内容正文:
七年级英语复习案
课题三:阅读理解解题指导 使用时间:_____月______日
学习目标:
1.能够运用恰当的阅读及完型填空解题技巧(如定位关键信息、理解上下文逻辑关系、进行简单的词义辨析等),提高答题的精确度,能较准确地完成阅读选择题及完型填空的空格填写。
2.能够在理解文章大意的基础上,逐步提升阅读和完型填空的答题速度,在规定时间内(可根据实际情况设定)能更快速地理解文章大意并完成相应题目,初步培养在有限时间内有效处理信息的能力。
前置预习
利用早读课,迅速完成本卷中的语篇。
合作探究
Activity 1 : Review
Activity 2 : New Knowledge Guide
阅读单选技巧
(一)直接理解题
这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多,例如:
1)Which of the following statements is true / false?2)Which of the following is(not)mentioned?
3)How many / How much / Where / How / What……?4)What does the writer think about?
5)Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节,就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。查阅是读者在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的,它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案,往往与略读综合使用,具体方法与步骤如下:
(1)略读材料,了解原文大意,掌握其中心意思或主旨。
(2)按文章的体裁、作者写作的组织模式及有关信息词,如for example,first,second……预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
(3)将自己的精力放在寻找所需要的细节上,快速通篇阅读,眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形扫视,待找到含有相关细节的句子时,就要放慢速度,仔细核对,比较内容,直至找到答案。
(二)语义理解题
在阅读中,我们经常会遇到一些生词,需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。此类问题考查学生紧扣原文,根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。常见的题型有:直接对生词进行解释;对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义作出准确判断;对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释;对文中一些代词的指代对象作出界定等。这种题型常见的设题方式如下:
1)The underlined word(phrase)in the passage means______.2)The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____.4)What does the underlined word“…”refer to______.5)By … the writer means______.
在做此类题时,考生应紧扣原文,根据上下文语境进行判断,切不要望文生义或断章取义,也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。猜测词义的常见方法有:
1)根据构词法猜测词义;2)根据上下文猜测词义;3)根据定义或解释猜测词义;
4)根据同义词、反义词以及对比关系猜测词义; 5)根据生活常识猜测词义。
(三)逻辑推理题
推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上,严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有:
(1)From the text,it can be inferred that______.(2)The passage suggests that______.
(3)Which of the following best describes______.(4)The writer’s attitude towards…is______.
(5)From the text,we learn that______.
这种题目有一定难度,解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。解此类题目可从以下几方面入手:
(1)根据常识判断。即解题时,除弄清文意外,还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。
(2)根据知识判断。即解题时,运用一些一般性知识,如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。
(3)根据计算判断。即解题时,运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面的运算。
(4)根据情节判断。即解题时,从情节所提供的基本事实出发,寻找一定规律,如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现,考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中,深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。
(四)归纳总结题
这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上,对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断,从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有:
1)The general idea of the passage is about______.2)The main idea of the article is______.
3)The main purpose of this selection is______. 4)The passage suggests that______.
5)Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage?
具体解题时,应注意一些技巧:
(1)首先看短文的开头和结尾,确定短文题材,预测其内容。每段的第一句话往往会提供重要信息,可以帮助我们搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
(2)速读全文,整体理解短文大意,抓住关键词语,弄清文章的主旨。
(3)根据已知短文内容,着手解题。可先将文后的选择题看一下,然后带着问题再去阅读。这样做,一方面有助于对文章进一步理解,另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。
(4)迅速复读全文,检查自己的理解是否正确,所选答案是否前后矛盾。通过全面考虑,最后确定答案。
Activity 3 :Pass Check
A) 基础题
A
Go! Go! Go!
Grade 8 students will have a football match.
Come and have fun.
Time: 4 p. m. on Friday
Place: in the playground of Sunshine Middle School
You can also watch it at sunshinemiddleschool.com.
1.Who will have a football match at Sunshine Middle School?
A.Grade 7 students. B.Grade 8 students. C.Grade 7 teachers. D.Grade 8 teachers.
2.When will be the football match?
A.On Friday morning. B.On Friday afternoon. C.On Monday morning. D.On Monday afternoon.
3.What does the underlined word it in the poster refer to (指代)?
A.The football centre. B.The middle school. C.The school playground. D.The football match.
B)培优题
(23-24七年级上·江苏宿迁·期末)
A poor little girl walks in the street. Her clothes are ragged (破旧的). She has only her mother’s big slippers (拖鞋) on her bare feet (赤足).
“Matches! Matches! Does anyone want to buy matches?” she cries. But no one notices (注意) her. People walk past her quickly. They’re busy buying Christmas presents.
Soon it’s noon. But the little girl doesn’t sell any matches.
She comes to the window of a beautiful house. She looks into the window. There’s a very beautiful Christmas tree in the house. Two children are playing by the tree with sweets. The sweet paper is so beautiful. “How happy they are!” the little girl says to herself.
Then she thinks of her sick mother. And her eyes are full of tears (眼泪).
She keeps on walking and calling, “Matches! Matches! Sir, Madam, would you please buy some matches?” Still, nobody notices her.
Suddenly, a carriage (马车) runs by fast. The little girl is so afraid that she runs away quickly.
The little girl gets away from the carriage, but she loses (丢失) her slippers. One is lost. A boy gets the other one. He kicks (踢) it around. The little girl wants to ask for it back. But the boy kicks it far away.
The little girl has to walk barefoot in the cold snow now.
—A passage from The little Match Girl
1.Which season does this story happen in?
A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Autumn. D.Winter.
2.What does the underlined word “they” refer to (指代)?
A.The children in the beautiful house.B.The tears in the little girl’s eyes.
C.The people in their carriages. D.The sweets in the tree.
3.What do we know about the little girl?
A.She has no mother. B.She is glad to meet the boy.
C.She must be very sad on this day. D.She loses her matches and slippers.
Activity 4 : Class Summary
Confidence is half victory.自信就是成功的一半。1
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