单元测评18 Unit 9 Human Biology（Word练习）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

单元测评18　Unit 9　Human Biology (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A卷 (限时：35分钟　满分：47.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·福建省泉州市高三三模) Researchers at the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) have developed a groundbreaking sweat biosensor that opens up new possibilities for real-time health monitoring. Wearable sensors，typically worn directly on the skin，can monitor vital signs such as heart rate，blood pressure，and muscle activity.However，designing chemical sensors for detecting substance in bodily liquid，like sweat，has proven more complex due to issues of skin irritation (刺激) and accuracy when integrated into clothing. Addressing these challenges，the research team at TUS used a technique called “heat-transfer printing” to fix a thin，flexible chloride ion (氯离子) sensor onto a clothing base and then integrated it into clothes such as T-shirts.Further，health signs such as chloride ion concentration in sweat can be measured by simply wearing them.By moving the sensor outside of the clothing piece，skin irritation is prevented.The wicking effect (芯吸效应) of fiber helps distribute sweat evenly between the sensor’s electrodes (电极)，ensuring stable electrical contact and therefore improving the accuracy. Additionally，the team carefully selected skin-friendly materials and conducted various experiments using artificial sweat to prove the sensor’s accuracy in measuring chloride ion concentration.To assess its practicality，the team tested the sensor on a volunteer who engaged in a 30-minute exercise on a stationary bicycle.Measurements of bodily liquid were taken every five minutes and compared with the data collected by the sensor.The wearable sensor reliably measured the concentration of chloride ions in sweat.Moreover，the sensor has the capability to deliver data wirelessly，enabling real-time health monitoring. This breakthrough can boost the development of advanced health care devices that offer precise and convenient monitoring of important health indicators.With the power of these tiny electronics，researchers are pushing the boundaries of health care innovation to improve disease prevention and overall well-being. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东京理科大学的研究人员开发的一种突破性的汗液生物传感器，该传感器可以实时监测健康状况。 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ A.Varieties of sweat biosensors. B.Popularity of wearable equipment. C.Complexity in monitoring vital body signs. D.Difficulties in designing chemical sensors. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“However，designing chemical sensors for detecting substance in bodily liquid，like sweat，has proven more complex due to issues of skin irritation(刺激) and accuracy when integrated into clothing.”可知，这一段主要说明了设计用于衣物中检测汗液中化学物质的传感器所面临的困难。故选D项。 2.What contributes to the even distribution of sweat between the sensor’s electrodes？ A.The technique of heat-transfer printing. B.The chloride ion sensor. C.The wicking effect of fibre. D.Selected skin-friendly materials. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The wicking effect(芯吸效应) of fiber helps distribute sweat evenly between the sensor’s electrodes(电极)，ensuring stable electrical contact and therefore improving the accuracy.”可知，纤维的芯吸效应促成了传感器电极间汗水的均匀分布。故选C项。 3.What is the purpose of the test on the volunteer？ A.To evaluate the sensor’s reliability. B.To improve the volunteer’s performance. C.To determine the sensor’s duration. D.To ensure the volunteer’s well-being. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To assess its practicality，the team tested the sensor on a volunteer who engaged in a 30-minute exercise on a stationary bicycle.Measurements of bodily liquid were taken every five minutes and compared with the data collected by the sensor.”可推知，对志愿者进行测试的目的是评估传感器的可靠性。故选A项。 4.What is the author’s attitude toward the new technology？ A.Critical. B.Expectant. C.Reserved. D.Doubtful. 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者对于这项新技术持期待和乐观的态度。故选B项。 B (2025·陕西省榆林市高三三模) Fingerprints have been used to identify individuals for centuries.But now scientists may have finally figured out how those patterns are formed，according to a paper published in the journal Cell in February. Previous studies have shown that fingerprints can be influenced by the shape and size of the blood vessels in the skin and how fast the different layers of skin grow.Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh，UK，and his colleagues started their study from a new viewpoint：how genes affect fingerprint patterns.They identified the genes related to limb (肢体) development，which could serve as the groundwork for print formation，according to their work published in 2022. However，many genes are not involved in the process.“The key is how they form，” Headon told Nature，a science journal.The team studied the ridges (脊) on mouse toes and human cells grown artificially. They found two kinds of elements work against each other.A protein called WNT，which is important in skin development，promotes ridge formation.Another molecule (分子)，called BMP，impedes the ridges.With the two elements “fighting” each other，they create the patterns of waves.The team also changed the timing and the location of the origins of the waves in experiments.They discovered that the waves would collide in different ways，which helps to create the diversity of print patterns. Interestingly，the analysis of the fingerprint patterns supported the Turing reaction-diffusion system.It was first proposed by UK scientist Alan Turing in 1952 to describe a self-organizing system that creates patterns in nature，such as the feather patterns in birds and stripes on zebra.The researchers also built a computer model that can recreate print patterns by following the Turing system. Based on the new study，it may be possible that the structures of human skin might be all generated by the same mechanism，Sarah Millar，a US biologist，told the website Science News.However，more studies on how the skin matures are needed to solve the mystery. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们从一个新的研究视角开展的一项研究——基因如何影响指纹模式及其对未来人类皮肤研究的启发。 5.What did Denis Headon and his colleagues focus on in their study？ A.The relation between skin growth and fingerprint formation. B.The influence of blood vessels on fingerprint patterns. C.The impact of genes on fingerprint patterns. D.The analysis of mouse toes’ ridges. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh，UK，and his colleagues started their study from a new viewpoint：how genes affect fingerprint patterns.”可知，Denis Headon和他的同事们在研究中关注基因对指纹模式的影响。故选C。 6.What approach did the researchers adopt to conduct the study？ A.They experimented with mouse toes and artificial human cells. B.They compared mouse toes with human hands. C.They did research on human hand anatomy. D.They planted human cells in mouse toes. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team studied the ridges (脊) on mouse toes and human cells grown artificially.”可知，研究人员通过采取对老鼠脚趾和人工培育的人类细胞进行实验的方法来进行研究。故选A。 7.What does the underlined word “impedes” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean？ A.Supports. B.Stops. C.Generates. D.Influences. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段“A protein called WNT，which is important in skin development，promotes ridge formation.”可知，叫作WNT 的蛋白质刺激脊的形成；再根据“With the two elements ‘fighting’ each other，they create the patterns of waves.”可知，另一种分子BMP则与WNT相对抗。由此可推知，impedes意为“阻碍；阻止”，与B项意思最相近。故选B。 8.What can be inferred about the study from the last paragraph？ A.It uncovers how the skin is generated. B.It promotes Alan Turing’s theory. C.It may further research on skin maturation. D.It shows the mechanism of skin formation. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“However，more studies on how the skin matures are needed to solve the mystery.”可推知，这项研究可能会进一步推动对皮肤成熟过程的研究。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·山东省实验中学高三一模) After a challenging workout，the last thing you probably want to do is spend five to ten minutes stretching.　1　 Why is stretching so important and how often do you need to do it？ Here we are going to share what we have learnt from some experts. When you think about exercise，most people participate in some type of aerobic (有氧的) activity that improves their cardiovascular (心血管的) endurance.　2　 Those are two very important elements of a fitness program，but there’s also a third element.That is your flexibility and mobility，which is most often the one that’s ignored. Stretching helps keep us mobile.We are born super mobile as babies and young children，but lose this as we grow into adults.　3　 It means we are able to move less；we are functionally less able to do everyday stuff like picking up a pen from the floor，or climbing stairs efficiently. 　4　 It’s also going to help reduce the risk of injury.Some people are naturally more flexible than others，but no matter whether you can touch your toes or not，you should be working on your flexibility and mobility because the more moveless you are，the more your muscles are shortening，which in turn is causing you to be tighter. When you get up，you maybe go for a quick walk to fill up your water bottle or get a cup of coffee，then come back and do a seated leg stretch or a standing version.　5　 A.Why is stretching good for your healthy habits？ B.Stretching makes for relieving muscle tension and pain. C.When we stop stretching，we lose capacity in movement. D.Walking，done in the right way，is a form of aerobic exercise. E.It won’t take much time to add these habits into your daily routine. F.However，doing so can result in physical and mental health benefits. G.They also do weight training to help maintain muscle mass and build strength. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么拉伸很重要，以及如何在日常生活中实施拉伸，通过事实和专家意见来说明拉伸的好处和必要性。 1.答案：F 解析：根据前文“After a challenging workout，the last thing you probably want to do is spend five to ten minutes stretching.”以及后文“Why is stretching so important and how often do you need to do it？”可知，前文提到不想做伸展运动，后文开始提问，为什么拉伸很重要以及多久做一次拉伸。所以空处应是一个过渡句，F项和前文构成转折，并引出后文，符合语境。故选F项。 2.答案：G 解析：根据前文“When you think about exercise，most people participate in some type of aerobic (有氧的) activity that improves their cardiovascular (心血管的) endurance.”以及后文“Those are two very important elements of a fitness program，but there’s also a third element.”可知，后文提到了两个因素，前文只说了一个，所以空处应是另一个因素，G项“They also do weight training to help maintain muscle mass and build strength.”符合语境，为第二个因素，其中also说明和前文构成顺承关系。故选G项。 3.答案：C 解析：根据前文“Stretching helps keep us mobile.We are born super mobile as babies and young children，but lose this as we grow into adults.”可知，本段讲述了伸展运动对人们的好处，C项承接上文，讲述停止伸展时的坏处，并引出后文。故选C项。 4.答案：B 解析：设空位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“It’s also going to help reduce the risk of injury.Some people are naturally more flexible than others...because the more moveless you are，the more your muscles are shortening，which in turn is causing you to be tighter.”可知，本段主要讲述了伸展运动有助于缓解肌肉紧张和疼痛，B项总结概括了本段内容，符合语境。故选B项。 5.答案：E 解析：根据前文“When you get up，you maybe go for a quick walk to fill up your water bottle or get a cup of coffee，then come back and do a seated leg stretch or a standing version.”可知，E项是对前文的总结，符合语境。故选E项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·广东省湛江市高三二模) No structure is as symbolically significant or 1.　　　　 (cultural) important to China as the Great Wall.Architectural 2.　　　　 (engineer)are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure. Jiankou 3.　　　　 (believe) to be one of the most rugged stretches of the relic.Some of the most dangerous work includes laborers hanging from towering heights.With ropes tied around 4.　　　　 (they) waists，repair workers spread cement on the wall’s steep sides，while others hold the ropes for support.5.　　　　 (survive) a fall from the steep sides would be unlikely.A laborer explains 6.　　　　 he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure，saying that it is an honor to be part of such a great cause，and it is very 7.　　　　 (meaning) to do so. Getting supplies to this part of the wall is also a demanding effort.Because the path is so steep，donkeys and mules must be used to transport bricks，8.　　　　 can weigh as much as 150 kg each.The repair team goes to great lengths 9.　　　　 (keep) the principle of minimal intervention.“We have to stick 10.　　　　 the original format，the original material and the original craftsmanship，so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values，” said Cheng Yongmao，the engineer leading Jiankou’s restoration work. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。文章主要介绍了长城最崎岖的部分之一——箭扣。 1.答案：culturally 解析：考查副词。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词，所以要用副词。故填culturally。 2.答案：engineers 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据空后的are可知，此处的名词要用复数形式。故填engineers。 3.答案：is believed 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，believe与主语之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态；根据句意和下文动词的时态可知，本句要用一般现在时。所以此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为单数，故填is believed。 4.答案：their 解析：考查代词。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 5.答案：Surviving 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处作主语，所以要用动词-ing形式；且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Surviving。 6.答案：why 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句；句子用来说明原因，所以此处要用why。故填why。 7.答案：meaningful 解析：考查形容词。根据空前的very可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故填meaningful。 8.答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，从句中缺少主语，所以此处要用which。故填which。 9.答案：to keep 解析：考查非谓语动词。go to great lengths to do sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事”。故填to keep。 10.答案：to 解析：考查介词。stick to sth 意为“坚持某事”。故填to。 B卷 (限时：35分钟　满分：45分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·安徽省巢湖市高三一模) Max Du won the Canada-Wide Science Fair.His project is a drone (无人机) to save people who go into cardiac (心脏的) arrest.Max got the inspiration during Christmas break last year.“I got a toy drone from my parents，but I couldn’t fly it because it is snowy.” Max said.“So I played with it at home，and it got me thinking how a drone could be used as an indoor robot that could help people.” About 35，000 people have cardiac arrests in Canada each year.Most of those happen outside of a hospital，of whom fewer than 10 percent survive.Max believed a drone could offer faster support and life-saving medicine，but he had to build it himself to know for sure. Testing his drone took about six months.Max’s parents had to deal with their son’s constantly flying and crashing in the home.Every time Max would create an exciting innovation，such as an extendable arm，it would add extra weight to his drone，causing it to break apart.Then Max would have to buy all new parts.Max tested using more lightweight materials until his design was more balanced. Through trial and error，the 14-year-old boy finally got it right.His drone can open a door handle，fly in the air and then land softly on the ground.A new extendable arm can be released to administer a shot or hand a patient life-saving medicine.A built-in camera could be directly in conference with an emergency response team whose members could monitor the patient remotely. Max plans on applying for a patent (专利) so he can make connections in the health care industry to get it made for real.He’s spent his summer learning about artificial intelligence at California’s Stanford University as one of 32 kids selected worldwide.He’ll head next to the University of Pennsylvania to take a college-level robotics class before returning to high school in September. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位14岁的少年设计用于救助心脏病人的无人机并因此获奖的故事。 1.Why did Max Du design a drone by himself？ A.He had sympathy for those with heart attacks. B.He had nothing to do in Christmas holidays. C.He wanted to use it to help his parents. D.He tried to make it fly in the snow. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Max所说的话“So I played with it at home，and it got me thinking how a drone could be used as an indoor robot that could help people.”和第二段“Max believed a drone could offer faster support and life-saving medicine，but he had to build it himself to know for sure.”可知，他的无人机是用来帮助心脏骤停的病人的，表明他很同情患有心脏病的人。故选A。 2.What can we learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3？ A.Most of the people with cardiac arrests in Canada can survive. B.Max’s parents were unwilling to help during his drone design. C.It’s very important to control the balance of the drone. D.Max’s design of the extendable arm is very smooth. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Every time Max would create an exciting innovation，such as an extendable arm，it would add extra weight to his drone，causing it to break apart.Then Max would have to buy all new parts.Max tested using more lightweight materials until his design was more balanced.”可知，可伸展的机械臂会给无人机增加额外的重量导致它四分五裂。Max需要使用更轻的材料使他的设计更加平衡。由此可推知，控制无人机的平衡是很重要的。故选C。 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？ A.The instructions for using the drone. B.The reason for applying for a patent. C.The process of Max’s success. D.The functions of the new drone. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段的主要部分，即第二句到第四句都是介绍Max的无人机的功能。因此本段主要是关于无人机的功能。故选D。 4.Which of the following can best describe Max？ A.Considerate and brave. B.Talented and creative. C.Clever and honest. D.Helpful and loyal. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Max自己设计救助心脏病人的无人机表明Max很有创造力，最后一段“He’s spent his summer learning about artificial intelligence at California’s Stanford University as one of 32 kids selected worldwide.He’ll head next to the University of Pennsylvania to take a college-level robotics class before returning to high school in September.”说明Max在人工智能方面很有天赋。故选B。 B (2025·山东省潍坊市高三二模) Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago，suggests new research. When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70，000 years ago，some of them mated with Neanderthals，who had already adapted to the colder，darker climates of the north.The ripple (涟漪) effects of that intermating still exist today：Modern humans of non-African ancestry (血统) have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA.Some of that DNA relates to sleep more specifically，the internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm. For the new study，researchers compared DNA from today’s humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils (化石).In both groups，they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm.And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers. For Neanderthals，being “morning people” might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes.Instead，scientists suggest，Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster，more flexible internal body clocks，which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight.This connection makes sense in the context of human history.When early humans moved north out of Africa，they would have experienced variable daylight hours－shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer－for the first time.The Neanderthals’ circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans’ offspring (后代) adapt to this new environment. Notably，the findings do not prove that Neanderthal genes are responsible for the sleep habits of all early risers.Lots of different factors beyond genetics can contribute，including social and environmental influences.The study also only included DNA from a database called the U.K.Biobank－so the findings may not necessarily apply to all modern humans.Next，the research team hopes to study other genetic databases to see if the same link holds true for people of other ancestries.If the findings do apply more broadly，they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world，where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，今天有些人之所以早起，可能是因为他们遗传了数万年前Neanderthal人的DNA。 5.What does the new research focus on？ A.DNA’s dramatic changes. B.Genes’ influence on early risers. C.Neanderthals’ sleeping patterns. D.Ancestors’ environmental adaptability. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago，suggests new research.”可知，这项新研究的重点是基因对早起者的影响。故选B。 6.What is Paragraph 2 intended to show concerning the new research？ A.Historical context. B.Additional proof. C.Sample analysis. D.Studying process. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段要说明的是这项研究的历史背景，故选A。 7.What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal’s DNA for modern humans？ A.Getting up earlier. B.Having healthier daily routines. C.Being more flexible in their work. D.Possessing a better circadian rhythm. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead，scientists suggest，Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster，more flexible internal body clocks，which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight.”可知，携带Neanderthal人的DNA对现代人的真正好处是拥有更好的昼夜节律。故选D。 8.What can be inferred about the findings from the last paragraph？ A.They get proof from other studies. B.They are confirmed by early risers. C.They suggest potential applications. D.They reveal factors in sleeping disorders. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“If the findings do apply more broadly，they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world，where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones.”可推知，这些发现暗示了潜在的应用。故选C。 Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分) (2025·河北省邯郸市高三下二模) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Cedar Point was an amusement park in Ohio I had been expecting to visit as a child.We lived close to the park，so I often heard the screams of people on the roller coaster，saw the tired kids with their parents when they left.Sometimes，I looked wistfully at the lights through my window at night. When I was nine，my grandmother managed to save a little bit of money here and there and took me there one day that summer.I yelled，excitement bubbling inside me.As we arrived at the park for the first time，kids were everywhere，eating popcorn (爆米花) and blowing bubbles.My eyes widened in delight at the scene.I wanted to do all those things，but deep down，I knew we didn’t have enough money.We could only afford to buy a ticket only for one ride for fifteen minutes.I pulled my grandmother toward the ticket window to buy a ticket for the carousel (旋转木马). It was exactly as I had imagined，straight out of a movie.My grandmother smiled fondly and leaned down，giving the ticket to the ride operator，Mr Salas.Letting go，I rushed to the ride，stopping only to pick which horse to sit on.They were all so beautiful，coming in different colors with different expressions on their plastic faces.To me，it felt like the decision of a lifetime. “Come on，sweetie！ The ride is going to start！” my grandmother called out，laughing at my indecision.Seeing that，Mr Salas also smiled warmly.Finally，I picked the horse with the pink hair and blue saddle.In the following minutes，I was absorbed in enjoying the ride，forgetting my family was struggling.My grandmother waved each time the ride passed her by.Mr Salas watched me from a distance. Sadly，the carousel ride ended much too quickly.My grandmother was waiting and took my hand.I got down from the horse unwillingly，feeling bitter-sweet. 注意：1.续写词数应为150 左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 At that moment，Mr Salas approached us with a warm smile on his face.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After a while，Mr Salas returned，with an all-inclusive ticket for Cedar Point for the entire day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 At that moment，Mr Salas approached us with a warm smile on his face.He asked why we didn’t continue to ride the carousel.My grandmother explained to him that we only had enough money for one ride.He nodded in understanding.But then，his eyes held a glimmer of kindness and understanding as he looked at me and my grandmother.He said gently，“Excuse me，ma’am.I couldn’t help but notice the joy on your granddaughter’s face as she rode the carousel.It’s moments like these that make this job worthwhile.” Having said that，he went to the ticket window. After a while，Mr Salas returned，with an all-inclusive ticket for Cedar Point for the entire day.He gave it to us and explained that with the ticket，I would have unlimited access to all the rides and attractions in Cedar Point for the entire day.When my grandmother took the ticket from Mr Salas，tears of gratitude filled her eyes.“Thank you，” my grandmother whispered，her voice choked with emotion of gratitude.I was more than delighted that I was able to ride the carousel as much as I wished that day.Moreover，Mr Salas even offered to buy me popcorn and blowing bubbles.By the time this day ended，we expressed our gratitude to Mr Salas again for his kindness.It was the sweetest memory I had in my childhood. 学生用书⬇第272页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $