highlights the issue of [现象]，which has [影响] 。 · 分析原因： The main reasons for [现象] include [原因1] and [原因2] 。 · 提出建议： To address [问题]，the author suggests [建议] 。 2. 常用句型 · 提出论点： The author holds the view that...（作者认为……） It is argued in the article that...（文章中主张……） · 列举论据： For example/instance,...（例如……） According to the statistics,...（根据统计数据……） As is stated by...（正如…… 所说） · 体现逻辑关系： On one hand... On the other hand...（一方面…… 另一方面……） Not only... but also...（不但…… 而且……） By contrast,...（相比之下……） · 总结强调： All in all,...（总而言之……） To sum up,...（总之……） In short,...（简言之……） （三）议论文概要写作典例剖析 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2025-2026学年高三上学期英语10月月考试题 Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasant way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people bail it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of Oates’ studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕阅读小说展开，先提出小说是否仅为消遣还是有益生活的疑问，接着通过小说家凯莉・欧茨的两项研究，说明阅读小说能增强共情能力、提升解读他人想法和感受的社交思维能力。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文篇章结构为 “引论 — 本论” 式： 第 1 段：提出核心疑问，即阅读小说是单纯消遣还是对生活有益。 第 2 段：指出小说能带领读者体验不同场景、认识不同的人，这是其潜在益处。 第 3-4 段：通过凯莉・欧茨的两项研究，具体论证阅读小说的实际好处。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 疑问 ①fiction reading，pass the time，benefit our lives 2. 小说特点 ②transport to different places，introduce various people 3-4. 研究结论 ③sympathize with characters，improve social thinking，interpret others' thoughts and feelings 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1-2 段：Fiction reading is enjoyable and can take readers to different places and introduce them to various people.（阅读小说令人愉悦，还能带领读者去往不同地方、认识各类人群。） 第 3-4 段：Studies by Carrie Oates show it enhances empathy and social thinking, helping people better interpret others' thoughts and feelings in real life.（凯莉・欧茨的研究表明，阅读小说能增强共情能力和社交思维，帮助人们在现实生活中更好地解读他人的想法和感受。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接用 “Moreover” 衔接小说的特点与研究结论，使逻辑更连贯；用 “helping” 作结果状语，简化句式。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 【答案01】       Reading Fiction is joyful and beneficial to our lives.（有好处；1分）We can be led to where we can’t go in real life, and introduced to different people.（不同的地方和人；1分）Oates finds that fiction reading enables us to better identify characters（认同角色；1分）, thus changing our personalities（改变性格-细节一1分）.This understanding interprets others’ mind and feelings（更能解析别人的情感；1分）, becoming more socially knowledgeable in reality（使人更博学或更理解周围人-细节二1分）.（共57词） 【答案02】   Fiction reading is enjoyable as it transports readers to different places and introduces various people. Moreover, Carrie Oates’ studies prove it boosts empathy and social thinking, enabling people to better understand others’ thoughts and feelings in real life. 实战训练 一、名校最新试题 Passage 1 【来源】上海市普陀区曹杨中学2025-2026学年高三9月月考英语试卷 Privacy Concerns with Google’s Data Collection As Google expanded its services, the company faced increasing criticism over its handling of user data, particularly with its email service, Gmail. Gmail, which offers free email accounts, funds itself through targeted advertising. To deliver these ads, Google analyzes the content of users’ emails to identify relevant keywords. This practice, while effective for ad targeting, raised significant privacy concerns. Many users felt uncomfortable with the idea of their emails being scanned, even if it was done by algorithms (算法) rather than humans. They argued that this practice constituted an invasion of privacy, despite Google’s assurances that the content was only analyzed by automated systems. Google defended its approach by pointing out that other email services use similar methods to fight spam (垃圾邮件) and show more relevant ads. However, the controversy revealed a broader issue regarding the extent to which companies should be allowed to analyze user data for commercial purposes. The privacy debate extended beyond Gmail to other Google services, such as Google Street View. This service, which provides images of streets around the world, was intended to enhance user experience by offering detailed visual maps. However, many individuals and governments expressed concerns over the potential for misuse of these images, particularly regarding privacy and security. Some argued that the ability to view detailed street-level images could pose risks if used for harmful purposes. In response to these concerns, Google took measures to blur (模糊) faces and license plates in its Street View images. Despite these efforts, the debate about privacy continued, as critics worried about the broader implications of Google’s data collection practices. As Google addressed these complex issues, it became evident that the challenge of balancing innovation with privacy was an ongoing struggle, reflecting broader societal concerns about data security in the digital age. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Google faced criticism for collecting user data, particularly through Gmail’s ad-targeting email scanning, raising privacy concerns despite automated analysis. Google Street View also sparked debates over privacy risks from street-level images, prompting measures like face-blurring. The controversy highlighted the ongoing challenge of balancing innovation with privacy in the digital age. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了谷歌数据收集引发的隐私问题，如Gmail邮件扫描和街景图像带来的争议，以及平衡创新与隐私的挑战。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①As Google expanded its services, the company faced increasing criticism over its handling of user data, particularly with its email service, Gmail. ②This practice, while effective for ad targeting, raised significant privacy concerns. ③The privacy debate extended beyond Gmail to other Google services, such as Google Street View. ④However, many individuals and governments expressed concerns over the potential for misuse of these images, particularly regarding privacy and security. ⑤In response to these concerns, Google took measures to blur (模糊) faces and license plates in its Street View images. ⑥As Google addressed these complex issues, it became evident that the challenge of balancing innovation with privacy was an ongoing struggle, reflecting broader societal concerns about data security in the digital age. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行归纳总结。 3. 遣词造句 Google faced criticism for collecting user data, particularly through Gmail’s ad-targeting email scanning, raising privacy concerns despite automated analysis. Google Street View also sparked debates over privacy risks from street-level images, prompting measures like face-blurring. The controversy highlighted the ongoing challenge of balancing innovation with privacy in the digital age. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Google faced criticism for collecting user data, particularly through Gmail’s ad-targeting email scanning, raising privacy concerns despite automated analysis. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] Google Street View also sparked debates over privacy risks from street-level images, prompting measures like face-blurring.(运用了现在分词作状语) Passage 2 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 The wages of equality: A world of unfinished business Over the past several decades, women’s economic contributions have become vital to household management and consumer spending. However, despite their growing presence in the workforce, women often face challenges related to wage differences. One of the major reasons for this persistent wage gap is that, across various countries, discrimination in hiring and educational opportunities still plays a part, though it has become less common. In many regions, discrimination’s impact is declining, but it still contributes significantly to pay gaps. Efforts to close the gender wage gap are not merely about equality — they also have significant economic implications. Economists and labor experts argue that the wage gap acts as a drag on productivity. Countries that ignore this issue may struggle economically by not fully using the talents of educated women. Moreover, closing the wage gap has the potential to empower women economically and provide greater autonomy, leading to a host of social and policy changes. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), wage inequality is shaped by geography and national policies. For example, in the late 1990s, the wage gap was narrowest in Belgium, France, and Sweden but more pronounced in countries like Japan, Spain, and Italy. Further complicating matters is the influence of free-market forces on wage inequality. As economies have shifted away from heavy regulation, the gap between high-and low-income workers has grown. Highly paid professionals have increasingly pulled ahead, while lower-paid workers struggle to keep pace, deepening the overall wage inequality across industries. Addressing these gaps is challenging. Policymakers need to make sure gender equality measures are not only implemented but also work well within the economy. This requires continuous monitoring and adjustments to ensure that policies effectively reduce gaps without creating unintended consequences. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Over recent decades, women’s economic contributions to households and consumption have grown vital. However, they still face wage gaps due to lingering discrimination in hiring and education, plus influences of geography, national policies, and free-market forces. Closing these gaps matters for productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change, so policymakers must ensure effective, monitored equality measures to tackle gaps without side-effects. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。 文章论述了近几十年来，女性在家庭和消费方面的经济贡献愈发重要，但仍因招聘和教育中存在的歧视，以及地理、国家政策、自由市场力量等因素面临工资差距；缩小该差距对生产力、女性赋权和社会变革意义重大，政策制定者需确保平等措施有效实施且受监控，同时避免产生副作用。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Genre: Expository text on women’s economic status. ②Women’s economic contributions: Over recent decades, their economic contributions to households and consumption have become increasingly important. ③Problems faced: Still face wage gaps due to discrimination in hiring and education, as well as influences from geography, national policies, and free-market forces. ④Significance of narrowing the gap: Of great significance to productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change. ⑤Relevant measures: Policymakers need to ensure that equality measures are effectively implemented and monitored, while avoiding side effects. 2.缜密构思 将1、2点进行整合，3点独立概括，4、5点重新组合 3.遣词造句 Over recent decades, women’s economic contributions to households and consumption have grown vital. However, they still face wage gaps due to lingering discrimination in hiring and education, plus influences of geography, national policies, and free-market forces. Closing these gaps matters for productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change, so policymakers must ensure effective, monitored equality measures to tackle gaps without side-effects. 【点睛】【高分句型1】However, they still face wage gaps due to lingering discrimination in hiring and education, plus influences of geography, national policies, and free-market forces.运用非谓语动词动名词作due to的宾语，对第二段进行概括，语言高级。 【高分句型2】Closing these gaps matters for productivity, women’s empowerment, and social change, so policymakers must ensure effective, monitored equality measures to tackle gaps without side-effects.运用了连词so表示因果关系，以及非谓语动词不定式作目的状语，对三、四、五、六段进行概括，语言高级。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市川沙中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月阶段考英语试题 The Future of Journalism Journalism has changed a lot over the years. It used to be clear who a journalist was—they had a degree, worked for a newspaper, TV, or radio, and spent their days reporting and writing. But now, the distinction between professional journalists and the general public has become less defined. Today, anyone with a smartphone can be a journalist. If you’re at the scene of a news event, you can record it and share it instantly online. There’s no need to wait for a professional journalist to interview you when you can tell the story yourself. With the rise of social media platforms, more and more people are becoming “citizen journalists”. These platforms allow anyone to report on events, share their opinions, and even break news before traditional media outlets. This has led to the emergence of many independent news sites and blogs that give a voice to people who were previously unheard. For example, in South Korea, a site called Ohmynews has 26,000 citizen reporters who share news and stories every day. However, when this trend of citizen journalism began, traditional media didn’t take it seriously. Established news organizations were doubtful of amateur journalists who lacked professional training. However, this perception is changing. Major news outlets are starting to hire individuals from these new media sources, recognizing that citizen journalists can offer fresh perspectives that connect with the public. Of course, the rise of participatory journalism has also brought challenges. Some critics argue that news shared on social media can be misleading or even false. There are concerns about “fake news” spreading quickly without being properly checked. For instance, during the 2011 London unrest, social media was used to spread false information, leading to confusion and panic. It’s clear that journalism is evolving. As more people become involved in reporting and sharing news, it’s important for everyone to develop strong critical thinking skills. Being able to question and check information is more crucial than ever. An informed and thoughtful public is essential for a healthy society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The future of journalism is marked by the rise of citizen journalism through social media, blurring traditional boundaries. While it diversifies news sources, challenges like fake news emerge, necessitating public critical thinking. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了新闻业的未来发展趋势，指出社交媒体的普及使得公民新闻兴起，模糊了传统新闻行业的界限。这一变化既丰富了新闻来源，也带来了虚假新闻等挑战，因此公众需要培养批判性思维能力。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But now, the distinction between professional journalists and the general public has become less defined. ②Today, anyone with a smartphone can be a journalist. ③With the rise of social media platforms, more and more people are becoming “citizen journalists”. ④These platforms allow anyone to report on events, share their opinions, and even break news before traditional media outlets. ⑤Some critics argue that news shared on social media can be misleading or even false. ⑥It’s important for everyone to develop strong critical thinking skills. 2.填空构思 将①-④整合为公民记者的兴起现象，⑤说明其挑战，⑥提出解决方案。 3.遣词造句 The future of journalism is evolving with citizen journalists playing a significant role through social media, blurring traditional professional boundaries. While this democratization brings diverse voices, it also raises concerns about misinformation, underscoring the need for public media literacy. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The future of journalism is marked by the rise of citizen journalism through social media, blurring traditional boundaries.（运用了现在分词“blurring”作结果状语） 【高分句型2】While it diversifies news sources, challenges like fake news emerge, necessitating public critical thinking.（运用了“While”引导的让步状语从句） 二、真题演练 2018年6月高考 Becoming an attractive employee The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it is especially important for those new to the workforce. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers. For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise in technology, marketing, and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning, along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments. Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee?” In today’s tough job market. young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案: How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resume the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration. Due to financial crisis, young people should appear fully attractive to attach to employers. Firstly, information technology skills are preferred in multitask because of its increasing importance. Besides, experience involving teamwork and valuable personal qualities is also of great value. Finally, employees should express their genunie hopes to show a great attitude to the job. All above contributes to hiring.(9分) Since the economy is not good at all, it's essential for employees to become attractive. First, information technology skills are more nature for the young and important to get a job. Second, experience with group operation that needs management and variety is also important. Third, becoming humble and having a right attitude is also the employers are looking for.(8分) Because of the financial crisis, the job seekers should be more attractive to apply for jobs. People should pay more attention to show their skillful expertise and their various experience working with others or their memberships. What’s more, keeping humble is important when you are in an interview. With this ideas, job seeker will get their ideal jobs.(6分) After the financial crisis, being an attractive employee is important. Different skills in modern fields can make employers more easily find their job and show themselves. Rich working experience can help you survive in tough working surroundings well. And not being so confident is also very important for finding jobs.(不到6分) 【分析】本文主要介绍了年轻人如何吸引他们未来的雇主。首先，他们需要展示自己在信息技术方面的知识和技能。第二，他们应该在简历中包含反映他们合作精神和目标导向的经历。最后，他们需要采取正确的态度，也就是考虑未来雇主的期望。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① …it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. ② For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. ③ They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. ④ Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. ⑤ Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. ⑥ In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee?" 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 They need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. They should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. 【点睛】[高分句型1] They should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented.该句运用了定语从句和宾语从句对要点4进行了重组，使句子结构复杂高级； [高分句型2] they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.该句用“that is, …”引出了同位关系，对要点5和6进行了整合，表意清晰，言简意赅。 A 在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点 B 在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点 (1) They need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. (2) They should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. (3) They need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration. C 必须包含主题句及涵盖三个要点（可以不展开） 主题句需表达的意思：How can young people attract their future employers? 或 How do young job seekers strategize the approach to job application? 三个要点：information technology skills， experience, attitudes D 1.只提到三个要点，但没有主题句 2.有主题句，但三个要点只提到两个 E 1.只提到一个或两个要点，但没有主题句 2.有主题句，但三个要点只提到一个 1. 如字数超6个（一行）以内（包括6个），在得分基础上扣1分，如字数超过6个以上得分基础上扣2分。 2. 如果有一处和一处以上连续5个单词与原文相同。在得分基础上扣1分。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 概要写作之记叙文、议论文简易速成技巧 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：记叙文概要写作 4 考点二：议论文概要写作（重点） 8 实战精练与提升 12 考情解读 一、考试要求 1. 内容要求 需完整覆盖原文核心要点，不遗漏关键信息（如记叙文的情节主线、议论文的论点论据、实验类说明文的实验结果与结论等），同时严禁添加个人主观评价，也不能遗漏原文核心主旨，避免信息偏差或要点残缺。 2. 语言要求 语言需准确规范，无语法、拼写错误；必须进行同义替换与句式改写，杜绝大段照抄原文语句；表达需简洁凝练，适配概要的文体特点，不堆砌冗余修饰。 3. 格式与词数要求 词数严格控制在60 词左右，词数过多或过少都会酌情扣分；无需遵循特殊格式，以连贯的段落呈现即可。 4. 逻辑要求 需遵循原文的逻辑脉络（如时间顺序、论证顺序、实验流程等），通过恰当使用衔接词串联要点，保证概要逻辑连贯、条理清晰，让读者能快速把握原文核心框架。 二、命题分析 语篇特征 1. 体裁集中且全面：以说明文（含一般说明文、实验研究类说明文）为主流，偶考记叙文、议论文，覆盖实用类与文学类基础体裁，适配概要写作的信息概括需求； 2. 篇幅规范：原文长度通常稳定在 350 词左右，信息量适中，既保证有足够要点可提炼，又避免考生因篇幅过长遗漏核心内容； 3. 结构清晰：语篇逻辑严谨，多采用总分、总分总、时间顺序或因果链结构，如实验类说明文固定呈现 “背景 - 目的 - 方法 - 结果 - 结论” 框架，便于考生定位要点。 核心考查 1. 信息提炼能力：重点考查筛选核心要点、剔除对话、细节描写、重复例证等冗余信息的能力，如记叙文需提炼情节主线，议论文需精准抓取中心论点； 2. 语言转换能力：考查同义替换、句式改写（如长难句简化、主动与被动转换）能力，杜绝照抄原文，同时要求语言简洁准确，无语法错误； 3. 逻辑整合能力：要求考生按原文逻辑（如时间、因果、递进）串联要点，通过衔接词体现信息关联性，保证概要逻辑连贯； 4. 词数把控能力：需严格控制词数在规定范围（通常 60词左右），考查语言压缩与精准表达的平衡能力。 命题特色 1. 选材贴近热点与生活：主题多围绕科技发展、生态环保、校园生活、成长启示、社会现象等，既贴合学生认知范围，又兼顾时代性，如曾涉及人工智能应用、垃圾分类、阅读习惯等主题； 2. 命题稳定且具区分度：体裁与难度常年保持稳定，避免大幅波动，同时通过语篇逻辑复杂度、词汇难度的细微调整区分考生水平，如实验类语篇会通过数据呈现增加要点提炼难度； 3. 聚焦实用语言能力：命题不侧重偏难语法或生僻词汇，而是聚焦学术与日常场景中的实用概括能力，契合英语学科 “语言运用” 的核心目标，评分也侧重内容完整性与语言连贯性，导向明确。 三、写作步骤 一）、抓住主旨 把握重点 通读全文，把握文本的篇章结构和行文逻辑，从宏观上抓住文本主旨。在此基础上设法从某一段落中找到一个能够概括全篇的支持句。 二）、概括段意 整合要点 在抓住主旨，把握重点之后，要根据每段的主题句和重点内容归纳出每段的段落大意；要点来自于段落大意，而要点全又是评分的重要方面。 三）、转换表达 连句成篇 所谓转换表达就是将整合或提炼出的要点采用各种各样的方式转换表达出来(避免整句照抄原文)。转换表达的方法。主要有：同义转换法、正反转换法、词性转换法、句式转换法。将转换后的要点按照一定的逻辑顺序并使用衔接、过渡词语连句成篇，形成初稿。 知识梳理 考点精讲 · 考点一：记叙文概要写作 解题策略 1. 速抓核心：通读锁定人物、事件因果、结果及情感 / 主题，标记情节转折点。 2. 筛除冗余：保留核心情节，剔除对话、环境、动作等细节描写。 3. 精简串联：按时间顺序串联，用同义替换和短句表达，加过渡词保连贯，严控词数。 4. 核对纠错：确认要点无遗漏，时态统一（多为过去时），无语法与主观评价错误。 （一）记叙文概要写作技巧 记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。  1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。  叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。  2. 写人的记叙文（Description）。  写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。 （二）记叙文概要写作模板及句型 记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示： 记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how Who did what by…because… 1.通用模板示例 开头：The story mainly tells about...（点明故事主要围绕什么展开，填入主要人物及大致主题） 主体内容：Firstly, （描述故事开头的关键事件及人物行为）. Then, （接着阐述事件的发展情况）. After that, （继续说明后续重要情节，比如遇到的问题或转折等）. 结尾：Finally, （总结故事的结局，如人物最终的情况、问题的解决结果等）. 2.常用句型 · 描述人物行为： The main character decided to...（主要人物决定做……） He/She tried hard to...（他 / 她努力去……） · 体现事件发展顺序： At the beginning of the story,...（在故事开始时……） As the story went on,...（随着故事的发展……） · 表达结果或结局： In the end, he/she managed to...（最后，他 / 她成功地……） Eventually, the problem was solved and...（最终，问题被解决了并且……） · 转折与对比： However, things didn't go as expected.（然而，事情并没有如预期那样发展。） Unlike what he/she thought before,...（不像他 / 她之前所想的那样……） 总之，上海高考英语记叙文概要写作需要考生仔细分析文本，遵循合理的步骤和运用恰当的技巧、句型，准确概括出文章的核心内容，达到概要写作的要求。 （三）记叙文概要写作典例剖析 (2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Price of Winning Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals. The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they’re only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they’re often benched. They start to believe they’re only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy. Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball — but not on a team. He’s at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he’s much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：介绍背景，年轻人对输赢的看法与教练和家长的看法不同。 第2段：分析过度强调胜利对孩子的负面影响。 第3段：指出这种压力对孩子的心理影响。 第4段：总结问题，并提出对孩子真正有益的支持方式。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.背景 ①Angus，mistake，coach，winning，teens，fun，team 2.负面影响 ②pressure，drives away，examined，shout，errors，judged 3.心理影响 ③anxiety，praised，self-confidence，burden 4.总结 ④quit，attitude，support，encouragement 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Angus sits on the bench because he made a mistake. Teens focus on fun, but coaches and parents focus on winning. （安格斯因失误被罚坐板凳。青少年注重乐趣，而教练和家长注重胜利。） 第2段：Pressure to win drives kids away. Coaches and parents constantly shout instructions and criticize errors. （对胜利的压力使孩子们远离运动。教练和家长不断喊叫指令并批评错误。） 第3段：Kids feel anxious and lose confidence because they’re only praised for results. Sports become a burden. （孩子们因只被表扬结果而感到焦虑，失去信心，运动变成负担。） 第4段：Many kids quit sports. Young athletes need support and encouragement, not just pressure to win. （许多孩子放弃运动。年轻运动员需要支持和鼓励，而不仅仅是胜利的压力。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”连接青少年和教练/家长的不同观点。 使用“Instead of”和“Rather than”表达对比。 使用“Because”和“so”连接因果关系。 · 考点二：议论文概要写作 解题策略 1. 定位论点：通读全文快速锁定核心论点及分论点，明确作者立场，标记各段主题句，把握文章整体结构（如总分总、正反对比）。 2. 提炼论据：筛选支撑论点的关键论据，合并同类例证或数据，剔除重复、次要的细节案例，不陷入具体论据的繁琐描述。 3. 逻辑串联：按原文论证逻辑串联论点与论据，用 “Firstly”“In contrast” 等衔接词体现逻辑关系；通过同义替换、句式改写精简表达，杜绝照抄原文。 4. 核对完善：确认论点、核心论据、结论无遗漏，语言客观无主观评价，词数合规，语法与时态准确。 （一）议论文概要写作技巧 议论文（Argumentation）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。 （二）议论文概要写作模板及句型 议论文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 1. 常用模板 · 观点对比类： The article discusses the pros and cons of [主题]，arguing that [观点1]，while [观点2] 。 · 问题解决类： The article addresses the issue of [问题]，analyzing its causes and proposing solutions such as [解决方法1] and [解决方法2] 。 · 道理/观点论证类： The article argues that [观点]，supporting this claim with evidence from [论据1] and [论据2] 。 · 说明利弊类： The article examines the advantages and disadvantages of [主题]，highlighting [优势] and [劣势] 。 · 描述现象： The article highlights the issue of [现象]，which has [影响] 。 · 分析原因： The main reasons for [现象] include [原因1] and [原因2] 。 · 提出建议： To address [问题]，the author suggests [建议] 。 2. 常用句型 · 提出论点： The author holds the view that...（作者认为……） It is argued in the article that...（文章中主张……） · 列举论据： For example/instance,...（例如……） According to the statistics,...（根据统计数据……） As is stated by...（正如…… 所说） · 体现逻辑关系： On one hand... On the other hand...（一方面…… 另一方面……） Not only... but also...（不但…… 而且……） By contrast,...（相比之下……） · 总结强调： All in all,...（总而言之……） To sum up,...（总之……） In short,...（简言之……） （三）议论文概要写作典例剖析 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2025-2026学年高三上学期英语10月月考试题 Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasant way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people bail it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of Oates’ studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalized version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feelings than those who didn’t. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕阅读小说展开，先提出小说是否仅为消遣还是有益生活的疑问，接着通过小说家凯莉・欧茨的两项研究，说明阅读小说能增强共情能力、提升解读他人想法和感受的社交思维能力。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文篇章结构为 “引论 — 本论” 式： 第 1 段：提出核心疑问，即阅读小说是单纯消遣还是对生活有益。 第 2 段：指出小说能带领读者体验不同场景、认识不同的人，这是其潜在益处。 第 3-4 段：通过凯莉・欧茨的两项研究，具体论证阅读小说的实际好处。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 疑问 ①fiction reading，pass the time，benefit our lives 2. 小说特点 ②transport to different places，introduce various people 3-4. 研究结论 ③sympathize with characters，improve social thinking，interpret others' thoughts and feelings 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1-2 段：Fiction reading is enjoyable and can take readers to different places and introduce them to various people.（阅读小说令人愉悦，还能带领读者去往不同地方、认识各类人群。） 第 3-4 段：Studies by Carrie Oates show it enhances empathy and social thinking, helping people better interpret others' thoughts and feelings in real life.（凯莉・欧茨的研究表明，阅读小说能增强共情能力和社交思维，帮助人们在现实生活中更好地解读他人的想法和感受。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “Moreover” 衔接小说的特点与研究结论，使逻辑更连贯；用 “helping” 作结果状语，简化句式。 实战训练 一、名校最新试题 Passage 1 【来源】上海市普陀区曹杨中学2025-2026学年高三9月月考英语试卷 Privacy Concerns with Google’s Data Collection As Google expanded its services, the company faced increasing criticism over its handling of user data, particularly with its email service, Gmail. Gmail, which offers free email accounts, funds itself through targeted advertising. To deliver these ads, Google analyzes the content of users’ emails to identify relevant keywords. This practice, while effective for ad targeting, raised significant privacy concerns. Many users felt uncomfortable with the idea of their emails being scanned, even if it was done by algorithms (算法) rather than humans. They argued that this practice constituted an invasion of privacy, despite Google’s assurances that the content was only analyzed by automated systems. Google defended its approach by pointing out that other email services use similar methods to fight spam (垃圾邮件) and show more relevant ads. However, the controversy revealed a broader issue regarding the extent to which companies should be allowed to analyze user data for commercial purposes. The privacy debate extended beyond Gmail to other Google services, such as Google Street View. This service, which provides images of streets around the world, was intended to enhance user experience by offering detailed visual maps. However, many individuals and governments expressed concerns over the potential for misuse of these images, particularly regarding privacy and security. Some argued that the ability to view detailed street-level images could pose risks if used for harmful purposes. In response to these concerns, Google took measures to blur (模糊) faces and license plates in its Street View images. Despite these efforts, the debate about privacy continued, as critics worried about the broader implications of Google’s data collection practices. As Google addressed these complex issues, it became evident that the challenge of balancing innovation with privacy was an ongoing struggle, reflecting broader societal concerns about data security in the digital age. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 The wages of equality: A world of unfinished business Over the past several decades, women’s economic contributions have become vital to household management and consumer spending. However, despite their growing presence in the workforce, women often face challenges related to wage differences. One of the major reasons for this persistent wage gap is that, across various countries, discrimination in hiring and educational opportunities still plays a part, though it has become less common. In many regions, discrimination’s impact is declining, but it still contributes significantly to pay gaps. Efforts to close the gender wage gap are not merely about equality — they also have significant economic implications. Economists and labor experts argue that the wage gap acts as a drag on productivity. Countries that ignore this issue may struggle economically by not fully using the talents of educated women. Moreover, closing the wage gap has the potential to empower women economically and provide greater autonomy, leading to a host of social and policy changes. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), wage inequality is shaped by geography and national policies. For example, in the late 1990s, the wage gap was narrowest in Belgium, France, and Sweden but more pronounced in countries like Japan, Spain, and Italy. Further complicating matters is the influence of free-market forces on wage inequality. As economies have shifted away from heavy regulation, the gap between high-and low-income workers has grown. Highly paid professionals have increasingly pulled ahead, while lower-paid workers struggle to keep pace, deepening the overall wage inequality across industries. Addressing these gaps is challenging. Policymakers need to make sure gender equality measures are not only implemented but also work well within the economy. This requires continuous monitoring and adjustments to ensure that policies effectively reduce gaps without creating unintended consequences. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 【来源】上海市川沙中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月阶段考英语试题 The Future of Journalism Journalism has changed a lot over the years. It used to be clear who a journalist was—they had a degree, worked for a newspaper, TV, or radio, and spent their days reporting and writing. But now, the distinction between professional journalists and the general public has become less defined. Today, anyone with a smartphone can be a journalist. If you’re at the scene of a news event, you can record it and share it instantly online. There’s no need to wait for a professional journalist to interview you when you can tell the story yourself. With the rise of social media platforms, more and more people are becoming “citizen journalists”. These platforms allow anyone to report on events, share their opinions, and even break news before traditional media outlets. This has led to the emergence of many independent news sites and blogs that give a voice to people who were previously unheard. For example, in South Korea, a site called Ohmynews has 26,000 citizen reporters who share news and stories every day. However, when this trend of citizen journalism began, traditional media didn’t take it seriously. Established news organizations were doubtful of amateur journalists who lacked professional training. However, this perception is changing. Major news outlets are starting to hire individuals from these new media sources, recognizing that citizen journalists can offer fresh perspectives that connect with the public. Of course, the rise of participatory journalism has also brought challenges. Some critics argue that news shared on social media can be misleading or even false. There are concerns about “fake news” spreading quickly without being properly checked. For instance, during the 2011 London unrest, social media was used to spread false information, leading to confusion and panic. It’s clear that journalism is evolving. As more people become involved in reporting and sharing news, it’s important for everyone to develop strong critical thinking skills. Being able to question and check information is more crucial than ever. An informed and thoughtful public is essential for a healthy society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、真题演练 2018年6月高考 Becoming an attractive employee The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it is especially important for those new to the workforce. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers. For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise in technology, marketing, and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning, along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments. Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee?” In today’s tough job market. young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $