Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Reading for WritingAssessingYourProgress&VideoTime-【重难点手册】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Section II Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress Video Time 教材原文解读 英汉互译·长难句分折 词汇·语法注释 The Daily News 每日新闻 TSUNAMI HITS ASIA:OVER 6,500 DEAD 海啸袭击亚洲：6500余人丧生 By Robert Woodhouse Monday,27 December 2004 罗伯特·伍德豪斯 星期一2004年12月27日 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused 昨天，40年来最强烈的地震引发了海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成 ①tsunami/tsur'nami/n.海啸 a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ②crash/kre/vt.&.vi.碰撞； 印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少4个其他国家6500多人 撞击n.撞车；碰撞 killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand, crash into撞上；冲入 死亡。 ③sweep away消灭；彻底消除 Malaysia,and at least four other countriesFishermen,tourists, sweep /swip/u.&vi.(swept, 渔民、游客、旅馆、住房 swept)打扫；清扫 ④wave/werv/n.海浪；波浪 hotels,homes,and cars were swept away by huge waves t.&wi.挥手；招手 和汽车都被9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走。 ⑤that引导定语从句，修饰the caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of strong earthquake。 6 strike/straik/ut.&.vi.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击； UNIT 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m.,Sunday off 击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击 周日早上7点左右在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸海域发生了 ⑦off作介词时可表示距离，尤 the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.In that area 指距离某一道路不远或靠近 海底地震。 仅该地区就有 某海面。 alone,at least 1,870 people were killed. ⑧at least至少 至少1870人丧生。 at most至多 1The most powerful earthquake...caused a tsunami that crashed into...yesterday,killing...people in...four other countries. 主语+谓语+宾语 that引导定语从句， 修饰a tsunami 现在分词短语作结果状语 155 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ In Sri Lanka,some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake ⑨some adv.大约；差不多 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1600千米处， centre,the number of deaths stood10 at 2,498,and one million ⑩stand vi..处于某种状态 死亡人数高达2498，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。 more were affected by the tsunami,government officials ①affect vt.影响 ②official n.官员adj.官方的； 正式的 said.Indian officials said as many ass 1,900 had been killed ③as many as多达（用于数字之 印度官员称，南部沿海地区有多达1900人丧生。 前) along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead ④此处是“find十宾语十宾语补 另外，泰国有254人死亡，其他3个国 语”结构的被动形式。 in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern 家还有54人丧生。 当地官员表示， Thailand,1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, 泰国南部有1900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。 local officials said."I was having breakfast with my three children “我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，突然海水开始 when5 water started filling my home.We had to leave everything 灌入屋内。 我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全 ⑤local adj.当地的n.当 地人 and run to safety,"said Chandra Theeravit,a local Thai 地带。” ⑥sb.be doing sth.when…某 泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说。 人正在做某事时（突然）… woman. Thousands of people are still missing,and the number of 仍有成千上万人失踪， 预计未来几天死亡人 ⑦even adv.更（程度副词） 常用的修饰比较级的程度副 deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. 词还有still、far、any、much等。 数还将增加。 ①⑧此处是现在进行时的被动语 态形式，其构成是be being Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. done。 (人们)目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。 ©it是形式宾语，形容词 difficult作宾语补语，后面的 However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it 不定式“to deliver.”是真正 然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，运送食物和补给物资将非常困难。 的宾语。 difficult to deliver food and supplies. ②⑩deliver/dr'lrva(r)/vt.&.vi. 递送；传达t.发表 156 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 语言要点精讲 要点1 crash 对点例析 (1)t.&.i.碰撞；撞击 单句写作 crash into闯入；撞到…上 例1-1（经典·全国高考Ⅱ 词块 阅读C·改编)名为“转变”的 be crashed into pieces被撞成碎片 这一飞行汽车现在正在进行 教材语境>The most powerful earthquake in the past40 years 碰撞测试，以确保它符合联邦 caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia 安全标准。 The Transition is now going yesterday .. through 0 昨天，40年来最强烈的地震引发了海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带… make sure it meets federal safety standards. (2)t.&.wi.撞碎；坠毁；（机器、系统等）崩溃；倒闭 例1-2(2024·1月浙江高 She angrily crashed the plates down on the floor. 考听力·改编)皮特沃特路因 她生气地把盘子摔在地板上。 一场车祸而封闭。 Pittwater Road is closed due The glass vase fell and crashed beside the cake.(2o21·3月天津 to 高考阅读B)玻璃花瓶掉下来碎在了蛋糕旁。 单句语法填空 Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday. 例13（经典·全国高考甲 卷阅读C·改编)The 昨天股票价格暴跌到了有史以来的最低纪录。 continuous (crash)of Files can be lost if the computer system suddenly crashes. skateboards left your head ringing. 要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就有可能丢失。 【答案与解析】 (3)n.撞车；碰撞；暴跌；倒闭 1-1 crash tests [acar/plane crash车祸/飞机失事 1-2 a car crash l-3 crashing句意：滑板不 crash site坠毁现场 词块 断碰撞的声音让你的脑袋嗡 crash barrier防撞护栏 嗡作响。 UNIT 微笔记 (a bank crash银行破产 要点2 sweep v.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫；扫视；掠过；席卷； 用sweep的相关短语完成 横扫；囊括n.打扫；挥动；广博的范围；广度 句子 sweep away消灭；彻底消除；扫除 例21（经典·全国高考Ⅲ 阅读B·改编)After the last sweep across横扫 movie ended yesterday, sweep through席卷；轻易通过 theater employees were busy 短语 popcorn sweep up打扫；清扫 and gathering coke cups. sweep out彻底扫除 2-2 John thought that he sweep over环视四周；涌上心头 would fail his driving test 157 铺重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ, 教材语境)Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars were again,but this time,to his swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that surprise,he 例2-3 Uncontrollable anger reached a magnitude of 9.0. Jim when he 渔民、游客、旅馆、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走。 learned how Mary had been A sudden feeling of grief swept all my anger away. treated. 【答案与解析】 一阵突如其来的悲伤使我怒气全消。 2-1 sweeping up/out 句 The weather forecast predicts that a cold front is about to sweep 意：昨天最后一场电影结束 across central and northern China tomorrow. 后，刷院的员工们忙着清扫爆 天气预报说明天冷锋将席卷中国中部和北部地区。 米花，收拾可乐杯子。 2-2 swept through In the meantime,the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of 2-3 swept over句意：当吉 broken bottles..在这期间，卡车司机不得不清扫几百个破瓶子。 姆知道了玛丽是如何被对待 When spring comes,we usually sweep out all the dirt from our 的时候，一股抑制不住的愤怒 garage.春天来临时，我们通常会彻底清扫我们车库中的灰尘。 涌上心头。 微笔记 A wave of panic swept over her.一阵惊恐袭上她的心头。 要点3 strike n.&y.(struck,struck/stricken) 单句语法填空 (1)t.击打；碰撞 例31（经典·全国高考Ⅲ 完形填空·改编)Just before He fell,striking his head on the edge of the table. September,Miller 他摔倒了，头撞在桌边上。 (strike)by a car and lost his (2)(灾难、疾病)侵袭；暴发 right arm. 3-2 The coal miners have 教材语境>The undersea quake struck around7:O0a.m.,Sunday been strike for several off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island. weeks now. 周日早上7点左右在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸海域发生了海底 例33（经典·江苏高考完 地震。 形填空·改编)Another patient noticed what I was The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera. reading and struck a 那一地区暴发了霍乱。 conversation with me because (3)t.使突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到（不用于进行时） he had one of his books with sth.strike sb./sb.be struck by sth. him as well. 完成句子 某人突然想到某事 搭配 例3-4（经典·全国高考Ⅱ It strikes sb.that.某人突然想到… 完形填空·改编) (相当于“It occurs to sb.that.”) (我突 然意识到)playing against It struck her that perhaps this was not the best time to put the other team was a great forward the subject. learning moment for all the 她突然想到这也许并不是提出这个话题的最佳时机。 girls on the team. 158 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS (4)给（某人以…）印象；让（某人）觉得（常和s搭配） 例3-5 A violent storm (袭击了)the area. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly 【答案与解析】 grasp any of the skills the author described..(北京高考阅读C) 31 was struck句意：就在 但令史密斯印象深刻的是，她没有真正掌握作者提到的任何技能。 九月前，米勒被一辆汽车撞 了，失去了右臂。 His comment struck me as strange.(全国高考乙卷阅读D) 3-2on句意：煤矿工人已 他的话让我觉得很奇怪。 罢工几个星期了。 33up句意：另一个病人 (5)vi.罢工 注意到我在看什么，就和我聊 搭配strike for sth.为了某事而罢工 了起来，因为他也带了一本他 (6)t.&wi.(时钟)敲，鸣，报时 的书。 3-4 It struck me that句 The church clock began to strike twelve. 意：我突然意识到，对于球队 教堂的钟开始敲响12点。 的所有女孩来说，和另一支队 进行比赛是一个很好的学习 词块strike up开始交谈；建立起（友谊）；开始演奏 机会。 (7)n.罢工；罢课；袭击；军事打击（尤指空袭）；击；打；踢 3-5(had)struck句意：一 场猛烈的暴风雨袭击了该 go on (a)strike 地区。 词块 举行罢工（不能和表示一段时间的状语连用） 微笔记 beon(a)strike在罢工 要点4并列连词when的用法 单句语法填空 when作并列连词时意为“这时突然；就在此刻”，表示一个动作正 例41（经典·天津高考单 选·改编)I was driving down 在进行的时候，突然发生了另一个动作。常用句型如下： to London I suddenly (I)“sb.was/were doing sth.when”表示“某人正在做某事时 found that I was on the wrong road. (突然)…” 例4-2(2023·1月浙江高 教材语境>I was having breakfast with my three children when 考读后续写·改编)】was standing by the car a water started filling my home. UNIT hummingbird flew to the 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，突然海水开始灌入屋内。 center of our group and began hovering. John was studying in his room when he heard a scream. 例4-3（2022·新高考全国 约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了一声尖叫。 Ⅱ语法填空)Henry (fix)his car when he heard (2)"sb.was going to do/was about to do/was on the point of the screams. doing…when”表示“某人正要做…时（突然）…” 单句写作 He was going to offer an explanation when she began to laugh. 例44我正要放弃，这时我 的父亲走过来鼓励我坚持 他正要给出解释，她却笑了起来。 下去。 I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came. my 我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。 159 铺重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ, She was on the point of leaving when I arrived. father came and encouraged me to keep going. 她正要离开时我到了。 【答案与解析】 (3)“had(just)done…when…”表示“刚刚做完…就…” 4-1 when句意：我正开车 去伦敦，我突然发现自己走错 In 2012,I had just recovered from a serious illness when I 路了。 received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, 4-2when句意：我正站在 车旁，一只蜂鸟突然飞到我们 Florida..(安徽高考完形填空) 中间，开始在空中盘旋。 2012年，我刚从一场大病中康复，这时我收到一个来自佛罗里达奥兰 43 was fixing句意：亨利 正在修车时突然听到尖叫声。 多的作家会议的邀请。 4-4 was about/going to give up when 要点5 单句语法填空 (1)t.&vi.递送；传达 例5-1(2025·1月浙江高 考七选五·改编)There'sno 搭配deliver…to把…交给/传递给 value in (deliver)any 教材语境)However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads kind of communication, whether written,spoken, will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. formal,or informal,if the 然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，运送食物和补给物资将非常困难。 message doesn't come across clearly. Jim Johnson,a mail carrier,was an institution in the leafy 例5-2（经典·浙江高考听 Westmoreland,Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods, 力·改编)I'll order one today and get it (deliver)to where he delivered much more than the mail.(2o25·1月高考适 you tomorrow. 应性测试阅读B) 例5-3（经典·天津高考阅 读A·改编)Via such 吉姆·约翰逊是一名邮递员，他在绿树成荫的威斯特摩兰、威斯特海 networks,libraries share 温和西奥弗山社区是一个有名的人，他在那里投递的不仅仅是邮件。 their books with each other through the use of Mr.Brown delivers milk to people in the neighborhood. (deliver)vehicles. 布朗先生给社区的人送牛奶。 【答案与解析】 (2)t.发表；宣布；发布 5-1 delivering句意：如果 信息传达不清楚，那么任何形 词块deliver a speech/lecture发表演讲 式的沟通，无论是书面的、口 (3)t.生（小孩）；给…接生 头的、正式的或非正式的，都 没有价值。 deliver a baby助产；接生 5-2 delivered句意：我今天 词块 be delivered of分娩；生孩子 订一个，明天给你送去。 53 delivery句意：通过这 She was delivered of a healthy boy last night. 样的（图书共享）网络，图书馆 她昨晚生了一个健康的男孩。 之间使用传送工具共享图书。 the use of后应跟名词，空处 拓展delivery n.传送；分娩 修饰vehicles,构成名词短语。 160 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. 微笔记 (2022·1月浙江高考阅读A) ■。。0 梅雷贝斯的宠物运送服务也满足了她的旅行癖。 。。。e。m。。。。。。。。。。。。。。n。。。。。。。。 要点6 effect n.影响；结果；效果；作用 单句语法填空 例6-1(2023·新高考全国 Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.(2o21·北京高 Ⅱ阅读D·改编)Besides, 考语法填空)梦可能是记忆产生的副作用。 working in the garden seems to have a calming effect have an effect on/upon对…有影响 Jaramillo's special education take effect开始起作用；开始产生效果 students. 例6-2(2025·1月浙江高 词块 come into effect生效；开始实施 考七选五·改编)Building in effect实际上；正在实行 (effect)communication skills takes time,but the with/without effect有/无效 (effect)are worth the More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a effort. 例63(2025·1月浙江高 positive effect on the risk of dementia.(2o22·l月浙江高考阅读C) 考七选五·改编)Here are (我们)还需要进行更多的研究，以了解改善健康状况是否能对预防患 some tips worth following in order to communicate more 痴呆症产生积极影响。 (effect). The new tax law will not take effect until January. 完成句子 新税法直到1月份才会生效。 例6-4 The new law (生效)from tomorrow. The contract will come into effect upon signature. 【答案与解析】 此合同将在签字后生效。 61on句意：此外，在花园 里工作似乎对贾拉米洛的特 His reply is in effect an apology. 殊教育学生有镇静作用。 UNIT 他的答复实际上是一种道款。 6-2 effective;effects A 意：培养有效的沟通技巧需要 拓展effective ad.有效的 时间，但结果值得（我们）付出 When people do things to increase their life satisfaction,they 努力。 6-3 effectively句意：为了 also make themselves more effective at work.(2022·6月淅江高 更有效地沟通，这里有一些值 考阅读C)当人们做一些事情来提高他们的生活满意度时，也使他们 得遵循的提示。 6-4 takes effect 自己的工作更高效。 微笔记 affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动（见本书P136) 比较 effort n.努力（见本书P146) 161 铺重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ, 单元写作指导 新闻报道 话题：学校活动 体裁：记叙文 话题词块 arouse our interest/curiosity 激发我们的兴趣/好奇心 常见活动： deepen our understanding of .../gain a deeper an English drama performance英语话剧表演 insight into加深我们对…的理解 a calligraphy exhibition书法展览 cultivate our passion/love for a seminar on career planning职业规划研讨会 培养我们对…的热爱 a class meeting班会 get us close to nature/expose/introduce us to a volunteer activity志愿者活动 让我们接近大自然/使我们接触… a poster design contest海报设计比赛 an environmental protection campaign环保运动 常用表达 an indoor commending ceremony室内表彰仪式 1.开头语 field trip研学 (1)Our school organized a "Getting to 活动目的与收获： know the plants around us"activity in the in order to do/aimed at doing/in an effort to do/ botanical garden last Sunday,which was in an attempt to do/for the purpose of/with the thought provoking and entertaining. aim of/with the objective of为了 (2)In an effort to relieve students'learning think/speak highly of.某人高度评价… pressure and enhance their physical and mental broaden/widen our horizons/view health,our school embarked on an appealing 拓宽我们的视野 field trip to Confucian Temple yesterday. promote friendship between ..and .. (3)In order to raise students'cultural 增进…与…的友谊 awareness and enrich school life,an activity raise one's awareness of提高某人的意识 themed "An Introduction to Quanzhou offer us an opportunity to do sth. Nanyin"was successfully held in our school 给我们提供做某事的机会 enable us to gain deeper insights into sth. last Saturday. 使我们更深入了解… 2.主体 relieve pressure//stress from缓解…的压力 (1)As scheduled,we gathered on the enrich our campus life/knowledge about playground at 8 a.m.and travelled to the 丰富我们的校园生活/关于…的知识 destination by bus. sharpen our skills磨炼我们的技能 (2)The visit began with a brief introduction equip us with necessary knowledge by the museum guide. 使我们具备必要知识 (3)On arriving at the destination,we boost/,build up our confidence增强我们的信心 were warmly greeted by a knowledgeable enhance/promote/foster our ability guide who took us through the museum, 提高/促进/培养我们的能力 providing insights into the historical artefacts 162 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS and their significance. 审题谋篇 (4)We explored various exhibits,ranging 应用文 from ancient artefacts to sculptures,which 体裁和主题 主题：新闻报道 活动报道 showcased the cultural heritage of our 人称：第三人称为主 ancestors 人称和时态 But what impressed me most was .. 时态：以一般过去时为主 The highlight came when .. 第一段：活动简要概述(when 3.评价或总结 where/who/what/why) (1)The activity turned out to be a rewarding 文章大纲 第二段：活动发生的主要细节 即活动内容 experience,from which we benefited a lot. 第三段：活动感受或评价 (2)The activity greatly won our favour/ 遣词造句 won wide popularity.By learning about the 1.词块翻译 struggles and challenges faced by previous generations,we were inspired,determined to ①丰富学生的课外活动 cherish our present life and strive hard to ②5千米越野跑 contribute to the progress of the city. ③从…挑选出 (3)This activity turned out/ended up to ④不遗余力 be an enormous success receiving enthusiastic ⑤捕捉令人激动的时刻 responses/feedbacks/with students thinking ⑥第一个通过终点线 highly of it. ⑦夺冠 (4)What a meaningful experience the ⑧接近大自然 activity was!The activity not only offered us (答案见“优秀范文”粗体词) students an opportunity to get exposed to this 2.句子写作 local art,but also stimulated our passion for ①为了丰富学生的课外活动，我们学校组 promoting Chinese traditional culture. 织了5千米越野跑比赛。 典型例题 (经典·新高考全国I)假定你是李华，上 周日你校举办了5千米越野赛跑活动。请你为 UNIT 校英文报写一篇报道。 ②比赛非常激烈，因为每个运动员都不遗 内容包括： 余力地快跑。 1.参加人员； 2.跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下； 3.活动反响。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 ③它不仅为我们提供了一个锻炼的机会， A Cross-Country Running Race 而且还让我们接近大自然。 (答案见“优秀范文”画线句) 163 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ, 优秀范文 A Cross-Country Running Race To enrich students'extra-curricular activities,our school hosted a 5-kilometer cross-country running race.Students from Grade 11 and 12 all took an active part in it. The participants,selected from various classes and grades,gathered at the school grounds at 2:00 p.m.and started running at the sound of the whistle.The competition was extremely fierce as every runner spared no effort to run fast.Along the route,volunteers applauded and cheered loudly for the runners,some raising their cameras to capture the exciting moment.Finally,a student from Class 17 crossed the finish line first,claiming the victory. This activity benefited us a lot.Not only did it provide a chance for us to exercise,but it also enabled us to get close to nature. 3 读后续写攻略 提升描写技能，拥有高分特质 篇能够打动阅卷人的续写文章离不开恰当的描写。细节描写、感官描写、动作描写、人物描 写、情绪描写等都是必不可少的描写方法，能让读者与写文章的人产生共情。提升描写的技巧 如下： 1.铺设动作，演绎情节； 2.巧用修辞，画其神韵； 3.多变句式，灵活生动。 典型例题 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 On a Sunday afternoon,Kiana French was having fun fishing with her father and younger sister on a boat,not knowing the next moment,they would struggle not to sink in the water. Their 12-foot boat was filling up with water little by little,and the wind was picking up.Her father,Gary French,hurried to operate the engine,while Kiana,16,was in the middle with Cierrah,her sister,who was frightened but still able to keep calm. Kiana asked Cierrah to take off one of her cowboy boots and use it to bail water out.Hard as she tried,that little effort would not help stop the boat from sinking.Moments later,the unthinkable happened.The boat was completely filled with water and then flipped over.Kiana and her sister were dumped in the water.Their father,who had undergone a surgery six months ago,managed not to be thrown into the water but seemed to have great pain in the chest due to the sudden change. Kiana quickly put on her life jacket and noticed that Cierrah's and her father's life jackets floating away.She reacted quickly to get them back and held her sister to the boat.They were 164