专题04 现在完成时+过去完成时（复习讲义）（广东小高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题04现在完成时+过去完成时 目录 考情分析与命题趋势.......................................................................................................1 知识体系构建...................................................................................................................1 考点精析与突破...............................................................................................................2 考点一：现在完成时（常考点）...................................................................................2 考点二：过去完成时（重点）.......................................................................................7 实战精练与提升...............................................................................................................11 一、考试要求 谓语动词的时态、语态是高考的必考项目。现在完成时和过去完成时就是其中较为重要的考点。这些时态所对应的被动语态的运用也要牢固掌握。要准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 现在完成时 5年4考 现在完成时与其被动语态 预测2026年在听力、语法填空和写作中考查 过去完成时 5年3考 过去完成时与其被动语态 预测2026年在听力、语法填空和写作中考查 现在完成时 核心概念：回顾过去，立足现在。动作发生在过去，但其影响或结果持续到现在。 构成：have/has + 过去分词 关键时间状语： 模糊过去类（不接具体过去时间）: already（已经）, just（刚刚）, yet（还/已经-用于疑问/否定）, before（以前） 至今类: ever（曾经）, never（从不） 近期类: recently（最近）, lately（近来） 次数类: once, twice, several times 时间段类（强调持续）: for + 一段时间, since + 过去时间点, so far（迄今为止）, up to now（直到现在）, in the last/past few years 过去完成时 核心概念：立足过去，回顾更早的过去。 构成：had + 过去分词 关键时间状语： by the end of last year/month... by the time + 一般过去时从句 when/before/after + 一般过去时从句（注意： after 从句因本身逻辑清晰，可用一般过去时代替过去完成时） for three years when... (当...的时候，已经持续了三年) 现在完成时考点精析与突破 考点一：时间状语信号 模糊过去 already, just, yet I have already finished my work. (肯定句) Have you seen the movie yet? (疑问句) He hasn't come yet. (否定句) 经历/从未 ever, never Have you ever been to London? I have never forgotten that day. 近期至今 recently, lately, so far, up to now So far, the team has achieved great success. 过去时间段 in the past/last few years, for, since Great changes have taken place in the past decade. 【突破重点】for 与 since 的陷阱 for + 时间段 (e.g., for two hours, for three days) since + 时间点 (e.g., since 1999, since last week, since he arrived) 必考句型: It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 例子 It is / has been five years since we graduated. 变式题1: — Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight? — I'd love to, but I ______ that movie already. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see 答案：B 解析：本题的关键信号词是“already”（已经）。根据现在完成时的使用规则，“already”通常与现在完成时连用，表示动作已经完成并对现在造成影响（即：因为已经看过，所以现在不想再看了）。A选项“saw”是一般过去时，通常与具体过去时间连用，而本句没有。C选项是过去完成时，需要有过去的参照点。D选项是一般现在时，与“already”的语境不符。 变式题2: So far, we ______ about twenty new words in this unit. A. learn B. learned C. are learning D. have learned 答案：D 解析：本题的关键信号词是“So far”（迄今为止）。"So far" 表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，强调到目前为止的成果或经历。A和B选项无法体现“从过去持续到现在”的时间范围。C选项是现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作，与句意不符。 变式题3: It is the most interesting book I ______. A. ever read B. have ever read C. had ever read D. will ever read 答案：B 解析：本题虽然没有典型的“ever”，但“我读过的最有趣的书”这个最高级结构，隐含了“从过去到现在的一生经历”的时间范围。在这种“It is the best/worst/most... (that) 主语 + have/has ever done”句型中，定语从句必须使用现在完成时。C选项过去完成时缺乏过去的参照点。 考点二：延续性动词与瞬间动词 在现在完成时中，瞬间动词（表示不能持续的动作）不能与表示一段时间的 for/since 短语连用。 突破技巧：动词转换表 He has died for three years. (×) He has been dead for three years. (√) The film has begun for 10 minutes. (×) The film has been on for 10 minutes. (√) I have bought the book for a week. (×) I have had the book for a week. (√) She has left home for two days. (×) She has been away from home for two days. (√) 变式题1: His grandfather ______ for ten years. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. had died 答案：C 解析：本题的时间状语是“for ten years”（持续十年）。"die"（死）是瞬间动词，动作不能持续十年。因此必须将其转换为可以表示状态的延续性短语“be dead”。A和B选项都使用了瞬间动词“die”，是错误的。D选项时态和动词都不对。 变式题2: The famous writer ______ for over half a century. A. has married B. has been married C. married D. had married 答案：B 解析：时间状语是“for over half a century”（超过半个世纪），表示一个时间段。"marry"（结婚）是瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的“for...”连用。必须转换为表示持续婚姻状态的“be married”。A和C选项都使用了瞬间动词“marry”，是错误的。 变式题3: — When did you borrow this book? — I ______ it since last Monday. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. have kept D. kept 答案：C 解析：本题的答句中有“since last Monday”（自从上周一），这是现在完成时的标志，且表示持续。"borrow"（借）是瞬间动词，表示“借入”的动作一瞬间就完成了，不能与“since...”连用表示“持有”的状态。必须转换为延续性动词“keep”（保存，持有）。A和D是一般过去时，与“since”矛盾。B选项使用了瞬间动词“borrow”，是错误的。 考点三：语境中暗含的“对现在的影响” 没有明显时间状语时，需根据上下文逻辑判断。 例子 — The window is broken. — I know. It has been like that for a week. (结果：窗户现在还是坏的) You look familiar. I think we have met before. (影响：我现在觉得你面熟) 变式题1: — Tom, can you help me with my homework? — Sorry, Mom. I ______ my hands full at the moment. I'm preparing for my own test. A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 答案：A 解析：本题没有明显的时间状语，但通过语境可以判断。答句说“我现在手头很忙”，这里的“have”表示的是一种“拥有（很多事）”的状态，这个状态是现在存在的。虽然“have”不是完成时态，但此题很好地考察了通过语境判断“现在状态”的能力。现在完成时（C）强调从过去持续到现在，而这里更强调当前瞬间的状态，故一般现在时“have”最贴切。此题为对比题，意在说明并非所有隐含影响都用完成时，关键是判断动作/状态的本质。 变式题2: — Look at the ground! It's all wet. — Oh, it ______ last night. A. must rain B. must be raining C. must have rained D. had rained 答案：C 解析：本题通过现在的结果“地面是湿的”来推断过去某个动作肯定发生了。这里考查的是“情态动词 + have done”结构表示对过去的推测。"must have rained"是对过去动作“下雨”的肯定推测，意思是“昨晚肯定下雨了”，完美地连接了过去的动作（下雨）和现在的结果（地湿）。B选项表示对现在正在发生的动作的推测，与“last night”矛盾。D选项过去完成时缺乏过去的参照点。 变式题3: I'm not hungry. I ______ a big lunch. A. have just had B. had just had C. just have D. was just having 答案：A 解析：本题通过现在的状态“我不饿”来暗示原因。原因就是“我刚吃了一顿丰盛的午餐”。“吃午餐”这个过去的动作导致了“现在不饿”的结果。关键词“just”（刚刚）常与现在完成时连用，表示一个刚刚完成的、对现在有直接影响的行为。B选项是过去完成时，需要用在一个过去的语境中。C和D选项的时态不能准确表达“刚刚完成并影响现在”的含义。 过去完成时考点精析与突破 过去完成时考点精析与突破 考点一：时间状语与从句，定位“过去的过去” By/By the time ，by + 过去时间, by the time + 从句 例子 By 2010, he had learned 3,000 English words. By the time the firemen arrived, the fire had been put out. when, before, after + 过去时 When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun. He had worked there for 5 years before he was promoted. 突破重点after 与 before 的简化 after 从句：因逻辑清晰，从句可用过去完成时或一般过去时。 After he (had) finished his work, he went to bed. before 从句：主句动作发生在从句之前，主句常用过去完成时。 例子 The train had left before I reached the station. 变式题1: By the end of last year, she ______ in the company for five years. A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. would work 答案：C 解析：本题的关键时间状语是“By the end of last year”（到去年年底为止）。这是一个明确的过去时间点。动作“工作”是在这个过去时间点之前已经开始并持续的行为，因此需要用到“过去的过去”时态，即过去完成时（had worked）。A选项是现在完成时，时间基准是“现在”，与“last year”矛盾。B选项一般过去时只表示过去发生，无法体现“在该时间点前已完成”的含义。 变式题2: When I woke up this morning, I found that my brother ______ all the milk. I had nothing to drink. A. drinks B. drank C. has drunk D. had drunk 答案：D 解析：本题提供了一个过去的参照点“When I woke up this morning”（当我今早醒来时）。我发现（found）的事情，必然是在“发现”这个过去动作之前就已经发生的。因此，“喝光牛奶”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，是“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时（had drunk）。C选项现在完成时的时间基准错误。 变式题3: They ______ the project two days before the deadline. A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. would finish 答案：C 解析：本题的时间标志是“two days before the deadline”（在截止日期的两天前）。“截止日期”本身是一个过去的时间点，那么“在它两天前”就是一个更早的过去。动作“完成”发生在这个更早的过去，因此需要用过去完成时（had finished）来表明其相对于“截止日期”的先后关系。A选项一般过去时无法清晰表达这种先后顺序。 考点二：宾语从句中的时态呼应 主句是过去时（said, told, knew, thought...），若从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句需用过去完成时。 例子 He told me that he had seen the movie. I knew I had made a mistake the moment I did it. 变式题1 He realized that he ______ his wallet at home. A. leaves B. left C. has left D. had left 答案：D 解析：主句“He realized”（他意识到）是一般过去时。从句“把钱包忘在家里”这个动作，显然是发生在“意识到”之前的。根据“主过从过”的时态呼应原则，发生在主句动作之前的动作，从句应使用过去完成时（had left）。 变式题2 The teacher asked us what we ______ with the problem. A. do B. did C. have done D. had done 答案：D 解析：主句“The teacher asked”（老师问）是一般过去时。从句“我们做了什么”中的动作“做”，是在老师“问”这个动作之前就已经发生的。老师问的是“截止到我问的这一刻，你们已经做了什么”，所以从句动作是“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时（had done）。 变式题3 She told me she ______ never ______ to Shanghai until then. A. had ... been B. has ... been C. was ... been D. is ... been 答案：A 解析：主句“She told me”（她告诉我）是过去时。从句中的时间状语“until then”（直到那时），“then”指的就是“她告诉我的那个过去时刻”。所以，“从未去过”这个状态是持续到那个过去时刻的，需要用过去完成时（had never been）来表示在那之前的人生经历。 考点三：固定句型 Hardly/Scarcely...when... (一...就...) Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner...than... (刚...就...) No sooner had he lain down than he fell asleep. 【注意】 以上句型主句用过去完成时，且部分倒装（had提前）。 变式题1 ______ stepped out of the house than he heard someone calling his name. A. No sooner he had B. No sooner had he C. As soon as he had D. Hardly he had 答案：B 解析：本题考查“No sooner...than...”句型。该句型要求主句部分使用过去完成时，并且要将助动词had提到主语he之前，构成部分倒装。因此正确语序是“No sooner had he stepped...”。A选项没有倒装。C选项“As soon as”虽然意思相近，但它引导的从句不需要倒装，且时态常用一般过去时。D选项搭配错误，且无倒装。 变式题2 ______ arrived at the airport when it started to pour down. A. Scarcely I had B. Scarcely had I C. I scarcely had D. I had scarcely 答案：B 解析：本题考查“Scarcely/Hardly...when...”句型。该句型同样要求主句部分使用过去完成时并部分倒装。正确语序是“Scarcely had I arrived...”。A、C、D选项的语序均不符合该句型的倒装规则。 变式题3 No sooner ______ the question than he knew the answer. A. he had asked B. had he asked C. he has asked D. has he asked 答案：B 解析：本题再次考查“No sooner...than...”句型。首先，这是一个过去事件，需要用过去完成时，排除C和D（现在完成时）。其次，句型要求部分倒装，所以“had he asked”是正确的。A选项“he had asked”没有倒装，是错误的。 一、单句语法填空 1．I wrote to the hotel last week, but they (not answer) yet.   【答案】haven’t answered 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：我上周给酒店写了信，但他们还没有回复。结合时间状语“yet”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语they是复数代词，谓语用复数形式，其否定形式为haven’t answered。故填haven’t answered。 2．Mavis (live) in Shenzhen for almost 10 years. 【答案】has lived/has been living 【详解】考查时态。句意：Mavis已经/一直在深圳生活了近10年。for almost 10 years表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用；如果更加强调动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，也可用现在完成进行。主语是Mavis，助动词用第三人称单数has。故填has lived/has been living。 3．Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs. 【答案】have started 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市已经开始以包装形式出售鸡肉或沙拉。start(开始)是谓语动词，与主语“some supermarkets”之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，描述从过去持续到现在并可能继续下去的动作，用现在完成时态，主语是复数名词，谓语用复数形式。故填have started。 4．“China (develop) very fast in the last few years as the government has spent much money in encouraging innovation,” said a foreigner living in China.   【答案】has developed 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“中国在过去几年发展非常迅速，因为政府投入了大量资金鼓励创新，”一位居住在中国的外国人说。develop(发展)是主句谓语，根据时间状语“in the last few years”可知，句子强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，应用现在完成时态，主语China是专有名词，谓语用单数形式。故填has developed。 5．It is the third time that she (come) to this mountain village to see the children. 【答案】has come 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这是她第三次到这个山村来看孩子们。分析句子可知，该句为“It is the + 序数词 + time that...”的固定句型。该句型表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，其中that引导的从句需要用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词），强调动作的重复性和对现在的影响。句中主语是“she”（第三人称单数），“come”的过去分词是 “come”。故填has come。 6．Over the past decade, China (witness) a shift in consumer behavior marked by the rise of guochao, a trend emphasizing nationalistic branding. 【答案】has witnessed 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去十年里，中国见证了消费者行为的转变，其标志是“国潮”的兴起，这是一种强调民族主义品牌的趋势。根据句中的“Over the past decade”可知，动词使用现在完成时，主语China是单数，助动词应用has。故填has witnessed。 7．Sanxingdui, which is located in Guanghan, Sichuan, has long been the site of archaeological finds. Researchers (excavate) sacrificial pits at the site since 2020, and (find) almost 13,000 archaeological items that date back to the Bronze Age. 【答案】 have been excavating have found 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：三星堆位于四川广汉，长期以来一直是考古发现的地点。研究人员自2020年以来一直在该遗址挖掘祭祀坑，已经发现了近13000件可追溯到青铜时代的考古物品。分析句子可知，第一空根据时间状语“since 2020”以及语境“一直在挖掘”，强调动作从过去开始持续到现在且可能仍在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语“Researchers”是复数，填have been excavating；第二空结合“since 2020”，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为复数，填have found。故填①have been excavating；②have found。 8．According to AFI, some 3,000 artists (ask) the organization to help them leave Afghanistan or neighboring countries to which they (flee). 【答案】 have asked have fled 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：据阿富汗国际联合会称，约有3000名艺术家已向该组织请求帮助，以便他们能够离开阿富汗或他们所逃往的周边国家。动词ask在主句中作谓语，动词短语ask sb to do表示“请求某人做某事”，该句表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作，故应用现在完成时，主语是some 3,000 artists，助动词用have，故空①填have asked；flee为动词，表示“逃跑、逃离”，在从句中作谓语，该句也表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作，故应用现在完成时，主语是they，助动词用have，故空②填have fled。 9．It is not the first time that his footwear (raise) eyebrows. 【答案】has raised 【详解】考查时态。句意：这已经不是他的鞋子第一次引人侧目了。It is not the first time that ... 是固定句型，其中that引导的从句需用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在的情况。主语his footwear为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故填has raised。 10．“How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I (live) by these words. 【答案】have lived 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：“我怎样才能交到朋友?”她给了我建议。“做你自己。”在过去的20年里，我一直以此作为自己的生活准则。”live为不及物动词，表示“生活”，在句中作谓语，根据For the past 20 years可知，该句表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时；主语是I，助动词用have。故填have lived。 11．In the past few years, online learning (become) a significant part of the university and college experience. 【答案】has become 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学和学院体验中一个重要的部分。根据时间状语In the past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语online learning是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has become。 12．Listening to loud music (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers by now. 【答案】has caused 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，听大声的音乐已经导致了一些青少年的听力丧失。根据时间状语by now可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。主语是Listening to loud music，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has caused。 13．A large number of restaurants and café (open) along the street since 2000. 【答案】have opened 【详解】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：自2000年以来，这条街上开了许多餐馆和咖啡馆。根据时间状语since 2000可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语A large number of restaurants and café为复数，助动词用have。故填have opened。 14．Perhaps no other scientist (have) a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 【答案】has had 【详解】考查时态。句意：或许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句子强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。主语为no other scientist，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has had。 15．The Boys and Girls Club which Jordan started in Chicago (help) young people since 1996. 【答案】has helped/has been helping 【详解】考查时态。句意：乔丹在芝加哥创办的男孩女孩俱乐部自1996年以来一直在帮助年轻人。设空处在句中作谓语，且与主语The Club之间为主动关系；根据时间状语since 1996并结合语境可知，此处表示该俱乐部从1996年以来一直帮助年轻人，此处未强调“帮助”这一动作是否会延续，因此可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语The Club为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has helped/has been helping。 16．Time (fade) the colors, but the parks are still vivid, just full of loneliness. 【答案】has faded 【详解】考查时态。句意：时间已经使色彩褪去，但这些公园仍然鲜活，只是充满了孤寂。此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响（色彩已褪去），应用现在完成时；主语 Time 为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 has faded。 17．Chemical pesticides (杀虫剂) and artificial fertilisers (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. 【答案】have been 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中广泛使用。所给词“be”是动词。句中时间状语“since the middle of the 20th century”（自 20 世纪中叶以来）是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers”（化学杀虫剂和人工肥料）是复数形式，所以助动词用 “have”，“be” 的过去分词是“been”。故填have been。 18．He is a famous of pop music and more than 50 pieces of music since 2021.(compose) 【答案】 composer has composed 【详解】考查compose的名词和动词用法。句意：他是著名的流行音乐作曲家，自2021年以来创作了50多首音乐作品。根据“a famous”可知，空①应用名词单数，作表语，composer为可数名词，表示“作曲家”，符合句意，故空①填composer；空②在句中为并列谓语动词，由“since 2021”可知，应用现在完成时，表示动作已完成，compose为动词，表示“作曲、创作”，与主语“He”为主动关系，谓语为单数形式，故空②填has composed。故填①composer；②has composed。 19．This is my first time that I (invite) you to attend our program Talk and Talk. 【答案】have invited 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：这是我第一次邀请你们来参加我们的节目Talk and Talk。This is my first time that sb. have/has done“这是某人第一次做某事”是固定句型，从句应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have invited。 20．Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds (prove) skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 【答案】have proved 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：虽然在野外尚未发现这些鸟会使用工具，但把它们关在笼子里时，已证明它们很擅长使用工具。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据句意，句子描述的是鸟类到目前为止所呈现出的情况，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，应用现在完成时，句子的主语the birds是复数形式，助动词用have。故填have proved。 21．Once a pair (determine) to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. 【答案】has been determined 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一旦确定某对（学生）适合参与，他们将被单独联系，并获得一个特殊的许可号码以注册该项目。空处为Once引导时间状语从句的谓语动词，主语“a pair”与动词“determine”之间存在被动关系，根据“主将从现”原则并结合主句的将来时“will be contacted”，从句应用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作，表示先于主句动作发生的动作，即先确定合适人选，再联系学生，所以该句为现在完成时的被动语态，且主语“a pair”为单数，助动词用has。故填has been determined。 22．Tai Hang, a modern-looking neighborhood in Hong Kong, is home to the Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance, a folk art form that (perform) during the Mid-Autumn Festival for over 100 years. 【答案】has been performed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：大坑是香港的一个现代化社区，是大坑火龙舞的故乡，这是一种民间艺术形式，已经在中秋节表演了100多年。空处为that引导定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“for over 100 years”可知，应用现在完成时。主语that指代的先行词a folk art form与perform是动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been performed。 23．It is said that since January, goods with dragon-themed elements, such as daily necessities, alcohol and gold jewelry, (prefer) by consumers. 【答案】have been preferred 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：据说，自1月份以来，带有龙主题要素的商品，如日用品、酒、珠宝等，一直受到消费者的青睐。空处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“since January”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语“goods with dragon-themed elements ”和prefer为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词使用have。故填have been preferred。 24．In the past decades, efforts (make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. 【答案】have been made 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去几十年里，门头沟区一直在努力保护这种标志性的民间舞蹈文化。分析句子结构可知，此处是谓语。In the past decades作时间状语，应用现在完成时。make和efforts是动宾关系，用被动语态。且主语efforts是复数，故填have been made。 25．There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity (give) financial support to roll it out countrywide. 【答案】has been given 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：现在东北部的20家养老院里有700名老人在照顾母鸡，该慈善机构已经得到财政支持，将在全国范围内推广这一项目。空处为并列句的谓语动词，结合语境，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语the charity和动词give之间是动宾关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为：have/has been done，主语the charity是单数，助动词需用has。故填has been given。 26．I (motivate) — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. 【答案】have been motivated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我一生都被别人的成就所激励，也失去了动力。动词和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意和时间状语all my life，描述过去的动作一直持续到现在，用现在完成时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填have been motivated。 27．The bus has (stick) in the mud, so we had to get off and walk to a village. 【答案】been stuck 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：公交车陷在泥里了，所以我们不得不下车步行去一个村庄。根据空前的has及语境可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，来强调公共汽车从过去某一时刻开始一直处于被卡住的状态，其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”，空前已有助动词has，故空处应用been stuck，且be stuck in为固定短语，意为“陷入……”，符合语境。故填been stuck。 28．The reason why the lake smells terrible is that large quantities of water (pollute) in the last few years. 【答案】have been polluted 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意：湖水这么难闻的原因是，在过去的几年里，大量的水已经被污染了。空处为表语从句的谓语动词，water与pollute之间为被动关系；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词的形式应与quantities保持一致，用复数形式；再根据时间状语 in the last few years可知，此处用现在完成时。故填have been polluted。 29．All possible means (use) to stop the river from being polluted. 【答案】have been used 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：所有可能的方法都已被用来阻止这条河被污染。空处作句子的谓语，时态宜用现在完成时，表示动作已经完成，且对现在有影响，use“使用”和主语means之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语means“方式，方法”被All修饰，是复数意义，助动词应用have。故填have been used。 30．A great deal (finish) so far, but there is still much to be done. 【答案】has been finished 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经完成了大量工作，但仍有许多工作要做。根据时间状语so far可知，此处描述过去动作对现在造成的影响；动词finish与主语A great deal之间存在被动关系，因此空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填has been finished。 31．The young man insisted that he （hand）in the paper on time. 【答案】had handed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个年轻人坚持说他已经按时交了论文。根据句意可知，本句中的insist表示“坚持说(某个事实或观点)”，其后的宾语从句应使用陈述语气，并根据实际时间关系选择时态。本题中，“hand in the paper(交论文)”先于“insist(坚持说)”，且insisted用的是过去式，说明hand in的动作发生在过去的过去，因此应用过去完成时(had done)。故填had handed。 32．I called him up yesterday, but his wife told me that he (leave) for Wuhan three days before. 【答案】had left 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我昨天给他打电话，但他妻子告诉我他三天前就去武汉了。分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，从句中主语he与leave为主动关系，从句的动作“leave(离开)”发生在主句谓语动词“told(告诉)”之前 ——told是过去发生的动作，leave则是“过去的过去”发生的动作，因此从句需用过去完成时。故填had left。 33．I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived. 【答案】had started 【详解】考查时态。句意：我发现这个讲座很难跟上，因为我到的时候它已经开始了。 it (指代the lecture)与start为主动关系，“到达（arrived）”是过去的动作，“讲座开始”发生在“到达”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had started。 34．They (watch) their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do. 【答案】had watched 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们曾看过母亲在厨房干活，事情其实很简单，詹娜和杰夫很清楚该怎么做。watch为动词，表示“看、观看”，作谓语；根据下文可知，詹娜和杰夫知道该怎么做，是因为他们曾看过母亲在厨房做过，结合knew可知，空处表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。故填had watched。 35．They (be) in love with each other for about two years before they got married. 【答案】had been 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们结婚前已经相爱大约两年了。根据“for about two years before they got married”可知，此处表示“过去的过去”一直持续的动作，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had been。 36．I (not expect) I’d be standing there that morning. 【答案】hadn’t expected 【详解】考查时态。句意：我没有想到那天早上我会站在那里。根据not expect和从句中的时间状语that morning可知，主句描述的是过去某个时间点（that morning）之前没有预料到会站在那里，因此主句的动作发生在过去的过去，空处应用过去完成时的否定形式。故填hadn’t expected。 37．It was the first time that Chen Liyan (report) her story. 【答案】had reported 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是Chen Liyan第一次报道她的故事。It was the first time that+从句为固定句型，意为“是某人第一次做某事”，that从句中用过去完成时，即had done。故填had reported。 38．The Boeing 747 made its first flight in 1969, connecting international cities that (have) no direct routes and helping mass travel become commonplace. 【答案】had had 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：波音747于1969年首次飞行，连接了没有直飞航线的国际城市，并使大众旅行变得普遍。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，应用动词，此处描述的是在波音747首次飞行之前，这些国际城市之间没有直飞航线，即“过去的过去”发生的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had had。 39．Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they (sow). 【答案】had sown 【详解】考查时态。句意：几千年来，他们开始减少对可以从野外狩猎或采集的东西的依赖，更多地依靠他们饲养的动物和播种的作物。sow为定语从句谓语动词，结合and前定语从句animals they had raised的谓语had raised可知，此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had sown。 40．It was by the end of the day that we (sell) over 2,000 tickets. 【答案】had sold 【详解】考查时态。句意：到那天结束时，我们已经卖了2000多张票。本句话为强调句型，强调时间状语。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语by the end of the day可知，句子的时态为过去完成时态。故填had sold。 41．Japan (hatch) a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war the United States. 【答案】 had hatched on 【详解】考查动词时态和介词。句意：日本曾筹划对珍珠港发动突然袭击，所以袭击开始时没有任何警告，也没有向美国宣战。空格1作谓语，根据句意，从句中谓语began动作发生在主句动作之前，空格1应用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”；空格2为固定搭配declare war on，意为“对……宣战”。故空格1填had hatched；空格2填on。 42．To address this problem, experts (increase) the database from 32,000 characters to 70,000 characters by the end of 2023, according to the government. 【答案】had increased 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：据政府称，为了解决这一问题，专家们在2023年底之前将数据库从3.2万个字符增加到7万个字符。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语by the end of 2023可知，此处为过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”已经完成的动作。故填had increased。 43．It was the fourth time she (shop) online for hours. 【答案】had shopped 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第四次在网上连续购物数小时了。在“It/That was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中，that引导的从句要用过去完成时。故填had shopped。 44．Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【答案】had arrived 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 45．The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people. 【答案】had contacted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当主人到达挤满了人的酒吧时，他已经提前和我联系了。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句时间状语by the time he reached…可知，此处应为过去完成时。故填had contacted。 46．By the time I (finish) my homework, my family (cook) dinner already. 【答案】 finished had cooked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我完成作业的时候，我的家人已经做好晚饭了。分析句子可知，By the time…“到……的时候”，此处是指到我完成作业的时候，我的家人已经做好晚饭了，可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以此处要用一般过去时，finish的过去时为finished；根据already可知，cook的动作发生在finish之前，所以此处要用过去完成时，其结构为had done，cook的过去分词为cooked。故分别填finished；had cooked。 47．They (live) in China for two years before they (decide) to move to Canada. 【答案】 had lived decided 【详解】考查过去完成时和一般过去时。句意：在他们决定搬到加拿大之前，他们已经在中国住了两年。结合句意可知，从句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，live表示的动作发生在从句谓语动词decided之前，应用过去完成时，故填①had lived②decided。 48．I (intend) to call you, but was prevented from something unexpected. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本来打算给你打电话的，但是因为一件意想不到的事而耽搁了。由句意及but was prevented from something unexpected可知，此处表示原本打算做而实际上没有做的事情，应用过去完成时形式had intended，类似的还有had planned/had thought/had hoped, etc。故填had intended。 49．It was the second time that month that Jim (annoy) his mother because of his rudeness. 【答案】had annoyed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个月已经是吉姆第二次因为粗鲁而惹母亲生气了。“It was the+序数词 time that...”是固定句型， that从句中的谓语动词应该使用过去完成时，故填had annoyed。 50．It was the first time she (leave) her motherland. 【答案】had left 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是她第一次离开祖国。“It was +第几次+ that sb. had done sth.”表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，为固定结构，故本空用leave“离开”的过去完成时形式had left。故填had left。 51．By the end of November, 2022, videos recording or introducing this activity (play) 1.14 billion times, and related posts had attracted 11.58 million views on social media platforms, reported CCTV. 【答案】had been played 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据中央电视台报道，截至2022年11月底，记录或介绍该活动的视频播放量已达11.4亿次，相关帖子在社交媒体平台上的播放量已达1158万次。根据句中时间状语“By the end of November, 2022”（到 2022 年 11 月底），结合后半句“related posts had attracted...”使用了过去完成时，可知前半句也需用过去完成时。主语“videos”与谓语动词“play”之间是被动关系，因此应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been played。 52．It was the first time that she (leave) alone at home. 【答案】had been left 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是她第一次被单独留在家里。It was the first time that...句型中，从句要用过去完成时。she 和 leave之间是被动关系，表示 “她被独自留在家里”，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been left。 53．In the chaos and (confuse) after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis (kill) in the attack. Luckily, he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived. 【答案】 confusion had been killed 【详解】考查名词和动词时态和语态。句意：在袭击后的混乱中，美国海军向他的家人发送了一条信息，路易已经在袭击中丧生，幸运的是，他在消息到达之前就和他们取得了联系。and连接并列宾语，作介词in的宾语，用confuse的名词形式confusion，不可数名词，故空一填confusion；that引导同位语从句，解释说明message，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以kill作同位语从句的谓语动词，此动作发生在主句动作sent之前，主句为一般过去时态，所以从句要用过去完成时态。主句主语Louis和谓语动词kill之间为动宾关系，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。故填①confusion②had been killed。 54．The chef said the menu (adjust) to suit local tastes. That’s why more customers were flooding into the restaurant. 【答案】had been adjusted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：厨师说菜单已经调整以适应当地人的口味。这就是为什么越来越多的顾客涌入餐馆。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及That’s why more customers were flooding into the restaurant可知the menu与adjust之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been adjusted。 55．Bill (hardly admit) to a foreign university when he decided to give up looking for a job. 【答案】had hardly been admitted 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：比尔刚被外国大学录取就决定放弃找工作了。固定句型“主语+had hardly done...when+主语+did...”表示“一……就……”，Bill和admit为被动关系，故填had hardly been admitted。 56．If it (repair) earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down. 【答案】had been repaired 【详解】考查时态和语态：句意：如果早点修理，这台印刷机就不会坏了。谓语动词repair和主语it之间是被动关系，根据后文would not have broken可知，此处为虚拟语气，虚拟过去，条件句中应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sent。 57．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. 【答案】had been trapped 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子可知， trap是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语who(即先行词tourists)之间是被动关系，结合句意，“游客被困”发生在“冒着生命危险救援”之前，是“过去的过去”发生的事情，应用过去完成时态。综上，谓语动词用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。 58．It was the first time that this road (access) by humans. 【答案】had been accessed 【详解】考查动词。句意：这是人类第一次踏上这条路。分析句子，句中使用固定句型it was the first time that+过去完成时，表示“第一次做某事”。同时，this road和access之间是被动关系，故使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been accessed。 59．When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it but learned that it (sell) to a collector. 【答案】had been sold 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当他最终筹集到买小提琴的钱时，他回去买了它，但是得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。空格处在宾语从句中作谓语，根据句意从句动作发生在主句动作learned 之前，应用过去完成时，且主语 it（指代小提琴）和sell之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sold。 60．Was it the second time that Tom (blame) for his bad behavior in class? 【答案】had been blamed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是汤姆第二次因他在课堂上的不良行为而受到责备了吗？根据句子结构和意思可知，表示次数的从句中应当用完成时态，主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句的时态应当用过去完成时。主语Tom和动词blame之间存在被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态结构。故填had been blamed。 二、翻译 61．汤姆已决心不辜负父母的期望。 . 【答案】Tom has determined to live up to his parents’ expectations 【详解】考查动词、名词和固定搭配。由句意“已决心”可知，这里时态应用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响，“汤姆”为Tom，在句中作主语；表示“已决心”应用has determined，在本句中作谓语，表示“不辜负”应用live up to，determine to do表“决心做某事”，为固定搭配，live up to用不定式作determine宾语，“父母的期望”表达为 his parents’ expectations，作live up to宾语。故翻译为Tom has determined to live up to his parents’ expectations. 62．人类已经获得了探索宇宙的能力。（gain） 【答案】Humans have gained the ability to explore the universe. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。表示“人类”应用Humans，在本句中作主语；表示“已经获得了”应用have gained，在本句中作谓语，时态为现在完成时，强调动作对现在的影响；表示“探索宇宙的能力”应用the ability to explore the universe，为名词短语，在本句中作宾语，其中to explore the universe为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词ability。故翻译为Humans have gained the ability to explore the universe. 63．该公司已经安装了许多电脑供雇员使用。 【答案】The company has set many computers up for employees to use. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语。表示“该公司”用the company，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“已经安装”用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，强调电脑已经被安装好了，主语是the company，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，即has set up。表示“许多电脑”用many computers，作set up的宾语。表示“供……使用”用for sb. to use，这里用不定式to use作computers的后置定语，说明电脑的用途，“雇员”用employee，使用复数形式，作宾语。故翻译为The company has set many computers up for employees to use. 64．小妹领养的小狗一到家就俘获了全家人的心。(Upon) 【答案】Upon arriving home, the dog/puppy adopted by my little sister/youngest sister has captured the heart of the whole family. 【详解】考查动词（短语）、名词和非谓语动词。“一……就……”可用介词upon，后接动名词形式，“到家”可用动词短语arrive home；主语“小狗”可用名词the dog或the puppy，“小妹领养的”是修饰“小狗”的定语，可用过去分词短语adopted by my little sister或adopted by my youngest sister，作后置定语，表示被动关系；谓语“俘获”可用动词capture，这一行为很可能持续到现在，时态宜用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词使用has；宾语“全家人的心”可用名词短语the heart of the whole family。故可译为：Upon arriving home, the dog/puppy adopted by my little sister/youngest sister has captured the heart of the whole family. 65．随着电子商务行业的快速崛起，越来越多的老年人习惯了在网上购物，而不是去实体店。(accustom) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the rapid rise of the e-commerce industry, more and more elderly people have become accustomed to shopping online rather than going to physical stores. 【详解】考查with复合结构和固定搭配。根据句意句子描述当前趋势主句使用现在完成时体现动作持续性伴随状语用一般现在时。“随着电子商务行业的快速崛起”用with the rapid rise of the e-commerce industry作状语，位于句首单词首字母需大写；主语“越来越多的老年人”译为more and more elderly people；表示“习惯了做某事”用固定搭配become accustomed to doing sth.，主句用现在完成时have become accustomed to；“在网上购物”和“去实体店”译为shopping online和going to physical stores，通过rather than连接作介词to的宾语。故翻译为With the rapid rise of the e-commerce industry more and more elderly people have become accustomed to shopping online rather than going to physical stores. 66．这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute) 【答案】The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world. 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据中文提示可知，表示“这部电影”应用the film，在本句中作主语；表示“做出了很大贡献”应用 contributes/ has contributed significantly to，这里时态可用一般现在时表示客观情况，也可用现在完成时强调对现在的影响；表示“推动中国文化走向世界”应用promote Chinese culture to the world，为动词短语，且contribute to doing sth，表“助成某事”，为固定搭配，所以这里应用动名词短语作介词to后宾语。故填The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world. 67．自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer) 【答案】No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education. 【详解】考查固定短语和动词短语。“自从”使用连词since引导时间状语从句，使用一般过去时，主句使用现在完成时，“出国留学”使用动词短语go abroad for further study / education，“和……保持联系”使用动词短语keep in touch with，主句主语是she，助动词使用has。“不再”使用固定短语no longer，位于句首，句子为部分倒装。故翻译为：No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education. 68．令我们惊讶的是，他的作品在比赛中获得一等奖。 【答案】To our surprise, his work has won the first prize in the competition. 【详解】考查介词短语、动词时态和名词短语。表示“令某人惊讶的是”应用介词短语to one’s surprise，作状语，位于句首，表示“他的作品”应用名词短语his work，作主语，表示“获得一等奖”应用短语win the first prize，作谓语动词，由句意此处应用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的影响，表示“在比赛中”应用介词短语in the competition，作状语。故翻译为To our surprise, his work has won the first prize in the competition。 69．他已经几十年没见过如此壮美的日出了。(since) 【答案】It is/It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise/so magnificent a sunshine. Or: Decades has passed since he last witnessed the imposing/ glorious/ splendid/impressive/ spectacular sunrise. Or: He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise in decades/ since decades ago. 【详解】考查动词时态、形容词和状语从句。解析第一句：主句是“有好几年”，从句是since引导的状语从句，从句动词用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或者it is+一段时间，所以主句翻译为“It is/It has been decades”，从句中主语是he，谓语是“看见”用saw，“如此壮丽的日出”用“such+冠词+形容词+名词”表示或者“so+形容词+冠词+名词”，翻译为“such a magnificent sunrise”，或者翻译为“so magnificent a sunshine”。故翻译为It is/It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise/so magnificent a sunshine. Or: Decades has passed since he last witnessed the imposing/ glorious/ splendid/impressive/ spectacular sunrise.  Or: He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise in decades/ since decades ago. 70．这个国家最近出现了数十年来最严重的经济危机。(arise) 【答案】The worst financial crisis in the past decades has arisen from this country recently. 【详解】考查动词时态和固定搭配。根据所给中文句子，“最严重的经济危机”作主语，译为the worst financial crisis，“数十年来”用介词短语作时间状语，译为in the past decades，“出现了”根据题干要求，可用固定搭配：arise from意为“产生于”，根据“最近”可知，用现在完成时，“这个国家”作宾语，译为this country。故译为：The worst financial crisis in the past decades has arisen from this country recently. 71．导演非常感谢观众，因为他们提出了很多有用的建议，使电影更有趣。(grateful) 【答案】The director was very grateful to the audience because they had made many useful suggestions to make the film more entertaining. 【详解】考查短语和从句。本句可处理为主从复合句；主句：主语是“导演”director，此处为特指，用定冠词修饰；“对……感激”用短语be grateful to，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，be用was，宾语“观众”表达为the audience；从句：表示“因为”用because，该词引导原因状语从句，主语为they，“提出很多有用的建议”表达为make many useful suggestions，make作谓语，陈述过去某个时间点以前已经完成的动作，用过去完成时，“让电影更有趣”表达为make the film more interesting，此处用不定式作suggestions的后置定语。综上，故翻译为The director was very grateful to the audience because they had made many useful suggestions to make the film more entertaining. 72．徒步旅行者们突然想到, 他们忘记为这次长途旅行带足够的水了。（It suddenly hit sb. that...） 【答案】It suddenly hit the hikers that they had forgotten to bring enough water for the long journey. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词时态、名词及短语。题干给了句型“It suddenly hit sb. that......”，表示“某人突然想到……”，用了一般过去时。徒步旅行者们翻译为“ the hikers”。“他们忘记为这次长途旅行带足够的水了”翻译成that引导的主语从句，该时态发生在主句谓语hit之前，要用过去完成时（had+过去分词）。句中要用forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”（forget的过去分词是forgotten）。“为这次长途旅行”翻译为for the long journey。“带足够的水”翻译为 bring enough water。故填It suddenly hit the hikers that they had forgotten to bring enough water for the long journey. 73．他们刚出发徒步, 乌云就笼罩了天空。（Sb. had just done sth. when...） 【答案】They had just started hiking when dark clouds covered the sky. 【详解】考查过去完成时和一般过去时。“他们”翻译为they，“刚出发徒步”需要翻译为had just started hiking。其中had just done sth.是过去完成时，表示某个动作在过去某一时间之前已经完成，但强调该动作与随后发生的另一动作之间的紧密关系。其中start doing表示“开始做某事”，表示“出发徒步”用start hiking；“乌云就笼罩了天空”需要翻译为when dark clouds covered the sky。其中when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。dark clouds表示“乌云”，covered是动词“覆盖”的过去式，此处为谓语动词，the sky表示“天空”。句子符合固定句型Sb. had just done sth. when...，意为“某人刚刚做完某事，就在此时……”。故翻译为They had just started hiking when dark clouds covered the sky. 74．我渐渐意识到自己犯了个大错。（dawn on） 【答案】The thought dawned on me that I had made a big mistake. 【详解】考查短语、从句和时态。“某人意识到”表达为sth. dawn on sb.，“想法”表达为the thought，作主语，谓语dawn on用一般过去时，表示动作发生在过去，宾语是me；“我自己犯了个大错”是thought的具体内容，处理为同位语从句，从句主语是I，“犯了一个大错”表达为make a big mistake，make作谓语，该动作发生在“意识到”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时had done，从句成份和意义都完整，用连接词that引导。综上，故翻译为The thought dawned on me that I had made a big mistake. 75．村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。 (turn) 【答案】An old warehouse that had been out of use for a long time in the village was converted into a restaurant. 【详解】考查时态和固定短语和从句。先翻译句子主干，句子主语“一处旧仓库”An old warehouse，an位于句首首字母大写，“被改造成”be converted into，句子描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时，单数名词作主语be用was，“饭店”a restaurant，然后用that引导限制性定语从句表示“村子里弃用已久的”，that指代先行词An old warehouse，在从句中作主语，“不用”be out of use，该动作发生在“被改造”之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，“很久”for a long time，“村子里”in the village。故翻译为An old warehouse that had been out of use for a long time in the village was converted into a restaurant. 76．在道别时，他意识到它对他生命的深刻影响。 【答案】As he bid farewell, he realized how deeply it had touched his life. 【详解】考查状语从句和宾语从句。as引导时间状语从句，主语为he；表示“道别”短语为bid farewell；主句主语为he；表示“意识到”为动词realize，后跟宾语从句；表示“它对他生命的深刻影响”为宾语从句；表示“深刻影响”可用how deeply，主语为it；表示“对他的生命”可用touch his life，从句表示过去的过去用过去完成时，主句和状语从句用一般过去时。故翻译为As he bid farewell, he realized how deeply it had touched his life. 77．发现他们为我准备食物，我很感动。 【答案】I was touched to find that they had prepared food for me. 【详解】考查形容词、动词短语、宾语从句和时态。主语“我”用人称代词I；“很感动”处理为系表结构，讲述过去的事情系动词用was，作谓语，“感动”用形容词touched，作表语；“发现……”作原因状语，可处理为不定式结构作原因状语，即I was touched to find...；“他们为我准备食物”是宾语从句，主语“他们”用人称代词they，“为我准备食物”可用短语prepare sth. for sb.表示“为某人准备某物”，谓语“准备”这个动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时态had prepared，表示“过去的过去”，宾语“食物”用名词food，“我”用人称代词宾格me 。综上，全句译为：I was touched to find that they had prepared food for me. 78．我被他的所作所为深深打动了，泪水情不自禁地夺眶而出。 【答案】I was deeply moved by what he had done, tears rolling down without control. 【详解】考查时态、名词性从句以及独立主格结构。“被……深深打动”表达为be deeply moved by ...，“我被……深深打动了”陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，表达为I was deeply moved by...，“他的所作所为”可翻译为名词性从句作介词by的宾语，从句发生在主句之前，用过去完成时，表达为what he had done；“泪水”为名词tears，“情不自禁地夺眶而出”表达为roll down without control，tears与roll down之间为主动关系，“泪水情不自禁地夺眶而出”表达为独立主格结构tears rolling down without control，作状语，故此句翻译为I was deeply moved by what he had done, tears rolling down without control. 79．他极少看到这样的美景。 【答案】Seldom had he seen such beauty. 【详解】考查倒装用法、动词、名词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“极少”为副词Seldom，“seldom”是一个表示否定意义的副词，意思是“很少，极少”。当否定副词或含有否定意义的短语位于句首时，句子通常要部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。表示“看到”为动词see，此句陈述在过去某个时间之前的事情，用过去完成时，所以助动词had位于主语he之前，表示“这样的美景”应为名词短语such beauty作宾语。故翻译为：Seldom had he seen such beauty. 80．尽管他已经为这次考试做了充分的准备，但在考场上他仍然感到紧张，这严重影响了他的发挥。 . 【答案】Although he had made full preparations for the exam, he still felt nervous in the examination room, which seriously affected his performance. 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。表示“在考场上他仍然感到紧张”为主句，表示“感到”为feel，结合句意，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词为felt，表示“紧张”为nervous作表语，表示“在考场上”为in the examination room，所以主句译为he still felt nervous in the examination room；表示“尽管他已经为这次考试做了充分的准备”为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“为……做了充分的准备”为make full preparations for，从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前，所以从句中的谓语使用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为had made，表示“考试”为the exam，所以状语从句译为although he had made full preparations for the exam，句首单词首字母大写；表示“这严重影响了他的发挥”为定语从句，对上文的内容进行解释，所以使用非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句内容，在定语从句中作主语，所以使用which引导非限制性定语从句，表示“影响”为affect，与主句时态一致，应为一般过去时，所以谓语动词为affected，表示“严重”为seriously作状语修饰affected，表示“他的发挥”为his performance作宾语，所以定语从句译为which seriously affected his performance。故翻译为Although he had made full preparations for the exam, he still felt nervous in the examination room, which seriously affected his performance. 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04现在完成时+过去完成时 目录 考情分析与命题趋势.......................................................................................................1 知识体系构建...................................................................................................................1 考点精析与突破...............................................................................................................2 考点一：现在完成时（常考点）...................................................................................2 考点二：过去完成时（重点）.......................................................................................7 实战精练与提升...............................................................................................................11 一、考试要求 谓语动词的时态、语态是高考的必考项目。现在完成时和过去完成时就是其中较为重要的考点。这些时态所对应的被动语态的运用也要牢固掌握。要准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 现在完成时 5年4考 现在完成时与其被动语态 预测2026年在听力、语法填空和写作中考查 过去完成时 5年3考 过去完成时与其被动语态 预测2026年在听力、语法填空和写作中考查 现在完成时 核心概念：回顾过去，立足现在。动作发生在过去，但其影响或结果持续到现在。 构成：have/has + 过去分词 关键时间状语： 模糊过去类（不接具体过去时间）: already（已经）, just（刚刚）, yet（还/已经-用于疑问/否定）, before（以前） 至今类: ever（曾经）, never（从不） 近期类: recently（最近）, lately（近来） 次数类: once, twice, several times 时间段类（强调持续）: for + 一段时间, since + 过去时间点, so far（迄今为止）, up to now（直到现在）, in the last/past few years 过去完成时 核心概念：立足过去，回顾更早的过去。 构成：had + 过去分词 关键时间状语： by the end of last year/month... by the time + 一般过去时从句 when/before/after + 一般过去时从句（注意： after 从句因本身逻辑清晰，可用一般过去时代替过去完成时） for three years when... (当...的时候，已经持续了三年) 现在完成时考点精析与突破 考点一：时间状语信号 模糊过去 already, just, yet I have already finished my work. (肯定句) Have you seen the movie yet? (疑问句) He hasn't come yet. (否定句) 经历/从未 ever, never Have you ever been to London? I have never forgotten that day. 近期至今 recently, lately, so far, up to now So far, the team has achieved great success. 过去时间段 in the past/last few years, for, since Great changes have taken place in the past decade. 【突破重点】for 与 since 的陷阱 for + 时间段 (e.g., for two hours, for three days) since + 时间点 (e.g., since 1999, since last week, since he arrived) 必考句型: It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 例子 It is / has been five years since we graduated. 变式题1: — Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight? — I'd love to, but I ______ that movie already. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see 变式题2: So far, we ______ about twenty new words in this unit. A. learn B. learned C. are learning D. have learned 变式题3: It is the most interesting book I ______. A. ever read B. have ever read C. had ever read D. will ever read 考点二：延续性动词与瞬间动词 在现在完成时中，瞬间动词（表示不能持续的动作）不能与表示一段时间的 for/since 短语连用。 突破技巧：动词转换表 He has died for three years. (×) He has been dead for three years. (√) The film has begun for 10 minutes. (×) The film has been on for 10 minutes. (√) I have bought the book for a week. (×) I have had the book for a week. (√) She has left home for two days. (×) She has been away from home for two days. (√) 变式题1: His grandfather ______ for ten years. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. had died 变式题2: The famous writer ______ for over half a century. A. has married B. has been married C. married D. had married 变式题3: — When did you borrow this book? — I ______ it since last Monday. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. have kept D. kept 考点三：语境中暗含的“对现在的影响” 没有明显时间状语时，需根据上下文逻辑判断。 例子 — The window is broken. — I know. It has been like that for a week. (结果：窗户现在还是坏的) You look familiar. I think we have met before. (影响：我现在觉得你面熟) 变式题1: — Tom, can you help me with my homework? — Sorry, Mom. I ______ my hands full at the moment. I'm preparing for my own test. A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 变式题2: — Look at the ground! It's all wet. — Oh, it ______ last night. A. must rain B. must be raining C. must have rained D. had rained 变式题3: I'm not hungry. I ______ a big lunch. A. have just had B. had just had C. just have D. was just having 过去完成时考点精析与突破 考点一：时间状语与从句，定位“过去的过去” By/By the time ，by + 过去时间, by the time + 从句 例子 By 2010, he had learned 3,000 English words. By the time the firemen arrived, the fire had been put out. when, before, after + 过去时 When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun. He had worked there for 5 years before he was promoted. 突破重点after 与 before 的简化 after 从句：因逻辑清晰，从句可用过去完成时或一般过去时。 After he (had) finished his work, he went to bed. before 从句：主句动作发生在从句之前，主句常用过去完成时。 例子 The train had left before I reached the station. 变式题1: By the end of last year, she ______ in the company for five years. A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. would work 变式题2: When I woke up this morning, I found that my brother ______ all the milk. I had nothing to drink. A. drinks B. drank C. has drunk D. had drunk 变式题3: They ______ the project two days before the deadline. A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. would finish 考点二：宾语从句中的时态呼应 主句是过去时（said, told, knew, thought...），若从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句需用过去完成时。 例子 He told me that he had seen the movie. I knew I had made a mistake the moment I did it. 变式题1 He realized that he ______ his wallet at home. A. leaves B. left C. has left D. had left 变式题2 The teacher asked us what we ______ with the problem. A. do B. did C. have done D. had done 变式题3 She told me she ______ never ______ to Shanghai until then. A. had ... been B. has ... been C. was ... been D. is ... been 考点三：固定句型 Hardly/Scarcely...when... (一...就...) Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner...than... (刚...就...) No sooner had he lain down than he fell asleep. 【注意】 以上句型主句用过去完成时，且部分倒装（had提前）。 变式题1 ______ stepped out of the house than he heard someone calling his name. A. No sooner he had B. No sooner had he C. As soon as he had D. Hardly he had 变式题2 ______ arrived at the airport when it started to pour down. A. Scarcely I had B. Scarcely had I C. I scarcely had D. I had scarcely 变式题3 No sooner ______ the question than he knew the answer. A. he had asked B. had he asked C. he has asked D. has he asked 一、单句语法填空 1．I wrote to the hotel last week, but they (not answer) yet.   2．Mavis (live) in Shenzhen for almost 10 years. 3．Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs. 4．“China (develop) very fast in the last few years as the government has spent much money in encouraging innovation,” said a foreigner living in China.   5．It is the third time that she (come) to this mountain village to see the children. 6．Over the past decade, China (witness) a shift in consumer behavior marked by the rise of guochao, a trend emphasizing nationalistic branding. 7．Sanxingdui, which is located in Guanghan, Sichuan, has long been the site of archaeological finds. Researchers (excavate) sacrificial pits at the site since 2020, and (find) almost 13,000 archaeological items that date back to the Bronze Age. 8．According to AFI, some 3,000 artists (ask) the organization to help them leave Afghanistan or neighboring countries to which they (flee). 9．It is not the first time that his footwear (raise) eyebrows. 10．“How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I (live) by these words. 11．In the past few years, online learning (become) a significant part of the university and college experience. 12．Listening to loud music (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers by now. 13．A large number of restaurants and café (open) along the street since 2000. 14．Perhaps no other scientist (have) a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 15．The Boys and Girls Club which Jordan started in Chicago (help) young people since 1996. 16．Time (fade) the colors, but the parks are still vivid, just full of loneliness. 17．Chemical pesticides (杀虫剂) and artificial fertilisers (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. 18．He is a famous of pop music and more than 50 pieces of music since 2021.(compose) 19．This is my first time that I (invite) you to attend our program Talk and Talk. 20．Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds (prove) skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 21．Once a pair (determine) to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. 22．Tai Hang, a modern-looking neighborhood in Hong Kong, is home to the Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance, a folk art form that (perform) during the Mid-Autumn Festival for over 100 years. 23．It is said that since January, goods with dragon-themed elements, such as daily necessities, alcohol and gold jewelry, (prefer) by consumers. 24．In the past decades, efforts (make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. 25．There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity (give) financial support to roll it out countrywide. 26．I (motivate) — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. 27．The bus has (stick) in the mud, so we had to get off and walk to a village. 28．The reason why the lake smells terrible is that large quantities of water (pollute) in the last few years. 29．All possible means (use) to stop the river from being polluted. 30．A great deal (finish) so far, but there is still much to be done. 31．The young man insisted that he （hand）in the paper on time. 32．I called him up yesterday, but his wife told me that he (leave) for Wuhan three days before. 33．I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived. 34．They (watch) their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do. 35．They (be) in love with each other for about two years before they got married. 36．I (not expect) I’d be standing there that morning. 37．It was the first time that Chen Liyan (report) her story. 38．The Boeing 747 made its first flight in 1969, connecting international cities that (have) no direct routes and helping mass travel become commonplace. 39．Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they (sow). 40．It was by the end of the day that we (sell) over 2,000 tickets. 41．Japan (hatch) a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war the United States. 42．To address this problem, experts (increase) the database from 32,000 characters to 70,000 characters by the end of 2023, according to the government. 43．It was the fourth time she (shop) online for hours. 44．Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 45．The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people. 46．By the time I (finish) my homework, my family (cook) dinner already. 47．They (live) in China for two years before they (decide) to move to Canada. 48．I (intend) to call you, but was prevented from something unexpected. 49．It was the second time that month that Jim (annoy) his mother because of his rudeness. 50．It was the first time she (leave) her motherland. 51．By the end of November, 2022, videos recording or introducing this activity (play) 1.14 billion times, and related posts had attracted 11.58 million views on social media platforms, reported CCTV. 52．It was the first time that she (leave) alone at home. 53．In the chaos and (confuse) after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis (kill) in the attack. Luckily, he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived. 54．The chef said the menu (adjust) to suit local tastes. That’s why more customers were flooding into the restaurant. 55．Bill (hardly admit) to a foreign university when he decided to give up looking for a job. 56．If it (repair) earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down. 57．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. 58．It was the first time that this road (access) by humans. 59．When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it but learned that it (sell) to a collector. 60．Was it the second time that Tom (blame) for his bad behavior in class? 二、翻译 61．汤姆已决心不辜负父母的期望。 . 62．人类已经获得了探索宇宙的能力。（gain） 63．该公司已经安装了许多电脑供雇员使用。 64．小妹领养的小狗一到家就俘获了全家人的心。(Upon) 65．随着电子商务行业的快速崛起，越来越多的老年人习惯了在网上购物，而不是去实体店。(accustom) _______________________________________________________________________________ 66．这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute) 67．自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer) 68．令我们惊讶的是，他的作品在比赛中获得一等奖。 69．他已经几十年没见过如此壮美的日出了。(since) 70．这个国家最近出现了数十年来最严重的经济危机。(arise) 71．导演非常感谢观众，因为他们提出了很多有用的建议，使电影更有趣。(grateful) 72．徒步旅行者们突然想到, 他们忘记为这次长途旅行带足够的水了。（It suddenly hit sb. that...） 73．他们刚出发徒步, 乌云就笼罩了天空。（Sb. had just done sth. when...） 74．我渐渐意识到自己犯了个大错。（dawn on） 75．村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。 (turn) 76．在道别时，他意识到它对他生命的深刻影响。 77．发现他们为我准备食物，我很感动。 78．我被他的所作所为深深打动了，泪水情不自禁地夺眶而出。 79．他极少看到这样的美景。 80．尽管他已经为这次考试做了充分的准备，但在考场上他仍然感到紧张，这严重影响了他的发挥。 . 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $