2025-2026学年高一英语上学期期中复习之阅读理解12篇（外研版Units1-4单元话题）

期中复习之阅读理解12篇 （Units1-4单元话题） 本资料共12篇专题训练，从上到下每单元依次对应3篇单元话题专题训练 单元 单元话题 Unit 1 A New Start 高中生活 Unit 2 Exploring English 语言学习 Unit 3 Family Matters 家庭生活 Unit 4 Friends Forever 朋友与友谊 Do you have anything you want to share with others? Starting a high school club can help you build a community and connect with like-minded students. Here is a step-by-step guide to get started. Step 1: Choose Your Club and Set Goals First, decide the type of club you want to create. Consider whether you are starting a new club, bringing back an old one, or making a current one bigger. Set clear and achievable goals. For example, if you want to start a chess club, you may need at least eight members to hold competitions. Knowing your goal will help you plan well. Step 2: Know Who You Want to Join Think about who might be interested in joining the club. For a math club, students who are good at STEM subjects are a natural choice, but don’t limit yourself. Students doing well in other subjects, such as history or arts, may also provide unique ideas. A clear target audience (目标群体) increases the chances of attracting members. Step 3: Recruit (招募) Members This is the most important step. You can use several methods： ·Posters: Make eye-catching posters and place them in classrooms, halls, and online. ·Announcements: Ask the school to include your club in daily announcements. ·Club Days: Set up a special place where you students can try things. Fun activities get more attention than a simple sign. ·Word of Mouth: Encourage members to invite friends. Your group can grow fast in this way. Step 4: Welcome New Members Once members join, make them feel included. Plan activities that allow everyone to join in, even beginners. Involved (参与) members are more likely to stay and help the club do well. Starting a club needs planning, creativity, and teamwork. Follow these steps, and you can build an active and growing group in your school and finally enjoy your school life. 1．Who is the text written for? A．School leaders managing club programs. B．Teachers who want to organize school events. C．High school students interested in starting a club. D．Parents who support their kids’ after-school activities. 2．Why is setting goals important for a club? A．It attracts students quickly. B．It helps with good planning. C．It makes others know about the club well. D．It allows the members to communicate easily. 3．How can clubs make sure members feel included? A．By setting a low goal. B．By making eye-catching posters. C．By encouraging them to invite friends freely. D．By organizing some beginner-friendly activities. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在高中创办一个新俱乐部的详细步骤指南。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Do you have anything you want to share with others? Starting a high school club can help you build a community and connect with like-minded students. Here is a step-by-step guide to get started.(你有什么想和别人分享的吗？创办一个高中俱乐部可以帮助你建立一个社区，并与志同道合的学生建立联系。这里有一个入门指南。)”可知，创办一个高中俱乐部可以帮助你建立一个社区，并与志同道合的学生建立联系。还提到了这里有一个入门指南，可推理出这篇文章是写给对创办俱乐部感兴趣的高中生的，故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章Step 1部分最后一句“Knowing your goal will help you plan well.(明确你的目标将有助于你做好计划)”可知，设定目标之所以重要是因为它有助于做好规划，与B项“It helps with good planning.(它有助于做好规划)”表达的意思一致，故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章Step 4部分“Plan activities that allow everyone to join in, even beginners.(策划让每个人，甚至是初学者，都能参与的活动)”可知，通过组织一些对初学者友好的活动可以确保成员有参与感，与D项“By organizing some beginner-friendly activities.(通过组织一些对初学者友好的活动)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。 Schools across the world are trying to come up with creative solutions to keep students active. Some are replacing conventional classroom chairs with exercise balls or standing desks. At Ward Elementary School in Winston, North Carolina students have adopted an innovative program that entails (需要) riding bikes while reading. Scott Ertl came up with the idea while he was exercising and reading at the gym. Believing it would be a fun way to convince students to become more active, he placed one bike in the corner of his classroom and encouraged them to use it during independent reading sessions. It was so popular that Ertl decided to add more bikes and offer the Read and Ride program to the entire school. Today Ward Elementary School has a special exercise room filled with bikes that can be used by students while completing their daily reading assignments. Besides making reading more fun, the program also helps students exercise at a comfortable pace without the pressure that comes with regular sports-related activities. It is also a perfect way to release pent-up energy during days when the weather is not conducive to outdoor activities.    Most importantly, however, are the program’s academic benefits. A year after Read and Ride was introduced at Ward Elementary School, students actively involved in the program demonstrated an astounding 83% reading proficiency (能力). Those who had not taken advantage of the exercise bikes tested at a much lower, 41%. Though the improvement in academic achievement cannot all be attributed to (归因于) programs like Read and Ride, experts believe they are a significant contributor. That’s because studies have shown that physical activity stimulates brain cells and helps prepare it for learning. As word of the difference made by this easy-to-execute exercise program spreads, don’t be surprised to find schools across the country adopt “Read and Ride” for their students. 1．What does Scott Ertl do according to the passage? A．An expert. B．A coach C．A bike maker. D．A teacher. 2．Which of the following is the most important benefit of “Read and Ride”? A．Contributing to improving students’ reading ability. B．Helping students build up their bodies. C．Having students’ riding ability improved. D．Making students interested in reading. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Ward Elementary School hasn’t adopted the Read and Ride program. B．Schools all over the USA will adopt “Read and Ride” soon. C．Students in Ward Elementary School created the Read and Ride program. D．The improvement of students’ reading ability completely results from “the Read and Ride program”. 4．The author’s attitude towards the Read and Ride program may be described as ________. A．disapproving B．negative C．positive D．doubtful 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述美国沃德小学推行“阅读骑行”项目，介绍其起源、实施方式，并说明该项目在提升学生活跃度、阅读能力上的积极效果。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scott Ertl came up with the idea while he was exercising and reading at the gym. Believing it would be a fun way to convince students to become more active, he placed one bike in the corner of his classroom and encouraged them to use it during independent reading sessions.(该想法由Scott Ertl提出。当时他正在健身房一边锻炼一边阅读，认为这会是个有趣的办法，能让学生更主动地动起来。于是，他在自己教室的角落放了一辆自行车，鼓励学生在自主阅读时间使用。)”可知，Scott Ertl拥有教室，并且鼓励自己的学生在自主阅读时使用自行车。因此，他应该是一名教师。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Most importantly, however, are the program’s academic benefits. A year after Read and Ride was introduced at Ward Elementary School, students actively involved in the program demonstrated an astounding 83% reading proficiency(能力). Those who had not taken advantage of the exercise bikes tested at a much lower, 41%.(然而，该项目最重要的价值在于其学术效益。“阅读骑行”项目在沃德小学推行一年后，积极参与项目的学生展现出了惊人的阅读能力——熟练度高达83%。而那些未使用健身自行车的学生，阅读熟练度则低得多，仅为41%。)”可知，阅读骑行项目最核心的益处是助力提高学生的阅读能力。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“That’s because studies have shown that physical activity stimulates brain cells and helps prepare it for learning. As word of the difference made by this easy-to-execute exercise program spreads, don’t be surprised to find schools across the country adopt “Read and Ride” for their students.(这是因为有研究表明，体育活动能刺激脑细胞，为学习做好准备。随着这项简单易实施的运动项目所带来的改变逐渐为人所知，看到全国各地的学校都为学生采用“阅读骑行”项目，也就不足为奇了。)”可知，该项目反响较好。由此可推测，美国各地学校可能很快会采用该项目。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Most importantly, however, are the program’s academic benefits. A year after Read and Ride was introduced at Ward Elementary School, students actively involved in the program demonstrated an astounding 83% reading proficiency(能力). Those who had not taken advantage of the exercise bikes tested at a much lower, 41%.(然而，该项目最重要的价值在于其学术效益。“阅读骑行”项目在沃德小学推行一年后，积极参与项目的学生展现出了惊人的阅读能力——熟练度高达83%。而那些未使用健身自行车的学生，阅读熟练度则低得多，仅为41%。)”以及最后一段“As word of the difference made by this easy-to-execute exercise program spreads, don’t be surprised to find schools across the country adopt “Read and Ride” for their students.(随着这项简单易实施的运动项目所带来的改变逐渐为人所知，看到全国各地的学校都为学生采用“阅读骑行”项目，也就不足为奇了。)”可知，作者对该项目的态度是认可和支持的，即积极的。故选C。 A coffee shop near Kansas City is giving students a taste of how to run a coffee business. Campus Grounds is a student-run coffee shop put together by the Fort Osage School District and the Fort Osage Career and Technology Center. “I’m more of a hands-on person and a hands-on learner and I’m looking forward to learning something outside of the classroom,” said Sidney Sullivan, senior at Fort Osage. Sullivan and other qualified (合格的) seniors have to apply every year to be part of Campus Grounds. The selected applicants get to call all the shots, responsible for coming up with social media ideas, planning menus and considering customer feedback (反馈的意见) to offer the best mix of choices. Students also learn how to make drinks and run the cash register (现金出纳机) and some students are even paid to run the shop on Saturday as well as before and after school. “It’s been awesome. So far, I have learned to make several kinds of coffee,” said Maya Strasser, senior at Oak Grove. “Here, you’re not just following instructions from a book or video; you’re actually talking to people face-to-face, getting their feedback and making connections. It’s such a good way to learn and improve my skills.” The program was started in 2021 and includes students from four different districts (学区) including Oak Grove, Blue Springs, Fort Osage and Grain Valley. Susie Suits, Director at the Career and Technology Center at Fort Osage says the shop helps build a stronger community with every drink they serve. “It’s an excellent program. It’s one that students love to go to. It’s their favorite class. It gets students out of campus and gives people a chance to come together. It’s just a great environment,” said Suits. Campus Grounds is open Monday-Friday: 6:30 am-2:00 pm and Saturday: 7 am-2 pm. 1．What is special about Campus Grounds? A．It provides free drinks for students. B．It stays open 24 hours a day. C．It is managed by students. D．It is in the classroom. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The impact of Campus Grounds on local businesses. B．The variety of coffee drinks offered at Campus Grounds. C．The importance of teamwork among students in the program. D．The responsibilities of students working at Campus Grounds. 3．What influence does Susie Suits believe the Campus Grounds program has? A．It strengthens connections within the community. B．It leads to a drop in student attendance at school. C．It takes up too much of students’ time. D．It helps many locals return to work. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了堪萨斯城附近一家由学生运营的咖啡店Campus Grounds，及其背后的实践教育项目。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Campus Grounds is a student-run coffee shop put together by the Fort Osage School District and the Fort Osage Career and Technology Center.(Campus Grounds是一家由学生经营的咖啡馆，由奥塞奇堡学区和奥塞奇堡职业和技术中心共同经营)”可知，Campus Grounds是由学生运营的咖啡店，这是其核心特色。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Sullivan and other qualified (合格的) seniors have to apply every year to be part of Campus Grounds. The selected applicants get to call all the shots, responsible for coming up with social media ideas, planning menus and considering customer feedback (反馈的意见) to offer the best mix of choices. Students also learn how to make drinks and run the cash register (现金出纳机) and some students are even paid to run the shop on Saturday as well as before and after school.(Sullivan和其他合格的大四学生必须每年申请成为Campus Grounds咖啡店的一员。被选中的申请者可以发出指令，负责提出社交媒体创意，规划菜单并考虑客户反馈以提供最佳选择组合。学生们还学习如何调制饮料和管理收银机，一些学生甚至在周六以及放学前和放学后经营商店)”可知，本段主要介绍学生在店内的具体职责。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The program was started in 2021 and includes students from four different districts (学区) including Oak Grove, Blue Springs, Fort Osage and Grain Valley. Susie Suits, Director at the Career and Technology Center at Fort Osage says the shop helps build a stronger community with every drink they serve.(该项目于2021年启动，包括来自四个不同地区的学生，包括橡树林、蓝泉、奥塞奇堡和格兰谷。奥塞奇堡职业和技术中心主任Susie Suits说，这家店提供的每一种饮料都有助于建立一个更强大的社区)”可知，Susie Suits认为Campus Grounds咖啡店项目加强了社区内的联系。故选A项。 Slang (俚语) words are specific words or phrases that have a cultural meaning that is different from the basic meaning. For example, when you “keep your cool”, you are not talking about the temperature. You are saying that you will stay calm under pressure. Cool slang changes all the time. Some slang examples, like “what’s up?”, have been around so long that they have become idioms (习语), or common expressions where the meaning of certain word combinations (组合) are really different from their basic meaning. An example of an idiom is “out of the blue” to show something that happened without warning. Other slang words are popular, or come from new music, TV, or movies, and are only used for a short time. Knowing how and when to use slang words or college slang will help you connect with and better understand American students. As a general rule, you can use popular words and phrases now with your friends and classmates, but should use more formal English when speaking to professors and co-workers. If you use today’s slang in more formal settings, like at work, people might see you as rude (粗鲁的) or unprofessional. Pop culture and youth culture tend to create new slang words and trends (趋势). Historically, that meant that the TV shows, pop and hip-hop music, movies, and video games popular with kids, teens, and young adults influenced today’s slang. While those forms of media still shape new slang words and cool slang, young people now tend to spend more time online — and with that change, the Internet, and especially social media, drive most of American slang in 2025. While the Internet and pop culture have created common slang words around the country, keep in mind that different areas of the country may use different slang words. Wherever you decide to study, you’ll quickly hear the local slang — and it may even become part of your own vocabulary! 1．Why is slang said to help students connect? A．It shows respect. B．It breaks language walls. C．It sounds funny. D．It follows grammar rules. 2．What could happen if you use slang the wrong way? A．It can show language skills. B．It may confuse friends. C．It helps people build trust. D．It could seem impolite. 3．What can we know about slang usage across different places? A．It varies by location. B．It’s only used online. C．It’s hard to learn. D．It remains unchanged over time. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The History of American Slang B．Slang: Cultural Meaning and Modern Trends C．How to Use Slang Correctly in Formal Settings D．The Differences Between Slang and Idioms 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国俚语的变化特点、使用场合以及其来源,包括流行文化和社交媒体对俚语的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Knowing how and when to use slang words or college slang will help you connect with and better understand American students.(了解如何以及何时使用俚语或大学俚语，将有助于你与美国学生建立联系并更好地理解他们)”可知，俚语能帮助学生沟通，是因为它能打破语言障碍，让交流更顺畅。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If you use today’s slang in more formal settings, like at work, people might see you as rude (粗鲁的) or unprofessional.(如果你在更正式的场合，比如工作中使用当下的俚语，人们可能会认为你粗鲁或不专业)”可知，错误使用俚语（在正式场合使用）可能会显得不礼貌。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中“While the Internet and pop culture have created common slang words around the country, keep in mind that different areas of the country may use different slang words.(虽然互联网和流行文化在全国范围内创造了通用的俚语，但要记住，美国不同地区可能会使用不同的俚语)”可知，不同地区的俚语使用情况存在差异，即俚语使用因地点而异。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中“Slang (俚语) words are specific words or phrases that have a cultural meaning that is different from the basic meaning.(俚语是指具有与基本含义不同的文化含义的特定单词或短语)”可知，文章首先介绍了俚语具有不同于基本含义的文化意义。再根据第五段中“Pop culture and youth culture tend to create new slang words and trends (趋势).(流行文化和青年文化倾向于创造新的俚语词汇和趋势)”以及“While those forms of media still shape new slang words and cool slang, young people now tend to spend more time online — and with that change, the Internet, and especially social media, drive most of American slang in 2025.(虽然这些形式的媒体仍然在塑造新的俚语和很酷的俚语，但年轻人现在倾向于花更多的时间在网上——随着这种变化，到2025年，互联网，尤其是社交媒体，将主导大部分美国俚语)”可知，文章还讲述了流行文化、青年文化以及互联网和社交媒体等对俚语新趋势的影响，即现代俚语的发展趋势。选项B“俚语：文化意义与现代趋势”能概括全文内容，可以作为最佳标题。故选B。 Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English, but is running free and developing local forms uniquely. Can you figure out the following terms? “I like your smile, but I don’t like it when you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass.” Or “people mountain, people sea” which means “very crowded”. These examples are what we call Chinglish. When it comes to Chinglish, if all you know is “good good study, day day up”, you will be considered “out man”. Nowadays, more Chinglish words have been created. For example, a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”, a character combining the English words smile and silence. Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at misuses of the English language in Chinese street signs, products, and advertising. They are appreciated by some English-speaking tourists and visitors. Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years. “I think many Chinese people complain about Chinglish and badly translated English. But you know, sometimes for us foreigners, it’s actually quite charming to see them. I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect, then something would be lost from Chinese culture.” However, Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future. Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years. “It is very funny to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots. And they are a kind of barrier to the communication between Chinese and people from other countries,” a Beijinger said. Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish. They argue that English has mixed factors from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and now it’s Chinese’s turn. 1．What can we call Chinglish? A．The local words preventing foreigners from learning Chinese well. B．The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar. C．The Chinese words which are difficult to translate. D．English words which get new Chinese meanings. 2．What is Swire’s attitude to Chinglish? A．It will attract more foreign tourists. B．It can show the humor of the Chinese. C．It seems part of Chinese culture. D．It helps him to learn Chinese well. 3．Why is Chinglish likely to become a “cultural relic” in Beijing? A．Because it improves the understanding between Chinese and foreigners. B．Because Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English. C．Because it has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English. D．Because Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish signs. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A history book. B．A foreign novel. C．A culture magazine. D．A travel guide. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中式英语这种文化现象，包括中式英语的一些例子，构成，人们对中式英语的看法以及中式英语的文化影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段““I like your smile, but I don’t like it when you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass.” Or “people mountain, people sea” which means “very crowded”. (‘我喜欢你的笑容，但我不喜欢你把鞋子放在我脸上的样子。’这是‘不要践踏草坪’的一种说法。或者‘people mountain, people sea（人山人海）’，意思是‘非常拥挤’。)”和第四段“Nowadays, more Chinglish words have been created. For example, a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”, a character combining the English words smile and silence. (现在，更多的中式英语词汇被创造出来，例如，一个汉语成语——笑而不语，被翻译成‘smilence’，由英语单词smile（微笑）和silence（沉默）组合而成)”可知，文中举的中式英语的例子都是把英语词汇按照汉语语法表达出来，与B选项描述相符。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中Swire说话的内容““I think many Chinese people complain about Chinglish and badly translated English. But you know, sometimes for us foreigners, it’s actually quite charming to see them. I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect, then something would be lost from Chinese culture.”(‘我想很多中国人都在抱怨中式英语和翻译糟糕的英语。但是你知道，有时候对我们外国人来说，看到它们真的很迷人。我认为，如果中国的英语翻译都是完美的，那么中国文化就会失去一些东西。’)”可知，Swire认为中式英语是中国文化的一部分。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future. Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years. “It is very funny to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots. And they are a kind of barrier to the communication between Chinese and people from other countries,” a Beijinger said. (然而，中式英语在不久的将来可能会成为一种“文化遗迹”。北京已经制定了一项全面计划，在五年内改善外语服务和纠正中国式英语。‘在一些景点的指示牌上看到中式英语很可笑的。它们是中国人和其他国家人民交流的一种障碍，’一位北京人说。)”可知，中式英语有可能成为北京的“文化遗迹”是因为北京决心要消除中式英语。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“These examples are what we call Chinglish.(这些例子就是我们所说的中式英语。)”、第四段中“Nowadays, more Chinglish words have been created.(如今，更多的中式英语被创造出来。)”、最后一段“Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish. They argue that English has mixed factors from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and now it’s Chinese’s turn.(一些中国大学专家支持中式英语。他们认为，英语在发展过程中混合了法语和西班牙语等其他语言的因素，现在轮到汉语了。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中式英语这种文化现象，包括对中式英语的解读，人们对中式英语的看法以及中式英语的文化影响。由此可推知，本文最可能出自一本文化杂志。故选C项。 It's a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: "She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related?" The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It's how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It's multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words — a totally different context. Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that "coded communication works best when emitter and receiver share exactly the same code." Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, "That was fun", she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying "ironically" that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language's efficiency. Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 1．What does the complaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A．The inconsistence between words and meaning. B．The misinterpretation of emotional expressions. C．The crucial role of non-verbal communication. D．The underlying messages in casual remarks. 2．What may make human language different from true codes? A．The context included in understanding meanings. B．The definitions made by words in communication. C．The coded communication between emitter and receiver. D．The fixed correspondence between words and meanings. 3．What does the underlined word “emitter” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Passive observer. B．Message receiver. C．Code translator. D．Message sender. 4．What does the author suggest in communication? A．Stating the opposite directly. B．Translating word by word. C．Reading beyond the words. D．Simplifying messages to single meanings. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“人类语言的交流特点”展开，介绍了语言交流不仅是文字本身，还涉及语气、语境等多维度因素。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? (她说她不介意我忘记她的生日！那她为什么在厨房里摔盘子呢？这两件事有关系吗？)”以及第二段“Communication is more than words. It's how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. (交流不仅仅是言语。还包括这些话是怎么说的，语气，顺序，甚至是某个特定单词的选择)”可推知，第一段的抱怨主要表明了言语和意思之间的不一致。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitter and receiver share exactly the same code.” Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. (人类语言不是一种编码。真正的编码与意义有着一一对应的关系。一种声音，一种定义。这就是我们在动物身上看到的情况。威尔逊和斯珀伯解释说：“当发出者和接收者拥有完全相同的编码时，编码交流效果最佳。”人类则不是这样。我们交流的内容比我们所说的单词的定义要多。这是一种推理交流，这意味着我们不仅理解所说的单词，而且理解它们所使用的语境)”可知，理解意义时所包含的语境使人类语言不同于真正的编码。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“coded communication works best when emitter and receiver share exactly the same code (当emitter和接收者拥有完全相同的编码时，编码交流效果最佳)”可知，“emitter”与“receiver”构成通信双方的对立关系，所以emitter是信息发出者。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. (威尔逊和斯珀伯得出结论，人类语言之所以发展并变得如此强大，是因为人类有两种独特的能力：语言能力和试图解读他人心理状态的能力。我们为听到的单词寻找语境。我们应该非常善于吸收这种语境来推断意义)”可推知，作者认为在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思，也就是不仅仅局限于字面意思。故选C项。 Last year, as my 9-year-old son, Leopold, and I were preparing for a mom-son ski trip to Keystone, I came up with a rule: We would say yes to everything, including food and experiences—especially new ones. Leopold is a picky eater and can be hesitant to try new things. I was hoping to find a way to encourage him without turning to worn-out proverbs like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So I borrowed the idea of a Yes Day, something our family has done a handful of times since watching the movie of the same name. We started saying yes before we even boarded our flight, when we stopped at a breakfast buffet at the airport. For me, that meant I sampled a vegan meatball (素食肉丸), while Leopold tried a mouse bite of hash browns (土豆饼) he said looked “funny”. Neither of us went back for seconds, but we each rated our new foods as “not bad.” The next day, after we got settled at our hotel, I took Leopold to meet his snowboarding instructor. He had taken a few lessons back at home but had never had the opportunity to snowboard on a mountain of this size. While he was in snowboarding school, I skied by myself. Inspired by Leopold, who had kept to our bargain and faced his fears time and time again, I challenged myself to ski an intermediate blue run (中级赛道). There was a part that was steeper (更陡峭) than I thought, but I did my slow, diligent S-turns and I made it down without being hurt. I was proud of myself for trying something new. Later that afternoon, when Leopold and I were reunited back at the room, he asked if we could try the outdoor hot bath. Mind you, it was winter, and the only thing I hate more than being cold is being cold and wet When I started to object, Leopold quoted our rule. Yes, it was cold, and yes, I was wet. But it was also refreshing to feel the cold air on my skin, and the warm water felt that much better once we got in. Getting out was a different story, but the experience was a delight as Leopold and I braved it together. 1．Why did the author suggest the “say yes” rule? A．Her son demanded too much of food. B．Her son was unwilling to try new things. C．They hoped to keep their family tradition. D．They liked to live a life shown in a movie. 2．During the trip, Leopold ________. A．complained about the food there B．proposed to take an outdoor bath C．chose to ski a medium-level track D．was afraid of skiing on a mountain 3．According to the passage, which word can best describe Leopold? A．Determined. B．Outgoing. C．Modest. D．Creative 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Take life as it comes. B．Like mother, like son. C．Brave attempt offers delight. D．Extreme joy produces sorrow. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者带挑食且不愿尝试新事物的儿子滑雪旅行时，制定“凡事说 yes”规则，母子俩共同尝试新事物并收获快乐的经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Leopold is a picky eater and can be hesitant to try new things. I was hoping to find a way to encourage him without turning to worn-out proverbs like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So I borrowed the idea of a Yes Day, something our family has done a handful of times since watching the movie of the same name. (利奥波德是个挑食的人，对尝试新事物犹豫不决。我希望找到一种方法来鼓励他，而不是求助于那些过时的谚语，比如“如果你不尝试，你永远不知道你是否喜欢它。”所以我借用了“Yes Day”的想法，自从看了同名电影后，我们家已经做过几次了)” 可知，作者提出“凡事说 yes”的规则，是因为儿子不愿尝试新事物。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Later that afternoon, when Leopold and I were reunited back at the room, he asked if we could try the outdoor hot bath. (那天下午晚些时候，我和利奥波德回到房间团聚时，他问我们能不能试试户外热水浴)”可知，旅行期间利奥波德提议去泡户外热水浴。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Inspired by Leopold, who had kept to our bargain and faced his fears time and time again, I challenged myself to ski an intermediate blue run (中级赛道). (利奥波德遵守了我们的约定，一次次直面自己的恐惧，这激励了我，我挑战自己滑了一段中级蓝道)”可知，利奥波德能坚持规则、多次克服恐惧，“有决心的”最能描述他的性格。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“Yes, it was cold, and yes, I was wet. But it was also refreshing to feel the cold air on my skin, and the warm water felt that much better once we got in. Getting out was a different story, but the experience was a delight as Leopold and I braved it together.(是的，天气很冷，是的，我浑身湿透了。但感觉凉风吹在我的皮肤上也很清爽，我们一进去，温水的感觉就好多了。离开这里是另一回事，但我和利奥波德一起勇敢地走出来，这段经历令人愉快)”以及作者尝试素食肉丸、挑战中级滑雪道，儿子尝试新食物、直面滑雪恐惧，母子俩都因勇敢尝试新事物收获了快乐，这些表明勇敢尝试能带来快乐。故选C项。 It being a hot afternoon, my best friend Stephanie and I decided to have an adventure in her basement (地下室). As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room full of amazing things. I ran downstairs, and found paint in bright colors like purple, orange, blue and green. We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials (材料) to my yard. There on the road in front of my house, we painted big stripes (条纹) of colors. Stripe by stripe, our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow! The sun was starting to sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece. The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother’s face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble. My mother shut the car door and walked towards me. Her eyes glaring (瞪), she shouted, “What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors’ trees, but this, come inside right now!” I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art. “Now go clean it up!” Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement. Though years have passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. 1．What did the writer want to do when his mother came home? A．To introduce Stephanie to her. B．To prevent her from seeing his painting. C．To put the materials back in the yard. D．To show his artwork to her. 2．In his mother’s eyes, the writer ________. A．was a born artist B．always caused trouble C．was a problem solver D．worked very hard 3．The underlined word “rainbow” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．the rainbow in the sky B．the stripes on the road C．something imaginative and fun D．important lessons learned in childhood 4．It can be learned from the passage that parents should . A．encourage children to paint B．think much of friendship among children C．discover the hidden talent in children D．protect rather than destroy children’s dreams 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了炎热午后，作者和朋友在院子路面画了彩色彩虹，想给妈妈看却遭斥责并被要求清理，多年后作者仍怀念，认为人需“彩虹”点亮生活、守护梦想。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The sun was starting to sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece.(太阳开始下山了。我看见远处有一辆车，一认出是那辆车就跳了起来。是我妈妈。我迫不及待地想给她看我的杰作。)”可知，作者妈妈回家时，他想向妈妈展示自己的作品。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Her eyes glaring (瞪), she shouted, “What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors’ trees, but this, come inside right now!” I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art.(她瞪着眼睛喊道：“你到底在想什么？当你用树叶堆城堡，爬上邻居的树时，我就明白了，但这，现在快进来！”我站在那里瞪了她一会儿，因为她侮辱了我的艺术而生气。)”可推知，在母亲的眼里，作者总是制造麻烦。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中，作者先怀念当年画在马路上的“彩虹”，接着提到“I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful.(我想我们都需要一些彩虹来照亮我们的生活，让我们的希望和梦想变得丰富多彩。)”由此可知，“rainbow”已不只是具体的马路条纹，而是象征能点亮生活、承载希望与梦想的 “富有想象力和乐趣的事物”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful.(我想知道，也许当我长大了，我能找到我的彩虹，而不必把它擦掉。我想我们都需要一些彩虹来照亮我们的生活，让我们的希望和梦想变得丰富多彩。)”可知，作者将充满创意的彩虹画作视为珍宝，却被妈妈要求清理，多年后仍遗憾 “彩虹消失”。深层传递的是：孩子的梦想与创意需要被呵护，而非轻易否定或摧毁。故选D项。 One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn’t thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 1．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 2．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 3．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 4．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling on kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者深情回忆童年母亲深夜为自己读书的美好时光，成为父母后理解母亲的付出。借自身经历强调亲子共读对孩子成长意义重大，还能助成年人缓解压力，倡导亲子共读。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. (我童年最美好的回忆之一是我母亲给我读书的时候。)”以及后文对母亲给作者读书的各种描述可知，作者童年时母亲给他读书这件事给他留下了最深刻的印象。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. (这本来可能是她在照顾孩子和丈夫一整天后放松的时间，但相反，当我从床上溜下来，在其他人都睡着后踮着脚尖回到客厅时，她会微笑。作为11个孩子中最小的一个，有时很容易在人群中被忽视，而我珍惜那些时刻；我可以坐在她身边，知道那是只属于我的时间。)”可知，母亲本可以在那时放松，而作者却占用了母亲的放松时间，但他又很享受和母亲在一起的这些时刻，所以作者有这种矛盾的感觉。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and installs (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. (除了帮孩子培养阅读兴趣，这也是一种与孩子拉近距离的美好方式，还能为他们逐步培养起一份终生难忘的安全感。)”可知，亲子共读的好处是能帮助孩子形成安全感。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. ( 读书并任想象驰骋，并非孩童专属。每当生活忙碌到极点、压力最大时，我会找本书，让自己沉浸其中片刻。读书、刷平板或窝在电视前放松，三者的区别在于：读书时，故事的模样能由你想象塑造，阅读节奏也能完全由自己掌控。我就喜欢这一点。)”可知，文章开篇讲述了作者童年时母亲给他读书的美好回忆，接着阐述了自己成为父母后对亲子共读的理解，以及亲子共读的好处，最后还提到阅读对成年人放松的作用，整体围绕亲子共读展开，目的是推广亲子共读的理念。故选B项。 “Why did she spill the beans?” I thought regretfully. I’ll always remember that day, when I was so surprised by all the strange looks everyone was giving me. Those thoughts will always stay with me. And I couldn’t believe I would lose the friendship of the person I trusted the most. Five years back, Sally was the new kid in class. I don’t know what it was, but something unusual about her drew me to her. She was the most friendly person I knew. We started as classmates, but after a few months, we were like best friends. So, I never expected her to hurt me in such a big way. I don’t know what made me tell Sally about my personal life. She made the matter bigger than it was, adding her own spin (倾向性描述) on it and telling everyone at school. It was like someone had done something bad in the back. After she let out my secrets, everyone at school started laughing at me, looking at me whenever I passed by. After this terrible situation, I changed schools. Sally called me many times, but I didn’t answer. My heart was broken. I tried hard to heal (治愈) from the hurt she left on my heart. I started a new life. After five years, my life went back to the way it was, with new friends. But one day, I met Anna at the market. She was my classmate from 3rd grade. She told me that Sally wasn’t the one who brought my secrets to light. Mary was. Mary was our school’s big mouth who always wanted to stick her nose into other people’s business. I was all at sea (不知所措). I wished I could have asked Sally about this. I wished I could go back in time and fix my mistakes. From that, I learned a life lesson that we should trust those we love because one little mistake could really damage our lives. 1．What does the underlined part “spill the beans” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Speak ill of others. B．Speak out one’s heart. C．Use up the beans. D．Give away others’ secrets. 2．What did the author do after her secrets were brought to light? A．She called Sally to ask why. B．She changed to a new school. C．She told Sally’s secrets to others. D．She tried to forget about it. 3．How did the author feel after she found out the truth? A．Regretful. B．Annoyed. C．Moved. D．Disappointed. 4．What lesson does the author learn from this experience? A．It’s better late than never. B．We must keep our personal life private. C．Mistakes are the stepping stones to wisdom. D．It’s important to have confidence in our loved ones. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者误以为好友萨莉泄露自己秘密，多年后才得知真相并从中吸取教训的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I thought regretfully. I’ll always remember that day, when I was so surprised by all the strange looks everyone was giving me. Those thoughts will always stay with me. And I couldn’t believe I would lose the friendship of the person I trusted the most. (我懊悔地想。我永远也忘不了那一天，当我看到每个人都给我投来奇怪的目光时，我是多么惊讶。那些想法将永远伴随着我。我不敢相信我会失去我最信任的人的友谊)”以及第三段中“After she let out my secrets, everyone at school started laughing at me, looking at me whenever I passed by. (在她泄露了我的秘密后，学校里的所有人都开始嘲笑我，每当我路过时，他们都会盯着我看)”可知，作者认为是Sally泄露了自己的隐私，由此推知，spill the beans意为“泄露他人的秘密”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After this terrible situation, I changed schools.(在这场糟糕的情况之后，我转学了)”可知，作者的秘密被泄露后，她转去了一所新学校。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I wished I could have asked Sally about this. I wished I could go back in time and fix my mistakes.(我真希望当时能问问萨莉这件事。我真希望能回到过去，弥补我的错误)”可知，作者得知真相后，因误解萨莉并失去这段友谊而感到后悔。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“From that, I learned a life lesson that we should trust those we love because one little mistake could really damage our lives.(从那以后，我学到了一个人生教训：我们应该信任我们所爱的人，因为一个小小的错误真的可能会毁掉我们的生活)”可知，作者从这次经历中学到的是“对所爱之人抱有信任很重要”。故选D。 The philosopher Aristotle said, “Wishing to be friends is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening (成熟) fruit.” Friendship is important for humans, but it takes time to develop a friendship. Friendship can be neglected easily. According to the Gallup Organization’s director, Tom Rath, we usually realize the value of friendship during difficult times. In his book, Vital Friends: The People You Can’t Afford To Live Without, Rath makes the point that if you ask people why they become homeless, why their marriage fails or why they overeat, they often say it is because of the poor quality of friendship. They feel unloved. Rath undertook a lot of study on friendship. His work resulted in some surprising statistics (统计数据): If your best friend eats healthily, you are five times more likely to have a healthy diet. Married people say friendship is more than five times as important as physical intimacy (亲密关系) within marriage. Those who say they have no real friends at work have only a one-in-twelve chance of feeling engaged in their job. On the contrary, if you have a “best friend at work”, you are seven times more likely to feel engaged in your job. British writer Mark Vernon found support for this idea. Oscar Wilde also supported the selfless aspect of true friendship when he said, “Anybody can feel sorry for the sufferings of a friend, but it needs a very fine nature to enjoy a friend’s success.” In his search for the essence (本质) of friendship, Vernon explored a lot of words from well-known people. For example, Ralph Emerson said, “A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere.” Vernon’s book, The Philosophy of Friendship, makes the point that we have now known that money does not buy happiness. He suggests that we learn from Aristotle and spend at least a fifth of our time with our friends. 1．Aristotle’s words are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show _______. A．friendship gets broken easily. B．friendship cannot be created quickly. C．friendship has positive influences on humans. D．friendship normally doesn’t exist between men and women. 2．What does the underlined word “neglected” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．ignored. B．misunderstood. C．remembered. D．cheated. 3．According to Tom Rath, many people’s problems are caused by ________. A．the bad health conditions. B．the friendship of poor quality. C．the bad work environment. D．the stress from their family. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The benefits of friendship. B．The tips on choosing friends. C．The importance of friendship. D．The different opinions on friendship. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章借亚里士多德名言引出友谊需时间培养，再通过拉斯的研究数据、弗农及名人观点，论证友谊的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The philosopher Aristotle said, “Wishing to be friends is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening (成熟) fruit.” Friendship is important for humans, but it takes time to develop a friendship.(哲学家亚里士多德说：“想要成为朋友很容易，但友谊是一颗慢慢成熟的果实。”友谊对人类很重要，但培养友谊需要时间。)”可知，引用亚里士多德的话是为了说明友谊无法快速建立，需要时间。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“According to the Gallup Organization’s director, Tom Rath, we usually realize the value of friendship during difficult times. (盖洛普组织负责人汤姆・拉斯表示，我们通常在困境中才意识到友谊的价值。)”可知，我们通常在困境中才意识到友谊的价值，由此可推至，我们平时容易忽视友谊，neglected意为“忽视”，符合逻辑。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“In his book, Vital Friends: The People You Can’t Afford To Live Without, Rath makes the point that if you ask people why they become homeless, why their marriage fails or why they overeat, they often say it is because of the poor quality of friendship.(在其著作《Vital Friends: The People You Can’t Afford To Live Without》中，拉斯（Rath）提出了一个观点：如果你问人们为何无家可归、婚姻为何破裂或是为何暴饮暴食，他们往往会将原因归咎于糟糕的友谊质量。)”可知，拉斯认为很多人的问题是由劣质友谊导致的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The philosopher Aristotle said, “Wishing to be friends is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening (成熟) fruit.” Friendship is important for humans, but it takes time to develop a friendship.(哲学家亚里士多德说：“想要成为朋友很容易，但友谊是一颗慢慢成熟的果实。”友谊对人类很重要，但培养友谊需要时间。)”以及下文可知，第一段借亚里士多德名言引出“友谊需时间培养且重要”；第二段通过拉斯的研究和数据，说明友谊质量影响生活（如无家可归、工作投入度）；第三段通过弗农的观点和名人引言，强调友谊的本质及“花时间陪朋友”的重要性。核心围绕“友谊的重要性”展开。故选C项。 Researchers in Australia, who studied 1, 500 people and their lifestyles, have found that having good friends can help you live longer. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, also found that if you make more friends than the average (普通的) person at school, you’ll receive a higher salary (工资) in later life. People need good social skills at work to manage people and work in a team successfully. These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. On average, teenagers aged between 15 and 17 have 500 “friends” on their favourite social networking site. Adults have 130. So if you believe this research, you might live for a long time and be very rich. However, according to Professor Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford, it probably won’t make any difference. Dunbar studied the number of messages between users of a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2,000 friends. He found that they always communicate with a maximum (最大量) of 150 people. Among these 150, Dunbar believes that around five people are close friends. You’ve most likely known them for a long time; they are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them. Then there are ten more friends. Although they’re close to you, you may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest. You aren’t close. And finally, there’s a large group of 100. You see or speak to these people at least once a year, but you don’t know them well. Beyond this number, Dunbar says, it’s impossible to make any relationship meaningful. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this experiment: First take away anyone you haven’t been in touch with for a year. Then remove people you can’t remember and, finally, take away friends who you wouldn’t mind losing touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. 1．What are the studies in the first paragraph mainly about? A．The number of friends you should have. B．The advantages of having a lot of friends. C．Some social skills you may need at work. D．Some useful advice on how to make friends. 2．What is Robin Dunbar’s attitude towards the studies? A．Careless. B．Hopeful. C．Unclear. D．Unfavourable. 3．What does the text mainly want to show? A．You need to spend more time with your friends. B．Friends are sometimes more important than family. C．There is a lot of research on the influence of friends. D．It’s more important to have good friends than lots of friends. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Lifestyle. B．Education. C．Nature. D．Technology. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕 “朋友数量与质量” 展开，通过不同研究对比，最终指出真正有意义的友谊在于质量而非数量，且人能维系的有意义关系存在上限。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers in Australia, who studied 1,500 people and their lifestyle, have found that having good friends can help you live longer. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, also found that if you make more friends than the average person at school, you’ll receive a higher salary in later life.(澳大利亚的研究人员对1500人及其生活方式进行了研究，发现有好朋友能让人长寿。美国一项对1万名学生长达35年的研究也发现，如果你在学校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的薪水就会更高。)”可知，第一段中提到的研究主要是关有很多朋友的好处。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, according to Professor Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford, it probably won’t make any difference.(然而，据牛津大学的Robin Dunbar教授说，这可能不会产生任何影响。)”可推知，Robin Dunbar对研究持不赞成的态度。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter.(这些人中有多少算得上是真正的好朋友？研究表明，只有这类人真正重要。)”可知，文章想要表达有好朋友比有很多朋友更重要。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers in Australia, who studied 1,500 people and their lifestyle, have found that having good friends can help you live longer. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, also found that if you make more friends than the average person at school, you’ll receive a higher salary in later life.(澳大利亚的研究人员对1500人及其生活方式进行了研究，发现有好朋友能让人长寿。美国一项对1万名学生长达35年的研究也发现，如果你在学校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的薪水就会更高。)”和全文内容可知，文章围绕 “朋友数量与质量” 展开，通过不同研究对比，最终指出真正有意义的友谊在于质量而非数量，且人能维系的有意义关系存在上限。由此可推知，文章最有可能出自报纸的生活方式板块。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期中复习之阅读理解12篇 （Units1-4单元话题） 本资料共12篇专题训练，从上到下每单元依次对应3篇单元话题专题训练 单元 单元话题 Unit 1 A New Start 高中生活 Unit 2 Exploring English 语言学习 Unit 3 Family Matters 家庭生活 Unit 4 Friends Forever 朋友与友谊 Do you have anything you want to share with others? Starting a high school club can help you build a community and connect with like-minded students. Here is a step-by-step guide to get started. Step 1: Choose Your Club and Set Goals First, decide the type of club you want to create. Consider whether you are starting a new club, bringing back an old one, or making a current one bigger. Set clear and achievable goals. For example, if you want to start a chess club, you may need at least eight members to hold competitions. Knowing your goal will help you plan well. Step 2: Know Who You Want to Join Think about who might be interested in joining the club. For a math club, students who are good at STEM subjects are a natural choice, but don’t limit yourself. Students doing well in other subjects, such as history or arts, may also provide unique ideas. A clear target audience (目标群体) increases the chances of attracting members. Step 3: Recruit (招募) Members This is the most important step. You can use several methods： ·Posters: Make eye-catching posters and place them in classrooms, halls, and online. ·Announcements: Ask the school to include your club in daily announcements. ·Club Days: Set up a special place where you students can try things. Fun activities get more attention than a simple sign. ·Word of Mouth: Encourage members to invite friends. Your group can grow fast in this way. Step 4: Welcome New Members Once members join, make them feel included. Plan activities that allow everyone to join in, even beginners. Involved (参与) members are more likely to stay and help the club do well. Starting a club needs planning, creativity, and teamwork. Follow these steps, and you can build an active and growing group in your school and finally enjoy your school life. 1．Who is the text written for? A．School leaders managing club programs. B．Teachers who want to organize school events. C．High school students interested in starting a club. D．Parents who support their kids’ after-school activities. 2．Why is setting goals important for a club? A．It attracts students quickly. B．It helps with good planning. C．It makes others know about the club well. D．It allows the members to communicate easily. 3．How can clubs make sure members feel included? A．By setting a low goal. B．By making eye-catching posters. C．By encouraging them to invite friends freely. D．By organizing some beginner-friendly activities. Schools across the world are trying to come up with creative solutions to keep students active. Some are replacing conventional classroom chairs with exercise balls or standing desks. At Ward Elementary School in Winston, North Carolina students have adopted an innovative program that entails (需要) riding bikes while reading. Scott Ertl came up with the idea while he was exercising and reading at the gym. Believing it would be a fun way to convince students to become more active, he placed one bike in the corner of his classroom and encouraged them to use it during independent reading sessions. It was so popular that Ertl decided to add more bikes and offer the Read and Ride program to the entire school. Today Ward Elementary School has a special exercise room filled with bikes that can be used by students while completing their daily reading assignments. Besides making reading more fun, the program also helps students exercise at a comfortable pace without the pressure that comes with regular sports-related activities. It is also a perfect way to release pent-up energy during days when the weather is not conducive to outdoor activities.    Most importantly, however, are the program’s academic benefits. A year after Read and Ride was introduced at Ward Elementary School, students actively involved in the program demonstrated an astounding 83% reading proficiency (能力). Those who had not taken advantage of the exercise bikes tested at a much lower, 41%. Though the improvement in academic achievement cannot all be attributed to (归因于) programs like Read and Ride, experts believe they are a significant contributor. That’s because studies have shown that physical activity stimulates brain cells and helps prepare it for learning. As word of the difference made by this easy-to-execute exercise program spreads, don’t be surprised to find schools across the country adopt “Read and Ride” for their students. 1．What does Scott Ertl do according to the passage? A．An expert. B．A coach C．A bike maker. D．A teacher. 2．Which of the following is the most important benefit of “Read and Ride”? A．Contributing to improving students’ reading ability. B．Helping students build up their bodies. C．Having students’ riding ability improved. D．Making students interested in reading. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Ward Elementary School hasn’t adopted the Read and Ride program. B．Schools all over the USA will adopt “Read and Ride” soon. C．Students in Ward Elementary School created the Read and Ride program. D．The improvement of students’ reading ability completely results from “the Read and Ride program”. 4．The author’s attitude towards the Read and Ride program may be described as ________. A．disapproving B．negative C．positive D．doubtful A coffee shop near Kansas City is giving students a taste of how to run a coffee business. Campus Grounds is a student-run coffee shop put together by the Fort Osage School District and the Fort Osage Career and Technology Center. “I’m more of a hands-on person and a hands-on learner and I’m looking forward to learning something outside of the classroom,” said Sidney Sullivan, senior at Fort Osage. Sullivan and other qualified (合格的) seniors have to apply every year to be part of Campus Grounds. The selected applicants get to call all the shots, responsible for coming up with social media ideas, planning menus and considering customer feedback (反馈的意见) to offer the best mix of choices. Students also learn how to make drinks and run the cash register (现金出纳机) and some students are even paid to run the shop on Saturday as well as before and after school. “It’s been awesome. So far, I have learned to make several kinds of coffee,” said Maya Strasser, senior at Oak Grove. “Here, you’re not just following instructions from a book or video; you’re actually talking to people face-to-face, getting their feedback and making connections. It’s such a good way to learn and improve my skills.” The program was started in 2021 and includes students from four different districts (学区) including Oak Grove, Blue Springs, Fort Osage and Grain Valley. Susie Suits, Director at the Career and Technology Center at Fort Osage says the shop helps build a stronger community with every drink they serve. “It’s an excellent program. It’s one that students love to go to. It’s their favorite class. It gets students out of campus and gives people a chance to come together. It’s just a great environment,” said Suits. Campus Grounds is open Monday-Friday: 6:30 am-2:00 pm and Saturday: 7 am-2 pm. 1．What is special about Campus Grounds? A．It provides free drinks for students. B．It stays open 24 hours a day. C．It is managed by students. D．It is in the classroom. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The impact of Campus Grounds on local businesses. B．The variety of coffee drinks offered at Campus Grounds. C．The importance of teamwork among students in the program. D．The responsibilities of students working at Campus Grounds. 3．What influence does Susie Suits believe the Campus Grounds program has? A．It strengthens connections within the community. B．It leads to a drop in student attendance at school. C．It takes up too much of students’ time. D．It helps many locals return to work. Slang (俚语) words are specific words or phrases that have a cultural meaning that is different from the basic meaning. For example, when you “keep your cool”, you are not talking about the temperature. You are saying that you will stay calm under pressure. Cool slang changes all the time. Some slang examples, like “what’s up?”, have been around so long that they have become idioms (习语), or common expressions where the meaning of certain word combinations (组合) are really different from their basic meaning. An example of an idiom is “out of the blue” to show something that happened without warning. Other slang words are popular, or come from new music, TV, or movies, and are only used for a short time. Knowing how and when to use slang words or college slang will help you connect with and better understand American students. As a general rule, you can use popular words and phrases now with your friends and classmates, but should use more formal English when speaking to professors and co-workers. If you use today’s slang in more formal settings, like at work, people might see you as rude (粗鲁的) or unprofessional. Pop culture and youth culture tend to create new slang words and trends (趋势). Historically, that meant that the TV shows, pop and hip-hop music, movies, and video games popular with kids, teens, and young adults influenced today’s slang. While those forms of media still shape new slang words and cool slang, young people now tend to spend more time online — and with that change, the Internet, and especially social media, drive most of American slang in 2025. While the Internet and pop culture have created common slang words around the country, keep in mind that different areas of the country may use different slang words. Wherever you decide to study, you’ll quickly hear the local slang — and it may even become part of your own vocabulary! 1．Why is slang said to help students connect? A．It shows respect. B．It breaks language walls. C．It sounds funny. D．It follows grammar rules. 2．What could happen if you use slang the wrong way? A．It can show language skills. B．It may confuse friends. C．It helps people build trust. D．It could seem impolite. 3．What can we know about slang usage across different places? A．It varies by location. B．It’s only used online. C．It’s hard to learn. D．It remains unchanged over time. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The History of American Slang B．Slang: Cultural Meaning and Modern Trends C．How to Use Slang Correctly in Formal Settings D．The Differences Between Slang and Idioms Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English, but is running free and developing local forms uniquely. Can you figure out the following terms? “I like your smile, but I don’t like it when you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass.” Or “people mountain, people sea” which means “very crowded”. These examples are what we call Chinglish. When it comes to Chinglish, if all you know is “good good study, day day up”, you will be considered “out man”. Nowadays, more Chinglish words have been created. For example, a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”, a character combining the English words smile and silence. Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at misuses of the English language in Chinese street signs, products, and advertising. They are appreciated by some English-speaking tourists and visitors. Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years. “I think many Chinese people complain about Chinglish and badly translated English. But you know, sometimes for us foreigners, it’s actually quite charming to see them. I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect, then something would be lost from Chinese culture.” However, Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future. Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years. “It is very funny to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots. And they are a kind of barrier to the communication between Chinese and people from other countries,” a Beijinger said. Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish. They argue that English has mixed factors from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and now it’s Chinese’s turn. 1．What can we call Chinglish? A．The local words preventing foreigners from learning Chinese well. B．The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar. C．The Chinese words which are difficult to translate. D．English words which get new Chinese meanings. 2．What is Swire’s attitude to Chinglish? A．It will attract more foreign tourists. B．It can show the humor of the Chinese. C．It seems part of Chinese culture. D．It helps him to learn Chinese well. 3．Why is Chinglish likely to become a “cultural relic” in Beijing? A．Because it improves the understanding between Chinese and foreigners. B．Because Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English. C．Because it has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English. D．Because Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish signs. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A history book. B．A foreign novel. C．A culture magazine. D．A travel guide. It's a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: "She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related?" The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It's how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It's multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words — a totally different context. Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that "coded communication works best when emitter and receiver share exactly the same code." Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, "That was fun", she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying "ironically" that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language's efficiency. Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 1．What does the complaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A．The inconsistence between words and meaning. B．The misinterpretation of emotional expressions. C．The crucial role of non-verbal communication. D．The underlying messages in casual remarks. 2．What may make human language different from true codes? A．The context included in understanding meanings. B．The definitions made by words in communication. C．The coded communication between emitter and receiver. D．The fixed correspondence between words and meanings. 3．What does the underlined word “emitter” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Passive observer. B．Message receiver. C．Code translator. D．Message sender. 4．What does the author suggest in communication? A．Stating the opposite directly. B．Translating word by word. C．Reading beyond the words. D．Simplifying messages to single meanings. Last year, as my 9-year-old son, Leopold, and I were preparing for a mom-son ski trip to Keystone, I came up with a rule: We would say yes to everything, including food and experiences—especially new ones. Leopold is a picky eater and can be hesitant to try new things. I was hoping to find a way to encourage him without turning to worn-out proverbs like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So I borrowed the idea of a Yes Day, something our family has done a handful of times since watching the movie of the same name. We started saying yes before we even boarded our flight, when we stopped at a breakfast buffet at the airport. For me, that meant I sampled a vegan meatball (素食肉丸), while Leopold tried a mouse bite of hash browns (土豆饼) he said looked “funny”. Neither of us went back for seconds, but we each rated our new foods as “not bad.” The next day, after we got settled at our hotel, I took Leopold to meet his snowboarding instructor. He had taken a few lessons back at home but had never had the opportunity to snowboard on a mountain of this size. While he was in snowboarding school, I skied by myself. Inspired by Leopold, who had kept to our bargain and faced his fears time and time again, I challenged myself to ski an intermediate blue run (中级赛道). There was a part that was steeper (更陡峭) than I thought, but I did my slow, diligent S-turns and I made it down without being hurt. I was proud of myself for trying something new. Later that afternoon, when Leopold and I were reunited back at the room, he asked if we could try the outdoor hot bath. Mind you, it was winter, and the only thing I hate more than being cold is being cold and wet When I started to object, Leopold quoted our rule. Yes, it was cold, and yes, I was wet. But it was also refreshing to feel the cold air on my skin, and the warm water felt that much better once we got in. Getting out was a different story, but the experience was a delight as Leopold and I braved it together. 1．Why did the author suggest the “say yes” rule? A．Her son demanded too much of food. B．Her son was unwilling to try new things. C．They hoped to keep their family tradition. D．They liked to live a life shown in a movie. 2．During the trip, Leopold ________. A．complained about the food there B．proposed to take an outdoor bath C．chose to ski a medium-level track D．was afraid of skiing on a mountain 3．According to the passage, which word can best describe Leopold? A．Determined. B．Outgoing. C．Modest. D．Creative 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Take life as it comes. B．Like mother, like son. C．Brave attempt offers delight. D．Extreme joy produces sorrow. It being a hot afternoon, my best friend Stephanie and I decided to have an adventure in her basement (地下室). As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room full of amazing things. I ran downstairs, and found paint in bright colors like purple, orange, blue and green. We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials (材料) to my yard. There on the road in front of my house, we painted big stripes (条纹) of colors. Stripe by stripe, our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow! The sun was starting to sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece. The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother’s face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble. My mother shut the car door and walked towards me. Her eyes glaring (瞪), she shouted, “What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors’ trees, but this, come inside right now!” I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art. “Now go clean it up!” Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement. Though years have passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. 1．What did the writer want to do when his mother came home? A．To introduce Stephanie to her. B．To prevent her from seeing his painting. C．To put the materials back in the yard. D．To show his artwork to her. 2．In his mother’s eyes, the writer ________. A．was a born artist B．always caused trouble C．was a problem solver D．worked very hard 3．The underlined word “rainbow” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．the rainbow in the sky B．the stripes on the road C．something imaginative and fun D．important lessons learned in childhood 4．It can be learned from the passage that parents should . A．encourage children to paint B．think much of friendship among children C．discover the hidden talent in children D．protect rather than destroy children’s dreams One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn’t thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 1．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 2．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 3．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 4．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling on kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. “Why did she spill the beans?” I thought regretfully. I’ll always remember that day, when I was so surprised by all the strange looks everyone was giving me. Those thoughts will always stay with me. And I couldn’t believe I would lose the friendship of the person I trusted the most. Five years back, Sally was the new kid in class. I don’t know what it was, but something unusual about her drew me to her. She was the most friendly person I knew. We started as classmates, but after a few months, we were like best friends. So, I never expected her to hurt me in such a big way. I don’t know what made me tell Sally about my personal life. She made the matter bigger than it was, adding her own spin (倾向性描述) on it and telling everyone at school. It was like someone had done something bad in the back. After she let out my secrets, everyone at school started laughing at me, looking at me whenever I passed by. After this terrible situation, I changed schools. Sally called me many times, but I didn’t answer. My heart was broken. I tried hard to heal (治愈) from the hurt she left on my heart. I started a new life. After five years, my life went back to the way it was, with new friends. But one day, I met Anna at the market. She was my classmate from 3rd grade. She told me that Sally wasn’t the one who brought my secrets to light. Mary was. Mary was our school’s big mouth who always wanted to stick her nose into other people’s business. I was all at sea (不知所措). I wished I could have asked Sally about this. I wished I could go back in time and fix my mistakes. From that, I learned a life lesson that we should trust those we love because one little mistake could really damage our lives. 1．What does the underlined part “spill the beans” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Speak ill of others. B．Speak out one’s heart. C．Use up the beans. D．Give away others’ secrets. 2．What did the author do after her secrets were brought to light? A．She called Sally to ask why. B．She changed to a new school. C．She told Sally’s secrets to others. D．She tried to forget about it. 3．How did the author feel after she found out the truth? A．Regretful. B．Annoyed. C．Moved. D．Disappointed. 4．What lesson does the author learn from this experience? A．It’s better late than never. B．We must keep our personal life private. C．Mistakes are the stepping stones to wisdom. D．It’s important to have confidence in our loved ones. The philosopher Aristotle said, “Wishing to be friends is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening (成熟) fruit.” Friendship is important for humans, but it takes time to develop a friendship. Friendship can be neglected easily. According to the Gallup Organization’s director, Tom Rath, we usually realize the value of friendship during difficult times. In his book, Vital Friends: The People You Can’t Afford To Live Without, Rath makes the point that if you ask people why they become homeless, why their marriage fails or why they overeat, they often say it is because of the poor quality of friendship. They feel unloved. Rath undertook a lot of study on friendship. His work resulted in some surprising statistics (统计数据): If your best friend eats healthily, you are five times more likely to have a healthy diet. Married people say friendship is more than five times as important as physical intimacy (亲密关系) within marriage. Those who say they have no real friends at work have only a one-in-twelve chance of feeling engaged in their job. On the contrary, if you have a “best friend at work”, you are seven times more likely to feel engaged in your job. British writer Mark Vernon found support for this idea. Oscar Wilde also supported the selfless aspect of true friendship when he said, “Anybody can feel sorry for the sufferings of a friend, but it needs a very fine nature to enjoy a friend’s success.” In his search for the essence (本质) of friendship, Vernon explored a lot of words from well-known people. For example, Ralph Emerson said, “A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere.” Vernon’s book, The Philosophy of Friendship, makes the point that we have now known that money does not buy happiness. He suggests that we learn from Aristotle and spend at least a fifth of our time with our friends. 1．Aristotle’s words are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show _______. A．friendship gets broken easily. B．friendship cannot be created quickly. C．friendship has positive influences on humans. D．friendship normally doesn’t exist between men and women. 2．What does the underlined word “neglected” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．ignored. B．misunderstood. C．remembered. D．cheated. 3．According to Tom Rath, many people’s problems are caused by ________. A．the bad health conditions. B．the friendship of poor quality. C．the bad work environment. D．the stress from their family. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The benefits of friendship. B．The tips on choosing friends. C．The importance of friendship. D．The different opinions on friendship. Researchers in Australia, who studied 1, 500 people and their lifestyles, have found that having good friends can help you live longer. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, also found that if you make more friends than the average (普通的) person at school, you’ll receive a higher salary (工资) in later life. People need good social skills at work to manage people and work in a team successfully. These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. On average, teenagers aged between 15 and 17 have 500 “friends” on their favourite social networking site. Adults have 130. So if you believe this research, you might live for a long time and be very rich. However, according to Professor Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford, it probably won’t make any difference. Dunbar studied the number of messages between users of a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2,000 friends. He found that they always communicate with a maximum (最大量) of 150 people. Among these 150, Dunbar believes that around five people are close friends. You’ve most likely known them for a long time; they are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them. Then there are ten more friends. Although they’re close to you, you may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest. You aren’t close. And finally, there’s a large group of 100. You see or speak to these people at least once a year, but you don’t know them well. Beyond this number, Dunbar says, it’s impossible to make any relationship meaningful. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this experiment: First take away anyone you haven’t been in touch with for a year. Then remove people you can’t remember and, finally, take away friends who you wouldn’t mind losing touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. 1．What are the studies in the first paragraph mainly about? A．The number of friends you should have. B．The advantages of having a lot of friends. C．Some social skills you may need at work. D．Some useful advice on how to make friends. 2．What is Robin Dunbar’s attitude towards the studies? A．Careless. B．Hopeful. C．Unclear. D．Unfavourable. 3．What does the text mainly want to show? A．You need to spend more time with your friends. B．Friends are sometimes more important than family. C．There is a lot of research on the influence of friends. D．It’s more important to have good friends than lots of friends. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Lifestyle. B．Education. C．Nature. D．Technology. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $