句子的种类（讲义）-2025-2026学年中考英语一轮复习

专题十二：句子的种类 第一部分、陈述句 考点：陈述句的含义和用法 1、陈述句的含义：用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法的句子，有肯定形式和否定形式。 分类 用法 例句 肯定形式 主语+谓语动词+其他 We are students. Lucy is reading a book. 否定形式 1.谓语动词如果是 to be、助动词、情态动词时，在它们的后面加 not We are not hungry. 我们不饿 Father is not reading the newspaper. 父亲不是在读报纸 He does not have a sister. 他没有姐妹 He will not give you any help. 他将不会给你任何帮助 You must not go there alone. 你一定不要单独去那里 2.如果谓语动词是其他实义动词时，须在它的前面加 don't/doesn't I do not know how to do. 我不知道怎么做 He doesn't go there to see her often. 他不经常去那里看她 We did not bargain for all this trouble. 我们没料到会有这个麻烦事 We didn't have enough wheelbarrows to go round. 我们的手推车不够用 3.如果 have 作“有”讲，也可以在它后面加 not 构成否定式 I have not a violin. 我没有小提琴 You have not got a bike, have you? 你没有自行车，是吗？ 4.句子中如果有 all、both、very much、well 等词时，用 not 一般构成部分否定；如果要表示完全否定，则通常使用 none、neither、not...at all 等 All of the toys were broken. 所有玩具都坏了 None of the toys were broken. 所有玩具都没坏 5.句中含有 little、few、too、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom 等词时，则视为否定句 Few houses remained after the earth quake. 地震之后没剩下几栋房子 A constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人讨厌 Words can hardly describe how excited we were. 我们激动的心情难以用言语来形容 He is scarcely the right person for the job. 他根本不适合这工作 【基础练习】 一、完成句子 1．Tina and her friends set up a camp in the park. (改为否定句) Tina and her friends up a camp in the park. 2．know, does, playing, anything, not, he, chess, about (.) 3．Class 1, is, in, My brother, Grade 8, . 4．big, from, very, He, a, is, city . 5．My sister, five years old, is . 6．seventy-two years old, is, My grandpa . 7．My friend Wayne wanted to eat something healthy when he was hungry. (改为否定句) My friend Wayne want to eat healthy when he was hungry. 8．Li Lin has already done the cleaning. (否定句) Li Lin done the cleaning . 9．thank-you, wrote, I, my teacher, card, a (连词成句) 第二部分、疑问句 考点一：一般疑问句 1、 一般疑问句：用来询问事物或某种情况属实的疑问句，可以用yes或no来回答。 2、一般疑问句的分类和用法 分类 结构 例句 1. 含系动词（be: am/is/are/was/were） Be动词 + 主语 + 其他？ Is she a student?（Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.） 否定：Be动词 + not + 主语...（缩写：isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t） Isn’t she a student?（难道她不是学生吗？）/ Weren’t they at home? 2. 含情态动词（can/may/must/should等） 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Can you swim?（Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.） 否定：情态动词 + not + 主语...（缩写：can’t/mustn’t/doesn’t等） Can’t you swim?（你难道不会游泳吗？）/ Won’t he come? 3.含实义动词（do/play/eat等） 结构：助动词（Do/Does/Did） + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 一般现在时：主语单三用Does，其他人称用Do（Does he like apples? / Do they play soccer?） 一般过去时：统一用Did，动词回原形（Did she watch TV? 不用watched） Does he like apples? / Do they play soccer?） Did she watch TV? 否定：助动词（Do/Does/Did）+ not + 主语...（缩写：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t） Doesn’t he like apples?（他难道不喜欢苹果吗？）/ Didn’t she go? 【随堂练习】 一、单项选择 1．—________ you and Tom free this afternoon? —No, we ________. A．Do; don’t B．Are; don’t C．Are; aren’t D．Do; aren’t 2．—Does your brother ________ the violin very well? —Yes. He ________ the violin after school every day. A．play; plays B．plays; plays C．plays; play D．play; play 二、完成句子 3．Ella’s cat is on the bed.(改为一般疑问句) cat on the bed? 4．Danny had a delicious meal with his friends by the river. (改为一般疑问句) Danny a delicious meal with his friends by the river? 5．He has to sort his things into those boxes first. (改为一般疑问句) he to sort his things into those boxes first? 6．Tom shut the door quietly as soon as he heard his mother’s footsteps. (改为一般疑问句) Tom the door quietly as soon as he heard his mother’s footsteps? 7．Is this a sheep?（做肯定回答） Yes, . 8．The nurse does all the housework in my home every day. (改为一般疑问句) the nurse all the housework in your home every day? 考点二：特殊疑问句 1、 特殊疑问句：以由意义的疑问词开头的问句叫特殊疑问句，基本结构为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。 2、 特殊疑问句的基本结构： （1）特殊疑问词 + be动词（am/is/are/was/were） + 主语 + ...？ 例句：Where is the park?（公园在哪？） （2）特殊疑问词 + 助动词（do/does/did） + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...？ 例句：What does he like?（他喜欢什么？） （3）特殊疑问词（作主语） + 谓语动词 + ...？ 例句：Who sang this song?（谁唱了这首歌？） 3、 常见的特殊疑问词的用法： 疑问词 提问内容 常见句型 例句 What 事物、职业、动作 1. What + be + 主语？2. What + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原？ 1. What is this?（这是什么？） 2. What does she do?（她是做什么的？） Who 人（主格） 1. Who + be + 表语？2. Who + 谓语 + 其他？ 1. Who is your teacher?（谁是你老师？）2. Who helped you?（谁帮了你？） Whom 人（宾格） Whom + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原 + 其他？ Whom did you meet yesterday?（你昨天见了谁？） Where 地点 1. Where + be + 主语？2. Where + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原？ 1. Where is your home?（你家在哪？）2. Where do they work?（他们在哪工作？） When 时间 1. When + be + 主语？2. When + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原？ 1. When is the party?（派对在何时？）2. When did you get up?（你几点起的？） Why 原因 Why + be/do/does/did + 主语 + ...？（回答用Because） Why are you sad?（你为什么难过？）Because I lost my book. How 方式、程度 How + be/do/does/did + 主语 + ...？ How do you study English?（你怎么学英语？） How old 年龄 How old + be + 主语？ How old is your brother?（你弟弟多大？） How many 可数名词数量 How many + 复数名词 + do/does + 主语 + 动原？ How many books do you have?（你有多少本书？） How much 不可数名词数量/价格 How much + 不可数名词 + do/does + 主语 + 动原？2. How much + be + 主语？ 1. How much water do you need?（你需要多少水？） 2. 2. How much is this pen?（这支笔多少钱？） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．_______ do you spend doing your homework every day? A．How often B．How much C．How long D．What time 2．—________ do you visit your grandparents? —Only once every two weeks. They live far away. A．How long B．When C．Where D．How often 3．Why not ______ the robotics club? It’s so much fun. A．joining B．to join C．join D．join in 4．—________ boys are there in the English club? —There’re 21 boys. A．How much B．What C．How many D．When 二、完成句子 5．My name is Jenny Brown. (对划线部分提问) name? 6．My brothers love to go swimming at weekends.（对划线部分提问） your brothers love to do at weekends? 7．He has fifteen cows on his farm. (对划线部分提问) cows does he have on his farm? 8．She decided to drive an electric car to go green.（对划线部分提问） she decide to drive an electric car? 考点三：反义疑问句的用法分类。 1、反义疑问句概念：在一个陈述句后加一个简短的问句，问句的时态，动词及主语要和前面的陈述句保持一致，并且主语必须用人称代词。 2、反义疑问句的核心特征： （1）前肯后否：陈述句是肯定句，简短问句用否定形式（be动词/助动词/情态动词+not）。 例句：He is a student, isn't he?（他是学生，不是吗？） （2）前否后肯：陈述句含否定词（never/seldom/no/nothing等），简短问句用肯定形式。 例句：She never late, does she?（她从不迟到，是吗？） 3、反义疑问句的常见结构： 类别 核心规则 句式结构 经典例句 含be动词 问句用对应be动词肯/否定 陈述句（be+...）+ be(not) + 主语？ 1. It was rainy, wasn't it?（之前下雨了，不是吗？）2. These aren't apples, are they?（这些不是苹果，是吗？） 含实义动词 借助do/does/did肯/否定 陈述句（动原/三单/过去式）+ do/does/did(not) + 主语？ 1. You play basketball, don't you?（你打篮球，不是吗？）2. He didn't watch TV, did he?（他没看电视，是吗？） 含情态动词 问句用情态动词肯/否定 陈述句（情态动词+动原）+ 情态动词(not) + 主语？ 1. She must go, mustn't she?（她必须走，不是吗？）2. They may not come, may they?（他们可能不来，是吗？） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．Lisa can hardly understand the math problem the teacher explains, ________? And her deskmate often lends her math notes to help her, ________? A．can she; doesn’t he B．can’t she; does he C．can she; does he D．can’t she; doesn’t he 2．My parents have lived in this small town since they got married, ________? And they don’t have any plans to move to a big city, ________? A．haven’t they; do they B．don’t they; have they C．haven’t they; don’t they D．don’t they; haven’t they 3．The new student from Canada is good at playing ice hockey, ________? And he joins the school sports club every Friday afternoon, ________? A．isn’t he; doesn’t he B．is he; does he C．isn’t he; does he D．is he; doesn’t he 4．Tom lives in America. He’s never been to Beijing, ________. A．is he B．isn’t he C．has he D．hasn’t he 二、完成句子 5．Let’s go and help the old man to cross the road.  (改为反意疑问句) Let’s go and help the old man to cross the road, ? 6．It was impossible for him to finish the work alone in such a short time. (改为反义疑问句) It was impossible for him to finish the work alone in such a short time, ? 7．你去杭州出差，是吗? You are going to Hangzhou , ? 考点四：选择疑问句的定义和分类。 1、选择疑问句：提问者会给回答者提供两种及以上的答案，并让回答者选择一个进行回答的问句。结构为“一般疑问句+or+选项”或“特殊疑问句+or+选项”，回答需选其一，不能用Yes/No。 2、两大基本类型 （1）一般疑问句式选择疑问句（先一般疑问，后接选项）。结构：一般疑问句 + or + 选项A (+ or 选项B)？ 例句：Do you like apples or bananas?（你喜欢苹果还是香蕉？） 例句：Is she a teacher or a doctor?（她是老师还是医生？） （2）特殊疑问句式选择疑问句（先特殊疑问，后接选项）。结构：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 + or + 选项A (+ or 选项B)？ 例句：Where do you live, in Beijing or in Shanghai?（你住在哪，北京还是上海？） 例句：When will you go, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow?（你什么时候去，明天还是后天？） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．What ________ you ________ to drink, juice or milk? A．does; like B．are; liking C．would; like D．will; like 2．—Is he a doctor ________ a teacher?   —________. A．or; Yes, he is a doctor B．and; Yes, he is C．or; He is a doctor D．and; He is 3．—Which day shall we choose to hold the concert, Sunday or Monday? —________. We won’t have classes this weekend. A．Monday B．Yes C．Sunday D．No 二、完成句子 4．Mike has straight hair. (用curly改为选择疑问句) Does Mike straight hair curly hair? 5．Do you have a favourite poem? Do you have a favourite song? (改为选择疑问句) Do you have a favourite ? 6．His birthday is in March. (用April改为选择疑问句) Is his birthday in March April? 7．Joe can sing. (用dance改为选择疑问句) Joe sing dance? 第三部分、祈使句 考点：祈使句的定义和用法。 1. 祈使句定义：表示命令，请求，建议或劝告的句子。 2、祈使句的基本类型 （1）肯定祈使句：直接用“动词原形+其他”，表“做某事”。 例句：Open the window.（打开窗户）/ Study hard.（努力学习。） （2）否定祈使句：在动词原形前加 Don't，表“不要做某事”。 例句：Don't run in the hall.（别在走廊跑。）/ Don't be late.（别迟到。） （3）Let型祈使句：以 Let 开头，表“让某人做某事”，结构为“Let + 宾语 + 动词原形”。 例句：Let's go.（让我们走吧。）/ Let him help you.（让他帮你。） （4）委婉表达：在句首加Please（可前可后，后加逗号），表礼貌请求。 例句：Please sit down. / Sit down, please.（请坐。） （5）加强语气：用 Do开头（后接动词原形），表“务必、一定做某事”。 例句：Do listen to the teacher.（一定要听老师的话。） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．— Henry, ________ your books here and there. — Oh, sorry, Dad! I’ll put them in my bookcase now. A．leave B．don’t leave C．doesn’t leave 2．Let’s _________ and help him. A．goes B．to go C．going D．go 3．It’s windy outside. Put on your coat, ________ you may catch a cold. A．and B．but C．so D．or 二、单词拼写 4．Oh, dear, (not be) so impolite. After all, you two are friends. 5．Don’t (忘记) to pack your schoolbag when you go to school. 6． (not chat) with the boy who is learning French by himself now, will you? 7．Sam, (not leave) the water running. 第四部分、倒装句 考点倒装句的定义用法。 1、倒装句的定义：英语句子中的主语通常在谓语动词前，，如果主语在后，谓语动词在前的语序就叫倒装语序。 2、倒装句的用法: 分类 规则 结构 例句 完全倒装 1. 地点/方位词开头（here/there/out等）2. 主语是名词时倒装，代词不倒装 1. 方位词/地点短语 + 动词 + 名词主语2. 方位词 + 代词主语 + 动词（不倒装） 1. Here comes the bus.（公交车来了。）2. Out ran the dog.（狗跑出去了。）3. There he stands.（他就站在那儿。）（代词主语，不倒装） 部分倒装-否定词开头 否定词（never/seldom/little等）置于句首，强调“极少/从不” 否定词 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 实义动词 1. Never have I been to Beijing.（我从没去过北京。） 2. Seldom does she watch TV.（她很少看电视。） 3. Little did he know about it.（他对此知之甚少。） 部分倒装-so/neither/nor 表“前者情况也适用于后者”so（肯定）；neither/nor（否定） 1. So + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语（肯定）2. Neither/Nor + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语（否定） 1. He is happy, so am I.（他开心，我也开心。） 2. She can dance, so can he.（她会跳舞，他也会。） 3. Tom didn't go, neither did Mary.（汤姆没去，玛丽也没去。） 特殊倒装-There be句型 表“某地有某物”，完全倒装的固定结构 There + be（is/are/was/were） + 主语 1. There is a tree in front of the house.（房子前有一棵树。）2. There are some flowers on the desk.（桌子上有一些花。） 部分倒装-only+状语 “only+时间/方式状语”（only then/in this way等）开头 Only + 状语 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词 1. Only then did I understand it.（直到那时我才明白。） 2. Only in this way can you succeed.（只有这样你才能成功。） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．—I have never been to Beijing. —________ have I. I hope we can visit it together someday. A．Neither B．Either C．So D．Both 2．—We have to stop talking here outside. Listen! ________! —Hurry up, or we’ll be late. A．There goes the bell B．There does the bell go C．There the bell goes D．Goes the bell there 3．— I can’t see Jake. —________. Shall we move a bit to make some ________ for him? A．Here he comes; spaces B．Here comes he; spaces C．Here he comes; space D．Here comes he; space 4．Between the two benches in the park often ________ a yellow dog. A．lie B．is lying C．lies D．are lying 5．—Look! In this area of the city ________ many tall buildings. —Yes. I think it’s the CBD of the city. A．have B．has C．are D．is 6．—I’m not going hiking this weekend. —__________. I have to clean up my room. A．So do I B．So am I C．Neither am I 7．—I enjoy traditional Chinese paper-cutting a lot. —________. I think it’s so interesting. A．So have I B．So do I C．So enjoy I 8．—I wasn’t afraid of dogs. —________ we. A．Neither did B．So were C．Nor are D．Nor were 第五部分、感叹句 考点：感叹句的定义和分类。 1、 感叹句的定义：是一种用来表达强烈情感的句式。主要由what和how引导。 2、 感叹句的分类和用法： 分类 修饰对象 结构 例句 What 可数名词单数 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. What a cute cat (it is)!（多可爱的一只猫啊！）2. What an old tree (this is)!（多老的一棵树啊！） 可数名词复数 What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. What beautiful flowers (they are)!（多美的花啊！） 2. What clever students (they are)!（多聪明的学生啊！） 不可数名词 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. What sweet milk (it is)!（多甜的牛奶啊！） 2. What heavy rain (it is)!（多大的雨啊！） How 形容词 How + 形容词 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. How happy (she is)!（她多开心啊！） 2. 2. How small (the box is)!（这个盒子多小啊！） 副词 How + 副词 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. How slowly (he walks)!（他走得多慢啊！） 2. How well (she draws)!（她画得多好啊！） （省略式） How + 形容词/副词！（省略主语+谓语） 1. How nice!（多好啊！） 2. How fast!（多快啊！） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．—I have never been to Beijing. —________ have I. I hope we can visit it together someday. A．Neither B．Either C．So D．Both 2．—We have to stop talking here outside. Listen! ________! —Hurry up, or we’ll be late. A．There goes the bell B．There does the bell go C．There the bell goes D．Goes the bell there 3．— I can’t see Jake. —________. Shall we move a bit to make some ________ for him? A．Here he comes; spaces B．Here comes he; spaces C．Here he comes; space D．Here comes he; space 4．Between the two benches in the park often ________ a yellow dog. A．lie B．is lying C．lies D．are lying 5．—Look! In this area of the city ________ many tall buildings. —Yes. I think it’s the CBD of the city. A．have B．has C．are D．is 6．—I’m not going hiking this weekend. —__________. I have to clean up my room. A．So do I B．So am I C．Neither am I 7．—I enjoy traditional Chinese paper-cutting a lot. —________. I think it’s so interesting. A．So have I B．So do I C．So enjoy I 8．—I wasn’t afraid of dogs. —________ we. A．Neither did B．So were C．Nor are D．Nor were 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题十二：句子的种类 第一部分、陈述句 考点：陈述句的含义和用法 1、陈述句的含义：用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法的句子，有肯定形式和否定形式。 分类 用法 例句 肯定形式 主语+谓语动词+其他 We are students. Lucy is reading a book. 否定形式 1.谓语动词如果是 to be、助动词、情态动词时，在它们的后面加 not We are not hungry. 我们不饿 Father is not reading the newspaper. 父亲不是在读报纸 He does not have a sister. 他没有姐妹 He will not give you any help. 他将不会给你任何帮助 You must not go there alone. 你一定不要单独去那里 2.如果谓语动词是其他实义动词时，须在它的前面加 don't/doesn't I do not know how to do. 我不知道怎么做 He doesn't go there to see her often. 他不经常去那里看她 We did not bargain for all this trouble. 我们没料到会有这个麻烦事 We didn't have enough wheelbarrows to go round. 我们的手推车不够用 3.如果 have 作“有”讲，也可以在它后面加 not 构成否定式 I have not a violin. 我没有小提琴 You have not got a bike, have you? 你没有自行车，是吗？ 4.句子中如果有 all、both、very much、well 等词时，用 not 一般构成部分否定；如果要表示完全否定，则通常使用 none、neither、not...at all 等 All of the toys were broken. 所有玩具都坏了 None of the toys were broken. 所有玩具都没坏 5.句中含有 little、few、too、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom 等词时，则视为否定句 Few houses remained after the earth quake. 地震之后没剩下几栋房子 A constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人讨厌 Words can hardly describe how excited we were. 我们激动的心情难以用言语来形容 He is scarcely the right person for the job. 他根本不适合这工作 【基础练习】 一、完成句子 1．Tina and her friends set up a camp in the park. (改为否定句) Tina and her friends up a camp in the park. 【答案】 didn’t set 2．know, does, playing, anything, not, he, chess, about (.) 【答案】He does not know anything about playing chess. 3．Class 1, is, in, My brother, Grade 8, . 【答案】My brother is in Class 1, Grade 8. 4．big, from, very, He, a, is, city . 【答案】He is from a very big city. 5．My sister, five years old, is . 【答案】My sister is five years old 6．seventy-two years old, is, My grandpa . 【答案】My grandpa is seventy-two years old 7．My friend Wayne wanted to eat something healthy when he was hungry. (改为否定句) My friend Wayne want to eat healthy when he was hungry. 【答案】 didn’t anything 8．Li Lin has already done the cleaning. (否定句) Li Lin done the cleaning . 【答案】 hasn’t yet 9．thank-you, wrote, I, my teacher, card, a (连词成句) 【答案】I wrote a thank-you card to my teacher. 第二部分、疑问句 考点一：一般疑问句 1、 一般疑问句：用来询问事物或某种情况属实的疑问句，可以用yes或no来回答。 2、一般疑问句的分类和用法 分类 结构 例句 1. 含系动词（be: am/is/are/was/were） Be动词 + 主语 + 其他？ Is she a student?（Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.） 否定：Be动词 + not + 主语...（缩写：isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t） Isn’t she a student?（难道她不是学生吗？）/ Weren’t they at home? 2. 含情态动词（can/may/must/should等） 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Can you swim?（Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.） 否定：情态动词 + not + 主语...（缩写：can’t/mustn’t/doesn’t等） Can’t you swim?（你难道不会游泳吗？）/ Won’t he come? 3.含实义动词（do/play/eat等） 结构：助动词（Do/Does/Did） + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 一般现在时：主语单三用Does，其他人称用Do（Does he like apples? / Do they play soccer?） 一般过去时：统一用Did，动词回原形（Did she watch TV? 不用watched） Does he like apples? / Do they play soccer?） Did she watch TV? 否定：助动词（Do/Does/Did）+ not + 主语...（缩写：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t） Doesn’t he like apples?（他难道不喜欢苹果吗？）/ Didn’t she go? 【随堂练习】 一、单项选择 1．—________ you and Tom free this afternoon? —No, we ________. A．Do; don’t B．Are; don’t C．Are; aren’t D．Do; aren’t 【答案】C 2．—Does your brother ________ the violin very well? —Yes. He ________ the violin after school every day. A．play; plays B．plays; plays C．plays; play D．play; play 【答案】A 二、完成句子 3．Ella’s cat is on the bed.(改为一般疑问句) cat on the bed? 【答案】 Is Ella’s 4．Danny had a delicious meal with his friends by the river. (改为一般疑问句) Danny a delicious meal with his friends by the river? 【答案】 Did have 5．He has to sort his things into those boxes first. (改为一般疑问句) he to sort his things into those boxes first? 【答案】 Does have 6．Tom shut the door quietly as soon as he heard his mother’s footsteps. (改为一般疑问句) Tom the door quietly as soon as he heard his mother’s footsteps? 【答案】 Did shut 7．Is this a sheep?（做肯定回答） Yes, . 【答案】 it is 8．The nurse does all the housework in my home every day. (改为一般疑问句) the nurse all the housework in your home every day? 【答案】 Does do 考点二：特殊疑问句 1、 特殊疑问句：以由意义的疑问词开头的问句叫特殊疑问句，基本结构为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。 2、 特殊疑问句的基本结构： （1）特殊疑问词 + be动词（am/is/are/was/were） + 主语 + ...？ 例句：Where is the park?（公园在哪？） （2）特殊疑问词 + 助动词（do/does/did） + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...？ 例句：What does he like?（他喜欢什么？） （3）特殊疑问词（作主语） + 谓语动词 + ...？ 例句：Who sang this song?（谁唱了这首歌？） 3、 常见的特殊疑问词的用法： 疑问词 提问内容 常见句型 例句 What 事物、职业、动作 1. What + be + 主语？2. What + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原？ 1. What is this?（这是什么？） 2. What does she do?（她是做什么的？） Who 人（主格） 1. Who + be + 表语？2. Who + 谓语 + 其他？ 1. Who is your teacher?（谁是你老师？）2. Who helped you?（谁帮了你？） Whom 人（宾格） Whom + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原 + 其他？ Whom did you meet yesterday?（你昨天见了谁？） Where 地点 1. Where + be + 主语？2. Where + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原？ 1. Where is your home?（你家在哪？）2. Where do they work?（他们在哪工作？） When 时间 1. When + be + 主语？2. When + do/does/did + 主语 + 动原？ 1. When is the party?（派对在何时？）2. When did you get up?（你几点起的？） Why 原因 Why + be/do/does/did + 主语 + ...？（回答用Because） Why are you sad?（你为什么难过？）Because I lost my book. How 方式、程度 How + be/do/does/did + 主语 + ...？ How do you study English?（你怎么学英语？） How old 年龄 How old + be + 主语？ How old is your brother?（你弟弟多大？） How many 可数名词数量 How many + 复数名词 + do/does + 主语 + 动原？ How many books do you have?（你有多少本书？） How much 不可数名词数量/价格 How much + 不可数名词 + do/does + 主语 + 动原？2. How much + be + 主语？ 1. How much water do you need?（你需要多少水？） 2. 2. How much is this pen?（这支笔多少钱？） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．_______ do you spend doing your homework every day? A．How often B．How much C．How long D．What time 【答案】C 2．—________ do you visit your grandparents? —Only once every two weeks. They live far away. A．How long B．When C．Where D．How often 【答案】D 3．Why not ______ the robotics club? It’s so much fun. A．joining B．to join C．join D．join in 【答案】C 4．—________ boys are there in the English club? —There’re 21 boys. A．How much B．What C．How many D．When 【答案】C 二、完成句子 5．My name is Jenny Brown. (对划线部分提问) name? 【答案】 What’s your 6．My brothers love to go swimming at weekends.（对划线部分提问） your brothers love to do at weekends? 【答案】 What do 7．He has fifteen cows on his farm. (对划线部分提问) cows does he have on his farm? 【答案】 How many 8．She decided to drive an electric car to go green.（对划线部分提问） she decide to drive an electric car? 【答案】 Why did 考点三：反义疑问句的用法分类。 1、反义疑问句概念：在一个陈述句后加一个简短的问句，问句的时态，动词及主语要和前面的陈述句保持一致，并且主语必须用人称代词。 2、反义疑问句的核心特征： （1）前肯后否：陈述句是肯定句，简短问句用否定形式（be动词/助动词/情态动词+not）。 例句：He is a student, isn't he?（他是学生，不是吗？） （2）前否后肯：陈述句含否定词（never/seldom/no/nothing等），简短问句用肯定形式。 例句：She never late, does she?（她从不迟到，是吗？） 3、反义疑问句的常见结构： 类别 核心规则 句式结构 经典例句 含be动词 问句用对应be动词肯/否定 陈述句（be+...）+ be(not) + 主语？ 1. It was rainy, wasn't it?（之前下雨了，不是吗？）2. These aren't apples, are they?（这些不是苹果，是吗？） 含实义动词 借助do/does/did肯/否定 陈述句（动原/三单/过去式）+ do/does/did(not) + 主语？ 1. You play basketball, don't you?（你打篮球，不是吗？）2. He didn't watch TV, did he?（他没看电视，是吗？） 含情态动词 问句用情态动词肯/否定 陈述句（情态动词+动原）+ 情态动词(not) + 主语？ 1. She must go, mustn't she?（她必须走，不是吗？）2. They may not come, may they?（他们可能不来，是吗？） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．Lisa can hardly understand the math problem the teacher explains, ________? And her deskmate often lends her math notes to help her, ________? A．can she; doesn’t he B．can’t she; does he C．can she; does he D．can’t she; doesn’t he 【答案】A 2．My parents have lived in this small town since they got married, ________? And they don’t have any plans to move to a big city, ________? A．haven’t they; do they B．don’t they; have they C．haven’t they; don’t they D．don’t they; haven’t they 【答案】A 3．The new student from Canada is good at playing ice hockey, ________? And he joins the school sports club every Friday afternoon, ________? A．isn’t he; doesn’t he B．is he; does he C．isn’t he; does he D．is he; doesn’t he 【答案】A 4．Tom lives in America. He’s never been to Beijing, ________. A．is he B．isn’t he C．has he D．hasn’t he 【答案】C 二、完成句子 5．Let’s go and help the old man to cross the road.  (改为反意疑问句) Let’s go and help the old man to cross the road, ? 【答案】 shall we 6．It was impossible for him to finish the work alone in such a short time. (改为反义疑问句) It was impossible for him to finish the work alone in such a short time, ? 【答案】 wasn’t it 7．你去杭州出差，是吗? You are going to Hangzhou , ? 【答案】 on business aren’t you 考点四：选择疑问句的定义和分类。 1、选择疑问句：提问者会给回答者提供两种及以上的答案，并让回答者选择一个进行回答的问句。结构为“一般疑问句+or+选项”或“特殊疑问句+or+选项”，回答需选其一，不能用Yes/No。 2、两大基本类型 （1）一般疑问句式选择疑问句（先一般疑问，后接选项）。结构：一般疑问句 + or + 选项A (+ or 选项B)？ 例句：Do you like apples or bananas?（你喜欢苹果还是香蕉？） 例句：Is she a teacher or a doctor?（她是老师还是医生？） （2）特殊疑问句式选择疑问句（先特殊疑问，后接选项）。结构：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 + or + 选项A (+ or 选项B)？ 例句：Where do you live, in Beijing or in Shanghai?（你住在哪，北京还是上海？） 例句：When will you go, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow?（你什么时候去，明天还是后天？） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．What ________ you ________ to drink, juice or milk? A．does; like B．are; liking C．would; like D．will; like 【答案】C 2．—Is he a doctor ________ a teacher?   —________. A．or; Yes, he is a doctor B．and; Yes, he is C．or; He is a doctor D．and; He is 【答案】C 3．—Which day shall we choose to hold the concert, Sunday or Monday? —________. We won’t have classes this weekend. A．Monday B．Yes C．Sunday D．No 【答案】C 二、完成句子 4．Mike has straight hair. (用curly改为选择疑问句) Does Mike straight hair curly hair? 【答案】 have or 5．Do you have a favourite poem? Do you have a favourite song? (改为选择疑问句) Do you have a favourite ? 【答案】 poem or song 6．His birthday is in March. (用April改为选择疑问句) Is his birthday in March April? 【答案】or 7．Joe can sing. (用dance改为选择疑问句) Joe sing dance? 【答案】 Can or 第三部分、祈使句 考点：祈使句的定义和用法。 1. 祈使句定义：表示命令，请求，建议或劝告的句子。 2、祈使句的基本类型 （1）肯定祈使句：直接用“动词原形+其他”，表“做某事”。 例句：Open the window.（打开窗户）/ Study hard.（努力学习。） （2）否定祈使句：在动词原形前加 Don't，表“不要做某事”。 例句：Don't run in the hall.（别在走廊跑。）/ Don't be late.（别迟到。） （3）Let型祈使句：以 Let 开头，表“让某人做某事”，结构为“Let + 宾语 + 动词原形”。 例句：Let's go.（让我们走吧。）/ Let him help you.（让他帮你。） （4）委婉表达：在句首加Please（可前可后，后加逗号），表礼貌请求。 例句：Please sit down. / Sit down, please.（请坐。） （5）加强语气：用 Do开头（后接动词原形），表“务必、一定做某事”。 例句：Do listen to the teacher.（一定要听老师的话。） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．— Henry, ________ your books here and there. — Oh, sorry, Dad! I’ll put them in my bookcase now. A．leave B．don’t leave C．doesn’t leave 【答案】B 2．Let’s _________ and help him. A．goes B．to go C．going D．go 【答案】D 3．It’s windy outside. Put on your coat, ________ you may catch a cold. A．and B．but C．so D．or 【答案】D 二、单词拼写 4．Oh, dear, (not be) so impolite. After all, you two are friends. 【答案】don’t be 5．Don’t (忘记) to pack your schoolbag when you go to school. 【答案】forget 6． (not chat) with the boy who is learning French by himself now, will you? 【答案】Don’t chat 7．Sam, (not leave) the water running. 【答案】don’t leave 第四部分、倒装句 考点倒装句的定义用法。 1、倒装句的定义：英语句子中的主语通常在谓语动词前，，如果主语在后，谓语动词在前的语序就叫倒装语序。 2、倒装句的用法: 分类 规则 结构 例句 完全倒装 1. 地点/方位词开头（here/there/out等）2. 主语是名词时倒装，代词不倒装 1. 方位词/地点短语 + 动词 + 名词主语2. 方位词 + 代词主语 + 动词（不倒装） 1. Here comes the bus.（公交车来了。）2. Out ran the dog.（狗跑出去了。）3. There he stands.（他就站在那儿。）（代词主语，不倒装） 部分倒装-否定词开头 否定词（never/seldom/little等）置于句首，强调“极少/从不” 否定词 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 实义动词 1. Never have I been to Beijing.（我从没去过北京。） 2. Seldom does she watch TV.（她很少看电视。） 3. Little did he know about it.（他对此知之甚少。） 部分倒装-so/neither/nor 表“前者情况也适用于后者”so（肯定）；neither/nor（否定） 1. So + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语（肯定）2. Neither/Nor + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语（否定） 1. He is happy, so am I.（他开心，我也开心。） 2. She can dance, so can he.（她会跳舞，他也会。） 3. Tom didn't go, neither did Mary.（汤姆没去，玛丽也没去。） 特殊倒装-There be句型 表“某地有某物”，完全倒装的固定结构 There + be（is/are/was/were） + 主语 1. There is a tree in front of the house.（房子前有一棵树。）2. There are some flowers on the desk.（桌子上有一些花。） 部分倒装-only+状语 “only+时间/方式状语”（only then/in this way等）开头 Only + 状语 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词 1. Only then did I understand it.（直到那时我才明白。） 2. Only in this way can you succeed.（只有这样你才能成功。） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．—I have never been to Beijing. —________ have I. I hope we can visit it together someday. A．Neither B．Either C．So D．Both 【答案】A 2．—We have to stop talking here outside. Listen! ________! —Hurry up, or we’ll be late. A．There goes the bell B．There does the bell go C．There the bell goes D．Goes the bell there 【答案】A 3．— I can’t see Jake. —________. Shall we move a bit to make some ________ for him? A．Here he comes; spaces B．Here comes he; spaces C．Here he comes; space D．Here comes he; space 【答案】C 4．Between the two benches in the park often ________ a yellow dog. A．lie B．is lying C．lies D．are lying 【答案】C 5．—Look! In this area of the city ________ many tall buildings. —Yes. I think it’s the CBD of the city. A．have B．has C．are D．is 【答案】C 6．—I’m not going hiking this weekend. —__________. I have to clean up my room. A．So do I B．So am I C．Neither am I 【答案】C 7．—I enjoy traditional Chinese paper-cutting a lot. —________. I think it’s so interesting. A．So have I B．So do I C．So enjoy I 【答案】B 8．—I wasn’t afraid of dogs. —________ we. A．Neither did B．So were C．Nor are D．Nor were 【答案】D 第五部分、感叹句 考点：感叹句的定义和分类。 1、 感叹句的定义：是一种用来表达强烈情感的句式。主要由what和how引导。 2、 感叹句的分类和用法： 分类 修饰对象 结构 例句 What 可数名词单数 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. What a cute cat (it is)!（多可爱的一只猫啊！）2. What an old tree (this is)!（多老的一棵树啊！） 可数名词复数 What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. What beautiful flowers (they are)!（多美的花啊！） 2. What clever students (they are)!（多聪明的学生啊！） 不可数名词 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. What sweet milk (it is)!（多甜的牛奶啊！） 2. What heavy rain (it is)!（多大的雨啊！） How 形容词 How + 形容词 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. How happy (she is)!（她多开心啊！） 2. 2. How small (the box is)!（这个盒子多小啊！） 副词 How + 副词 + (主语+谓语)！ 1. How slowly (he walks)!（他走得多慢啊！） 2. How well (she draws)!（她画得多好啊！） （省略式） How + 形容词/副词！（省略主语+谓语） 1. How nice!（多好啊！） 2. How fast!（多快啊！） 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．—I have never been to Beijing. —________ have I. I hope we can visit it together someday. A．Neither B．Either C．So D．Both 【答案】A 2．—We have to stop talking here outside. Listen! ________! —Hurry up, or we’ll be late. A．There goes the bell B．There does the bell go C．There the bell goes D．Goes the bell there 【答案】A 3．— I can’t see Jake. —________. Shall we move a bit to make some ________ for him? A．Here he comes; spaces B．Here comes he; spaces C．Here he comes; space D．Here comes he; space 【答案】C 4．Between the two benches in the park often ________ a yellow dog. A．lie B．is lying C．lies D．are lying 【答案】C 5．—Look! In this area of the city ________ many tall buildings. —Yes. I think it’s the CBD of the city. A．have B．has C．are D．is 【答案】C 6．—I’m not going hiking this weekend. —__________. I have to clean up my room. A．So do I B．So am I C．Neither am I 【答案】C 7．—I enjoy traditional Chinese paper-cutting a lot. —________. I think it’s so interesting. A．So have I B．So do I C．So enjoy I 【答案】B 8．—I wasn’t afraid of dogs. —________ we. A．Neither did B．So were C．Nor are D．Nor were 【答案】D 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $