三年真题解读02（阅读七选五）-2026年高考英语终极对决锦囊·三年真题解读&四层模考储能

三年真题解读01(阅读七选五) 一、信息统计 卷 别 主题语境 体 裁 话 题 设空位置及数量 干扰项 2025·全国一卷 人与社会 记叙文 咖啡馆里平凡英雄 段首设空0 AB选项 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2025·全国二卷 人与社会 说明文 家人同参志愿活动 段首设空2 AD选项 段中设空2 段尾设空1 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 使用英语词典心得 段首设空1 CG选项 段中设空4 段尾设空0 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 人与自我 说明文 如何避免过度旅游 段首设空1 DF选项 段中设空3 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 自我宽恕增强自信 段首设空0 AE选项 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 人与自我 说明文 开启艺术之旅建议 段首设空1 BF选项 段中设空3 段尾设空1 二、多维解读 1. 从所给文本的体裁上看，三年全国高考说明文占据绝对数，记叙文就一篇； 2. 从主题语境上看，涉及到人与社会和人与自我两大主题，未涉及人与自然的主题； 3. 从话题上看，话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。 4. 从设空位置上看，段中设空为主(三年计20题)，段首、段尾设空为辅(三年各为5题)； 5. 从备选项上看，三年所给备选项均为完整的句子，且句式丰富多变：从“句子用途”维度看，有(肯定和否定的)陈述句、一般疑问句、(肯定和否定的)祈使句；从“句子结构”维度看：有简单句、并列句、复合句。备选项皆按照由句子的长度进行排序。多余的两项对正确选项的干扰度普遍较大； 6. 从原文篇幅和备选项字数上看：三年高考(除2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷外)大都控制在250字左右；原文篇幅和备选项字数呈现出两种情况：正相关(原文字数多的，备选项字数也多)和负相关(原文字数多/少的，备选项字数相对就少/多)。 卷 别 原文字数 备选项字数 2025·全国一卷 255 85 2025·全国二卷 248 83 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 271 61 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 259 52 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 241 82 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 256 63 【2025·全国一卷】 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. ___36___ Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. ___37___ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. ___38___ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力)and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.___39___ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. ___40___ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【2025·全国二卷】 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? ___36___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___37___ ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. ___38___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● ___39___ Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___40___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). ___36___ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. ___37___ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ___38___ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ___39___ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. ___40___ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 【2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷】 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● ___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错)is human. ___36___ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ___37___ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ___38___ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ___39___ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ___40___ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷】 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ●Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本)for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___36___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ●Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___ ●Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ●___39___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈)is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___40___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 一、解题通用四锦囊 1.“浏览”奠定解题基础 浏览原文，快断其体裁，了解其框架；浏览选项，速断其句式，理解其意义，为解题奠定基础。 2.“研读”明确解题抓手 研读设空位置，明确考向；再研备选项，抓住关键词汇，清晰定位方向。 3.“链接”定位匹配答案 根据备选项重点关键词汇，试着把各备选项与相关空格链接起来，进行定位；链接结合空格前后的逻辑关系，选定答案。 4.“验证”验证答案合理性 带着答案读一读，验证答案是否合理，验证剩下不选余下两项的理由是否充足，避免失分。 注意：阅读七选五的不同体裁、不同设空的解题锦囊，请参看本系列专题练中的有关内容。 【典例】 【2024·浙江1月卷】 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___36___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? ___37___ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___38___ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. ___39___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. ___40___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【演示解题锦囊】 友情提醒：仅供考生自主练习或考试后反思(复盘)时以及教师考后讲评时参考。 【浏览与研读】 【链接定位】 【匹配答案】 【干扰项分析】 二、八个“匹配”要遵守 1. 句式匹配 有标题文本的小标题的句式通常是一致的，多用祈使句或名词短语，可以从前后段落的小标题的句式来确定设空处的正确选项。无段落小标题的段首句也可采用句式一致的原则，从前后段落的首句句式来判断。有时候段中句也可用上下句句式结构一致的原则找出正确选项。 2. 指代匹配 句子中的代词会和上下句的名词形成一致的指代关系，可以根据空白处前后句的名词或代词来明确指代关系，确定正确选项。 3. 意义匹配 有时候，作者为了使行文逻辑合理，保持上下文意义一致，会复现上文提到的内容，上下文就会出现原词、同义词、同根词、反义词等，运用意义一致原则可以轻松找到答案。 4. 逻辑匹配 “七选五”主要考查学生对上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，而行文逻辑通常通过逻辑标志词来表示。 考生需要熟悉表示“并列关系、选择关系、因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、让步关系、递进关系、顺承关系、例证关系”的常见的标志词。 5. 问答匹配 “七选五”的选项或文章中会涉及到疑问句，可以根据下句的答语确定上句的问句，也可以根据上句的疑问句的种类来确定下句的答语。 6. 时态匹配 有些文本中，主体时态是一般现在时，中间会出现过去某个时间发生的事情，空格处所填句子用什么时态，要结合语境，判断动作发生的时间，句子的时态与时间保持一致。 7. 半截句匹配 阅读七选五半截句(备选项中有不能独立成句或意思不完整的选项)不是每年必考题，但又是经常遇到一个题型。这种题型考查三种情况：一是选填补上复合句中的主句或从句；二是选填补上并列句中的另一个分句；三是选填补上简单句的残缺部分。 8. 语义场匹配 语义场是借用物理学中的“场”的概念而来，它指的是若干个具有共同核心义素又有自己独立意义的一群词的聚合体。语义场有不同的层次，同一个语义场中单词相互联系，相互补充，词义有一定的交叉性。有些词代表的范围大，有些词代表的范围小，它们就存在上下义关系，代表的范围大的词叫上义词，代表的范围小的词叫下义词。有时候可以根据语义场一致的原则来锁定答案。 【典例】1 【2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ ___36___”  With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___ You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【典例】2 【2022·浙江1月卷】 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ___36___ Pick the most important. ___37___ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ___38___ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career(职业)around the people and activities you love. ___39___ You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进)toward a happy productive existence. ___40___ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A. Speed up. B. Be an active learner. C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. 【典例】3 【2022·全国甲卷】 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节)might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___. Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests ___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【典例】4 【2022·全国乙卷】 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships. ●Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系)and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___. ●More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy(共情) ___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. ●___39___ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ●Don’t rely on technology alone ___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【典例】5 【2019·新课标I卷】 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ___36___ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. ___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ___38___ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ___39___ It gives us a great feeling of peace. ___40___ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D  . To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【典例】6 【2020·全国新课标III卷】 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ___36___ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents. ___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. ___38___ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ___39___ Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ___40___ Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【典例】7 【2021·全国乙卷节选】 According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 【典例】8 【2018·全国新课标I卷节选】 Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? ___36___, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 三年真题解读01(阅读七选五) 一、信息统计 卷 别 主题语境 体 裁 话 题 设空位置及数量 干扰项 2025·全国一卷 人与社会 记叙文 咖啡馆里平凡英雄 段首设空0 AB选项 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2025·全国二卷 人与社会 说明文 家人同参志愿活动 段首设空2 AD选项 段中设空2 段尾设空1 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 使用英语词典心得 段首设空1 CG选项 段中设空4 段尾设空0 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 人与自我 说明文 如何避免过度旅游 段首设空1 DF选项 段中设空3 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 自我宽恕增强自信 段首设空0 AE选项 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 人与自我 说明文 开启艺术之旅建议 段首设空1 BF选项 段中设空3 段尾设空1 二、多维解读 1. 从所给文本的体裁上看，三年全国高考说明文占据绝对数，记叙文就一篇； 2. 从主题语境上看，涉及到人与社会和人与自我两大主题，未涉及人与自然的主题； 3. 从话题上看，话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。 4. 从设空位置上看，段中设空为主(三年计20题)，段首、段尾设空为辅(三年各为5题)； 5. 从备选项上看，三年所给备选项均为完整的句子，且句式丰富多变：从“句子用途”维度看，有(肯定和否定的)陈述句、一般疑问句、(肯定和否定的)祈使句；从“句子结构”维度看：有简单句、并列句、复合句。备选项皆按照由句子的长度进行排序。多余的两项对正确选项的干扰度普遍较大； 6. 从原文篇幅和备选项字数上看：三年高考(除2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷外)大都控制在250字左右；原文篇幅和备选项字数呈现出两种情况：正相关(原文字数多的，备选项字数也多)和负相关(原文字数多/少的，备选项字数相对就少/多)。 卷 别 原文字数 备选项字数 2025·全国一卷 255 85 2025·全国二卷 248 83 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 271 61 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 259 52 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 241 82 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 256 63 【2025·全国一卷】 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. ___36___ Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. ___37___ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. ___38___ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力)and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.___39___ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. ___40___ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【答案】36. E 37. D 38. C 39. F 40. G 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳•墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 36. 根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more.(课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境，故选E项。 37. 根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.(她在机器之间来回制作饮品)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.(当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.(完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程，故选D项。 38. 根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.(墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.(我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.(有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神，故选C项。 39. 根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.(乔安娜・赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天)”及下文“‘Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,’ Wright said.(赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系，故选F项。 40. 根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.(她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.(她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限之长，“can’t imagine working anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直接呼应，故选G项。 【2025·全国二卷】 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? ___36___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___37___ ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. ___38___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● ___39___ Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___40___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【答案】36. B 37. G 38. E 39. C 40. F 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。 36. 根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults?(你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.(全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境，故选B项。 37. 根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time.(你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.(然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.(志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联，故选G项。 38. 根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.(华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.(对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合，故选E项。 39. 根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come.(青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.(志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨，故选C项。 40. 根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.(一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.(每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before.(你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文，故选F项。 【2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). ___36___ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. ___37___ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ___38___ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ___39___ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. ___40___ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 36. 上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意，故选F项。 37. 上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用，故选B项。 38.下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容，故选E项。 39.下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系，故选A项。 40. 上文“ ‘To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work, ’wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ‘dull’”.(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系，故选D项。 【2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷】 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● ___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. G 36. 前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境，故选B。 37. 前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境，故选C。 38. 前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致，故选E。 39. 空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容，故选A。 40. 前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错)is human. ___36___ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ___37___ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ___38___ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ___39___ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ___40___ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. F 39. C 40. G 【导语】本篇说明文鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的 优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 36. 根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错)is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语义相近，起承上启下的作用，故选D。 37. 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点，故选B。 38. 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来，故选F。 39. 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致，故选C。 40. 根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长，故选G。 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷】 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ●Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本)for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___36___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ●Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___ ●Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ●___39___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈)is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___40___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. D 40. E 【导语】本篇说明文介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。 36. 根据上文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本)for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.(从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art.(不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系，故选C项。 37. 根据上文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.(经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对上文的总结，故选G项。 38. 根据上文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.(不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful.(艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone.(走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系，故选A项。 39. 根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈)is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.(寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.(如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句，故选D项。 40. 根据上文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path.(你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.(坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.(你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系，故选E项。 一、解题通用四锦囊 1.“浏览”奠定解题基础 浏览原文，快断其体裁，了解其框架；浏览选项，速断其句式，理解其意义，为解题奠定基础。 2.“研读”明确解题抓手 研读设空位置，明确考向；再研备选项，抓住关键词汇，清晰定位方向。 3.“链接”定位匹配答案 根据备选项重点关键词汇，试着把各备选项与相关空格链接起来，进行定位；链接结合空格前后的逻辑关系，选定答案。 4.“验证”验证答案合理性 带着答案读一读，验证答案是否合理，验证剩下不选余下两项的理由是否充足，避免失分。 注意：阅读七选五的不同体裁、不同设空的解题锦囊，请参看本系列专题练中的有关内容。 【典例】 【2024·浙江1月卷】 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___36___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? ___37___ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___38___ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. ___39___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. ___40___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案】36. G 37. F 38. A 39. D 40. E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 36. 由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.(在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.(一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选G。 37. 由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?(但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?(如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选F。 38. 由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.(在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.(但这并不意味着没有最后期限)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意，故选A。 39. 由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.(他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.(Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意，故选D。 40. 由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.(社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.(对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动)”能引起下文，符合题意，故选E。 【演示解题锦囊】 友情提醒：仅供考生自主练习或考试后反思(复盘)时以及教师考后讲评时参考。 【浏览与研读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“线上学习的现状、疑问及实用建议”。 框架：引出线上学习普遍现象→提出核心疑问→通过采访师生，从“优势与注意事项、学习计划制定、互动问题解决”三个维度给出建议。 设空位置：36，38，39三题为段中空(考向：承接上文、衔接下文或承上启下)；37为段尾空(考向：承接上文或总结)；40题为段首空(衔接下文，引入话题)。 选项：A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.(但这并不意味着没有最后期限)——转折，陈述句，关键词：but, deadlines； B. Your motivation should be your main concern.(你的动力应该是你最关心的事)——陈述句，关键词：motivation； C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?(你知道线上课程也是你教育的一部分吗？)——一般疑问句(又有宾语从句)，关键词：online courses； D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.(Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)——陈述句，关键词：Professor Alex Davidson, in person and online； E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.(对线上课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动。对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动)——陈述句，关键词：complaint, lack human interaction； F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?(如果你参加了在线课程， 你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)——疑问句，关键词：online course, ensure the best possible grade； G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.(一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程)——陈述句(含数据)，关键词：online courses, survey, 29 percent。 【链接定位】 36 段中空：承接上文“线上学习成为大学生活重要部分”，需补充佐证该现象的具体信息，“承上衔接”。 37 段尾空：紧跟上文两个问句，后文衔接“采访师生获取建议”，需进一步提出与“线上学习效果” 相关的疑问，“承接上文，句式衔接”。 38 段中空：上文讲线上学习“随时随地”的优势，下文接学生“容易落后进度”的提醒，需形成转折，补充“优势背后的约束”，“转折关系，逻辑衔接”。 39 段中空：下文出现指代词“He”，且提到“他的线上学生成绩更低”，需填入含“教授”身份的选项，“指代衔接，明确主体”。 40 段首空：下文围绕“社交连接、结伴学习、组织小组”展开，核心是解决“互动不足”的问题，“主旨概括，引出问题及解决方案”。 【匹配答案】 “补充现象”匹配G(调查数据)； “问句衔接”匹配F(线上课程成绩相关疑问)； “转折衔接”匹配A(转折+截止日期)； “指代衔接”匹配D(教授身份)； “主旨概括”匹配E(缺乏人际互动)。 【干扰项分析】 B. Your motivation should be your main concern. 关联点：关键词 “motivation(动力)”与原文“consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner”存在语义关联。排除理由：无对应设空考向。原文38空需“转折衔接截止日期”，39空需“指代教授”，40空需“概括互动问题”，B选项无法匹配任何设空的逻辑需求，插入后会导致前后文衔接断裂，属于“语义相关但逻辑不匹配”。 C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? 关联点：关键词“online courses”与主题相关。排除理由：主题偏离核心。原文核心是“线上学习的疑问及实用建议”，而C选项聚焦“线上课程与教育的关系”，既不能佐证36空的“普遍现象”，也无法衔接37空“引出建议的问句”，属于“主题相关但语境无关”。 二、八个“匹配”要遵守 1. 句式匹配 有标题文本的小标题的句式通常是一致的，多用祈使句或名词短语，可以从前后段落的小标题的句式来确定设空处的正确选项。无段落小标题的段首句也可采用句式一致的原则，从前后段落的首句句式来判断。有时候段中句也可用上下句句式结构一致的原则找出正确选项。 2. 指代匹配 句子中的代词会和上下句的名词形成一致的指代关系，可以根据空白处前后句的名词或代词来明确指代关系，确定正确选项。 3. 意义匹配 有时候，作者为了使行文逻辑合理，保持上下文意义一致，会复现上文提到的内容，上下文就会出现原词、同义词、同根词、反义词等，运用意义一致原则可以轻松找到答案。 4. 逻辑匹配 “七选五”主要考查学生对上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，而行文逻辑通常通过逻辑标志词来表示。 考生需要熟悉表示“并列关系、选择关系、因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、让步关系、递进关系、顺承关系、例证关系”的常见的标志词。 5. 问答匹配 “七选五”的选项或文章中会涉及到疑问句，可以根据下句的答语确定上句的问句，也可以根据上句的疑问句的种类来确定下句的答语。 6. 时态匹配 有些文本中，主体时态是一般现在时，中间会出现过去某个时间发生的事情，空格处所填句子用什么时态，要结合语境，判断动作发生的时间，句子的时态与时间保持一致。 7. 半截句匹配 阅读七选五半截句(备选项中有不能独立成句或意思不完整的选项)不是每年必考题，但又是经常遇到一个题型。这种题型考查三种情况：一是选填补上复合句中的主句或从句；二是选填补上并列句中的另一个分句；三是选填补上简单句的残缺部分。 8. 语义场匹配 语义场是借用物理学中的“场”的概念而来，它指的是若干个具有共同核心义素又有自己独立意义的一群词的聚合体。语义场有不同的层次，同一个语义场中单词相互联系，相互补充，词义有一定的交叉性。有些词代表的范围大，有些词代表的范围小，它们就存在上下义关系，代表的范围大的词叫上义词，代表的范围小的词叫下义词。有时候可以根据语义场一致的原则来锁定答案。 【典例】1 【2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ ___36___”  With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___ You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. G 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。 36. 考查意义匹配。根据本空下一句“With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition.(如果有一个健身的伙伴，你会增加你的训练量，因为这当中有微妙的竞争)”可知，C项“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”符合语境，故选C。 37. 考查句式匹配。根据本空下一句Or do you just want to be physically fit ...? 可知本空和它是并列关系，后面是一般疑问句，本空也应该是一般疑问句式。Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(你是想要在你最喜欢的运动中成为一名更好的运动员吗？或者你只是想要身体健康，能够有力量和灵活地移动？)，故选D。 38. 根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。选项B中的“live close by”与后文的“belong to the same gym”相对应，选项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近)”与下文是顺承关系，故选B项。 39. 考查语义场匹配。段尾往往是总结。上文“Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.(她的注意事项包括：锻炼的类别、一周锻炼多少天、一次锻炼几个小时和本人的年龄。还包括她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供电话号码)”都属于个人信息。本空作为段尾句，进行总结，以自己的健身伙伴为例，说明寻找健身伙伴发布告所要包括的信息，故选G。 40. 考查意义匹配。根据本空上一句“You and your partner will probably have different skills.(你和你的健身伙伴也许有不同的技能)”可知，F项“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.(接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作，求同存异)”符合语境。F项中的differences和上一句中的different是同根词，故选F。 【典例】2 【2022·浙江1月卷】 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ___36___ Pick the most important. ___37___ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ___38___ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career(职业)around the people and activities you love. ___39___ You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进)toward a happy productive existence. ___40___ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A. Speed up. B. Be an active learner. C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. 【答案】36. F 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. G 【导语】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。 36. 上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下，故选F。 37. 根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境，故选D。 38. 考查段中空的上下文句式匹配及指代匹配。上文说“许多人把控不好花在朋友、家庭、工作和娱乐等方面的时间”，而本空后连续用了三个祈使句来说明“找到同时享受这些时间的方法，围绕工作环境中的人建立你的社交生活，在公司里找到和你兴趣相同的人并围绕你喜欢的人和活动发展你的事业。”根据上下句句式一致的原则，此处应用祈使句。根据C项中名词“time”与空前句子中的“time”一致，以及C项中代词“them”与空后句子中的“them”均指代前面的“friends, family, work, play, etc.”可知，C项(不要试图在他们之间平衡时间)符合语境，故选C。 39. 考查小标题句式匹配。根据上下文其它小标题句式结构可知，此处用祈使句，再结合本段谈论的主题——“学习的必要性”，可确定此处作者建议“做积极的学习者”，故选B。 40. 下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进)toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因，故选G。 【典例】3 【2022·全国甲卷】 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节)might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___. Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests ___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【答案】36. D 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事项。 36. 考查意义匹配。根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out(外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant(不要被人发现你在餐厅就餐时犯了尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”和标题中的“When Dining Out”是同一个意思，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”，故选D。 37. 考查指代匹配。根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.(当你在吃东西的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them(不要把它们竖着插在食物上，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”和上句中的them都是指代段首句的“chopsticks”，故选F。 38. 考查半截句匹配。观察设空句子特点。该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的非谓语短语非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺的简单句。关注段落标题和后半句。根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils(餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands(相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系，故选C 39. 考查指代匹配。根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，段首句要讲的是用餐时提请求的问题。G项“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”与段落小标题是关键词的复现，根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.(在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。下文中的this和it都是代指G项中的to ask for salt and pepper at a meal，故选G。 40. 考查半截句匹配。根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指“在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗”，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，句子前半部分相当于条件状语从句，后半部分相当于主句。B项“The more time you spend in any given country(你在某个国家待得时间越长)”符合语境，引出下文，并且下文中its代指B项中的country，故选B。 【典例】4 【2022·全国乙卷】 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships. ●Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系)and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___. ●More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy(共情) ___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. ●___39___ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ●Don’t rely on technology alone ___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。 36. 根据上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”(平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话)讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意，故选D。 37. 考查语义场配匹。上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.(确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人)”提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication(朋友需要沟通交流的方式)”提到了沟通交流方式。下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.(除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊)”中的written communication，leaving voice messages和having a group chat都是E项中上义词methods的具体表现，故选E。 38. 根据下文“The friend who is remaining”(留下来的朋友)和“The one in the new environment”(在新环境中的那个)提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意，故选G。 39. 考查语义场配匹。设空处的内容是该段的小标题。段首句“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.(周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的)”讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Remember important dates(记得重要的日子)”。本段首句中的anniversaries和birthdays是对A项中上义词important dates的举例说明，故选A。 40. 考查逻辑匹配。设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.(但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系)”讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊。其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media(朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感)”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone(不要仅仅依赖技术)”中的“technology”，故选F。 【典例】5 【2019·新课标I卷】 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ___36___ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. ___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ___38___ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ___39___ It gives us a great feeling of peace. ___40___ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D  . To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。 36. 考查问答配匹。根据下句“根据最近的研究，答案是一个大大的YES”可知，设空处是一般疑问句，而七个备选项中只有E项是一般疑问句(但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈常说的那样对你有好处吗？)，故选E。 37. 根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。再根据下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进，在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部”。 38. 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故G项“在全国，康复中心已经开始建造‘康复花园’。”these places就是指Healing Gardens。 39. 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好；空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况，故选C项“身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。” 40. 根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光，故选D项“获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。” 【典例】6 【2020·全国新课标III卷】 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ___36___ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents. ___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. ___38___ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ___39___ Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ___40___ Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【答案】36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. G 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。 36. 上文 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下文 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下文并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。 37. 下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。 38. 本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享，故选C。 39. 本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。 40. 考查时态配匹。上文介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据“bring firewood to a new home as a gift”可知很久以前人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了当时人们带柴火的目的和作用。只有G项“This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.(这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖)”符合语境，且时态一致，故选G。 【典例】7 【2021·全国乙卷节选】 According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 【解析】考查半截句匹配。观察设空句子的特点。该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的but非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺前一分句的并列句。关注文章结构和下一句。根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.(所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。这里需要“形意兼顾”，既要考虑前边主句完整还要考虑逻辑一致，故选B。 【典例】8 【2018·全国新课标I卷节选】 Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? ___36___, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 【解析】考查半截句匹配。观察设空句子特点。36题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，这是“从句+主句”类型，缺少从句，只能在A、B、C中选择。关注文章结构和上一句。上文给出了不同的房间风格选择，第一段最后一句又说到"making a room feel the way you want it to feel"可知,此处指不管你在寻找哪种风格，颜色是关键。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B(不管你寻找哪一种)。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $