摘要:
该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了重大版选必1 Unit 1 "Hope and love"单元词汇,涵盖60余个核心单词及17个重点短语,搭建了从"词形变化-派生词关联"到"核心考点解析"再到"情境例句应用"的递进式学习支架。
清单通过"词汇-派生-考点"三维整合呈现知识体系,如"fog"与"foggy"的词形转换、"word"与"wordless""wording"的派生关联,标注"in other words""keep one's word"等高频考点,培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计"一词多义对比"(如"word"表"话语/单词/诺言")和"短语结构提示"(如"have no way of knowing…"的固定搭配),助力学生精准掌握,教师可直接用于词汇教学与应用训练,提升教学实效。
内容正文:
重大版 选必1 Unit 1 Hope and love.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
fog n. 雾
名词复数:fogs
foggy adj. 有雾的;模糊的
1. thick fog(浓雾)2. in the fog(在雾中)
The city was covered in thick fog this morning.(今天早上这座城市被浓雾笼罩。)
2
foggy adj. 有雾的;模糊的
比较级:foggier;最高级:foggiest
fog n. 雾
1. foggy weather(有雾的天气)2. foggy memory(模糊的记忆)
It's foggy today, so drive carefully on the road.(今天有雾,路上开车小心。)
3
wordless adj. 无言的;沉默的
比较级:more wordless;最高级:most wordless
word n. 话语;单词
1. wordless communication(无言的交流)2. wordless smile(沉默的微笑)
They exchanged a wordless glance and understood each other.(他们交换了一个无言的眼神,彼此心领神会。)
4
word n. 话语;单词;诺言
名词复数:words
1. wordless adj. 无言的2. wording n. 措辞
1. in other words(换句话说)2. keep one's word(信守诺言)
He always keeps his word and never breaks promises.(他总是信守诺言,从不违约。)
5
soul n. 心灵;灵魂;精神
名词复数:souls
soulful adj. 充满深情的
1. from the bottom of one's soul(发自内心)2. soul mate(灵魂伴侣)
She sings with all her soul in every performance.(她每次表演都全身心投入地歌唱。)
6
childish adj. 孩子的;孩子气的
比较级:more childish;最高级:most childish
1. child n. 孩子2. childhood n. 童年
1. childish behavior(孩子气的行为)2. childish idea(幼稚的想法)
It's childish to argue over such a small matter.(为这么小的事争论太孩子气了。)
7
imitate vt. 模仿;效仿
过去式/过去分词:imitated
imitation n. 模仿;仿制品
1. imitate sb.'s voice(模仿某人的声音)2. imitate the way of doing(效仿做法)
The little boy likes to imitate his father's gestures.(这个小男孩喜欢模仿他爸爸的手势。)
8
uncomprehending adj. 不理解的;困惑的
比较级:more uncomprehending;最高级:most uncomprehending
1. comprehend v. 理解2. comprehension n. 理解(力)
1. uncomprehending look(困惑的表情)2. be uncomprehending of(对……不理解)
She gave him an uncomprehending stare when he spoke in English.(他说英语时,她困惑地盯着他。)
9
comprehend vi. 理解;领悟;vt. 理解
过去式/过去分词:comprehended
1. comprehension n. 理解(力)2. comprehensive adj. 全面的
1. comprehend the meaning(理解意思)2. hard to comprehend(难以理解)
It's not easy to comprehend the depth of his words.(要理解他话语的深意并不容易。)
10
rapidly adv. 迅速地;快速地
无比较级/最高级
1. rapid adj. 迅速的2. rapidity n. 迅速
1. develop rapidly(快速发展)2. change rapidly(迅速变化)
The technology has developed rapidly in recent years.(近年来这项技术发展迅速。)
11
still adj. 静止的;不动的;adv. 仍然;还
形容词比较级:stiller;最高级:stillest
无
1. still water(静水)2. still remain(仍然保持)
The lake is still in the early morning.(清晨的湖面一片平静。)
12
mystery n. 奥秘;奥妙;神秘的事物
名词复数:mysteries
mysterious adj. 神秘的
1. solve a mystery(解开谜团)2. a sense of mystery(神秘感)
The ancient ruins are full of mystery.(这座古遗址充满了神秘色彩。)
13
living adj. 活生生的;有生命的;现存的;n. 生活;生计
形容词无比较级;名词不可数
live vi./vt. 活;居住
1. living creature(生物)2. living standard(生活水平)
There are many rare living species in the rainforest.(雨林中有许多珍稀的生物物种。)
14
cite vi. 引用;援引;vt. 引用
过去式/过去分词:cited
citation n. 引用;引文
1. cite an example(举例)2. cite a source(引用来源)
He cited a famous writer in his composition.(他在作文中引用了一位著名作家的话。)
15
justify vt. 证明……是正当的;为……辩护
过去式/过去分词:justified
justification n. 正当理由;辩护
1. justify one's actions(为自己的行为辩护)2. be justified in doing(做……是正当的)
She felt justified in asking for a raise.(她认为自己要求加薪是合理的。)
16
saying n. 格言;谚语;警句
名词复数:sayings
say v. 说;讲
1. famous saying(名言)2. as the saying goes(常言道)
As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect."(常言道,“熟能生巧”。)
17
shadow n. 影子;阴影;身影
名词复数:shadows
shadowy adj. 阴暗的;模糊的
1. cast a shadow(投下影子)2. in the shadow of(在……的阴影下)
The tree cast a long shadow on the ground at sunset.(日落时,树在地上投下了长长的影子。)
18
ease n. 舒适;安逸;v. 减轻;缓解
名词不可数;动词过去式/过去分词:eased
easy adj. 容易的;舒适的
1. live in ease(过着安逸的生活)2. ease pain(缓解疼痛)
She enjoys the ease of retired life.(她享受退休生活的安逸。)
19
trial n. 磨炼;考验;审判
名词复数:trials
无
1. a trial of strength(力量的考验)2. stand the trial(经受考验)
Hardships are a trial of one's courage.(磨难是对一个人勇气的考验。)
20
ambition n. 雄心;抱负;志向
名词复数:ambitions
ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有抱负的
1. achieve one's ambition(实现抱负)2. burning ambition(强烈的抱负)
His ambition is to become a famous scientist.(他的志向是成为一名著名的科学家。)
21
harbour (harbor) n. 海港;港口;vt. 庇护;怀有
名词复数:harbours;动词过去式/过去分词:harboured
无
1. international harbour(国际海港)2. harbour hope(怀有希望)
Many ships are berthed at the harbour.(许多船只停泊在海港。)
22
doll n. 玩偶;玩具娃娃
名词复数:dolls
无
1. cloth doll(布娃娃)2. toy doll(玩具娃娃)
She received a beautiful doll as a birthday gift.(她收到一个漂亮的玩偶作为生日礼物。)
23
pin n. 大头针;别针;vt. 别住;钉住
名词复数:pins;动词过去式/过去分词:pinned
无
1. safety pin(安全别针)2. pin sth. to(把某物别在……上)
She pinned the note to the noticeboard.(她把便条别在了布告栏上。)
24
spout n. 管口;喷;(喷出的)水柱;v. 喷出;喷射
名词复数:spouts;动词过去式/过去分词:spouted
无
1. water spout(水柱;喷水口)2. spout water(喷水)
Water spouted from the broken pipe.(水从破裂的管道中喷出。)
25
have no way of knowing… 无法知道
无词形变化
无
1. have no way of knowing the truth(无法知道真相)2. have no way of knowing the result(无法知道结果)
We have no way of knowing what the future holds.(我们无法知道未来会发生什么。)
26
shine on (使)照射在……上;照耀
无词形变化
无
1. shine on the ground(照射在地上)2. sun shine on(太阳照耀在……上)
The sun shone brightly on the beach all day.(太阳一整天都明亮地照耀着海滩。)
27
lead… into 把……领/带进;使陷入
无词形变化
无
1. lead sb. into the room(把某人领进房间)2. lead into trouble(陷入麻烦)
The guide led the tourists into the ancient temple.(导游把游客们领进了古寺。)
28
a little while 不久;一会儿
无词形变化
无
1. wait for a little while(等一会儿)2. after a little while(过了不久)
Please wait for a little while; he will be right back.(请等一会儿,他马上就回来。)
29
spell into 把(单词)拼写到……里
无词形变化
无
1. spell a word into the notebook(把单词拼写到笔记本里)2. spell the name into the form(把名字拼写到表格里)
She spelled her name into the registration form carefully.(她仔细地把自己的名字拼写到登记表里。)
30
succeed in 在……中获得成功;成功做到
无词形变化
无
1. succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事)2. succeed in business(在商界成功)
He succeeded in passing the difficult exam.(他成功通过了这场难度大的考试。)
31
be flushed with 因……而脸红;因……而兴奋
无词形变化
无
1. be flushed with shyness(因害羞而脸红)2. be flushed with joy(因喜悦而兴奋)
She was flushed with excitement when she won the prize.(获奖时她因兴奋而满脸通红。)
32
in the following days 在接下来的日子里;在随后的几天里
无词形变化
无
1. in the following days after the event(事件后的几天里)2. in the following days of study(接下来的学习日子里)
In the following days, we visited many places of interest.(在接下来的日子里,我们参观了许多名胜古迹。)
33
a great many 很多;许多(后接可数名词复数)
无词形变化
无
1. a great many books(很多书)2. a great many students(许多学生)
A great many people attended the opening ceremony.(很多人参加了开幕式。)
34
draw water 汲水;打水
无词形变化
无
1. draw water from the well(从井里汲水)2. draw water for cooking(打水做饭)
In the past, people had to draw water from rivers for daily use.(过去,人们不得不从河里打水供日常使用。)
35
flow over 从……上流过;溢出
无词形变化
无
1. water flow over the bank(水从河岸溢出)2. tears flow over the cheeks(泪水从脸颊流下)
The river flowed over its banks after the heavy rain.(大雨过后,河水漫过了河岸。)
36
set… free 释放;使……变得自由
无词形变化
无
1. set a bird free(放飞小鸟)2. set sb. free from(使某人从……中解脱)
They set the captured animal free in the forest.(他们把捕获的动物放回了森林。)
37
give birth to 孕育;产仔;引起;产生……
无词形变化
无
1. give birth to a baby(生孩子)2. give birth to new ideas(产生新想法)
The scientist's research gave birth to a new technology.(这位科学家的研究催生了一项新技术。)
38
at the close of 在……结束时;在……末
无词形变化
无
1. at the close of the year(在年末)2. at the close of the meeting(在会议结束时)
At the close of the party, everyone sang a song together.(派对结束时,大家一起唱了一首歌。)
39
long for 渴望;向往
无词形变化
无
1. long for freedom(渴望自由)2. long for home(思念家乡)
People long for peace and happiness in life.(人们渴望生活中的和平与幸福。)
40
frozen adj. 冻结的;冰封的;冷冻的
无比较级/最高级
freeze vt. 使……冻结;vi. 结冰
1. frozen food(冷冻食品)2. frozen river(结冰的河)
We bought some frozen fish for dinner tonight.(我们买了些冷冻鱼今晚吃。)
41
freeze vt. 使……冻结;vi. 结冰;冻结
过去式:froze;过去分词:frozen
frozen adj. 冻结的
1. freeze water(冻水)2. freeze in fear(吓得呆住)
The cold weather froze the lake solid.(寒冷的天气把湖面冻得结结实实。)
42
resolution n. 决心;决议;解决
名词复数:resolutions
resolve vt. 决心;解决
1. make a resolution(下定决心)2. pass a resolution(通过决议)
She made a resolution to study harder next term.(她下定决心下学期更努力学习。)
43
self-improvement n. 自我改善;自我修养
不可数名词
improve v. 改善;提高
1. personal self-improvement(个人自我提升)2. efforts at self-improvement(自我完善的努力)
Reading is an important way of self-improvement.(阅读是自我提升的重要方式。)
44
at the beginning of 在……的开始;在……之初
无词形变化
无
1. at the beginning of the year(在年初)2. at the beginning of the book(在书的开头)
At the beginning of the class, the teacher introduced herself.(上课伊始,老师做了自我介绍。)
45
hearing n. 听力;听觉;听证会
不可数名词
hear v. 听见;听说
1. sense of hearing(听觉)2. lose one's hearing(失聪)
His hearing was affected by the loud noise.(嘈杂的噪音影响了他的听力。)
46
further adj. 进一步的;更远的;adv. 进一步地
形容词比较级:further;最高级:furthest
far adj. 远的;adv. 远地
1. further study(进一步学习)2. go further(走得更远)
We need to do further research on this problem.(我们需要对这个问题做进一步的研究。)
47
institute n. 学院;机构;vt. 建立;制定
名词复数:institutes;动词过去式/过去分词:instituted
institution n. 机构;制度
1. research institute(研究所)2. educational institute(教育机构)
He works in a famous scientific research institute.(他在一家著名的科研机构工作。)
48
Bachelor of Arts 文学学士
无词形变化
无
无
She graduated from the university with a Bachelor of Arts.(她从这所大学毕业,获得文学学士学位。)
49
activist n. 积极分子;活动家
名词复数:activists
active adj. 积极的;活跃的
1. environmental activist(环保积极分子)2. social activist(社会活动家)
The activist devoted his life to helping the poor.(这位活动家毕生致力于帮助穷人。)
50
educator n. 教育家;教育工作者
名词复数:educators
educate v. 教育;培养
1. famous educator(著名教育家)2. primary school educator(小学教育工作者)
Confucius is a great educator in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上伟大的教育家。)
51
educate v. 教育;培养;训练
过去式/过去分词:educated
1. educator n. 教育家2. education n. 教育
1. educate children(教育孩子)2. be educated at school(在学校接受教育)
Parents should educate their children to be kind.(父母应该教育孩子要善良。)
52
founder n. 创始人;建立者
名词复数:founders
found vt. 创办;成立
1. founder of the company(公司创始人)2. founder of the school(学校创办者)
He is the founder of a famous technology company.(他是一家著名科技公司的创始人。)
53
found vt. 创办;成立;建立
过去式/过去分词:founded
1. founder n. 创始人2. foundation n. 基础;基金会
1. found a school(创办学校)2. found a company(成立公司)
The university was founded in 1950.(这所大学创办于1950年。)
54
promoter n. 发起人;推广者;促进者
名词复数:promoters
promote vt. 促进;推广
1. event promoter(活动发起人)2. promoter of culture(文化推广者)
She is the promoter of this international art festival.(她是这次国际艺术节的发起人。)
55
promote vt. 促进;提升;推广
过去式/过去分词:promoted
1. promoter n. 发起人2. promotion n. 提升;推广
1. promote friendship(促进友谊)2. promote a product(推广产品)
The government took measures to promote economic development.(政府采取措施促进经济发展。)
56
foundation n. 基金会;基础;地基
名词复数:foundations
found vt. 创办;建立
1. charity foundation(慈善基金会)2. lay the foundation(奠定基础)
The foundation of this building is very solid.(这座大楼的地基非常牢固。)
57
painful adj. 痛苦的;令人疼痛的
比较级:more painful;最高级:most painful
1. pain n. 疼痛;痛苦2. painfully adv. 痛苦地
1. painful experience(痛苦的经历)2. painful injury(疼痛的伤口)
She had a painful experience when she lost her friend.(失去朋友时,她经历了一段痛苦的时光。)
58
puzzle vt. 使困惑;n. 谜;难题
动词过去式/过去分词:puzzled;名词复数:puzzles
puzzled adj. 困惑的;puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
1. puzzle sb.(使某人困惑)2. solve a puzzle(解谜题)
The difficult math problem puzzled all the students.(这道难数学题让所有学生都感到困惑。)
59
sweetness n. 甜;芬芳;可爱
不可数名词
sweet adj. 甜的;可爱的
1. sweetness of honey(蜂蜜的甜味)2. sweetness of smile(微笑的甜美)
We could smell the sweetness of flowers in the garden.(我们能闻到花园里花朵的芬芳。)
60
sweet adj. 甜的;可爱的;n. 甜食;糖果
形容词比较级:sweeter;名词复数:sweets
sweetness n. 甜;芬芳
1. sweet food(甜食)2. sweet smile(甜美的微笑)
The strawberries are very sweet this season.(这个季节的草莓很甜。)
61
string vt. 用线串;n. 线;细绳;一串
动词过去式/过去分词:strung;名词复数:strings
无
1. string beads(串珠子)2. a string of pearls(一串珍珠)
She strung the colorful beads into a necklace.(她把五颜六色的珠子串成了一条项链。)
62
necklace n. 项链
名词复数:necklaces
无
1. pearl necklace(珍珠项链)2. wear a necklace(戴项链)
Her mother gave her a silver necklace as a birthday gift.(她妈妈送了一条银项链作为她的生日礼物。)
63
earth n. 泥土;地球;大地
不可数名词(泥土/地球)
earthen adj. 泥土做的;earthly adj. 尘世的
1. on the earth(在地球上)2. fresh earth(新鲜泥土)
Plants grow well in rich earth.(植物在肥沃的泥土里长得好。)
64
pour vt. 倾;倒;灌;vi. 倾泻
过去式/过去分词:poured
无
1. pour water(倒水)2. pour down(倾泻)
She poured a glass of milk for her little brother.(她给弟弟倒了一杯牛奶。)
65
invisible adj. 看不见的;无形的
比较级:more invisible;最高级:most invisible
visible adj. 可见的(反义词)
1. invisible to the eye(肉眼看不见的)2. invisible hand(无形的手)
Air is invisible but necessary for life.(空气是看不见的,但对生命至关重要。)
66
visible adj. 可见的;有形的;明显的
比较级:more visible;最高级:most visible
invisible adj. 看不见的(反义词)
1. visible to all(所有人都能看见的)2. visible effect(明显的效果)
The damage to the building is visible to the naked eye.(这座大楼的损坏肉眼可见。)
67
bead n. (空心)小珠子;水珠
名词复数:beads
无
1. glass bead(玻璃珠)2. water bead(水珠)
The little girl decorated her bag with colorful beads.(小女孩用彩色珠子装饰了她的书包。)
68
splendour ['splendə] n. 光辉;壮丽;辉煌(美式:splendor)
不可数名词
splendid adj. 壮丽的;辉煌的
1. the splendour of the sunset(日落的光辉)2. the splendour of ancient palaces(古宫殿的壮丽)
We were shocked by the splendour of the royal palace.(我们被皇宫的壮丽所震撼。)
69
put one's arms around sb. 用胳膊搂着某人
无词形变化
无
1. put one's arms around mother(搂着妈妈)2. put one's arms around friend(搂着朋友)
She put her arms around her father and cried.(她搂着爸爸哭了起来。)
70
point to 指向;指着
无词形变化
无
1. point to the map(指着地图)2. point to the door(指向门口)
He pointed to the distant mountains and told us a story.(他指着远处的群山,给我们讲了一个故事。)
71
half… and half… 一半……一半……
无词形变化
无
1. half milk and half water(一半牛奶一半水)2. half Chinese and half English(一半中文一半英文)
The drink is half juice and half soda.(这种饮料一半是果汁,一半是汽水。)
72
shake one's head 摇头(表示否定或不同意)
无词形变化
无
1. shake one's head at the idea(对这个想法摇头)2. shake one's head gently(轻轻摇头)
He shook his head and said he couldn't help.(他摇了摇头,说自己帮不上忙。)
73
arrange… in the right order 按正确顺序排列
无词形变化
无
1. arrange books in the right order(按正确顺序排列书籍)2. arrange numbers in the right order(按正确顺序排列数字)
Please arrange the cards in the right order according to the story.(请根据故事内容把卡片按正确顺序排列。)
74
in a flash 立刻;一瞬间
无词形变化
无
1. understand in a flash(立刻明白)2. disappear in a flash(一瞬间消失)
He remembered the answer in a flash during the exam.(考试时他一瞬间就想起了答案。)
75
in the light of 鉴于;由于;按照
无词形变化
无
1. in the light of facts(鉴于事实)2. in the light of experience(按照经验)
In the light of his poor health, he decided to retire early.(鉴于他身体不好,他决定提前退休。)
76
pour into 注入;倾入;大量涌入
无词形变化
无
1. pour water into the bottle(把水注入瓶子)2. people pour into the city(人们涌入城市)
She poured the soup into a bowl carefully.(她小心翼翼地把汤倒进碗里。)
77
burst upon 突然明白;突然出现
无词形变化
无
1. the truth burst upon sb.(某人突然明白真相)2. a new idea burst upon him(他突然想到一个新主意)
The truth burst upon her when she read the letter.(读了这封信,她突然明白了真相。)
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