主谓一致语法 导学案-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接语法复习专项

2025-2026学年第一学期高一直升班语法系列 主谓一致自主学习讲义 编写人：林天瑀 2025.11.6 1、 形式及定义 谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致，称为主谓一致。 2、 主谓一致基本原则 1. 语法一致 语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 Eg. Time _____ money.时间就是金钱 Carrots _____ delicious.胡萝卜很美味 答案：is； are 2. 意义一致 语意上保持主谓一致：谓语动词的单复数是以主语所表达的单复数概念而定的。即主语形式上为单数，但意义上是复数那么谓语动词也用复数。主语形式上为复数，意义上是单数，谓语动词根据意义也用单数。 Eg. He is one of the students who _____ passed the exam.他是通过考试的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who _____ passed the exam.他是唯一一个通过考试的学生。 答案：have； has 3. 就近原则、就远原则 ① 就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。 用于这种情况的有 or或者，either……or要么..要么，neither…nor既不...也不，not only…but also不但...而且，not…but不是...而是；there be; here be Eg.1.Not the advanced software but the improper settings ______ led to the system crash during the important meeting.（have/has） 2.Neither the research team nor their leader ______ confident about achieving the project goals within the limited time.（be） 3.There ______ a collection of ancient coins, a rare manuscript, and several historical photos in the newly opened exhibition hall.（be） 4.Not only the graduates from top universities but also the experienced professionals ______ struggling to pass the strict qualification exam.（be） 5.Here ______ the detailed rules for the competition, along with a list of judges and the scoring standards.（be） 答案：1. has 2. is 3. is 4. are 5. are settings 用法： ② 就远原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最远的主语保持一致。 具有此用法的有with, along with, together with, combined with, as well as,（五和 [有with的]） , but, except, besides, in addition to（四除了） , like(好像), including（包括）, rather than, instead of(2个而不是), no less than（不少于）, as much as(和...一样多) Eg. 1.The lead singer, together with her backup dancers, ______ to perform at the charity gala next weekend.（plan） 2.All the lab equipment, except the outdated microscope, ______ regular maintenance every month.（require） 3.His academic achievements, as well as his modest attitude, ______ him widespread respect in the field.（earn） 4.The local government, rather than private enterprises, ______ the main responsibility for improving public transportation.（bear） 5.These traditional customs, including some rarely practiced rituals, ______ for centuries in the mountain village.（survive） 6.The new regulations, instead of the temporary measures, ______ the rising housing prices effectively.（curb） 7.A team of experts, combined with several experienced technicians, ______ on the project recently.（work） 8.No less than five famous authors, besides the young novelist, ______ essays for this literary magazine.（contribute） 答案：1.plans; 2.requires; 3.earn; 4.bears; 5.have survived; 6.curb; 7.has worked; 8.contribute team用法： 3、 谓语动词用单数的情况 1. 第三人称单数；可数名单；不可数名；不定代词 作主语 Eg.①Each of the rare plants ______ strict temperature control to survive.（need） ②Nothing about the incident ______ enough to convince the investigators.（be） ③A collection of ancient poems ______ the essence of traditional literature.（convey） ④Much of the evidence ______ contradictory and needs verification.（seem） ⑤Everyone involved ______ a unique set of useful skills.（possess） 答案：1. needs 2. is 3. conveys 4. seems 5. possesses 2. 单个从句、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词)作主语 Eg.①What the researcher discovered in the experiment ______ a breakthrough in medical science.（prove） ②To balance work and personal life ______ a lifelong skill for many professionals.（require） ③How the team will tackle the technical problem ______ still under discussion.（be） ④Collecting rare stamps from different eras ______ his greatest passion since childhood.（be） ⑤Why she declined the generous offer ______ a mystery to all her colleagues.（remain） 答案：1. proves 2. requires 3. is 4. is 5. remains 3. 表时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度的词作主语 Eg.①Two thousand dollars ______ not a small sum for the low-income family.（be） ②Three hours of intensive training ______ enough to master the basic skill.（prove） ③Five kilometers ______ the maximum distance she can run without stopping.（be） ④Two tons of steel ______ required to complete the small construction project.（be） ⑤Ten years ______ passed since they first met at the university campus.（have/has） 答案：1. is 2. proves 3. is 4. is 5. has 4. 具有“同一”，“单一”意义的词。 ① 同一：同一个人、同一件事物 如the singer and writer歌手兼作家； Eg. The singer and writer______ produced many works recently. The singer and the writer ______ produced many works recently. A knife and fork ______ easy for English people. 答案：has; have; is ②单一：书名，剧名，国名，机构等专有名词。 Eg. The United States______ in North America. One Thousand And One Night ______ people lots of folk tales. 答案：is ; tells ③形复意单 以-s结尾的单词, 如news, maths, politics, physics, economics, statistics...等表示新闻、学科 Physics is my favorite subject.物理是我最喜欢的学科。 5.以下固定用法，谓语动词用单数： 1　 many a+单数名词（许多） 2　 more than one+单数名词（不止一个） 3　 the whole+单名 整个，全 4　 either+单名 （两者中）任何一个；每个 5　 neither+单名 两者都不 6　 each/every+单名 每个 7　 each of+复名 8　 each one of+复名 every one of+复名 每个 9　 each/every/many a/no/either/neither+单名1 +and each/every/many a/no/either/neither+单名2 Eg. (1)Many a young artist ______ inspiration from nature for their creations.（draw） (2)More than one ancient tradition ______ through generations in this small town.（survive） (3)Each of the old letters ______ a unique story about the past.（tell） (4)The whole community ______ together to clean up the park since last weekend.（work） (5)Neither candidate ______ the complicated details of the proposal clearly.（explain） 答案：1. draws 2. survives 3. tells 4. has worked 5. explains 四、谓语动词为复数 1. 两个单数主语用and或both…and…，连接起来，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数 Both coffee and milk tea are sell well. 2. the+adj 表“一类人”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of here. · 一类人 高一直升班语法讲义系列之主谓一致 第 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 the dead 死者 the blind盲人 the dead 聋人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者 the ugly 丑陋的东西 the elderly 老年人；长者 3. clothes 、shoes 、trousers、pants、jeans、glasses 、scissors等表示成双的东西的名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数形式。 但是，当这些名词前有表示数量的pair时，要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 即a pair of +复名 （一双，一对） 谓动用单 two pairs of +复名 （两双，两对） 谓动用复 Eg. ①These old trousers, along with a few shirts, ______ well despite being worn for years.（hold） ②Not only a pair of new jeans but also two pairs of shorts ______ ideal for the upcoming camping trip.（suit） ③The scissors on the counter ______ sharply, but this pair of nail clippers ______ blunt and needs sharpening.（cut；feel） 答案：hold； suit； cut feels 5、 谓语动词视情况而定 1.集体名词作主语如family, team, class, crowd, group, government, company, police, public, audience， 如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式; 如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 The family are all fond of football.这一家人都喜欢足球 The family is the smallest unit of society.家是社会最小的单位 2.单复同形sheep，deer、fish、crossroads（十字路口）、Chinese、Japanese、series（系列）,means（方法，手段） 当他们被单数限定词a，every，this，that等修饰时，谓语用单数。 当他们被复数限定词all，these，those等修饰时，谓语用复数。 Every means has been tried.每个方法都试过了。 All means have been tried.所有方法都试过了。 3.all作主语指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。 All are here and all is ready所有人都到了，一切准备就绪 4.主语中的名词或代词由分数、百分数或some of、most of、all of、the rest of，half of、a lot of/lots of, part of等短语修饰时，谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定 Eg.①Two-thirds of the manuscript ______ revised, but half of the footnotes ______ still need checking for accuracy.（complete） ②Most of the volunteers ______ （participate）actively in community service, while some of the funding ______ recently out. （run） ③A large part of the forest ______ （damage）by the storm last year, and the rest of the trees ______ now being replanted（be）. ④Sixty percent of the students ______ （support）the new teaching method, but all of the feedback ______ already carefully (analyze) by the school. ⑤Lots of the old documents _______ （destroy）in the fire, but a third of the archives __________ successfully (rescue) by the staff. 答案：①has been completed；have ②participate；has run ③was damaged；are ④support；has been analyzed ⑤were destroyed；were rescued 5.“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of+名词”和“名词+of this kind”等以及由与kind意义相似的type, sort, species，portion，series等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词要与of前的名词在数上保持一致。 A new kind of game is popular with young people. 一种新的游戏受到年轻人的欢迎。 This kind of questions is very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。 Questions of this kind are very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。 Many kinds of pears are on sale in that shop. 各种各样的梨在那家商店出售 6.a number of+nc复(许多，一些）作主语，谓语动词用复数， 但the number of+nc复（...的数量）作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Eg.① A number of experienced engineers, along with the project manager, ______ （have）already submitted their proposals, but the number of feasible solutions ______ （be）surprisingly low according to the initial evaluation. ②The number of students applying for the exchange program ______ increased by 30% this year, while a number of applicants ______ been rejected due to insufficient language proficiency.（have；have） 答案：① have；is ② has；have 7.许多，大量 a (large/great/good) deal of, a (large/great/good) amount of, (large/great/good)quantities of +nu a large deal of=a large amount of+nu作主语，谓语动词用单数， 但large amounts of+nu...作主语，谓语动词用复数 A great deal of time was wasted playing. Large amounts of time were wasted playing. 8.许多，大量 a (large/great/good) quantity of, (large/great/good)quantities of +nc复或nu a quantity of后的谓语动词用单数； quantities of后的谓语动词用复数形式 A large quantity of money has been earned through this show.通过这个节目我大赚了一笔 Large quantities of money have been earned through this show. 9.定语从句中的主谓一致 ①定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应视先行词的单复数而定。 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. The man who is speaking at the meeting is our teacher. ②意义一致 (1) 在”one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”定从谓语动词应使用复数形式， He is one of the teachers in our school who know Japanese. (2) 在”the only/ the very/ the one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”定从谓语动词应使用单数形式， He is the only one of the teachers in our school who knows Janpanese. (3) 在”not the only/ the very/ the one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”定从谓语动词应使用复数形式 He is not the only one of the teachers in our school who know Janpanese.他不是我们学校唯一了解日语的老师之一（了解日语的不止他一个人） Eg.①This is not the only one of the newly launched apps that ______ frequent glitches when used on older smartphones.（encounter） ②He is the very one of the candidates who ______ both professional expertise and practical experience required for the position.（possess） ③These are one of the rare historical records that ______ direct evidence of the ancient trade route between the two civilizations.（provide） 答案：①encounter ②possesses ③provide $2025-2026学年第一学期高一直升班语法系列 主谓一致自主学习讲义 编写人：林天瑀 2025.11.6 1、 形式及定义 谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致，称为主谓一致。 2、 主谓一致基本原则 1. 语法一致 语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 Eg. Time _____ money.时间就是金钱 Carrots _____ delicious.胡萝卜很美味 2. 意义一致 语意上保持主谓一致：谓语动词的单复数是以主语所表达的单复数概念而定的。即主语形式上为单数，但意义上是复数那么谓语动词也用复数。主语形式上为复数，意义上是单数，谓语动词根据意义也用单数。 Eg. He is one of the students who _____ passed the exam.他是通过考试的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who _____ passed the exam.他是唯一一个通过考试的学生。 3. 就近原则、就远原则 ① 就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。 用于这种情况的有 or或者，either……or要么..要么，neither…nor既不...也不，not only…but also不但...而且，not…but不是...而是；there be; here be Eg.1.Not the advanced software but the improper settings ______ led to the system crash during the important meeting.（have/has） 2.Neither the research team nor their leader ______ confident about achieving the project goals within the limited time.（be） 3.There ______ a collection of ancient coins, a rare manuscript, and several historical photos in the newly opened exhibition hall.（be） 4.Not only the graduates from top universities but also the experienced professionals ______ struggling to pass the strict qualification exam.（be） 5.Here ______ the detailed rules for the competition, along with a list of judges and the scoring standards.（be） settings 用法： ② 就远原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最远的主语保持一致。 具有此用法的有with, along with, together with, combined with, as well as,（五和 [有with的]） , but, except, besides, in addition to（四除了） , like(好像), including（包括）, rather than, instead of(2个而不是), no less than（不少于）, as much as(和...一样多) Eg. 1.The lead singer, together with her backup dancers, ______ to perform at the charity gala next weekend.（plan） 2.All the lab equipment, except the outdated microscope, ______ regular maintenance every month.（require） 3.His academic achievements, as well as his modest attitude, ______ him widespread respect in the field.（earn） 4.The local government, rather than private enterprises, ______ the main responsibility for improving public transportation.（bear） 5.These traditional customs, including some rarely practiced rituals, ______ for centuries in the mountain village.（survive） 6.The new regulations, instead of the temporary measures, ______ the rising housing prices effectively.（curb） 7.A team of experts, combined with several experienced technicians, ______ on the project recently.（work） 8.No less than five famous authors, besides the young novelist, ______ essays for this literary magazine.（contribute） team用法： 3、 谓语动词用单数的情况 1. 第三人称单数；可数名单；不可数名；不定代词 作主语 Eg.①Each of the rare plants ______ strict temperature control to survive.（need） ②Nothing about the incident ______ enough to convince the investigators.（be） ③A collection of ancient poems ______ the essence of traditional literature.（convey） ④Much of the evidence ______ contradictory and needs verification.（seem） ⑤Everyone involved ______ a unique set of useful skills.（possess） 2. 单个从句、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词)作主语 Eg.①What the researcher discovered in the experiment ______ a breakthrough in medical science.（prove） ②To balance work and personal life ______ a lifelong skill for many professionals.（require） ③How the team will tackle the technical problem ______ still under discussion.（be） ④Collecting rare stamps from different eras ______ his greatest passion since childhood.（be） ⑤Why she declined the generous offer ______ a mystery to all her colleagues.（remain） 3. 表时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度的词作主语 Eg.①Two thousand dollars ______ not a small sum for the low-income family.（be） ②Three hours of intensive training ______ enough to master the basic skill.（prove） ③Five kilometers ______ the maximum distance she can run without stopping.（be） ④Two tons of steel ______ required to complete the small construction project.（be） ⑤Ten years ______ passed since they first met at the university campus.（have/has） 4. 具有“同一”，“单一”意义的词。 ① 同一：同一个人、同一件事物 如the singer and writer歌手兼作家； Eg. The singer and writer______ produced many works recently. The singer and the writer ______ produced many works recently. A knife and fork ______ easy for English people. ②单一：书名，剧名，国名，机构等专有名词。 Eg. The United States______ in North America. One Thousand And One Night ______ people lots of folk tales. ③形复意单 以-s结尾的单词, 如news, maths, politics, physics, economics, statistics...等表示新闻、学科 Physics is my favorite subject.物理是我最喜欢的学科。 5.以下固定用法，谓语动词用单数： 1　 many a+单数名词（许多） 2　 more than one+单数名词（不止一个） 3　 the whole+单名 整个，全 4　 either+单名 （两者中）任何一个；每个 5　 neither+单名 两者都不 6　 each/every+单名 每个 7　 each of+复名 8　 each one of+复名 every one of+复名 每个 9　 each/every/many a/no/either/neither+单名1 +and each/every/many a/no/either/neither+单名2 Eg. (1)Many a young artist ______ inspiration from nature for their creations.（draw） (2)More than one ancient tradition ______ through generations in this small town.（survive） (3)Each of the old letters ______ a unique story about the past.（tell） (4)The whole community ______ together to clean up the park since last weekend.（work） (5)Neither candidate ______ the complicated details of the proposal clearly.（explain） 四、谓语动词为复数 1. 两个单数主语用and或both…and…，连接起来，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数 Both coffee and milk tea are sell well. 2. the+adj 表“一类人”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of here. · 一类人 高一直升班语法讲义系列之主谓一致 第 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 the dead 死者 the blind盲人 the dead 聋人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者 the ugly 丑陋的东西 the elderly 老年人；长者 3. clothes 、shoes 、trousers、pants、jeans、glasses 、scissors等表示成双的东西的名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数形式。 但是，当这些名词前有表示数量的pair时，要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 即a pair of +复名 （一双，一对） 谓动用单 two pairs of +复名 （两双，两对） 谓动用复 Eg. ①These old trousers, along with a few shirts, ______ well despite being worn for years.（hold） ②Not only a pair of new jeans but also two pairs of shorts ______ ideal for the upcoming camping trip.（suit） ③The scissors on the counter ______ sharply, but this pair of nail clippers ______ blunt and needs sharpening.（cut；feel） 5、 谓语动词视情况而定 1.集体名词作主语如family, team, class, crowd, group, government, company, police, public, audience， 如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式; 如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 The family are all fond of football.这一家人都喜欢足球 The family is the smallest unit of society.家是社会最小的单位 2.单复同形sheep，deer、fish、crossroads（十字路口）、Chinese、Japanese、series（系列）,means（方法，手段） 当他们被单数限定词a，every，this，that等修饰时，谓语用单数。 当他们被复数限定词all，these，those等修饰时，谓语用复数。 Every means has been tried.每个方法都试过了。 All means have been tried.所有方法都试过了。 3.all作主语指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。 All are here and all is ready所有人都到了，一切准备就绪 4.主语中的名词或代词由分数、百分数或some of、most of、all of、the rest of，half of、a lot of/lots of, part of等短语修饰时，谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定 Eg.①Two-thirds of the manuscript ______ revised, but half of the footnotes ______ still need checking for accuracy.（complete） ②Most of the volunteers ______ （participate）actively in community service, while some of the funding ______ recently out. （run） ③A large part of the forest ______ （damage）by the storm last year, and the rest of the trees ______ now being replanted（be）. ④Sixty percent of the students ______ （support）the new teaching method, but all of the feedback ______ already carefully (analyze) by the school. ⑤Lots of the old documents _______ （destroy）in the fire, but a third of the archives __________ successfully (rescue) by the staff. 5.“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of+名词”和“名词+of this kind”等以及由与kind意义相似的type, sort, species，portion，series等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词要与of前的名词在数上保持一致。 A new kind of game is popular with young people. 一种新的游戏受到年轻人的欢迎。 This kind of questions is very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。 Questions of this kind are very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。 Many kinds of pears are on sale in that shop. 各种各样的梨在那家商店出售 6.a number of+nc复(许多，一些）作主语，谓语动词用复数， 但the number of+nc复（...的数量）作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Eg.① A number of experienced engineers, along with the project manager, ______ （have）already submitted their proposals, but the number of feasible solutions ______ （be）surprisingly low according to the initial evaluation. ②The number of students applying for the exchange program ______ increased by 30% this year, while a number of applicants ______ been rejected due to insufficient language proficiency.（have；have） 7.许多，大量 a (large/great/good) deal of, a (large/great/good) amount of, (large/great/good)quantities of +nu a large deal of=a large amount of+nu作主语，谓语动词用单数， 但large amounts of+nu...作主语，谓语动词用复数 A great deal of time was wasted playing. Large amounts of time were wasted playing. 8.许多，大量 a (large/great/good) quantity of, (large/great/good)quantities of +nc复或nu a quantity of后的谓语动词用单数； quantities of后的谓语动词用复数形式 A large quantity of money has been earned through this show.通过这个节目我大赚了一笔 Large quantities of money have been earned through this show. 9.定语从句中的主谓一致 ①定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应视先行词的单复数而定。 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. The man who is speaking at the meeting is our teacher. ②意义一致 (1) 在”one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”定从谓语动词应使用复数形式， He is one of the teachers in our school who know Japanese. (2) 在”the only/ the very/ the one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”定从谓语动词应使用单数形式， He is the only one of the teachers in our school who knows Janpanese. (3) 在”not the only/ the very/ the one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”定从谓语动词应使用复数形式 He is not the only one of the teachers in our school who know Janpanese.他不是我们学校唯一了解日语的老师之一（了解日语的不止他一个人） Eg.①This is not the only one of the newly launched apps that ______ frequent glitches when used on older smartphones.（encounter） ②He is the very one of the candidates who ______ both professional expertise and practical experience required for the position.（possess） ③These are one of the rare historical records that ______ direct evidence of the ancient trade route between the two civilizations.（provide） $