精品解析：北京市第八十中学2025-2026学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题
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北京市第八十中学2025-2026学年第二学期期中考试
高 二 英 语
2025年11月
班级 姓名 考号
（考试时间 90分钟满分 100分）
提示：试卷答案请-律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节， 30分)
第一节：完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a student planning to study management, I realised that classroom alone wouldn’t be enough to fully prepare me for the challenges from the world. Eager to gain market-related experience before university, I stepped into the world of ____1____ this summer.
I noticed a problem in my community: the electricity supply was not ____2____, often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need for a charging station, so I decided to open one to ____3____ the issue. What started as a way to prepare myself for college quickly turned into a meaningful project, shaping my understanding of how business can not only ____4____ practical needs but also make a lasting impact in a community.
The response to my business was ____5____. On the first three days alone, I made $406.Thai initial success was more than just encouraging — it was ____6____ that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services. Seeing people stream into the centre, grateful for the charging service, ____7____ my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others.
The journey of starting this business was not without challenges. When I needed ____8____ to start the business, I negotiated with my relatives to give me two cows, which I then sold to raise funds. I also drew on technical skills to handle the electrical work myself, which ____9____ my startup costs. Today, the charging center is alive with activities.
The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as l begin my university journey. Looking back, I can see how these _____10_____ lessons have set a stage for the future.
1. A. medicine B. literature C. business D. science
2. A. reliable B. private C. affordable D. renewable
3. A. discuss B. raise C. report D. address
4. A. promote B. replace C. meet D. guide
5. A. disappointing B. incredible C. strange D. embarrassing
6. A. proof B. doubt C. hope D. fear
7. A. confused B. challenged C. confirmed D. changed
8. A. income B. capital C. price D. profit
9. A. estimated B. provided C. doubled D. reduced
10. A. practical B. classic C. familiar D. cultural
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了在大学前积累市场相关经验，开始创业经营充电站的过程和感悟。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渴望在大学前获得与市场相关的经验，今年夏天我踏入了商业世界。A. medicine医学；B. literature文学；C. business商业；D. science科学。根据上文“Eager to gain market-related experience”可知，作者想要获得与市场相关的经验，因此踏入了商业世界。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到我的社区存在一个问题：电力供应不可靠，经常不足，导致频繁停电，影响日常生活。A. reliable可靠的；B. private私人的；C. affordable负担得起的；D. renewable可再生的。根据下文“often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts”可知，电力供应不足，导致频繁停电，说明电力供应不可靠。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这产生了对充电站的明显需求，所以我决定开设一个来解决这个问题。A. discuss讨论；B. raise提高；C. report报告；D. address解决。根据上文“This created a clear need for a charging station”可知，社区需要充电站，所以作者决定开设一个来解决这个问题。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个最初只是为了为大学做准备的项目，很快变成了一个有意义的项目，塑造了我对商业如何不仅能满足实际需求，还能在社区中产生持久影响的理解。A. promote促进；B. replace替换；C. meet满足；D. guide指导。根据下文“practical needs”可知，此处指满足实际需求。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生意反响令人难以置信。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. strange奇怪的；D. embarrassing尴尬的。根据下文“On the first three days alone, I made $406.”可知，作者三天就赚了406美元，说明生意反响令人难以置信。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一初步的成功不仅仅是鼓舞人心的——它证明了我正在解决一个真正的问题，而且我的服务有市场。A. proof证明；B. doubt怀疑；C. hope希望；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services”可知，作者的生意成功证明了他正在解决一个真正的问题，而且他的服务有市场。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到人们涌入中心，对充电服务表示感谢，这证实了我的信念：商业就是满足需求，为他人服务。A. confused使困惑；B. challenged挑战；C. confirmed证实；D. changed改变。根据下文“my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others”可知，人们的反应证实了作者对商业的信念。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我需要资金来创业时，我与亲戚谈判，让他们给我两头牛，然后我把牛卖掉来筹集资金。A. income收入；B. capital资金；C. price价格；D. profit利润。根据下文“which I then sold to raise funds”可知，作者卖掉牛来筹集资金，说明他创业时需要资金。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还利用技术技能自己处理电工工作，这降低了我的创业成本。A. estimated估计；B. provided提供；C. doubled加倍；D. reduced减少。根据上文“I also drew on technical skills to handle the electrical work myself”可知，作者自己处理电工工作，这降低了他的创业成本。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我可以看到这些实践课程如何为未来奠定了基础。A. practical实际的；B. classic经典的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文作者创业的经历可知，作者从中学到了实际的经验，这些实践课程为他的未来奠定了基础。故选A。
第二节：词汇语法综合(共15 小题；每题1分，共15分)
(一)
选择方块中合适的词和词组填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。
set off make sense dominate take up
reject push oneself to the limits guilty
11. As a child, he ________ by his father. He was prohibited to make any decisions.
12. Many retired people ________ gardening as a hobby.
13. Outstanding athletes always ________ to get to the top of a sport.
14. When she was sent to boarding school, she felt as though her parents ________ her.
15. She must have done something wrong, because she’s looking so ________.
16. ________ firecrackers can add to the festive atmosphere and offer an outlet for people’s pleasure and excitement.
17. It ________ to pay off your debts before you start trying to save money.
【答案】11. was dominated
12 take up
13. push themselves to the limits
14. had rejected
15. guilty 16. Setting off
17. makes sense
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为一个孩子，他被他父亲控制。他被禁止做任何决定。空处作谓语，结合“He was prohibited to make any decisions.”可推知，动词dominate“控制”符合题意，和主语he之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，表示“被他父亲控制”，且结合“was prohibited”可知，时态为一般过去时，be动词应用was。故填was dominated。
【12题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：许多退休的人把园艺当作爱好。空处作谓语，结合“gardening as a hobby”可推知，动词短语take up“开始从事（爱好）”符合题意，表示“把园艺当作爱好”，且句子陈述通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，主语Many retired people为复数，take保持原形。故填take up。
【13题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：杰出的运动员总是把自己推向极限以达到运动巅峰。空处作谓语，结合“to get to the top of a sport”可推知，动词短语push oneself to the limits“把自己推向极限”符合题意，结合“always”可知，句子陈述经常性的行为，时态用一般现在时，主语Outstanding athletes为复数，push保持原形，oneself需变为themselves。故填push themselves to the limits。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：当她被送到寄宿学校时，她觉得父母抛弃了她。空处作as though引导的表语从句的谓语，结合“When she was sent to boarding school”可推知，动词reject“厌弃，冷落”符合题意，表示“觉得父母抛弃了她”，且从句描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，需用虚拟语气，谓语用had done的形式。故填had rejected。
15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她肯定做错了什么，因为她看起来非常内疚。空处作从句的表语，结合“She must have done something wrong”可推知，形容词guilty“内疚的”符合题意，表示“看起来非常内疚”。故填guilty。
【16题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：燃放鞭炮能增添节日气氛，释放人们的欢乐情绪。空处和firecrackers搭配，作主语，结合“add to the festive atmosphere”可推知，动词短语set off“燃放”符合题意，表示“燃放鞭炮”，且此处描述经常性的行为，应用set的动名词形式，句首首字母需大写。故填Setting off。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：在开始存钱前先还清债务是合理的。空处作谓语，结合“to pay off your debts”可推知，动词短语make sense“讲得通，有道理”符合题意，且句子陈述通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，主语是It，make需用第三人称单数形式。故填makes sense。
(二)在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
18. By about 6,000 BC, people ________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had discovered
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。“by＋过去时间”意为“到……为止”，表示“过去的过去”。后面的句子应用过去完成时，且主语和提示词之间是“主动关系”。故填had discovered。
19. Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树)a bamboo platform, ________ he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：莫来在每棵树苗的顶部都建了一个竹台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。分析可知，逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为platform“平台”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
20. Although Jason Harley had lots of money, he was tired of ________ (regard) as a successful person. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being regarded
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词和被动语态。句意：虽然杰森·哈雷很有钱，但他厌倦了被视为成功人士。of是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语，他厌倦被看作是成功人士，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态being regarded。故填being regarded。
21. If a teenager ________ (see) as weak or different by the majority of their peers, they can become a target for bullies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is seen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：如果一个青少年被大多数同龄人视为软弱或与众不同，他们就可能成为欺凌者的目标。空处作谓语，结合“can”可知，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时表将来，a teenager和see为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is seen。
22. Liu Xiang had an ________ (ambition) goal for the future: “To be No.1.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】ambitious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：刘翔对未来有着远大的目标：“成为冠军。”修饰名词goal用形容词ambitious，作定语。故填ambitious。
23. Landing on the moon’s far side is ________ (extreme) challenging. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】extremely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆是极具挑战性的。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词challenging，应用副词extremely“极度，非常”。故填extremely。
24. When ________ (expose) to heat, plastics will soften. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：塑料受热会软化。此处用了When引导状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，expose“暴露，使显露”和被省略的主语plastics之间是被动关系，因此用expose的过去分词形式。故填exposed。
25. Exactly ________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：马铃薯何时传入欧洲还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句的句子成分完整，所以空处需用连接副词引导主语从句，根据后文 around 1565可知，空处需用when引导主语从句。故填when。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节， 38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Most kids spent their summer holidays playing video-games, watching TV and sleeping in.Parents can follow the steps below, and your kids can break their summertime tech habits and adapt to a school-friendly schedule in two weeks.
Shift bedtime
There’s nothing more important to kicking off the school year successfully than getting sufficient sleep. Two weeks before school begins, schedule bedtime back by about 20 minutes a night to stop kids staying up late or sleeping in. Instead of a long, fun bathtime, switch to a quick shower. Keep all digital devices out of their bedrooms and buy them alarm clocks.
Set screen goals
Having intentional goals for screen use can help kids change their tech habits. You might decide to make screen time a reward rather than a right. Set limits on digital activities such as no videogames until they complete homework. Don’t jump to no apps but consider using apps that control the length of time kids can use a device. Establish zones in your house where electronics simply are not allowed. Besides, get your kids involved in activities that don’t need a screen.
Make a schedule
A summer spent without routine can make jumping back into the structure of school difficult for kids. Setting a schedule for the last two weeks of summer can work. Ms. Rawson, founder of the Screen Time Clinic, suggests creating blocks of time that mirror those of the school day,arranging 30 to 50 minutes for an activity, depending on the kid’s age, along with a set lunchtime. Kids should have a say in deciding how to fill the day’s time blocks. The activities can involve anything but screens.
26. Before the new school year begins, kids can shift bedtime by .
A. taking a long bath B. sleeping in a lot
C. using phones as alarm clocks D. moving to bed earlier
27. According to the passage, what should parents do to adjust kids’ screen time?
A. Manage homework time with apps.
B. Forbid them from using electronics.
C. Reserve areas for screen-free activities.
D. Remove apps from their digital devices.
28. A school-friendly schedule should
A. reflect individual needs of kids
B. copy the exact school timetables
C. start from the beginning of holidays
D. combine study with digital entertainment
【答案】26. D 27. C 28. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一些建议，帮助孩子们在两周内改掉他们的暑假科技习惯，适应学校的课程表。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Two weeks before school begins, schedule bedtime back by about 20 minutes a night to stop kids staying up late or sleeping in.(开学前两周，每晚把就寝时间提前20分钟，防止孩子熬夜或睡过头。)”可知，在新学年开始之前，孩子们可以通过提前睡觉来改变睡觉时间。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Establish zones in your house where electronics simply are not allowed.(在家里设置一些不允许使用电子产品的区域。)”可知，家长应预留无屏幕活动区域，调整孩子的屏幕时间。故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ms. Rawson, founder of the Screen Time Clinic, suggests creating blocks of time that mirror those of the school day, arranging 30 to 50 minutes for an activity, depending on the kid’s age, along with a set lunchtime. Kids should have a say in deciding how to fill the day’s time blocks.(屏幕时间诊所(Screen Time Clinic)的创始人罗森建议，根据孩子的年龄安排30到50分钟的活动时间，并在午餐时间安排好。孩子们应该对如何安排一天的时间有发言权。)”可知，对学校的课程表应该能够反映孩子们的个人需求。故选A。
B
I had wanted to be a cellist for as long as I could remember. At fifteen, I won a scholarship to a specialist music school. I got up at 5 a.m. to play scales, practised at lunchtime and returned to my cello (大提琴) after lessons.
One evening, while practicing a demanding piece, I pushed myself too far. I felt a burning pain between my wrist and elbow. When it hadn’t got better after a day or two, I started to panic. Days became weeks. I still could not write or play. Weeks turned into months. Opportunities for concerts, recitals, and competitions came and went.
When I wasn’t sitting with my instrument, I was punishing myself for my own stupidity. My technique had probably not been secure enough for the demands I was placing on it. But now it was too late.
Over two years, I gradually recovered some arm function. I was able to play some early music such as Handel and Bach, on a baroque cello, as the movements are gentler and lighter. However, the possibility of my arm letting me down has never left me.
The turning point came, unexpectedly, during a photoshoot for an up-to-date picture. The photographer suggested I get my cello and see what images of playing might look like. I hesitated — I didn’t see myself as a cellist any more. But then I fetched it and sat playing snatches of Bach. In that moment, the lens pointing at my instrument and me, I began to understand something I had only half sensed until then. Away from my cello, my shadow was missing. Without it I felt incomplete. But with my instrument I was protected and entirely happy in my own skin.
During that photoshoot I realised I needed to find out what the cello, and its absence, had meant to other cellists, to understand what it meant to me. So I planned a journey across Europe. I encountered cellos destroyed by war and shipwreck, and even a cello tat had been turned into a beehive. I even played with a resourceful cellist, who, having lost the use of his right thumb, ties his bow onto his hand with a bicycle inner tube.
Over the course of my travels, I learned I was not alone. Besides, my experience might help others. I am also beginning to look for ways to return to the repertoire (曲目) I loved. Supported by a community of musicians in similar situations, I now celebrate every concert as a step towards healing.
29. After the injury, the author .
A. tried an alternative career path
B. played Bach to impress the audience
C. secured the performing opportunities
D. blamed herself for practicing too hard
30. The photoshoot experience was a turning point for the author because .
A. it improved her professional image
B. it showed her constant efforts paid off
C. it deepened her connection to the cello
D it allowed her to meet incredible cellists
31. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Fortune favors the bold.
B. Constant dripping wears the stone.
C. Good things come to those who wait.
D. When given lemons, make lemonade.
【答案】29. D 30. C 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者作为大提琴手受伤后的心路历程与重新找回自我的故事。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“One evening, while practicing a demanding piece, I pushed myself too far. I felt a burning pain between my wrist and elbow. When it hadn’t got better after a day or two, I started to panic. Days became weeks. I still could not write or play. (一天晚上，在练习一首要求很高的曲子时，我把自己逼得太狠了。我感到手腕和肘部之间有灼热感。一两天后，情况没有好转，我开始恐慌。几天变成了几周。我仍然不能写作或演奏)”以及第三段“When I wasn’t sitting with my instrument, I was punishing myself for my own stupidity. My technique had probably not been secure enough for the demands I was placing on it. But now it was too late.(当我没有坐在我的乐器前时，我就会因自己的愚蠢而自责。我的技巧可能还不够扎实，无法满足我对它提出的要求。但现在为时已晚)”可知，受伤后，作者责怪自己练习太刻苦。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“In that moment, the lens pointing at my instrument and me, I began to understand something I had only half sensed until then. Away from my cello, my shadow was missing. Without it I felt incomplete. But with my instrument I was protected and entirely happy in my own skin.(就在那一刻，镜头对准了我的乐器和我，我开始理解一些之前只是隐约感觉到的事情。离开了大提琴，我的影子似乎不见了。没有它，我感到不完整。但有了我的乐器，我感到被保护，并且完全自在)”可推知，这次拍摄经历对作者来说是一个转折点，因为它加深了作者与大提琴的联系。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文及最后一段“Over the course of my travels, I learned I was not alone. Besides, my experience might help others. I am also beginning to look for ways to return to the repertoire (曲目) I loved. Supported by a community of musicians in similar situations, I now celebrate every concert as a step towards healing.(在我的旅行过程中，我了解到我并不孤单。此外，我的经历可能会帮助其他人。我也开始寻找回到我热爱的曲目的方法。在一群处境相似的音乐家的支持下，我现在把每一场音乐会都视为迈向康复的一步)”可知，作者的经历告诉我们“当生活给你柠檬时，你要做柠檬汁”，即面对困境时要积极应对，寻找出路。故选D。
C
Researchers from the NeuroMind Institute have developed a new system that uses predator (捕食者) robots to chase (追逐) larval (幼体的) zebrafish in an open water. This innovative approach is helping scientists study how the young fish rapidly learn and adapt in real-world conditions.
Larval zebrafish are a valuable tool for neuroscientists because their transparency enables easy study of the brain and behaviour. However, it’s been difficult for scientists to study learning in these developing vertebrates (脊椎动物) — an important part of understanding how the brain works. Previous research found young zebrafish could learn simple associations. But this type of learning happens slowly and often unreliably, and it was still unclear whether days-old zebrafish can learn fast enough to use their memory in natural situations, like recognizing and avoiding new predators.
The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics.
The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat.
Using this system, the researchers made an unexpected discovery that not only could larval zebrafish learn extremely quickly in a more natural context, but they could also do so just five days after beginning their lives as single cells. This was particularly surprising given the fact that a developing zebrafish larva contains just one percent or so of the neurons (神经元) in its adult form. The findings suggest that some essential learning abilities, like recognizing predators, emerge early in life and are critical for survival.
Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn. It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats.
32. Why did the researchers develop a new system with larval zebrafish?
A. To observe their hunting behaviours. B. To identify their simple associations.
C. To examine their brain characteristics. D. To uncover their learning in natural settings.
33. What does the underlined word “dynamics” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Interaction. B. Function. C. Structure. D. Standard.
34. What can we learn about larval zebrafish?
A. They can distinguish between robots and fish.
B. They learn fast through a multi-regional brain network.
C. They develop learning abilities when reaching adulthood.
D. They can recognise predators with much neurons needed.
35. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. Explaining the robot design used in the experiment.
B. Exploring danger processing in other species’ brains.
C. Analysing the connection between learning and planning.
D. Describing zebrafish behaviours in different surroundings.
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员用捕食者机器人追逐幼体斑马鱼来研究其学习能力，发现其能快速学习，且多脑区参与，或可启示其他大脑。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics.(研究人员认为，在实验室中测试斑马鱼幼虫学习的传统方法可能无法有效揭示鱼类的学习方式，因为那里的条件与野生斑马鱼的情况相去甚远。为了模拟现实生活中的情况，研究人员使用了小型机器人圆柱体，其中一些被编程为显示捕食者般的特征)”可推知，研究人员开发新系统是为了揭示幼体斑马鱼在自然环境中的学习情况，因为传统在实验室的测试方法难以揭示它们在自然情况下的学习方式。故选D项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat.(研究人员创造了dynamics：他们首先将一个静止的机器人放在一条自由游动的斑马鱼身上；在机器人追逐鱼一分钟后，鱼开始避开机器人的区域一个多小时，这与追逐体验前的非回避行为相比发生了很大变化。当引入第二个不追逐鱼的机器人时，斑马鱼只是避开了追逐的机器人，表明它们可以区分威胁和非威胁)”可知，研究人员创造了这种dynamics，后面描述了机器人和斑马鱼之间的互动过程，所以dynamics在这里指的是机器人和斑马鱼之间的“互动”，与Interaction意义相近。故选A项。
34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn.(进一步的脑成像显示，斑马鱼大脑的不同区域参与了这种快速学习：后脑是一个控制基本功能的区域，对接近的捕食者做出反应；前脑是一个与学习和规划相关的区域，对捕食者机器人的存在进行编码；缰核是另一个大脑区域，它发出回避结果的信号。所有这些区域都是学习所必需的，沉默其中任何一个区域都会剥夺鱼的学习能力)”可知，幼体斑马鱼的后脑、前脑和缰核等不同脑区都参与了这种快速学习，它们通过一个多脑区的网络快速学习。故选B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats.(据信，这项新工作可以为其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解)”可知，这项新工作可能会为了解其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解。由此推知，接下来作者最有可能讨论的是探索其他物种大脑中对危险的处理情况。故选B项。
D
Americans clearly love their museums. One of the most famous, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), saw a record 6.5 million visitors in 2015. But record attendance doesn’t necessarily translate into record revenue. Last month，the Met said it was trying to erase a USS10 million budget deficit. Meanwhile, one of its rivals，the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder? My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion, billionaires and demographics.
First, underlying the Met’s financial challenges is the problem with the acquisitions policy. Recent directors of the Met did not add much to the museum’s modern collection. The argument was that museums such as the MoMA were already providing such works in their collections and that the acquisition of contemporary art by living artists was problematic and risky. However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn’t able to keep up with the tastes of the customers. And by the time it might recognize this, it’s already too late to do much about it because the costs to acquire the in-demand art is sky-high. This leads to a second critical issue-the changing distribution of income and its effects on museum finance and operation.
We are living in a boom period for contemporary art. The number of auctions and art fairs has grown enormously to accommodate this growing market. In a world with about 1,800 billionaires, it only takes a relative few to drive high-end art prices to astronomical levels. Works by the German artist Gerhard Richter have generated $1.2 billion in sales in recent years. The soaring prices mean museums simply can’t keep up and must usually depend on donations to assemble the best works, or they’re priced out. Moreover, billionaires themselves are increasingly setting up their own private museums, further distancing the ability of public museums to get the good stuff.
A third interrelated problem is that demographic issues have put pressure on the revenue side. Unemployment, early retirements and the aging of the population in the US have contributed to increased attendance at museums. You might think it’s a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don’t result in more revenue, profitability goes down. This is because of the longstanding movement toward making museums “free” by having individuals, government or businesses “sponsor” the cost. But when that support gets reduced by budget costs or another reason, museums must either cover the cost themselves or lose patrons by suddenly charging fees. There is evidence that attendance rises when economic growth slows, but that’s also when those “sponsors” are more likely to begin to disappear.
Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it’d be wise for their administrators to consider the economies in their calculations.
36. According to the author, ________.
A. MoMA saw a rise in donation due to its increased attendance
B. the Met failed to respond to the artistic tastes of modern visitors
C. the Met considered works of the living artists as questionable
D. MoMA added to its modern collection despite the budget deficit
37. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Billionaires control art auctions to price out public museums.
B. The boom of modern art will lead visitors to private museums.
C The increase in visitors can hurt the profitability of museums.
D. Economic slowdowns result in a weakened interest in museums.
38. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of museums in the US?
A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Uncertain.
39. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. How can Museums Boost Revenues?
B. Should Museums Charge Entrance Fees?
C. Will Museums Survive in a Fast-changing World?
D. What Causes the Financial Challenges of Museums?
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国的博物馆如今存在赤字的问题，作者认为主要是时尚、亿万富翁和人口统计数据这三个原因，并分别展开了说明。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn’t able to keep up with the tastes of the customers.(然而，鉴于参观博物馆的人越来越喜欢当代艺术，如果不能跟上顾客的品味，大都会博物馆的收入可能会下降)”可知，大都会未能对现代游客的艺术品味作出反应。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“You might think it’s a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don’t result in more revenue, profitability goes down.(你可能认为这是一件好事，但更多的流量意味着更高的成本，而当这些额外的访客不能带来更多的收入时，盈利能力就会下降)”可推知，游客数量的增加会损害博物馆的盈利能力。故选C。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it’d be wise for their administrators to consider the economies in their calculations.(博物馆肯定会继续存在，并为我们提供了解我们文化的宝贵见解。但它们必须存在于经济原则之下，对它们的管理者来说，在计算中考虑经济是明智的)”可推知，作者对美国博物馆的未来持谨慎态度。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Americans clearly love their museums. One of the most famous, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), saw a record 6.5 million visitors in 2015. But record attendance doesn’t necessarily translate into record revenue. Last month，the Met said it was trying to erase a USS10 million budget deficit. Meanwhile, one of its rivals，the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder? My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion, billionaires and demographics.(美国人显然喜欢他们的博物馆。其中最著名的是纽约大都会艺术博物馆，2015年参观人数达到创纪录的650万。但创纪录的上座率并不一定转化为创纪录的收入上个月，大都会博物馆说，他们正在努力消除1000万美元的预算赤字。与此同时，它的竞争对手之一现代艺术博物馆资金充裕，但2015年只有大约300万人来参观。为什么一些博物馆繁荣兴旺，而另一些却在苦苦挣扎?我的研究让我相信有三个原因：时尚、亿万富翁和人口统计数据)”结合文章主要说明了美国的博物馆如今存在赤字的问题，作者认为主要是时尚、亿万富翁和人口统计数据这三个原因，并分别展开了说明。可知，D选项“博物馆面临的财政挑战是什么？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. ____40____ A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.
____41____ It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances.
To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. ____42____ In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent.
What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. ____43____
There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. ____44____ “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience.
A. Admittedly, this finding only shows connections.
B. Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers.
C. This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer.
D. The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong.
E. Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment.
F. The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate.
G. Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D 43. G 44. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年志愿服务对其身心健康有益及相关研究。
【40题详解】
上文“There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health.(有大量针对成年人的研究证据表明，志愿服务有益于一个人的身心健康)”说明成年人志愿服务有益身心健康。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明在青少年中也有类似发现，并引出下文的相关研究。所以B项“现在科学家们在儿童和青少年中也发现了类似的联系。”符合语境。该项中的“similar links”和上文中的“adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health”呼应。故选B。
【41题详解】
上文“A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.(2023年的一项分析表明，参与过社区服务的年轻人更有可能保持极佳的健康状态，并且在面对挑战时能够保持冷静)”以及下文“It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health.(可能是参加志愿活动的孩子本来就很健康)”是对某种发现的一种可能性解释。空处承接上文的发现，并对这种情况给出了认可。A项“诚然，这一发现只是表明了一种联系。”符合语境，引出下文对研究发现局限性的说明，而选项中“this finding”指代了上文中的“young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges”这一发现。故选A。
【42题详解】
上文“To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute.(为了解决这些问题，研究人员指出，“贡献”对于青少年的社会和情感发展至关重要。志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式)”说明了志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式。空处与上文逻辑紧密相连，解释了志愿服务为何能让年轻人做出贡献。D项“对他人的重要性很好地转化为他们建立联系和归属感的需求。”符合语境，是对上文内容的进一步阐述和解释。故选D。
【43题详解】
上文“What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important.(这些好处的原因是什么？帮助他人可以改善情绪，增强信心。它为建立社会联系提供了丰富的基础。这也改变了年轻人对自己的看法。许多青少年觉得自己不重要)”列举了几个志愿者带来好处的原因。C项“志愿活动给了他们一种不同的自我感觉，一种自信和自我价值感。”承接上文说明志愿者服务可以让青少年找到自我，产生自信和自我价值观,改变青少年认为自己不重要的看法。故选G。
【44题详解】
上文“There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however.(然而，志愿服务可能有一个潜在的缺点)”说明志愿服务存在问题。空处具体说明问题所在，F项“如果年轻人觉得自己是被迫参与的，这种经历可能是有害的。”符合语境，解释了志愿服务可能带来负面影响的原因。该项中的“The experience can be harmful”和上文中的“a potential downside”相呼应。故选F。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节， 32分)
第一节：阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。(共4小题；第45至46题每小题2分，第47题3分，第48题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
How Gratitude Makes You Happier
Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these.
Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude.
Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also promotes feelings like trust and generosity, which are induced by oxytocin, a hormone released by the brain.
Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value.
So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life.
45. What does happiness include besides what we usually think?
_______________________________________________________
46. On what does gratitude have a positive influence?
_______________________________________________________
47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value.
_______________________________________________________
48. How can you exercise being grateful? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________
【答案】45. It includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life.
46. (Both) physical (health) and mental health.
47. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they value “moderation”, a just enoughness.
48. One way to practice gratitude is to keep a daily gratitude journal and write down three things you are grateful for each day. Another practice is to often reflect on the positive factors in your life and cultivate an attitude of gratitude, which can also cultivate gratitude.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲解了感恩如何使人更快乐，内容涉及感恩对身心健康的具体益处，并引用了研究结果作为支持，还举了斯堪的纳维亚人幸福感的例子来阐述观点，最后提出建议。
【45题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第一段中的“We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. (我们通常认为幸福是一种主观的幸福感，一种快乐和满足的感觉。但幸福不仅仅是一种情感或短暂的感觉，它还包括一种深刻的意义、价值和生活目的。感恩以与所有这些相关的方式支持幸福。)”可知，除了我们通常认为的，幸福还包括生活中深刻的意义、价值和目标感。故答案为It includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life.
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. (研究表明，感恩对我们的身体健康有着深远的影响。)”以及第三段中的“Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. (感恩对心理健康也有着强烈的积极影响。)”可知，感恩对身体健康和心理健康都有积极影响。故答案为：(Both) physical (health) and mental health.
【47题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人自己决定着他们的幸福水平。他们欣赏一个运转良好的社会，在那里他们有经济保障，社会机构支持每个人。然而，还有其他一些事情。他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好。他们不会追求幸福，也不会一次加班好几个月。他们对健康的工作与生活平衡心存感激。由于这种满足和知足，他们觉得自己的生活有价值。)”可知，“Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们觉得自己的生命有价值。)”逻辑错误，正确的逻辑应该是：斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好的状态。故答案为：Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they value “moderation”, a just enough-ness.
【48题详解】
考查语言表达。练习感恩的一种方法是每天写一本感恩日记，写下你每天感激的三件事。另一种做法是经常反思生活中的积极因素，培养感恩的态度，也可以培养感恩。故答案为：One way to practice gratitude is to keep a daily gratitude journal and write down three things you are grateful for each day. Another practice is to often reflect on the positive factors in your life and cultivate an attitude of gratitude, which can also cultivate gratitude.
第二节 应用文写作 (20分)
49. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校下个月将要举办“图书漂流”（BookCrossing）活动——将自己喜欢的图书放在学校任意公共场所，感兴趣的同学读完后将书放回原处，让其继续漂流。请你给交换生Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：
1. 活动意义；
2. 具体安排；
3. 发出邀请。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 适当增减细节，使文章连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
I can’t wait to share a piece of good news with you. Since you’re an enthusiast about reading, I believe you will be of great interest in this meaningful activity named BookCrossing.
BookCrossing is the practice of leaving a book in a public place to be picked up and read by others, who then do likewise. For one thing, the BookCrossing can motivate us to further develop our reading habits and help to broaden our horizons. For another, it provides a good chance to make friends with like-minded people.
Our BookCrossing starts this Monday and will last for a week. When the time comes, you’ll be surprised to find terrific books at any places on campus. Of course, if you are in, you are supposed to share several books that are valuable and beneficial. To help others get a general knowledge of your book, your thoughtful introduction and helpful comments are warmly welcomed.
What are you waiting for? I’m looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们学校下个月将要举办的“图书漂流”（BookCrossing）活动。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时，少量现在进行时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 介绍活动意义；
2. 介绍具体安排;
3. 发出活动邀请。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
can’t wait to do sth.; share sth. with sb.; pick up; broaden one’s horizons; be surprised to do sth.; be supposed to do sth.; look forward to; be bound to do sth.
第三步：连词成句
1. Since you’re an enthusiast about reading, I believe you will be of great interest in this meaningful activity named BookCrossing.
2. BookCrossing is the practice of leaving a book in a public place to be picked up and read by others, who then do likewise.
3. Our BookCrossing starts this Monday and will last for a week.
4. Of course, if you are in, you are supposed to share several books that are valuable and beneficial.
5. I’m looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：and
2.表因果关系：since
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1]. BookCrossing is the practice of leaving a book in a public place to be picked up and read by others, who then do likewise. （由关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. When the time comes, you’ll be surprised to find terrific books at any places on campus. （由when引导的时间状语从句）
(请务必将答案写在答题卡指定区域内)
第1页/共1页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
北京市第八十中学2025-2026学年第二学期期中考试
高 二 英 语
2025年11月
班级 姓名 考号
（考试时间 90分钟满分 100分）
提示：试卷答案请-律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节， 30分)
第一节：完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a student planning to study management, I realised that classroom alone wouldn’t be enough to fully prepare me for the challenges from the world. Eager to gain market-related experience before university, I stepped into the world of ____1____ this summer.
I noticed a problem in my community: the electricity supply was not ____2____, often being insufficient and leading to frequent power cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need for a charging station, so I decided to open one to ____3____ the issue. What started as a way to prepare myself for college quickly turned into a meaningful project, shaping my understanding of how business can not only ____4____ practical needs but also make a lasting impact in a community.
The response to my business was ____5____. On the first three days alone, I made $406.Thai initial success was more than just encouraging — it was ____6____ that I was solving a real problem and that the market was there for my services. Seeing people stream into the centre, grateful for the charging service, ____7____ my belief that business is about addressing needs and serving others.
The journey of starting this business was not without challenges. When I needed ____8____ to start the business, I negotiated with my relatives to give me two cows, which I then sold to raise funds. I also drew on technical skills to handle the electrical work myself, which ____9____ my startup costs. Today, the charging center is alive with activities.
The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as l begin my university journey. Looking back, I can see how these _____10_____ lessons have set a stage for the future.
1. A. medicine B. literature C. business D. science
2. A. reliable B. private C. affordable D. renewable
3. A. discuss B. raise C. report D. address
4. A. promote B. replace C. meet D. guide
5. A. disappointing B. incredible C. strange D. embarrassing
6 A. proof B. doubt C. hope D. fear
7. A. confused B. challenged C. confirmed D. changed
8. A. income B. capital C. price D. profit
9. A. estimated B. provided C. doubled D. reduced
10. A. practical B. classic C. familiar D. cultural
第二节：词汇语法综合(共15 小题；每题1分，共15分)
(一)
选择方块中合适的词和词组填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。
set off make sense dominate take up
reject push oneself to the limits guilty
11. As a child, he ________ by his father. He was prohibited to make any decisions.
12. Many retired people ________ gardening as a hobby.
13. Outstanding athletes always ________ to get to the top of a sport.
14. When she was sent to boarding school, she felt as though her parents ________ her.
15. She must have done something wrong, because she’s looking so ________.
16 ________ firecrackers can add to the festive atmosphere and offer an outlet for people’s pleasure and excitement.
17. It ________ to pay off your debts before you start trying to save money.
(二)在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
18. By about 6,000 BC, people ________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19. Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树)a bamboo platform, ________ he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. (用适当的词填空)
20. Although Jason Harley had lots of money, he was tired of ________ (regard) as a successful person. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21. If a teenager ________ (see) as weak or different by the majority of their peers, they can become a target for bullies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22. Liu Xiang had an ________ (ambition) goal for the future: “To be No.1.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
23. Landing on the moon’s far side is ________ (extreme) challenging. （所给词的适当形式填空）
24. When ________ (expose) to heat, plastics will soften. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25. Exactly ________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. （用单词适当形式填空）
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节， 38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Most kids spent their summer holidays playing video-games, watching TV and sleeping in.Parents can follow the steps below, and your kids can break their summertime tech habits and adapt to a school-friendly schedule in two weeks.
Shift bedtime
There’s nothing more important to kicking off the school year successfully than getting sufficient sleep. Two weeks before school begins, schedule bedtime back by about 20 minutes a night to stop kids staying up late or sleeping in. Instead of a long, fun bathtime, switch to a quick shower. Keep all digital devices out of their bedrooms and buy them alarm clocks.
Set screen goals
Having intentional goals for screen use can help kids change their tech habits. You might decide to make screen time a reward rather than a right. Set limits on digital activities such as no videogames until they complete homework. Don’t jump to no apps but consider using apps that control the length of time kids can use a device. Establish zones in your house where electronics simply are not allowed. Besides, get your kids involved in activities that don’t need a screen.
Make a schedule
A summer spent without routine can make jumping back into the structure of school difficult for kids. Setting a schedule for the last two weeks of summer can work. Ms. Rawson, founder of the Screen Time Clinic, suggests creating blocks of time that mirror those of the school day,arranging 30 to 50 minutes for an activity, depending on the kid’s age, along with a set lunchtime. Kids should have a say in deciding how to fill the day’s time blocks. The activities can involve anything but screens.
26. Before the new school year begins, kids can shift bedtime by .
A. taking a long bath B. sleeping in a lot
C. using phones as alarm clocks D. moving to bed earlier
27. According to the passage, what should parents do to adjust kids’ screen time?
A. Manage homework time with apps.
B. Forbid them from using electronics.
C. Reserve areas for screen-free activities.
D. Remove apps from their digital devices.
28. A school-friendly schedule should
A. reflect individual needs of kids
B. copy the exact school timetables
C. start from the beginning of holidays
D. combine study with digital entertainment
B
I had wanted to be a cellist for as long as I could remember. At fifteen I won a scholarship to a specialist music school. I got up at 5 a.m. to play scales, practised at lunchtime and returned to my cello (大提琴) after lessons.
One evening while practicing a demanding piece, I pushed myself too far. I felt a burning pain between my wrist and elbow. When it hadn’t got better after a day or two, I started to panic. Days became weeks. I still could not write or play. Weeks turned into months. Opportunities for concerts, recitals, and competitions came and went.
When I wasn’t sitting with my instrument, I was punishing myself for my own stupidity. My technique had probably not been secure enough for the demands I was placing on it. But now it was too late.
Over two years, I gradually recovered some arm function. I was able to play some early music such as Handel and Bach, on a baroque cello, as the movements are gentler and lighter. However, the possibility of my arm letting me down has never left me.
The turning point came, unexpectedly, during a photoshoot for an up-to-date picture. The photographer suggested I get my cello and see what images of playing might look like. I hesitated — I didn’t see myself as a cellist any more. But then I fetched it and sat playing snatches of Bach. In that moment, the lens pointing at my instrument and me, I began to understand something I had only half sensed until then. Away from my cello, my shadow was missing. Without it I felt incomplete. But with my instrument I was protected and entirely happy in my own skin.
During that photoshoot I realised I needed to find out what the cello, and its absence, had meant to other cellists, to understand what it meant to me. So I planned a journey across Europe. I encountered cellos destroyed by war and shipwreck, and even a cello tat had been turned into a beehive. I even played with a resourceful cellist, who, having lost the use of his right thumb, ties his bow onto his hand with a bicycle inner tube.
Over the course of my travels, I learned I was not alone. Besides, my experience might help others. I am also beginning to look for ways to return to the repertoire (曲目) I loved. Supported by a community of musicians in similar situations, I now celebrate every concert as a step towards healing.
29. After the injury, the author .
A. tried an alternative career path
B. played Bach to impress the audience
C. secured the performing opportunities
D. blamed herself for practicing too hard
30. The photoshoot experience was a turning point for the author because .
A. it improved her professional image
B. it showed her constant efforts paid off
C. it deepened her connection to the cello
D. it allowed her to meet incredible cellists
31. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Fortune favors the bold.
B. Constant dripping wears the stone.
C. Good things come to those who wait.
D. When given lemons, make lemonade.
C
Researchers from the NeuroMind Institute have developed a new system that uses predator (捕食者) robots to chase (追逐) larval (幼体的) zebrafish in an open water. This innovative approach is helping scientists study how the young fish rapidly learn and adapt in real-world conditions.
Larval zebrafish are a valuable tool for neuroscientists because their transparency enables easy study of the brain and behaviour. However, it’s been difficult for scientists to study learning in these developing vertebrates (脊椎动物) — an important part of understanding how the brain works. Previous research found young zebrafish could learn simple associations. But this type of learning happens slowly and often unreliably, and it was still unclear whether days-old zebrafish can learn fast enough to use their memory in natural situations, like recognizing and avoiding new predators.
The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics.
The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat.
Using this system, the researchers made an unexpected discovery that not only could larval zebrafish learn extremely quickly in a more natural context, but they could also do so just five days after beginning their lives as single cells. This was particularly surprising given the fact that a developing zebrafish larva contains just one percent or so of the neurons (神经元) in its adult form. The findings suggest that some essential learning abilities, like recognizing predators, emerge early in life and are critical for survival.
Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn. It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats.
32. Why did the researchers develop a new system with larval zebrafish?
A. To observe their hunting behaviours. B. To identify their simple associations.
C. To examine their brain characteristics. D. To uncover their learning in natural settings.
33. What does the underlined word “dynamics” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Interaction. B. Function. C. Structure. D. Standard.
34. What can we learn about larval zebrafish?
A. They can distinguish between robots and fish.
B. They learn fast through a multi-regional brain network.
C. They develop learning abilities when reaching adulthood.
D. They can recognise predators with much neurons needed.
35. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. Explaining the robot design used in the experiment.
B. Exploring danger processing in other species’ brains.
C. Analysing the connection between learning and planning.
D. Describing zebrafish behaviours in different surroundings.
D
Americans clearly love their museums. One of the most famous, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), saw a record 6.5 million visitors in 2015. But record attendance doesn’t necessarily translate into record revenue. Last month，the Met said it was trying to erase a USS10 million budget deficit. Meanwhile, one of its rivals，the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder? My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion, billionaires and demographics.
First, underlying the Met’s financial challenges is the problem with the acquisitions policy. Recent directors of the Met did not add much to the museum’s modern collection. The argument was that museums such as the MoMA were already providing such works in their collections and that the acquisition of contemporary art by living artists was problematic and risky. However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn’t able to keep up with the tastes of the customers. And by the time it might recognize this, it’s already too late to do much about it because the costs to acquire the in-demand art is sky-high. This leads to a second critical issue-the changing distribution of income and its effects on museum finance and operation.
We are living in a boom period for contemporary art. The number of auctions and art fairs has grown enormously to accommodate this growing market. In a world with about 1,800 billionaires, it only takes a relative few to drive high-end art prices to astronomical levels. Works by the German artist Gerhard Richter have generated $1.2 billion in sales in recent years. The soaring prices mean museums simply can’t keep up and must usually depend on donations to assemble the best works, or they’re priced out. Moreover, billionaires themselves are increasingly setting up their own private museums, further distancing the ability of public museums to get the good stuff.
A third interrelated problem is that demographic issues have put pressure on the revenue side. Unemployment, early retirements and the aging of the population in the US have contributed to increased attendance at museums. You might think it’s a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don’t result in more revenue, profitability goes down. This is because of the longstanding movement toward making museums “free” by having individuals, government or businesses “sponsor” the cost. But when that support gets reduced by budget costs or another reason, museums must either cover the cost themselves or lose patrons by suddenly charging fees. There is evidence that attendance rises when economic growth slows, but that’s also when those “sponsors” are more likely to begin to disappear.
Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it’d be wise for their administrators to consider the economies in their calculations.
36. According to the author, ________.
A. MoMA saw a rise in donation due to its increased attendance
B. the Met failed to respond to the artistic tastes of modern visitors
C. the Met considered works of the living artists as questionable
D. MoMA added to its modern collection despite the budget deficit
37. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Billionaires control art auctions to price out public museums.
B. The boom of modern art will lead visitors to private museums.
C. The increase in visitors can hurt the profitability of museums.
D Economic slowdowns result in a weakened interest in museums.
38. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of museums in the US?
A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Uncertain.
39. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. How can Museums Boost Revenues?
B. Should Museums Charge Entrance Fees?
C. Will Museums Survive in a Fast-changing World?
D. What Causes the Financial Challenges of Museums?
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. ____40____ A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.
____41____ It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances.
To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. ____42____ In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent.
What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. ____43____
There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. ____44____ “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience.
A. Admittedly, this finding only shows connections.
B. Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers.
C. This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer.
D. The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong.
E. Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment.
F. The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate.
G. Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节， 32分)
第一节：阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。(共4小题；第45至46题每小题2分，第47题3分，第48题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
How Gratitude Makes You Happier
Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these.
Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude.
Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also promotes feelings like trust and generosity, which are induced by oxytocin, a hormone released by the brain.
Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value.
So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life.
45. What does happiness include besides what we usually think?
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46. On what does gratitude have a positive influence?
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47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value.
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48. How can you exercise being grateful? (In about 40 words)
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第二节 应用文写作 (20分)
49. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校下个月将要举办“图书漂流”（BookCrossing）活动——将自己喜欢的图书放在学校任意公共场所，感兴趣的同学读完后将书放回原处，让其继续漂流。请你给交换生Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：
1. 活动意义；
2. 具体安排；
3. 发出邀请。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 适当增减细节，使文章连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
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Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将答案写在答题卡指定区域内)
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