主谓一致（讲义）-2025-2026学年中考英语一轮复习

专题十一：主谓一致 第一部分、语法一致 考点：语法一致的原则和用法 1、语法一致原则：主语是单数形式，谓语也要采用单数，主语是复数，谓语也要采用复数形式。 例句：Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。 A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期内造成大量损害。 2、语法一致的用法： （1）主语是不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句的时候，谓语动词用单数. 例句：Water is important for our life.水对我们的生活很重要。 Playing football is my hobby. 踢足球是我最的爱好 To finish homework takes me an hour. 完成家庭作业花了我一个小时的时间。 What he said is true. 我说的是真的 （2）由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一人或物的时候（后边一名词无冠词），谓语动词用单数。若指两个人或物（后一个名词有冠词），谓语动词用复数。 例句：The singer and dancer is coming. 这个歌手兼舞蹈家要来了。 The teacher the writer are coming.这个老师和这个作家要来了。 （3）由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用主语要用单数名词。 例句：Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.这个班级里的每个男孩和女孩都很努力。 （4）由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Nothing is difficult if you try.只要肯尝试，没什么困难的事情。 （5） each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候，谓语动词用单数。 例句：one apple is red，the other one is green.一个苹果是红的，另一个是绿的。 （6）both, few, a few, several, many以及others修饰主语或自身作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数. 例句：Many friends were invited to the party. 很多朋友被邀请参加聚会 Both books are sold out. 书卖完了 （7）all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词，谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词，就用复数动词. 例句：Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果大部分是坏的。 Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果大部分是坏的。 None of this money is yours. 没有一分钱是你的 None of the people here are teachers. 这里没有一个人是老师 （8）一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales等，作主语时谓语用复数。 例句：The trousers are mine. 这条裤子是我的。 （9）a series of，a kind of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例句：This kind of men is dangerous. 这种人很危险。 注意：如果是多种，谓语动词要用复数。There are many kinds of apples. 有很多种苹果。 （10）分数或百分数作主语谓语动词用单数 half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定 例句：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。 Two thirds students in the class are boy. 班上三分之二的学生是男孩。 （11）a number of表“许多”，主语是后面的复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of表“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数（记：the number是“数量”，单数；a number是“许多”，复数）。 例句：A number of students are playing on the playground.（许多学生在操场玩。） The number of students in our class is 50.（我们班学生的数量是50。） 【基础练习】 一、单词拼写 1．Tim along with his good friends (be) planning to have a picnic this weekend. 2．The number of the dog parks in our country (have) increased by 40 percent in the past 5 years. 3．Everyone except Tom and John (have) seen the film. 4．The boy without parents (be) taken good care of by his teachers in this special school. 二、单项选择 5．My father and I often ________ TV at home. A．watch B．watches C．watching D．to watch 6．In our class ________ of the students ________ girls. A．three fourths, is B．third fourth, are C．three fourths, are 7．—Look! A pair of socks ________ under the chair. —Yes, my brown trousers ________ under it too. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; are D．are; is 8．—This pair of shoes ________ nice. Can I try ________ on? —OK, here you are. A．look; it B．looks; it C．look; them D．looks; them 9．I am reading a newspaper. It says the number of pandas in our country ________ now. A．is getting fewer and fewer B．is getting smaller and smaller C．is getting less and less D．are getting smaller and smaller 10．The problems we pay attention to ________ something to do with exhaust (尾气) from cars and buses. A．having B．have C．has 11．About 70% of the Earth’s surface ________ covered by water, but only a small part of it ________ drinkable. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 12．—Drink more milk, Michael. ________ of the milk ________ still left in the bottle. —I’m full now, Mom. A．Two thirds; are B．Two third; is C．Two thirds; is 13．Everyone _______ here now. Let’s _______ our meeting. A．are; begin B．are; to begin C．is; to start D．is; start 14．________ Earth ________ Venus are rocky planets, but Venus’ surface temperature is much higher than Earth’s. A．Not only...but also... B．Neither...nor... C．Either...or... D．Both...and... 15．This pair of shoes ________ suit me. Could you give me another ________. A．doesn’t; one B．doesn’t; pair C．don’t; one D．don’t; pair 第二部分、意义一致 考点：意义一致的原则和用法 1、意义一致原则：意义一致也叫内容一致，有时候谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念内容，而不是其形式。 例句：This news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要。 Paris is among the largest cities in the would. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。 Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。 2、意义一致的用法： （1）形复意单的名词如news，以ics结尾的学科如physics，economics，书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的如The united states等名词作主语是，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Physics is my favorite subject.（物理是我最喜欢的学科。） The news about his win is really exciting. 关于他获胜的消息太令人兴奋了。 （2）形单意复的词people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)，family（家庭）等作主语，谓语动词用复数. 例句：The people are preparing for the meeting . 这些人正在准备会议。 （3）“the+形容词“ 指一类人谓语动词用复数形式。指单一的人或抽象概念谓语动词用单数。 例句：The poor need more help from society.（穷人需要社会更多的帮助。） The old are taken good care of here.（这里的老人被照顾得很好。） （4）单复同形集体名词，如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词。这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等. 例句：His family are all singers. 他的家人都是歌手 The team is strong. 这个团队很强大。 （5）若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”视为一个整体的概念，谓语动词用单数. 例句：Two hours is enough for the exam. 这个考试两个小时的时间够了。 Five dollars is not much for this book. 对于这本书5美元不是很多。 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much. A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t 2．Politics ________ not an easy subject for me. A．are B．is C．does 3．Two hours ________ enough. A．is B．am C．are D．too 4．—This year is special for us Chinese. —More than 70 years ________ since China was set up. A．has past B．have passed C．has passed 5．Some people ________ from England. A．be B．am C．is D．are 6．My family usually ________ at 6:30 in the morning ________ weekdays. A．get up, on B．gets up, on C．get up, in D．gets up, in 7．The blind ________ many ways to get help in this area and they ________ used to living in the new place. A．have; become B．has; become C．has; became 8．Two-thirds of the pensioners ________ the reporter that they can do most of the housework by themselves and the rest ________ to be done by their children. A．tells; has B．tell; has C．says; have D．say; have 9．There ______ a lot of fish in the pond. A．is B．are C．have D．has 10．Many foreign ________ like Beijing Opera (京剧). They want to learn it. A．man B．student C．people 11．Look, the sheep ________ grass. They’re so cute. A．is eating B．are eating C．eat 第三部分、就近原则 考点：就近原则的核心和用法 1、 就近原则：指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。 2、 由 there be 句型，or，either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also 连接的两个以上主语时，动词和最近的主语一致。 例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。 Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.学生们和老师都不知道答案。 Not only the dog but also the cats are hungry.不仅狗饿了，猫也饿了。 【基础练习】单项选择 1．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much. A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t 2．Politics ________ not an easy subject for me. A．are B．is C．does 3．Two hours ________ enough. A．is B．am C．are D．too 4．—This year is special for us Chinese. —More than 70 years ________ since China was set up. A．has past B．have passed C．has passed 5．Some people ________ from England. A．be B．am C．is D．are 6．My family usually ________ at 6:30 in the morning ________ weekdays. A．get up, on B．gets up, on C．get up, in D．gets up, in 7．The blind ________ many ways to get help in this area and they ________ used to living in the new place. A．have; become B．has; become C．has; became 8．Two-thirds of the pensioners ________ the reporter that they can do most of the housework by themselves and the rest ________ to be done by their children. A．tells; has B．tell; has C．says; have D．say; have 9．There ______ a lot of fish in the pond. A．is B．are C．have D．has 10．Many foreign ________ like Beijing Opera (京剧). They want to learn it. A．man B．student C．people 11．Look, the sheep ________ grass. They’re so cute. A．is eating B．are eating C．eat 第四部分、就远原则 考点：就远原则的核心和用法 1、就远原则-主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数；主语是负数，谓语动词则用复数 例句：My father with my uncles wants to go to China. 我父亲和我的叔叔们想去中国。 He as well as you is very honest. 他和你非常诚实。 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．The boy with his sisters often ________ their toys. He wants to know how they ________. A．takes apart; work B．takes apart; works C．take apart; works D．take apart; work 2．A boy with his parents ________ walking along the river. How happy they are! A．is B．am C．are 3．—What will you do with the waste paper? —The waste paper as well as the used books ________ to the recycling company. A．is going to send B．are going to send C．is going to be sent 4．Jenny as well as her classmates ________ interested in drawing pictures. A．is B．are C．have D．has 5．Nobody except Simon and John ________ the museum before. Only they can be our guides. A．have been to B．have gone to C．has been to D．has gone to 6．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 7．Everyone, including the old people, ________ playing mobile phones in his or her free time now. A．enjoys B．are enjoying C．enjoy 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题十一：主谓一致 第一部分、语法一致 考点：语法一致的原则和用法 1、语法一致原则：主语是单数形式，谓语也要采用单数，主语是复数，谓语也要采用复数形式。 例句：Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。 A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期内造成大量损害。 2、语法一致的用法： （1）主语是不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句的时候，谓语动词用单数. 例句：Water is important for our life.水对我们的生活很重要。 Playing football is my hobby. 踢足球是我最的爱好 To finish homework takes me an hour. 完成家庭作业花了我一个小时的时间。 What he said is true. 我说的是真的 （2）由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一人或物的时候（后边一名词无冠词），谓语动词用单数。若指两个人或物（后一个名词有冠词），谓语动词用复数。 例句：The singer and dancer is coming. 这个歌手兼舞蹈家要来了。 The teacher the writer are coming.这个老师和这个作家要来了。 （3）由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用主语要用单数名词。 例句：Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.这个班级里的每个男孩和女孩都很努力。 （4）由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Nothing is difficult if you try.只要肯尝试，没什么困难的事情。 （5） each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候，谓语动词用单数。 例句：one apple is red，the other one is green.一个苹果是红的，另一个是绿的。 （6）both, few, a few, several, many以及others修饰主语或自身作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数. 例句：Many friends were invited to the party. 很多朋友被邀请参加聚会 Both books are sold out. 书卖完了 （7）all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词，谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词，就用复数动词. 例句：Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果大部分是坏的。 Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果大部分是坏的。 None of this money is yours. 没有一分钱是你的 None of the people here are teachers. 这里没有一个人是老师 （8）一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等，作主语时谓语用复数。 例句：The trousers are mine. 这条裤子是我的。 （9）a series of，a kind of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例句：This kind of men is dangerous. 这种人很危险。 注意：如果是多种，谓语动词要用复数。There are many kinds of apples. 有很多种苹果。 （10）分数或百分数作主语谓语动词用单数 half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定 例句：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。 Two thirds students in the class are boy. 班上三分之二的学生是男孩。 （11）a number of表“许多”，主语是后面的复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of表“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数（记：the number是“数量”，单数；a number是“许多”，复数）。 例句：A number of students are playing on the playground.（许多学生在操场玩。） The number of students in our class is 50.（我们班学生的数量是50。） 【基础练习】 一、单词拼写 1．Tim along with his good friends (be) planning to have a picnic this weekend. 【答案】is 2．The number of the dog parks in our country (have) increased by 40 percent in the past 5 years. 【答案】has 3．Everyone except Tom and John (have) seen the film. 【答案】has 4．The boy without parents (be) taken good care of by his teachers in this special school. 【答案】is 二、单项选择 5．My father and I often ________ TV at home. A．watch B．watches C．watching D．to watch 【答案】A 6．In our class ________ of the students ________ girls. A．three fourths, is B．third fourth, are C．three fourths, are 【答案】C 7．—Look! A pair of socks ________ under the chair. —Yes, my brown trousers ________ under it too. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; are D．are; is 【答案】B 8．—This pair of shoes ________ nice. Can I try ________ on? —OK, here you are. A．look; it B．looks; it C．look; them D．looks; them 【答案】D 9．I am reading a newspaper. It says the number of pandas in our country ________ now. A．is getting fewer and fewer B．is getting smaller and smaller C．is getting less and less D．are getting smaller and smaller 【答案】B 10．The problems we pay attention to ________ something to do with exhaust (尾气) from cars and buses. A．having B．have C．has 【答案】B 11．About 70% of the Earth’s surface ________ covered by water, but only a small part of it ________ drinkable. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】A 12．—Drink more milk, Michael. ________ of the milk ________ still left in the bottle. —I’m full now, Mom. A．Two thirds; are B．Two third; is C．Two thirds; is 【答案】C 13．Everyone _______ here now. Let’s _______ our meeting. A．are; begin B．are; to begin C．is; to start D．is; start 【答案】D 14．________ Earth ________ Venus are rocky planets, but Venus’ surface temperature is much higher than Earth’s. A．Not only...but also... B．Neither...nor... C．Either...or... D．Both...and... 【答案】D 15．This pair of shoes ________ suit me. Could you give me another ________. A．doesn’t; one B．doesn’t; pair C．don’t; one D．don’t; pair 【答案】A 第二部分、意义一致 考点：意义一致的原则和用法 1、意义一致原则：意义一致也叫内容一致，有时候谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念内容，而不是其形式。 例句：This news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要。 Paris is among the largest cities in the would. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。 Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。 2、意义一致的用法： （1）形复意单的名词如news，以ics结尾的学科如physics，economics，书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的如The united states等名词作主语是，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Physics is my favorite subject.（物理是我最喜欢的学科。） The news about his win is really exciting. 关于他获胜的消息太令人兴奋了。 （2）形单意复的词people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)，family（家庭）等作主语，谓语动词用复数. 例句：The people are preparing for the meeting . 这些人正在准备会议。 （3）“the+形容词“ 指一类人谓语动词用复数形式。指单一的人或抽象概念谓语动词用单数。 例句：The poor need more help from society.（穷人需要社会更多的帮助。） The old are taken good care of here.（这里的老人被照顾得很好。） （4）单复同形集体名词，如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词。这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等. 例句：His family are all singers. 他的家人都是歌手 The team is strong. 这个团队很强大。 （5）若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”视为一个整体的概念，谓语动词用单数. 例句：Two hours is enough for the exam. 这个考试两个小时的时间够了。 Five dollars is not much for this book. 对于这本书5美元不是很多。 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much. A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t 【答案】D 2．Politics ________ not an easy subject for me. A．are B．is C．does 【答案】B 3．Two hours ________ enough. A．is B．am C．are D．too 【答案】A 4．—This year is special for us Chinese. —More than 70 years ________ since China was set up. A．has past B．have passed C．has passed 【答案】C 5．Some people ________ from England. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】D 6．My family usually ________ at 6:30 in the morning ________ weekdays. A．get up, on B．gets up, on C．get up, in D．gets up, in 【答案】A 7．The blind ________ many ways to get help in this area and they ________ used to living in the new place. A．have; become B．has; become C．has; became 【答案】A 8．Two-thirds of the pensioners ________ the reporter that they can do most of the housework by themselves and the rest ________ to be done by their children. A．tells; has B．tell; has C．says; have D．say; have 【答案】B 9．There ______ a lot of fish in the pond. A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 10．Many foreign ________ like Beijing Opera (京剧). They want to learn it. A．man B．student C．people 【答案】C 11．Look, the sheep ________ grass. They’re so cute. A．is eating B．are eating C．eat 【答案】B 第三部分、就近原则 考点：就近原则的核心和用法 1、 就近原则：指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。 2、 由 there be 句型，or，either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also 连接的两个以上主语时，动词和最近的主语一致。 例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。 Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.学生们和老师都不知道答案。 Not only the dog but also the cats are hungry.不仅狗饿了，猫也饿了。 【基础练习】单项选择 1．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much. A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t 【答案】D 2．Politics ________ not an easy subject for me. A．are B．is C．does 【答案】B 3．Two hours ________ enough. A．is B．am C．are D．too 【答案】A 4．—This year is special for us Chinese. —More than 70 years ________ since China was set up. A．has past B．have passed C．has passed 【答案】C 5．Some people ________ from England. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】D 6．My family usually ________ at 6:30 in the morning ________ weekdays. A．get up, on B．gets up, on C．get up, in D．gets up, in 【答案】A 7．The blind ________ many ways to get help in this area and they ________ used to living in the new place. A．have; become B．has; become C．has; became 【答案】A 8．Two-thirds of the pensioners ________ the reporter that they can do most of the housework by themselves and the rest ________ to be done by their children. A．tells; has B．tell; has C．says; have D．say; have 【答案】B 9．There ______ a lot of fish in the pond. A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 10．Many foreign ________ like Beijing Opera (京剧). They want to learn it. A．man B．student C．people 【答案】C 11．Look, the sheep ________ grass. They’re so cute. A．is eating B．are eating C．eat 【答案】B 第四部分、就远原则 考点：就远原则的核心和用法 1、就远原则-主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数；主语是负数，谓语动词则用复数 例句：My father with my uncles wants to go to China. 我父亲和我的叔叔们想去中国。 He as well as you is very honest. 他和你非常诚实。 【基础练习】一、单项选择 1．The boy with his sisters often ________ their toys. He wants to know how they ________. A．takes apart; work B．takes apart; works C．take apart; works D．take apart; work 【答案】A 2．A boy with his parents ________ walking along the river. How happy they are! A．is B．am C．are 【答案】A 3．—What will you do with the waste paper? —The waste paper as well as the used books ________ to the recycling company. A．is going to send B．are going to send C．is going to be sent 【答案】C 4．Jenny as well as her classmates ________ interested in drawing pictures. A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】A 5．Nobody except Simon and John ________ the museum before. Only they can be our guides. A．have been to B．have gone to C．has been to D．has gone to 【答案】C 6．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 【答案】A 7．Everyone, including the old people, ________ playing mobile phones in his or her free time now. A．enjoys B．are enjoying C．enjoy 【答案】A 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $