句子类型（讲义）-2025-2026学年中考英语一轮复习

专题十四：句子类型 第一部分、五大基本句型 考点一：主谓句型 一、初中英语核心是5大基本句型，所有复杂句都由它们组合变形而来，核心是“谁（主语）+ 做什么/是什么（谓语+其他）”。 1.、主谓（S+V） 2、基本结构：主语（人/物）+ 不及物动词（vi.，后面不接宾语） 例句及解析：She laughed loudly. 主语是“She”（她），谓语“laughed”（笑）为不及物动词，“loudly”（大声地）是副词作状语，修饰谓语动作，核心仍为“谁做了什么”的主谓结构。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 2．What’s the sentence structure of “The old man walks in the park”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 3．The sentence structure of “They painted in the room yesterday afternoon.” is________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】A 4．The structure of the sentence “It rained heavily last night” is________ . A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V 【答案】C 5．Some birds are flying happily.本句的基本句型是 ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V 【答案】C 6．The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 7．I ________ forget that person. A．will never B．never will C．am never D．never do 【答案】A 考点二：主谓宾句型 1、  主谓宾（S+V+O） 2、基本结构：主语 + 及物动词（vt.，后面必须接宾语，说明“做什么”） 3、特点：谓语动词都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思， 必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，要注意的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词的宾格，如：me，him，them 等 例句：She likes music.（她喜欢音乐。）/ We play basketball.（我们打篮球。） 例句：My brother studies history. 说明：主语“My brother”（我哥哥），谓语“studies”（研究）是及物动词，必须接宾语“history”（历史）才能表达完整含义，回答“研究什么”的问题。 例句：They enjoy swimming. 说明：主语“They”（他们），谓语“enjoy”（喜欢）为及物动词，宾语“swimming”（游泳）是动名词形式，符合“动作发出者+动作+承受者”的结构特征。 【练习】 一、完成句子 1．quite,  is,  hers,  from,  My school,  different . 【答案】My school is quite different from hers 2．My sister’s hobby is planting flowers, too. (同义句转换) Planting flowers my sister’s hobby. 【答案】 is also 3．looks, he, and, basketball, well, strong, plays, very (.) 【答案】He looks strong and plays basketball very well./He plays basketball very well and looks strong. 4．is, bicycle, Yaming’s, black and white (.)  (连词成句) 【答案】Yaming’s bicycle is black and white. 5．keeping, us, rules, the, for, good, is (!) (连词成句） 【答案】Keeping the rules is good for us! 6．he, as, is, well, a, as, writer, singer, a   (连词成句) . 【答案】He is a writer as well as a singer/He is a singer as well as a writer 考点三：主系表句型 1、  主系表（S+V+P） 2、基本结构：主语 + 系动词（不表动作，表“是/变得”）+ 表语（说明主语性质/状态） 3、此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。 常见系动词：be（是）、look（看起来）、get（变得）、feel（感觉） 例句：The music sounds very sweet. 说明：主语“The music”（音乐），系动词“sounds”（听起来）不表具体动作，仅连接主语与表语“very sweet”（非常甜美），表语用于说明主语的特征。 例句：I feel sleepy today. 说明：主语“I”（我），系动词“feel”（感觉），表语“sleepy”（困倦的）补充说明主语的状态，构成“主语+状态描述”的核心逻辑。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following sentences has the structure (结构) of “S+V+O” (主谓宾) ? A．Hangzhou is a beautiful city. B．We like playing football. C．The courses start at the end of July. D．The little girl is dancing happily. 【答案】B 2．Clark ________ thin, and he ________ black hair. A．is; has B．has; is C．is; is D．has; has 【答案】A 3．What is the correct structure for a sentence describing a hobby in English? A．Subject + Verb + Object + Hobby. B．Hobby + Subject + Verb + Object. C．Subject + Hobby + Verb + Object. D．Subject + Verb + Hobby + Object. 【答案】A 4．Which of the following sentences has the structure (结构) of “S+V+O” (主谓宾)? A．Hangzhou is a beautiful city. B．The class begins. C．Hangzhou held the 19th Asian Games. 【答案】C 二、其他 5．He made a delicious cake.(写出句子结构) 【答案】S+V+O 6．We can talk about and share everything. (写出句子结构) 【答案】主+谓+宾 7．I can get the meaning by listening for just the key words. (写出正确的句子结构) 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+方式状语 8．I bought smart gifts for my parents. (写出句子结构) . 【答案】主语（Subject） + 谓语（Verb） + 宾语（Object） + 状语（Adverbial） 考点四：主谓双宾句型 1、主谓双宾（S+V+IO+DO） 2、基本结构：主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人，“给谁”）+ 直接宾语（物，“给什么”） 3、特点：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give 给，pass 递，bring 带，show 显示。这两个宾语 通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个植物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 例句：Our teacher tells us stories. 说明：主语“Our teacher”（我们的老师），谓语“tells”（讲），间接宾语“us”（我们，指人，回答“给谁讲”），直接宾语“stories”（故事，指物，回答“讲什么”），符合“给予/传递”类动作的双重对象结构。 例句：Dad bought me a bike. 说明：主语“Dad”（爸爸），谓语“bought”（买），间接宾语“me”（我），直接宾语“a bike”（一辆自行车），可转换为“Dad bought a bike for me”，体现双宾语的位置转换规律。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He gave Betty a nice present”. A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 2．Which of the following sentences follows the structure of “S（主）+V（谓）+IO（间宾）+DO（直宾）”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．Tommy does some reading every day. C．I found him very interesting. D．Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat. 【答案】D 3．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr. Fan taught us English.”? A．We all laughed happily. B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday. C．His face turned red quickly. D．He gave the boy a lot of advice. 【答案】D 4．I’ve already taught him some English. A．直接宾语 B．间接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 【答案】B 5．The sentence structure of “The students all showed us their creative models.” is “________”. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+C D．S+V+O+O 【答案】D 二、完成句子 6．taught, us, he, Chinese, a, at, college (.) . 【答案】He taught us Chinese at a college 7．big, gives, smile, grandpa, a, me (. ) 【答案】Grandpa gives me a big smile. 8．to, special gift, his mother, her birthday, gave, a, he, on (连词成句) . 【答案】He gave a special gift to his mother on her birthday 9．gives, it, us, the whole, morning, energy, for . 【答案】It gives us energy for the whole morning 10．life, bring, to, hobbies, joy, my (连词成句) . 【答案】Hobbies bring joy to my life 考点五：主谓宾补句型 1、主谓宾补（S+V+O+C） 2、基本结构：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（补充说明宾语“怎么样/是什么”，缺一不可） 例句：We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间干净。）（clean补充说明“房间”的状态） 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系， 它们一起构成复合宾语。 例句：They made her happy. 说明：主语“They”（他们），谓语“made”（使），宾语“her”（她），宾补“happy”（开心的）补充说明宾语的状态，且宾语与宾补可构成逻辑上的主谓关系（“她开心”）。 例句：I found the book interesting. 说明：主语“I”（我），谓语“found”（发现），宾语“the book”（这本书），宾补“interesting”（有趣的）用于说明宾语的特征，去掉宾补后句子意思不完整。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．The sentence structure of “I often hear him read books in the morning.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+C D．S+V+O+O 【答案】C 2．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively.” is ________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】C 3．Which of the following is the same as “I saw him playing the piano.” in sentence pattern? A．We call her Mr Zhang. B．I gave him a new pencil. C．He likes English very much. D．They were at home yesterday. 【答案】A 4．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 5．The structure of the sentence “She saw her mother cooking the meal” is __________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 二、完成句子 6．made, me, the, sad, music . 【答案】The music made me sad 7．makes  much  communication  easier  the Internet (.) 【答案】The Internet makes communication much easier. 8．happy  me  helps  stay  and  sport  healthy . 【答案】Sport helps me stay happy and healthy./Sport helps me stay healthy and happy. 9．my teacher, the project, called, Green Action Plan . 【答案】My teacher called the project Green Action Plan 三、其他 10．Their classmates call them two peas in a pod. 主语（S）： 动词（V）： 宾语（O）： 宾补（OC）： 【答案】 Their classmates call them two peas in a pod 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题十四：句子类型 第一部分、五大基本句型 考点一：主谓句型 一、初中英语核心是5大基本句型，所有复杂句都由它们组合变形而来，核心是“谁（主语）+ 做什么/是什么（谓语+其他）”。 1.、主谓（S+V） 2、基本结构：主语（人/物）+ 不及物动词（vi.，后面不接宾语） 例句及解析：She laughed loudly. 主语是“She”（她），谓语“laughed”（笑）为不及物动词，“loudly”（大声地）是副词作状语，修饰谓语动作，核心仍为“谁做了什么”的主谓结构。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 2．What’s the sentence structure of “The old man walks in the park”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 3．The sentence structure of “They painted in the room yesterday afternoon.” is________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 4．The structure of the sentence “It rained heavily last night” is________ . A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V 5．Some birds are flying happily.本句的基本句型是 ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V 6．The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 7．I ________ forget that person. A．will never B．never will C．am never D．never do 考点二：主谓宾句型 1、  主谓宾（S+V+O） 2、基本结构：主语 + 及物动词（vt.，后面必须接宾语，说明“做什么”） 3、特点：谓语动词都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思， 必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，要注意的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词的宾格，如：me，him，them 等 例句：She likes music.（她喜欢音乐。）/ We play basketball.（我们打篮球。） 例句：My brother studies history. 说明：主语“My brother”（我哥哥），谓语“studies”（研究）是及物动词，必须接宾语“history”（历史）才能表达完整含义，回答“研究什么”的问题。 例句：They enjoy swimming. 说明：主语“They”（他们），谓语“enjoy”（喜欢）为及物动词，宾语“swimming”（游泳）是动名词形式，符合“动作发出者+动作+承受者”的结构特征。 【练习】 一、完成句子 1．quite,  is,  hers,  from,  My school,  different . 2．My sister’s hobby is planting flowers, too. (同义句转换) Planting flowers my sister’s hobby. 3．looks, he, and, basketball, well, strong, plays, very (.) 4．is, bicycle, Yaming’s, black and white (.)  (连词成句) 5．keeping, us, rules, the, for, good, is (!) (连词成句） 6．he, as, is, well, a, as, writer, singer, a   (连词成句) . 考点三：主系表句型 1、  主系表（S+V+P） 2、基本结构：主语 + 系动词（不表动作，表“是/变得”）+ 表语（说明主语性质/状态） 3、此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。 常见系动词：be（是）、look（看起来）、get（变得）、feel（感觉） 例句：The music sounds very sweet. 说明：主语“The music”（音乐），系动词“sounds”（听起来）不表具体动作，仅连接主语与表语“very sweet”（非常甜美），表语用于说明主语的特征。 例句：I feel sleepy today. 说明：主语“I”（我），系动词“feel”（感觉），表语“sleepy”（困倦的）补充说明主语的状态，构成“主语+状态描述”的核心逻辑。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following sentences has the structure (结构) of “S+V+O” (主谓宾) ? A．Hangzhou is a beautiful city. B．We like playing football. C．The courses start at the end of July. D．The little girl is dancing happily. 2．Clark ________ thin, and he ________ black hair. A．is; has B．has; is C．is; is D．has; has 3．What is the correct structure for a sentence describing a hobby in English? A．Subject + Verb + Object + Hobby. B．Hobby + Subject + Verb + Object. C．Subject + Hobby + Verb + Object. D．Subject + Verb + Hobby + Object. 4．Which of the following sentences has the structure (结构) of “S+V+O” (主谓宾)? A．Hangzhou is a beautiful city. B．The class begins. C．Hangzhou held the 19th Asian Games. 二、其他 5．He made a delicious cake.(写出句子结构) 6．We can talk about and share everything. (写出句子结构) 7．I can get the meaning by listening for just the key words. (写出正确的句子结构) 8．I bought smart gifts for my parents. (写出句子结构) . 考点四：主谓双宾句型 1、主谓双宾（S+V+IO+DO） 2、基本结构：主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人，“给谁”）+ 直接宾语（物，“给什么”） 3、特点：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give 给，pass 递，bring 带，show 显示。这两个宾语 通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个植物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 例句：Our teacher tells us stories. 说明：主语“Our teacher”（我们的老师），谓语“tells”（讲），间接宾语“us”（我们，指人，回答“给谁讲”），直接宾语“stories”（故事，指物，回答“讲什么”），符合“给予/传递”类动作的双重对象结构。 例句：Dad bought me a bike. 说明：主语“Dad”（爸爸），谓语“bought”（买），间接宾语“me”（我），直接宾语“a bike”（一辆自行车），可转换为“Dad bought a bike for me”，体现双宾语的位置转换规律。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He gave Betty a nice present”. A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 2．Which of the following sentences follows the structure of “S（主）+V（谓）+IO（间宾）+DO（直宾）”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．Tommy does some reading every day. C．I found him very interesting. D．Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat. 3．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr. Fan taught us English.”? A．We all laughed happily. B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday. C．His face turned red quickly. D．He gave the boy a lot of advice. 4．I’ve already taught him some English. A．直接宾语 B．间接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 5．The sentence structure of “The students all showed us their creative models.” is “________”. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+C D．S+V+O+O 二、完成句子 6．taught, us, he, Chinese, a, at, college (.) . 7．big, gives, smile, grandpa, a, me (. ) 8．to, special gift, his mother, her birthday, gave, a, he, on (连词成句) . 9．gives, it, us, the whole, morning, energy, for . 10．life, bring, to, hobbies, joy, my (连词成句) . 考点五：主谓宾补句型 1、主谓宾补（S+V+O+C） 2、基本结构：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（补充说明宾语“怎么样/是什么”，缺一不可） 例句：We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间干净。）（clean补充说明“房间”的状态） 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系， 它们一起构成复合宾语。 例句：They made her happy. 说明：主语“They”（他们），谓语“made”（使），宾语“her”（她），宾补“happy”（开心的）补充说明宾语的状态，且宾语与宾补可构成逻辑上的主谓关系（“她开心”）。 例句：I found the book interesting. 说明：主语“I”（我），谓语“found”（发现），宾语“the book”（这本书），宾补“interesting”（有趣的）用于说明宾语的特征，去掉宾补后句子意思不完整。 【练习】 一、单项选择 1．The sentence structure of “I often hear him read books in the morning.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+C D．S+V+O+O 2．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively.” is ________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 3．Which of the following is the same as “I saw him playing the piano.” in sentence pattern? A．We call her Mr Zhang. B．I gave him a new pencil. C．He likes English very much. D．They were at home yesterday. 4．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 5．The structure of the sentence “She saw her mother cooking the meal” is __________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC 二、完成句子 6．made, me, the, sad, music . 7．makes  much  communication  easier  the Internet (.) 8．happy  me  helps  stay  and  sport  healthy . 9．my teacher, the project, called, Green Action Plan . 三、其他 10．Their classmates call them two peas in a pod. 主语（S）： 动词（V）： 宾语（O）： 宾补（OC）： 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $