必修3 4 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（教师用书Word）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考英语核心词汇、短语、句式及写作等考点，按“基础认知-拓展应用-综合提升”逻辑架构组织内容，通过核心词汇“写其形”、拓展词汇“通其变”等考点梳理，结合词汇变形“用准用活”、句式仿写等方法指导，融入2024新课标Ⅰ卷等真题例句训练，帮助学生系统突破语言知识难点，体现复习教学的系统性和针对性。 资料特色在于分层练习设计与语料精准整合，如层级一基础语法填空巩固词汇句式，层级二应用文“3段式”写作框架训练，结合续写情感描写语料积累，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。通过即时反馈与真题衔接策略，确保有限时间内最大化复习效果，助力学生提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

核心词汇——写其形 1．leap n.　　　　　　 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.(leapt/leaped，leapt/leaped) 跳过；跃过 2．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 3．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 4．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然 5．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 6．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 7．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 8．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 9．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 10．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 11．Third，reusable garbage should be recycled (回收利用)as much as possible. 12．Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources(资源) and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 13．In addition，take an active part in the voluntary activities launched (发起)by the ocean organizations.(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) 14．As we all know，Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous astronauts (航天员)in China. 15．Yuan Longping made such a great contribution to mankind (人类)that he was respected and admired by people all over the world. 拓展词汇——通其变 记全记牢 1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上；心理上 2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．聪明；智慧 3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.全世界的；普遍的→universally adv.普遍地 4．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的→globally adv.全局地；全球地 5．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→(反)irregular adj.不规则的；不规律的→regularly adv.经常；定期地 6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的 7．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的 8．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.值得做的 9．analysis n．(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析 用准用活 10．When asked whether he was determined to be an astronaut，the boy just looked at me with determination．(determine) 11．Though he was disappointed at the result of the examination，he tried to hide his disappointment in order not to discourage his son.(disappoint) 12．An argument about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue) 13．Many parents attach great importance to getting a good education at this school attached to Peking University.(attach) 14．A person's life is limited but knowledge is limitless．(limit) 15．Since the country became independent in 1842，it has played an important role independently．(independent) 学生用书第138页 重点短语——学其用 先写对 1．carry on　　　　　 继续做，坚持干 2．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 4．so as to (do sth) 为了；以便 5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 6．result in 导致；造成 7．as a result 所以；结果(是) 8．provide for sb 提供生活所需 9．in closing 最后 10．run out 用完；耗尽 再用准 选用左栏短语填空 1．All passengers on board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands. 2．Some people down below started throwing stones in the hope of frightening the bear away.(动作描写) 3．There had been a terrible accident on the highway and as a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six miles. 4．In closing，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 5．In the future，care for the environment will become very important as the Earth's natural resources are running out． 1．形容词后缀-less荟萃 ①limit→limitless　　 无限的 ②aim→aimless 无目标的 ③use→useless 没用处的 ④care→careless 粗心的 ⑤end→endless 无止境的 ⑥count→countless 数不清的 2．“反义词”对比记忆 ①sharp→dull ②clean→dirty ③tough→easy ④shallow→deep ⑤wide→narrow ⑥positive→negative 3．聚焦“动词＋out”短语 ①run out　 用完；耗尽(不及物) ②break out 突然爆发 ③cut out 切断；删去；停止 ④give out 耗尽(不及物) ⑤die out 灭绝；消失 ⑥look out 小心 重点句式——背其式 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型1：be＋形容词/名词＋to do sth Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. 把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。 1．我真诚地邀请你和我们一起过春节。你会发现这里的人很友好，他们很容易相处。 I sincerely invite you to spend Spring Festival with us.You'll find people here friendly and they are easy to get along/on with． 句型2：状语从句的省略 While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己固定在某物上，以防止四处飘荡。 2．在准备比赛时，你需要对中国故事有很多了解。 When preparing for the competition，you need to have much knowledge about Chinese stories. 句型3：the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式 Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 3．他是第一个实现全球航行梦想的中国人，也是第一个穿过英吉利海峡和大西洋的中国人。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达) He is the first Chinese to realize the dream of sailing around the world，as well as the first Chinese to cross the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean. 学生用书第139页 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的(disappoint vt.使失望disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n．失望；沮丧) (1)be disappointed at/with/by...　　　　　 对……失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事失望 be disappointed that... 对……失望 (2)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt，which made them disappointed (disappoint). ②Overcome with bitter disappointment(disappoint) at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself in the room.(读后续写之心理描写) ③我对我父母收养了一个无家可归的男孩感到失望，好像他偷走了我父母的爱。 意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。(读后续写之失望心理描写) What disappointed me was that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents' love.Sensing that I was disappointed at his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my disappointment gradually gave way to my gratitude to him. desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望 (1)have a desire to do sth　　　　　 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 (2)desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 desire that...(should)do... 渴望……　　 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As I had a strong desire to learn (learn)a new skill，I turned to my mother for help，with whose help I began to learn how to cook during the summer vacation. (2023·全国乙卷书面表达) ②When I applied to graduate school，I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired (desire)research direction.(2023·北京卷) ③如果你渴望(用英语)无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。(2022·天津3月卷书面表达) →If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away. →If you desire that you (should)communicate with foreigners freely，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away. lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏(lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的) (1)(a)lack of　　　　 缺少…… for/through lack of 因缺少…… (2)be lacking in 在……方面缺乏　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①Though lacking (lack)cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. 学生用书第140页 ②尽管经历了许多困难，包括极端的天气条件和缺乏食物和水，他还是到达了目的地。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达) He reached the destination despite many hardships，including extreme weather conditions and a lack of food and water． ③由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应对这可怕的情况。(读后续写之情感描写) →For/Through lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(介词短语) →Lacking confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(分词作状语) argue vi.&vt.(argued，argued，arguing) 论证；争论；争辩；说理；争吵 (argument n．争论；争吵；论点) argue with sb about/over sth　　　　 因某事与某人争吵/争论 argue for/against (doing)sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事 argue that... 主张……，认为…… argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is beyond argument (argue)that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.(推荐信) ②渴望掌握一些基本的生活技能，我说服了母亲在五一节期间教我做饭。(2023·全国乙卷书面表达) Eager to master some basic living skills，I argued my mother into teaching me how to cook during the May Day holiday. ③根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语名著来提高他们的英语水平。(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) Based on the above chart，65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that they can have their English level improved by reading English classics. attach vt.系；绑；贴(attached adj.附属于；依恋的；爱慕的 attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋) (1)attach...to... 把……固定/附在……上 attach great importance/significance to sth 认为……有重要性/意义 (2)be attached to 附属于；依恋　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①One day，when I opened my book，I found a beautiful card attached(attach)to the first page，giving me best wishes. ②To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming (become)rich and famous. ③现在是时候重视我们的生态系统的平衡了。让我们马上采取行动吧！(倡议书) It's high time that we attached/should attach great importance to the balance of our ecosystem.Let's take action right now! 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 result in 导致；造成 (1)result from　　 由……造成；因……而产生 (2)as a result 所以；结果(是) as a result of 由于……的结果 without result 没有结果；白费　　 练透——完成句子 ①由于缺乏社交而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。 Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication，if not handled properly，may result in serious problems． 学生用书第141页 ②这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。(2023·天津6月卷书面表达) Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but also it will result in mutual understanding and friendship． run out用完；耗尽 run out of　 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态) run across 偶然遇到 run after 追逐；追求 run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)　　 练透——用run的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①Our energy was running out but when we heard the call of my uncle，a radiant smile lit up our faces. ②The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it without hesitation. ③大卫快要筋疲力尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，他浑身是汗，蹒跚地朝终点线走去。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) David was running out of his energy but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was struggling his way towards the finish line，bathed in sweat. 句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth 教材原句：Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、 the next、the only、the right、the last等修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 (2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰ability，chance，opportunity，need，way，wish，effort，right，ambition，patience，anxiety，attempt等名词。　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As far as I know，Amy was the only person to witness (witness)the car accident. ②就我个人而言，我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。 As far as I'm concerned，I think I am the best person to take up the job． ③说到历史上我最崇拜的人，我第一个想到的人是孔子。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达) When it comes to the person I admire most in history，the first person to come to my mind is Confucius. 要点练通　拾疑补漏　——实战演练 素能提升零失误 launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The boss headed to the bar，signalling to the girl that she could take part in the project launched (launch)by the company. ②政府发起了一项活动，以提高人们对我们传统文化的关注意识。 The government launched an activity to raise people's awareness of paying attention to our traditional cultures. carry on　继续做，坚持干 练透—— 完成句子 爷爷双腿颤抖着站了起来，继续沿路慢慢走着。 Grandfather rose to his feet on shaky legs，carrying on walking slowly down the road． 学生用书第142页 signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号；示意 n.信号；标志；(尤指铁路和公路上的)指示灯，信号灯 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I ran up to the car，took him by the arm and signalled (signal)him to follow me.(读后续写之动作描写) ②司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放进车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号灯。 (读后续写之动作链描写) The driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，ignoring the traffic signals all the way． as a result 所以；结果(是) 练透——完成句子 因此，他们空腹行走比进食后行走燃烧的脂肪更多。 As a result，they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. 句型公式：It takes sb some time to do sth“做某事花费某人多长时间” 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It took him a long time to acquire (acquire)the skills he needed to become a good dancer. ②然而，我花了好几天的时间来适应这个山村的生活。 However，it took me several days to adjust to the life of the mountainous village. 句型公式：动词-ing形式作主语 教材原句：Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If your supermarket sells loose produce，then buying(buy)smaller quantities is easier.(2024·浙江1月卷) ②在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼儿，但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) Being lost in the forest made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that it was no use feeling frightened and finding my way out of the forest was what I must do right now. 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度一　单句语法填空 1．I felt blessed to have met such a warm-hearted man.After that，we became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly (regular).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写) 2．The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，signalling (signal)the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. 3．Although feeling disappointed (disappoint)and frustrated，in a district far from home，the teenager settled down and managed to live independently (independent). 4．Despite their limited (limit)time，they finally managed to reach an agreement after a series of arguments (argue). 学生用书第143页 5．The player selected from the city leaped/leapt (leap)in the air and waved excitedly to the fans as he got sufficiently (sufficient)prepared for the game. 6．We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given(give) you a hand. 7．The new model will be launched (launch) in July. 8．Through the activity，what I felt is that we are able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined (determine). 9．The young man had a strong desire to earn (earn)a living by himself soon after he graduated. 10．The hotel has special facilities (facility) for welcoming disabled people. 维度二　熟词生义、一词多义和合成词汇 (一)熟词生义——活用词性得新义 ①Government monitors will continue to accompany reporters.n.监督员 ②“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划) ③She was displeased with absolutely everything，nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．n.常客 (二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联 1．launch A．vt.发射　B．vt.(首次)上市，发行　C．vt.发动，发起(尤指有组织的活动)　D．n.(产品的)上市 ①It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. A ②The police have launched an investigation into the case，which has resulted in great concerns nationwide. C ③The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson，back in 1993...(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) B ④After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. D 2．current A．adj.现在的；当前的　B．adj.流通的　C．n.水流　D．n.潮流 ①Fighting against the strong currents and cold wind，she screamed for help at the top of her lungs every three minutes or so. C ②As we all know，the current money in China is Renminbi. B ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times. D ④Current thinking holds that obesity is more a medical than a psychological problem. A (三)合成词汇——巧借词义推新义 1．When I'm on the road I'm just in my own world.I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.(2022·浙江1月卷) 精神独立的 independent 独立的＋spirited 有某种精神的→independent-spirited adj.精神独立的 2．The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.(2023·全国乙卷) 急升；猛升 sky 天空＋ rocket火箭→skyrocket v．急升；猛升 学生用书第144页 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1．应用文教考衔接提分练—帖文(宇宙探索) 3段式：提出话题→说明观点、理由→总结 　　最近，有网友在某英文论坛上发帖，征集网友们对“是否愿意在空间站体验一个月生活”的意见。请你用英语回帖，表明你的观点并说明理由 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1．我渴望在空间站上生活一个月，原因如下。 I desire to live on a space station for one month for the following reasons. 2．我一直对宇宙好奇。在环绕地球运行时，我可以观察太空迷人的风景，体验漂浮在太空的感觉。(省略句) I've always been curious about the universe．While orbiting the earth，I can observe the charming scenery of space and experience the feeling of floating in space． 3．我将试图弄清太空的一些奥秘，为人类探索太空做出贡献。 I'll try to figure out some mysteries of space so as to contribute to human exploration of space. 4．在太空中独立生活一个月肯定会对我的人生有很大的影响。 Living in space independently for a month will definitely make a great difference to my life. 5．无可争辩在空间站生活是值得的。 It is beyond argument that living on the space station is worth it. 第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，如first of all，in closing，moreover，last but not least等) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文： I desire to live on a space station for one month for the following reasons. First of all，I've always been curious about the universe.While orbiting the earth，I can observe the charming scenery of space and experience the feeling of floating in space.Moreover，I'll try to figure out some mysteries of space so as to contribute to human exploration of space.Last but not least，living in space independently for a month will definitely make a great difference to my life. In closing，it is beyond argument that living on the space station is worth it. Part 2．续写教考衔接提能练 教材语料整合 亮 词 [情感描写]　determined adj.→ determine v．；disappointed adj.→ disappoint v．→disappointment n．→disappointing adj.；desire v．& n．→desirable adj.；in the hope of；keen；shallow [动作描写]　launch；leap；carry on；signal；figure out；argue；result in；monitor；provide for；run out；so as to 美 句 1．People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.(动作描写) 2．However，scientists were determined to realise that dream.(情感描写) 3．However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.(情感描写＋无灵主语) 4．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.(主旨升华) 5．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.(拟人修辞) 拓展语料积累　[情感细节描写：震惊、惊讶(一)] 单 词 ①shocked adj.震惊的　　　　　　　 ②stun vt.使震惊→stunned adj.目瞪口呆的 ③amazement n．惊愕；惊诧→amazed adj.惊诧的→amazing adj.令人惊诧的 ④astonish vt.使吃惊→astonishment n．惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的 学生用书第145页 词 块 ①be numb with surprise/shock　　　　　惊呆 ②wear a look of surprise on one's face 面带惊讶的表情 ③to one's shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment 令人惊讶的是 ④a look of surprise spread over/flash across one's face 脸上闪过惊讶的表情 ⑤too surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock 惊讶得说不出话来 句 型 1．So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构)她惊愕得说不出话来。 2．They stopped in their tracks，raised their heads and stared at him in amazement. 他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊讶地注视着他。 3．A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story.(无灵主语句) 我的同伴听了我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。 4．At the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb.听到他去世的消息，我太过震惊，呆若木鸡。 5．Rose froze with shock，as if rooted on the ground.(比喻句)罗斯惊呆了，好像扎根在地上一样。 6．I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat. 我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。 续写语料运用　[用表“震惊、惊讶”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵] 微场景：“龙卷风灾害后”主题下的“震惊、惊讶” 　　①Much to people's shock, a tornado occurred in a small town nearby. At the bad news, Mary ②froze with shock, as if rooted to the ground．Then, Mary shared the news with her children, and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate.③She was amazed/surprised/ astonished that all the children were willing to donate something. When Anne placed her favourite toy in the box, ④a spark of surprise flashed across her brother's face．He stared at her with wide eyes.Without a word, he went back to his room and ran back with his favourite toy to the living room.⑤Astonished/Surprised/Amazed, Mary realised that he had also recognised what her action meant. 　　令众人震惊的是，附近的一个小镇发生了龙卷风。听闻此噩讯，玛丽惊得呆若木鸡，动弹不得。接着，玛丽将此消息告知她的孩子们，问他们是否愿意和那些不幸的人分享他们所拥有的东西。令她大为惊讶的是，所有孩子都甘愿捐赠一些物品。当安妮把她心爱的玩具放进盒子时，她哥哥脸上闪过一丝讶异。他瞪大双眼盯着她。未发一言，他返回房间，拿着自己心爱的玩具跑回客厅。玛丽感到惊愕，她意识到他也明白了自己此举的深意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $