必修2 Unit 5 Humans and Nature（教师用书Word）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文(体裁：投稿　话题：世界海洋日) 典例呈现 　　(2022·全国甲卷)你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 真题范文 思路点拨 Our Oceans，Our Responsibility June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.It is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. Ocean plays a key role in our world.Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus，it is imperative to protect ocean.First of all，what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.For example，garbage can’t be thrown into ocean.What’s more，we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is. All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean.To protect ocean is to protect ourselves. 第一段：设立“世界海洋日”的目的； 第二段：保护海洋环境的原因、意义及如何保护海洋； 第三段：发出保护海洋的倡议。 高分词汇 ①be aimed at 旨在；以……为目的 ②raise awareness of提高……的意识 ③play a key role in在……中起关键作用 ④imperative adj.迫切的，重要紧急的 ⑤place importance on重视…… ⑥hand out分发…… ⑦call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事 ⑧devote oneself to致力于，献身于…… 句型迁移运用 ①Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature.(not only置于句首引起的部分倒装) 【仿写】 Not only does the restaurant offer delicious food，but it also provides exceptional customer service. 这家餐厅不仅提供美味的食物，而且还提供卓越的客户服务。 ②The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is.(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) 【仿写】 The higher you climb the mountain，the more beautiful the view becomes. 你爬得越高，景色就越美丽。 学生用书⬇第72页 阅读词汇语境练………………………………………………………………………◎ 1.prevent landslides 　　　　　　 防止滑坡/塌方 2.volcanic eruption 火山爆发 3.pull up weeds 拔野草 4.a herd of deer 一群鹿 5.insect species 昆虫物种 6.protect whales 保护鲸 7.play with dolphins 与海豚嬉戏 8.fear of sharks 对鲨(鱼)的恐惧 9.the mother kangaroo 袋鼠妈妈 10.soar like an eagle 像鹰一样翱翔 11.a cunning fox 一只狡猾的狐狸 12.survive in the jungle 在丛林中生存 13.get caught in a whirlpool 被困在旋涡中 14.float on the water 漂/浮在水面上 15.a rapid descent 快速的下降/下落 16.a barrel of oil 一桶油 17.ride on a sledge 乘雪橇 18.put up a tent 搭帐篷 19.a travel brochure 旅游手册 20.aftershock of an earthquake 地震后的余震 核心词汇双阶练………………………………………………………………………◎ [基础练] 1.disaster n.　　　　　　　 灾难；灾祸 2.flood n. 洪水，水灾 3.hurricane n. 飓风 4.wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 5.comment n. 评论；意见 6.landscape n. 风景，景色 7.living adj. 活的，活着的 8.soil n. 土壤 9.climate n. 气候 10.ecology n. 生态；生态学 11.lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 12.overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 13.million n. 百万 14.greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 15.title n. 题目，标题 16.wave n. 海浪；波涛 17.escape vi.&vt. 逃离；逃避 18.file n. 档案，卷宗 19.poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 20.soul n. 灵魂 21.horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 学生用书⬇第73页 22.edge n. 边缘 23.extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 24.tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 25.rescue n.&vt. 营救；救援 26.vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 27.trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 28.measure vt. 估量，衡量；测量 29.overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 30.site n. 场所，地点 31.process n. 过程，进程 32.battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 33.duty n. 职责，义务；责任 34.conduct vt. 实施；进行；执行 vi.&vt. 指挥 35.lamp n. 灯 36.nearby adv. 附近 37.captain n. 上校；队长；组长 38.polar adj. 极地的，地极的 39.continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 40.shelter n. 避难所 41.metal n. 金属 [变形练] 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get trapped(困住)outside my house again，my local telephone box will，sadly，no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 2.(2024·浙江1月卷)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted(实施)by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. 3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Millions(百万)of waterfowl( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. 4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured(衡量)by an IQ test... 5.(2021·北京卷)From 2000 to 2019，there were 7，348 major natural disasters(灾难)around the world，resulting in USD 2，970 billion in economic loss. 6.No one responded and he assumed that people had already escaped(逃离). 7.Nicolo and another bidder battled(较量) until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. 8.The vehicles(车辆)were recalled by the manufacturer due to a potential fault in the braking system. 9.There are several historical sites(场所)that tourists should visit when they are in the city. 10.After being lost in the wilderness for three days，the hiker was finally rescued (营救)by a search and rescue team. 11.The color blue was overused(过度使用)in the interior design of the room，making it feel cold and uninviting. 12.I disagree with those comments(评论)，but I respect your right to express your opinion. 拓展词汇多样练………………………………………………………………………◎ [基础练] 1.drought n.旱灾，干旱→dry adj.干的；干燥的；口渴的 2.eruption n.爆发→erupt vi.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 3.crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→crowd n.人群 vt.挤满；使……拥挤 4.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.惊愕的，震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人气愤的；不道德的 5.survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存→survival n.幸存→survivor n.幸存者 6.tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的→tide n.潮汐 7.mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的；不易解释的 学生用书⬇第74页 8.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→fright n.害怕→frighten vt.使惊恐；使惊吓→frightening adj.令人害怕的，令人恐惧的 9.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.求知欲，好奇心 10.observation n.观察；观察结果→observe vt.观察到；注意到→observer n.观察者；评论员 11.equal adj.相等的；相同的→equality n.相等；平等→equally adv.平等地；相等地 12.attempt n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图→attempted adj.未遂的 13.interrupt vi.&vt.打断讲话→interruption n.打扰；插嘴；中断时间；阻断物 14.death n.死，死亡→die vi.死亡，去世→dead adj.死的；无趣的，无活力的 15.loss n.丧失；死亡；损失→lose vt.丧失；遗失；错过(机会)；浪费(时间)→lost adj.丢失的，迷路的；不知所措的；困惑的 16.damage n.伤害，损伤，损害→damaging adj.造成破坏的；有害的；损害的→damaged adj.损坏的，受损的 17.operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v.操作；动手术；经营，营业→operator n.操作员；经营者；接线员 18.suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer v.遭受；忍受；(因疾病、悲伤、痛苦等)受苦，受难→sufferer n.受难者；患病者；受苦者 19.protection n.保护；防护→protect vt.保护；防护 20.breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸 21.dust n.灰尘；尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的，灰尘覆盖的 22.explorer n.探险者；勘察者→explore v.考察；探索→exploration n.探究；探索 23.preparation n.预备，准备→prepare vt.预备，使做好准备→prepared adj.有准备的；事先做好的 24.base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→basis n.基础；基点→basic adj.基本的，基础的→basically adv.基本上，从根本上说 25.anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n.焦虑；担心；渴望 学生用书⬇第75页 26.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有抱负的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的 27.cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer vi.&vt.欢呼；喝彩；加油 n.欢呼声，喝彩声 28.prove vt.证明；证实→proof n.证据，证明 adj.能防范……的 29.distant adj.久远的；遥远的；冷淡的；疏远的→distance n.距离 30.honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的 31.sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实→sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地→sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 32.bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 vt.勇敢面对；冒(风险)；经受(困难)→bravely adv.勇敢地 33.varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary vi.变化→variety n.种类；多样化→various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 34.scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的→scare vt.使(某人)恐惧，惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的 35.harmless adj.无害的→harm vt.&n.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的 36.skiing n.滑雪运动→ski n.滑雪板 vi.滑雪(运动) 37.originality n.独创性；创造力→origin n.起源，源头；身世，出身→originate vi.&vt.发源；起源，发端于；发明，创作→original adj.独创的，原始的；原来的，起初的→originally adv.原先，最初 38.disappearance n.消亡；消失→disappear vi.消失，不见→appear vi.出现；显得→appearance n.出现；外貌，外观 [变形练] 1.The region experienced the driest conditions last year，and severe drought caused widespread crop failures.(dry) 2.The volcano erupted last week and the recent eruption affected air travel on a global level.(erupt) 3.The beach was crowded with tourists enjoying the summer sun.(crowd) 4.The shocking news of the natural disaster left everyone in the community shocked and speechless.(shock) 5.Only a few people survived the tsunami，and their survival was a miracle.Among the survivors，there was an old man and a baby.(survive) 6.Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it frightened her to death.Whenever she thought of it，she was trembling with fright.(frightened) 7.The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden.He is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious) 8.The careful observation of the animal’s behavior by the wildlife observer led to important insights about their feeding habits and social structures.(observe) 9.The company promotes equality in the workplace，believing that all employees should be treated equally.(equal) 10.During the important meeting，the CEO’s presentation was interrupted by an urgent phone call，leading to a brief interruption in the discussion.(interrupt) 11.The famous scientist died in 2019，and his death is a great loss to our country.(die) 12.The company suffered a significant financial loss due to the mismanagement，and many employees felt lost about their future career paths.(lose) 13.He is an ambitious man who can do anything in order to achieve his ambition.(ambition) 14.The man is always distant towards his neighbors，so his neighbors often keep him at a distance.(distant) 15.He is a sincere person who always treats others sincerely and his sincerity has helped him make many good friends.(sincere) 16.The explorer has decided to explore the valley again and the exploration will last 10 days.(explore) 17.The brave soldier fought bravely against the enemies so he was awarded for his bravery.(brave) 18.After the College Entrance Examination，the anxious student was waiting anxiously for the result so I suggested that she listen to some music to quiet her anxiety.(anxious) 19.The girl was very scared when she saw the scary snake and she was almost scared to death.(scare) 20.The operator said he couldn’t operate the machine for the moment because he received an operation on his right hand a week ago.(operate) 21.The room is very dusty，so please clean the dust on the floor.(dust) 22.You must prepare for the exam in advance because advance preparation is of great importance.(prepare) 23.He is an honest boy whose honesty has earned him good reputation.(honest) 24.This word originated from a Latin word and the original meaning is quite different from what it is today.(origin) 25.The car mysteriously disappeared suddenly and no one could explain its disappearance.(disappear) 重点词块落实练………………………………………………………………………◎ [基础练] 1.be covered with 　　　　 被……覆盖 2.in the face of 面对…… 3.be famous for 因……而出名 4.on the way to 在去……的路上 5.break down 停止运转，出故障 学生用书⬇第76页 6.in the history of 在……的历史上 7.be made up of 由……组成 8.breathe in 吸气 9.as a result 结果，因此 10.in the direction of 朝……的方向 11.on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 12.ahead of schedule 提前，先于预定时间 13.leave for 动身去…… 14.turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 15.run out 用完；耗尽 [应用练] 选用左栏短语词块的正确形式填空 1.Thanks to your help，we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 2.The committee is made up of representatives from all walks of life. 3.Tom packed his bags and left for France where he would get a new job. 4.It is reported that the company is in a severe financial crisis and is on the edge of collapse. 5.We will make sure people can see bluer skies，greener mountains and clearer waters in Xinjiang，which is famous for its grand beauty. 6.When the first train left Chongqing and traveled to Duisburg in Germany，it opened a new chapter in the history of international railway transportation. 7.Despite their history of friendship，she turned her back on her former colleague and refused to offer any assistance. 8.The old washing machine finally broke down after years of use，and it was time to replace it. 经典句式应用练………………………………………………………………………◎ [句式呈现] 1.as if引导状语从句 I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我感觉不舒服，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 2.the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell... 第一，物体越大，下落得越快…… 3.the reason why...is that...句型 As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 如你所见，我在这里讲这个故事的原因是我做了正确的决定。 4.完全倒装 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 5.动词不定式作定语 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September，1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 [句式仿写] 1.他表现得好像他做了一件什么了不起的事似的。 He acted as if he had done something great. 2.你提供的服务越好，得到的小费就越多。 The better service you offer，the more tips you will get. 3.他哭的原因是他对这个结果非常失望。 The reason why he cried is that he was very disappointed at the result. 4.然后最激动人心的时刻到来了。 Then came the most exciting moment. 5.学习一门新语言的第一步是每天练习说。 The first step to learn a new language is to practice speaking daily. 学生用书⬇第77页 Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 flood n.洪水，水灾；大批，大量(的人或事物) v.大量涌入；充满；淹没 (1)a flood of 　　　 一大批的，大量的 in flood 在泛滥 (2)flood in 大量涌进(不及物动词短语) flood into 大量涌进…… be flooded with 充满……；被……淹没 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. n.大批，大量 ②The river had burst its banks and flooded the farms. v.淹没 ③As soon as the doors opened，people started to flood in to get the best seats for the concert. ④The heavy rain caused the river to overflow，and the nearby town was flooded (flood) with water. ⑤我一看到照片，甜蜜的回忆就像潮水般涌来。(读后续写之回忆往事) The sweet memories immediately flooded in as soon as I saw the photos. [真题衔接]　⑥(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear. shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信(派生词：①shocked adj.震惊的　②shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人气愤的；不道德的) (1)in shock　　　　 震惊地；吃惊地 to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at 对……感到震惊 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To my great shock，I discovered that my best friend had been lying to me for years. ②Tom has reported the shocking (shock) findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma(哮喘). ③我震惊地望着他，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。(读后续写之震惊) I looked at him in shock，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. [真题衔接]　④(2024·浙江1月卷)In her first P.E. class，Eva was shocked (shock) when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避 vt.被忘掉；被忽视 (1)escape (doing) sth 　　　　　　 逃避(做)某事，避免(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱/逃走 escape sb’s attention/notice 逃避某人的注意；被某人忽视 (2)There’s no escaping the fact that... 无法回避的事实是……；不可否认的是 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I bumped into an old classmate at the supermarket，but her name escaped me，causing an awkward pause. vt.被忘掉 ②It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day. ③With the help of the firefighters，the woman and her three children managed to escape from the burning house. 学生用书⬇第78页 ④The thief tiptoed into the room to escape (escape) being found by the host. ⑤无法回避的事实是工作对情绪和健康有着深远的影响。(应用文写作之健康生活) There’s no escaping the fact that work has profound effects on emotions and health. [中国元素]　The ancient poet often used the theme of escape to nature as a metaphor for avoiding worldly troubles.这位古代诗人常以逃往自然为主题，以此作为逃避世俗烦恼的隐喻。 survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存(派生词：①survival n.幸存　②survivor n.幸存者) (1)survive sth 幸免于……，从……中艰难度过 (2)survive on sth 依靠……生存 (3)survive sb(by...years) 比……活得长(……年) 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival (survive) of our natural resources. ②After getting lost in the wilderness，he had to rely on his survival skills to survive on limited resources until help arrived. ③It is reported that the non-smokers survive smokers by 10 years on average. ④生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句) Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain. [真题衔接]　⑤(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived (survive) China’s long history. frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的(派生词：①frighten vt.使惊恐；使惊吓　②fright n.害怕　③frightening adj.令人害怕的，骇人的) (1)be frightened of 　　　 害怕…… be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 被吓坏了 (2)frighten sb into/out of doing sth 把某人吓得做/不做某事 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He kicked it wide open，finding a frightened (frighten) woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. ②The sound of thunder and the sight of lightning flashing across the sky was truly frightening (frighten)，making me tremble with fear. ③He was frightened to jump (jump) off the diving board，as he had a fear of heights and was unsure if he could handle the height. ④The robbers frightened the old man into giving them all the money he had. ⑤一道亮光闪过，孩子们如此害怕以至于他们尖叫起来。(读后续写之恐惧) A bright light flashed by，and the children were so frightened that they screamed. [中国元素]　Ye Gong，who was known for loving dragons，was very frightened at the sight of real dragon in the sky.叶公以爱龙闻名，一看到天上的真龙却非常害怕。 curious adj.好奇的(派生词：①curiosity n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品　②curiously adv.好奇地) (1)be curious about 　　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 很想做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy sb’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Her curiosity (curious) led her to explore the abandoned house at the end of the street，even though everyone warned her to stay away. 学生用书⬇第79页 ②Both of the girl’s parents were curious to know (know) where their daughter had gone. ③She picked up the red envelope and turned it over curiously (curious)，wondering what was inside it. ④如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或关心它的未来，你一定不要错过这个绝佳的机会！(应用文写作之邀请信) If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity！ [中国元素]　With the fast development of China，more and more foreigners are so curious about China that they come here and most of them can’t help falling in love with it. 随着中国的快速发展，越来越多的外国人对中国如此好奇，因此他们来到这里，并且大多数人都情不自禁地爱上了中国。 equal adj.相等的；相同的 n.同等的人；相等物(派生词：①equality n.相等；平等　②equally adv.平等地；相等地) (1)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/某物 be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事 on equal terms (with sb) (和某人)平等相处；(和某人)地位相等 (2)be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She treats all her students equally (equal)，giving each one the same amount of attention and support. ②In a healthy relationship，there should be a foundation of equality (equal) and mutual respect，where both partners value and support each other’s opinions and decisions. ③I don’t think Peter is equal to transporting (transport) these valuable goods，because he is not careful enough. ④凯瑟琳也得到了一个重要的人生启示：每个人都应被平等地对待，无论他或她有多特别。(读后续写之人生启示) Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she is. [中国元素]　The concept of “ren” in Confucianism highlights the importance of treating others as equals，regardless of social status.儒家“仁”的理念强调了平等对待他人的重要性，而不考虑社会地位。 trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n.圈套；陷阱 (1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 掉进做某事的陷阱 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped (trap). ②Seven people who were trapped in a coal mine roof collapse were all rescued on Friday，rescuers said. ③He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract，which obviously was not equal to him. ④Don’t fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place. 学生用书⬇第80页 ⑤Though she was trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued. →Though trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) [中国元素]　In the famous story “The Legend of the White Snake”，the monk Fahai uses his spiritual powers to trap the White Snake in a pagoda，separating her from her human husband. 在著名的故事《白蛇传》中，法海和尚用他的法力将白蛇困在一座塔中，使她与她的人类丈夫分开。 attempt n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图(派生词：attempted adj.未遂的) (1)attempt to do sth 试图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事 at the/one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting (attempt) to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. ②She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test at the first attempt. ③The man was put into prison last night，charged with attempted (attempt) murder. ④Some time after 10，000 BCE，people made the first real attempt to control (control) the world they lived in，through agriculture. ⑤如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。(应用文写作之劝慰信) If you fail at the/your first attempt，there is no need to care about that. [真题衔接]　⑥(2023·全国乙卷)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph (photograph). measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n.尺寸；程度；措施 (1)measure...by... 用……来衡量…… (2)make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸做(衣服等) in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 单句语法填空/完成句子/赏句猜义 ①Success shouldn’t be measured (measure) only by how much money you have. ②The government has taken measures to bring (bring) down the high prices of house. ③I guess this coat is not made to my measure，because it is too large for me. ④The new bridge under construction，measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed next month. ⑤令她欣慰的是，她的善良和慷慨最大程度地得到了回报。(读后续写之乐于助人) To her relief，her kindness and generosity were repaid to her in full measure. [真题衔接]　⑥(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The route measured five kilometers，from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain. v.有……长 breathe vi.&vt.呼吸(派生词：①breath n.呼吸　②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的) (1)breathe in 　　　　 吸气 breathe out 呼气 (2)breathe v. 将(生气、信心或兴奋等)注入 breathe (new) life into sth (给某事物)带来起色，注入活力 (3)take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地 take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹，令人叹绝 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our breath (breathe)，Steve got down on one knee. 学生用书⬇第81页 ②The city is seeking to breathe life into its tourism industry and make such development more sustainable by holding more folk music activities. ③The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly. ④母亲深吸了一口气，用手指抚摸着凌乱的头发，困惑地看着我的眼睛。 Mother took a deep breath，ran her fingers through her messy hair and looked into my eyes with a puzzled look. ⑤比赛结果公布时，队员们屏住呼吸，希望能听到自己球队的名字。 As the results were announced，the players held their breath，hoping to hear their team’s name. [中国元素]　The fragrant smell of steaming dumplings filled the air，making my mouth water and taking my breath away.空气中弥漫着香气扑鼻的蒸饺味道，使我的口水直流，令我陶醉其中。 base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地(派生词：①basis n.基础；基点；基准；方式　②basic adj.基本的，基础的　③basically adv.大体上；基本上；总的说来；从根本上说) (1)base...on/upon... 　　　　　　　　把……置于……基础之上 be based on 以……为基础/根据 (2)on the basis of 以……为基础 on a regular basis 经常地 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research instead of personal experience. ②(2021·浙江6月卷)We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based (base) on a simple cue，such as the sight of teeth... ③(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a regular basis. ④The training program focused on teaching the basic (base) skills needed for effective communication. ⑤根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说真是一个很好的方式。(应用文写作之语言学习) Based on my own experience，learning English online is really a great way for English learners. [真题衔接]　⑥(2024·全国甲卷)Basically (basic)，it means eating only as much food as your body needs. ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿(派生词：ambitious adj.有抱负的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的) (1)achieve/realize one’s ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负；如愿以偿 an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 做某事的追求/理想/抱负 (2)be ambitious to do sth 一心想做某事 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His ambition to work (work) as a lawyer is likely to be realized in the near future. ②My brother’s ambition is to become (become) a pilot after graduation. ③Galileo was not merely ambitious (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. 学生用书⬇第82页 ④在一个小镇长大，她想成为一名著名女演员的雄心似乎是一个遥远的梦想，但她的天赋和毅力最终使她取得了成功。(应用文写作之人物介绍) Growing up in a small town，her ambition to become a famous actress seemed like a distant dream，but her talent and perseverance eventually led her to success. [名师点津]　ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。 [中国元素]　Her ambition to revive traditional Chinese opera has brought new life to this age-old art form，attracting younger audiences.她复兴中国传统戏曲的雄心为这种古老的艺术形式注入了新的活力，吸引了年轻观众。 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 as if引导状语从句 [教材原句]　I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我感觉不舒服，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 [以练促学]　完成句子 ①她对待这个可怜的男孩就像他是她自己的孩子一样。 She treats the poor boy as if he were her own child. ②打破窗户的是约翰。你为什么跟我谈话，好像我做的一样？ It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it？ ③他盯着我看，好像是第一次看到我似的。 He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. ④当我走进来时，每个人都在看着我，这让我突然觉得好像我做错了什么似的。 When I walked in，everyone was looking at me，which made me suddenly feel as though/if I had done something wrong. [用法归纳] as if＝as though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果as if/though所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； ③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (3)as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。 the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... [教材原句]　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell... 第一，物体越大，下落得越快…… 学生用书⬇第83页 [以练促学]　完成句子 ①当我走在一条泥土路上的时候，天越黑，我越害怕。 While I was walking on the dirt path，the darker it was，the more frightened I was. ②志愿者越多，居民面临的困难就越少。 The more volunteers there are，the fewer difficulties residents will face. ③祖国越强大，人们就越幸福。 The more powerful our motherland is，the happier people will be. ④她越想这事，就变得越沮丧。 The more she thought about it，the more depressed she became. [用法归纳] (1)“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型，意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化； (2)前一个“the＋比较级...”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级...”通常相当于主句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；主句用一般将来时)； (3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，常省略系动词be。 Part 3　语境辨义·举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义_____写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1.(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all-around title，she became the first black woman to do so. n.冠军 2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You’ll hear these participants’stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. n.陷阱 3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Once the registration form is received and processed，we will send a confirmation email within two business days. vt.审核 Ⅱ.一词多义 1.lecture [对点微练] _____选出lecture的含义 A.n.讲座　B.n.训斥，谴责　C.vi.作演讲；讲课 D.vt.指责，告诫 ①He began to lecture us about making too much noise. 　D　 ②She travelled widely in North America，lecturing on women’s rights. 　C　 ③My father caught me and gave me a long lecture about the dangers of drink. 　B　 ④Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. 　A　 2.wave [对点微练] _____选出wave的含义 A.n.海浪；波涛　B.n.波　C.vt.挥动 ①At night，I listened to the sound of the waves breaking against the shore. 　A　 ②We had some difficulties，but we were determined to accomplish our task and wave our national flag in outer space no matter what happened. 　C　 ③Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. 　B　 3.title n.标题，题目；头衔；冠军 [对点微练] _____赏句猜义 ①The title will be officially given to him at a ceremony in London. n.头衔 学生用书⬇第84页 ②He became the country’s first Olympic gold medallist when he won the 400m title in 1948. n.冠军 ③The title of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it. n.标题，题目 4.operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作 [对点微练] _____赏句猜义 ①The operation could prolong his life by two or three years. n.手术 ②Operation of the device is extremely simple. n.操作 ③The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. n.行动 5.observe vt.观察；注意到；遵守；庆祝 [对点微练] _____赏句猜义 ①Anyone who comes here must observe the social distancing rules and wear a mask. vt.遵守 ②Last weekend，our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals.vt.观察 ③Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother’s face. vt.注意到 ④Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival. vt.庆祝 Ⅲ.构词拓义_____写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1.But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). n.生态学家 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ecology n.生态；生态学→ecologist n.生态学家，生态学者→ecological adj.生态的；生态学的 2.By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. adj.神秘的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的，奇怪的，难以理解的 3.(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. adj.不间断的，持续不断的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 interrupt vt.打断讲话→interrupted adj.被中断的→uninterrupted adj.不间断的，持续不断的；不受阻挡的→interruption n.打扰，插嘴；阻断物；中断时间 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2024·全国甲卷)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve (improve) the situation. 2.(2024·全国甲卷)There，they would walk through deep water，sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their breath (breathe) while they watched all action going on around them. 3.(2024·浙江1月卷)We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air，so we cannot be causing drought (dry). 4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic (base) principles of photography in the wild. 5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The loss (lose) of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. 学生用书⬇第85页 6.(2024·九省联考卷)As prey animals，parrots are often frightened (frighten) by exposure to new household items or strangers. 7.(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally (equal) contact(联系) and share with one another. 8.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)“As long as I get close enough，no criminal can escape from me，” he said. 9.(2021·浙江6月卷)...even during his last few years，he always had a sense of curiosity (curious)，wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. 10.Jones was shocked (shock)when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空或者填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) It was a hot summer.Some junior school boys were playing near a river where they felt very curious 1.about the stones on the bottom of the river.One recommended they pick some of the stones and they could swim 2.to fight (fight) against the heat at the same time.The others agreed.Soon after they swam in the river，3.a disastrous thing happened.One boy 4.was drowned (drown) in the deep part.The other boys felt very frightened.Then they began to swim to him，5.attempting (attempt) to save him.6.Unfortunately (unfortunate)，they failed.At that moment，a young man 7.who/that was passing by observed the boys struggling in the water，without 8.thinking (think)，the man jumped into the river.He saved the boys one by one. Though he felt very exhausted，he felt very 9.satisfied (satisfy) because no one died.When the villagers arrived，they praised the young man for his 10.bravery (brave)，but he walked away without saying who he was. Ⅲ.写作佳句回眸练 1.老人谈论过去，好像他仍然年轻似的。(as if引导状语从句) The old man talked about the past as if he were still young. 2.你计划得越仔细，结果就会越好。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) The more carefully you plan，the better the outcome will be. 3.她之所以这么受欢迎是因为她总是友好和乐于助人。(the reason why...is that...句型) The reason why she’s so popular is that she’s always friendly and helpful. 4.桌子上放着一封写给他的信。(完全倒装句) On the table lay a letter addressed to him. 5.她第二次攀登这座山的尝试成功了。(动词不定式作定语) Her second attempt to climb the mountain was successful. Ⅳ.长难句剖析 1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。动词-ing形式短语working in the garden作主句的主语；many of whom引导定语从句，修饰Jaramillo’s special education students。 尝试翻译：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’re lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 自主剖析：本句为but连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，If引导条件状语从句，where引导的宾语从句作介词near的宾语；后面的分句中，it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to find places in a city作真正的主语，that引导的定语从句修饰名词city。 尝试翻译：如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。 学生用书⬇第86页 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练(人与自然______洪水救援) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作，再背诵。 [情境呈现] 假定你是李华，最近看到救援队不畏危险，拯救被困在洪水中的人们的英雄事迹，你感触颇深。请你写一篇英文文章，报道这件事。 [思路点拨] [语料积累] 词汇语料 1.单元词汇：disaster，horrible，rescue，vehicle，trap，survive，prove，battle，frightened，duty 2.拓展词汇：strike，be desperate for，spring into action，be equipped with 经典句型 1.Racing against time， the rescue teams rushed to the flooded areas， determined to save as many lives as possible. 救援队伍和时间赛跑，紧急赶往洪灾地区，决心拯救尽可能多的生命。 2.The volunteers who had come from all over the country joined hands to help the flood victims， providing them with both physical and emotional support. 那些来自全国各地的志愿者们携手帮助洪灾受害者，为他们提供物质和精神上的支持。 续表 经典句型 3.It was the quick response of the rescue teams that saved many lives in the face of the sudden flood. 正是救援队伍的快速反应，在突如其来的洪水面前拯救了许多生命。 [写作输出] In recent days，a flood disaster struck our area，1.leaving many people trapped in their homes(使许多人被困在他们的家中；动词-ing形式作状语).They 2.were desperate for help(渴望帮助).Despite the horrible conditions，3.local rescue teams sprung into action(当地救援队们立刻采取了行动). 4.The rescue vehicles which were equipped with advanced equipment(配备着先进设备的救援车；定语从句)navigated through the flooded streets，5.rescuing frightened individuals(营救受到惊吓的人们；动词-ing形式作状语).The rescue workers fought a battle against time and the rising waters，6.ensuring the safety of those people(确保了这些人的安全).Their actions were driven by a sense of duty and the desire to save lives. 7.It is because of their efforts that many people survived and escaped the deadly floodwaters(正是由于他们的努力，许多人幸存下来，逃离了致命的洪水；强调句).Their dedication to saving lives and providing assistance in times of disaster is a shining example of humanity at its best. [多元表达] 　将句1和句2合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句子 In recent days，a flood disaster struck our area，leaving many people trapped in their homes，who were desperate for help. Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(海上求生_____坚守希望) [情境呈现] Sara和朋友们在海上冲浪时，天气突然恶化，风势加大，情况变得危急。救援船只设法救出了除Sara外的所有人，因为Sara离岸更远，且风浪太大，使得救援船只无法靠近。随着夜幕降临，Sara被吹得越来越远，救援船只因危险而被迫返回港口，搜索被迫中止…… 学生用书⬇第87页 [思路点拨] 抓紧冲浪板→风暴中挣扎→发现岸上的灯光→奋力靠岸 [语料积累] 场景词汇 reunite with 与……重聚；hold on tightly抓紧，紧握；will n.意志；howl v.呼啸，怒吼；fiercely adv.猛烈地；crash v.碰撞，撞击；spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事；exhausted adj.疲惫不堪的；make it to成功到达…… 细节描写 1.Surfing on the sea with her friends， Sara was enjoying the thrill of the waves when suddenly the weather worsened， her face turning pale with worry as the wind picked up. 正和朋友们在海上冲浪，萨拉享受着海浪带来的刺激，这时天气突然恶化，随着风势加大，她的脸因担忧而变得苍白。 2.Struggling against the strong wind， Sara tried to swim towards the shore， her arms waving desperately in the rough water as she fought to stay afloat. 萨拉在强风中挣扎着，试图向岸边游去，她的双臂在汹涌的海水中拼命划动，努力让自己浮在水面上。 3.Sara and her friends were surfing on the sea， which was calm at first， but suddenly the weather worsened， making the situation extremely dangerous. 萨拉和她的朋友们正在海上冲浪，大海起初很平静，但突然天气恶化了，这使得情况变得极其危险。 4.As night fell， Sara was still adrift in the sea， her hope of being rescued fading， which was a terrifying situation for her. 随着夜幕降临，萨拉仍在海上漂流，她被救援的希望越来越渺茫，这对她来说是一个可怕的情况。 5.Only when the weather suddenly worsened did Sara and her friends realize how dangerous surfing on the sea could be， their expressions changing to ones of alarm. 只有当天气突然恶化时，萨拉和她的朋友们才意识到在海上冲浪可能有多危险，他们的表情变得惊恐起来。 6.With the weather suddenly worsening and the wind picking up， Sara and her friends’surfing fun turned into a nightmare. 随着天气突然恶化，风势加大，萨拉和她的朋友们的冲浪乐趣变成了一场噩梦。 [写作输出] Sara’s thoughts immediately turned to what needed to be done.1.Driven by the thought of reuniting with her family(在与家人团聚的念头驱使下；动词-ed形式作状语)，she held on tightly to her surfboard.2.It was now her only lifeline(它是她现在唯一的生命线).The storm was still strong and 3.so was her will to struggle with and survive it(她挣扎求生的意志也是如此；so引起的部分倒装句).4.With the wind howling fiercely and waves crashing around her(随着狂风呼啸和海浪在她周围撞击着；with复合结构)，she spared no efforts to swim to the shore.5.Exhausted but not defeated(疲惫但没有被打败)，Sara spotted a distant light onshore.With the last of her strength，6.she finally made it to the shore(她最终到达了岸上). [多元表达] 　将句1和句2合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句子 Driven by the thought of reuniting with her family，she held on tightly to her surfboard，which was now her only lifeline. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $