Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Discovering UsefulStructures&ListeningandTalking-【重难点手册】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ Section I Discovering Useful Structures Listening and Talking 语言要点精讲 要点1 supply 对点例析 (1)n.[U门供应；供给；补给 完成句子 in short supply供应不足 例1-1（经典·浙江高考语 词块 法填空·改编)Caffeine has a supply of一批；许多 caused a lot of concern because The worldwide supply of water needs careful management, it is one of the few drugs that especially in agriculture. show up regularly in our (食物供应). 全世界水的供应需要细心的管理，尤其在农业方面。 例1-2（2024·全国高考Ⅱ (2)n.[pl.]日用（必需）品（如食物、药品、办公用品）；补给物资 阅读C·改编)The innovative 教材语境>The supplies which were provided to the disaster area design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly were collected from around the country. (新鲜 向灾区提供的物资来自全国各地。 蔬菜的供应). 词块school supplies学习用品 单句语法填空 1-3 The rescue workers (3)vt.供应；供给；提供（所需物品） were loaded with blankets 搭配supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.tosb.给某人供应某物 and (supply)and We supplied them with money and clothes. climbed the mountain. 例1-4（经典·天津高考阅 我们给他们提供钱和衣服。 读A·改编)Many libraries For the biggest stadiums in the world,we have used data supplied will help you with locally (supply)information by the World Atlas list so far..(2o21·全国高考乙卷阅读A) about business management. 对于世界上最大的体育场馆，我们目前使用的是由“世界地图集”列表 【答案与解析】 提供的数据。 1-1 food supply句意：咖 啡因引起了很多关注，因为它 链接表达“给某人供应某物”还有以下短语： 是少数经常出现在我们食物 provide sb.(with)sth. provide sth.for/to sb. 供应中的药物之一。 offer sb.sth. offer sth.to sb. 1-2 supply of fresh greens/ vegetables句意：这种创新 拓展 supplier n.供应商；供应者 的设计几乎不费力就能实现 辨析 offer,providesupply 每周新鲜蔬菜的可靠供应。 l-3 supplies句意：救援人 offer sb.sth. offer 自愿给予；主动提出 员背着毯子和日用品向山上 offer sth.to sb. 爬去。 148 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 续表 l-4 supplied句意：许多图 书馆将帮助您获得本地提供 provide sb.with sth. provide 提供；供应；给予 的商业管理信息。空处用过 provide sth.for/to sb. 去分词作定语，表示被动， supply sb.with sth. locally修饰supplied, supply （尤指大量)供应；供给；提供 supply sth.to sb. 单句语法填空 要点2 survive 例2-1 A number of small companies have to fight for (1)t.幸存；艰难度过；比…活得长 (survive). 教材语境>She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.. 例22（经典·全国高考甲 她正在给地震中幸存的婴儿喂奶。 卷语法填空·改编)The You've got to learn to survive a defeat.That's when you develop Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that character..你学会在失败中求生之时就是你个性发展之时。 (survive)China's long history. 搭配survive sb.by十时间比某人多活多久 例2-3 Dogs have a very She survived her husband by 10 years.她比她的丈夫多活了十年。 good sense of smell and are (2)vi.生存；存活 often used to search for 搜寻 The world won't survive if this situation continues.(2o22·北京 (survive)in an earth 高考语法填空)如果这种情况继续下去，世界将不复存在。 quake. 完成句子 搭配survive from从.中存活survive on靠…维持生活 例2-4 Some interesting 拓展survival n.[U]幸存；生存；存活 customs survivor n.幸存者；生还者 (自古代就保存了下来). 词块survival of the fittest适者生存 【答案与解析】 构词 2-1 survival 名词后缀-al 2-2 has survived句意：西 规则 有些动词去掉e加上al后变成名词 安城墙是中国悠久历史上保 存下来的最完整的城墙。 survive→survival幸存 arrive→arrival到达 例词 2-3 survivors propose→proposal建议 approve→approval赞成 2-4 have survived from ancient UNIT time 要点3 calm 单句语法填空 (1)v.使平静；使镇静 例3-1（经典·北京高考七 搭配 calm(sb./sth.)down(使某人/某物)平静下来；镇静 选五·改编)They say it can play a big role in (calm) 下来 the brain enough to sleep. He took a deep breath to calm himself down. 例3-2(2025·1月全国高 他深呼一口气以使自已平静下来。 考适应性测试完形填空·改 (2)adj.（人)镇静的；沉着的；（湖、江面）平静的 )I found that watching her perform this ordinary task Her voice was surprisingly calm.她的声音出人意料地平静。 with such enthusiasm was The weather was fine and the lake was calm. both (calm)and 当时天气很好，湖面也很平静。 beautiful. 149 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ, 搭配 keep/remain/,stay calm保持冷静 完成句子 教材语境>Stay calm.保持镇静。 例33（经典·北京高考七 选五·改编)It involves(涉 It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(2022. 及)slow,steady(稳定的) 京高考七选五)它还帮助我们保持冷静并放松大脑。 breathing for self-control that calming adj..镇静的；平静的（描述具有安抚特性的 helps people (保持冷静) 事物或行为) and attentive. 拓展 {calming music平静的音乐 选词填空：calm/quiet/silent/stil calmly adv.安静地；平静地；冷静地 3-4 When facing danger, one should keep ； calmness.安静；冷静；沉着 when taken photos of,one 辨析 calm,quiet,silent still should keep when someone else is asleep,one calm “平静的；沉着的”，指无风浪或人的心情不激动 should keep when in “宁静的；安静的”，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼和 class,one shouldn't keep quiet about the teacher's 忧虑 questions. silent “寂静的；沉默的；不出声的”，指没有声音或不讲话 【答案与解析】 still “静止的；不动的；安静的”，指没有运动或动作的状态 3-1 calming句意：他们说， 它在使大脑平静到足以进入 要点4 aid 睡眠状态方面发挥着重要 作用。 (1)n.援助；帮助；救援物资 3-2 calming句意：我发现， first aid kit急救箱 看着她如此热情地完成这项 financial aid财政援助；助学金 普通的任务，既平静又美丽。 3-3 (to)keep/remain/stay do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid进行急救 词块 calm in aid of为了帮助… 3-4 calm;still;quiet;silent with the aid of在…的帮助下 单句语法填空 例41（经典·全国高考Ⅲ come/go to one'said帮助某人 阅读A·改编)Holker once (2)i.&.vt.帮助；援助 again opens its gardens aid sb.to do sth。帮助某人做某事 aid of the disadvantaged. 例4-2 We aided him in 搭配 aid sb.with sth,帮助某人（做）某事 (raise)the money. aid sb..in(doing)sth,帮助某人（做）某事 【答案与解析】 辨析 aid与help 41in句意：为了帮助弱势 群体，霍尔克再次开放花园。 aid 常指在危急或特殊情况下的“援助”或“资助” 4-2 raising句意：我们帮助 他筹款。 指各种帮助，可与with和不定式连用，不定式符号to可以 微笔记 help 省略 150 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 要点5 on hand现有（尤指帮助）；在场；在手边；待处理 完成句子 教材语境>Report to the class the safety instructions you listed 例5-1（经典·浙江高考完 形填空·改编)My mother and then explain what emergency supplies people should keep went back to the store and on hand.向全班报告你们列出的安全须知，然后解释人们应该随身携 gave the cashier(收银员)a 带哪些应急物品。 five-dollar bill to keep Our team of experts will be on hand to offer advice daily. (在手边)in case the 我们的专家小组每天随时提供建议。 same happened to someone else. 拓展含有hand的其他常用短语： 例5-2 Technology and busi- (1)hand作名词 ness strategy go at hand即将发生；在手边；可随时使用 (相辅相成). by hand用手工；用人力 例5-3 I'm supposed hand in hand手拉手；密切关联的 (已上 a first draft of my paper. give/lend sb.a hand帮助某人 【答案与解析】 in the hands of sb../in one's hands由某人处理 5-1 on/at hand on(the)one hand…,on the other hand.一方面…另一方 5-2 hand in hand 面…（相当于“for one thing.,for another.”) 5-3 to have handed in be supposed to do sth.意为“应 (2)hand作动词 该做某事”，此处表示“本应该 hand in上交；提交 hand out分发；散发 做某事而没有做”，故be hand down传给（后代） hand over交出；移交 supposed to后用“have十过去 hand sth,tosb.把某物递给某人 分词”。 语法要点精讲 UNIT 关系代词引导的定语从句 思维导图 定语从句、关系词和关系代词 用that而不用which的情况 who 指人 关系代词 用which而不用that的情况 whom 定语 的选择 从句 whose 关系代 指人或物 词的基 用who/whom而不用that的情况 that 本用法 指物或整 which 个句子 as 151 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ 要点1定语从句、关系词和关系代词概述 Maybe you have a habit which is driving 在复合句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词的 your family crazy.(关系代词which引导定语从 从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作 句，替代先行词habit,.在从句中作主语) 先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词 或许你有一个能将你的家人逼疯的习惯。 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制 The supplies which were provided to the 性定语从句（有逗号，主句与从句分开）。关系 disaster area were collected from around the 词不仅引导定语从句，同时还在定语从句中充 country.(关系代词which引导定语从句，替代先 当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关 行词supplies,在从句中作主语) 向灾区提供的物资来自全国各地。 系副词。关系代词有that、which、who、whom、 whose和as。关系副词有when、where和why. 3.wh0指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语， 作宾语时常可省略。 要点2关系代词的基本用法 Soon after the quakes,the army sent 关系代词代替前面的先行词，在定语从句 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those 中作主语、宾语或定语等，作宾语时常可省略。 who were trapped and to bury the dead,(关系 引导定语从句常见的关系代词有that、which、 代词who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，替代先 who、whom、whose、as。 行词those) 1.that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从 地震发生后不久，军队派遣了15万名士兵奔 句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。that 赴唐山，将受困的群众从废墟中抢救出来并埋葬 指人时常可以与who或whom互换，指物时常 死者。 可以与which互换。 4.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语时常 Eleven kilometres directly below the city, 可省略。但如果是“介词十whom”引导的定语 one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th 从句，则whom不可省略。 century had begun,a quake that even caused A doctor with whom James used to work damage more than 150 kilometres away in died in the20l6 earthquake in Ecuador.(关系 Beijing.(关系代词that引导定语从句，替代先行 代词whom引导定语从句，在从句中作介词with的 词a quake,在从句中作主语) 宾语，替代先行词A doctor) 在城市正下方11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重 曾与詹姆斯一起工作的一名医生在2016年的 的地震之一爆发了，150多千米外的北京甚至都遭 厄瓜多尔地震中去世。 到了这场地震的破坏。 5.whose的先行词既可指人也可指物， 2.which指物或代替整个句子，在定语从 whose在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于of 句中作主语或宾语。 which,指人时相当于of whom。 152 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Workers built shelters for survivors whose “这一点”。 homes had been destroyed.(关系代词whose引 He's not such a fool as he looks.(限制性定 导定语从句，在从句中作定语，替代先行词survivors) 语从句) 工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。 特别注意 As is usual with children,they soon got (I)which和that在定语从句中作主语 tired.(非限制性定语从句) 时不可省略，which在从句中紧跟在介词后 孩子们一贯如此，他们很快就厌倦了。 作宾语时不可省略。 辨析比较 (2)who在从句中作宾语时相当于 as和which引导定语从句的区别 whom,可换用，但是介词后只能用whom,并 which和as都可以引导非限制性定语从 且介词后的whom不可省略。 句，均可指代整个句子的内容。which引导 John invited about 40 people to his 非限制性定语从句，除了可指代整个句子外， wedding,most of whom are his family 还可指单个词，不能放在句首；as引导非限制 members.(whom作介词of的宾语，不可省略) 性定语从句，可在主句前，也可在主句后，有时 约翰邀请了大约40个人来参加他的婚礼， 还可插在句中。常用的结构有aswe(all) 其中大部分是他的家人。 (3)whose通常可用“the+名词十of know、as we can see、asis(well)known、as whom/which”或“of whom/which.the十 can be seen、as has been said before、as was mentioned above、as is often the case等。 名词”替换。 He has written a book whose name I've As we all know,he is a hard-working man.我们都知道他是一个勤劳的人。 forgotten. As everyone knows,the moon moves He has written a book,the name of around the earth. UNIT which I've forgotten. The moon moves around the earth, He has written a book,of which I've as everyone knows. forgotten the name. 大家都知道，月亮绕着地球转。 他写了一本书，我忘记了书的名字。 6.as用于引导限制性定语从句，主要与 要点3关系代词的选择 such、as、the same连用，意为“像…的”“凡 1.关系代词用that而不用which的情况 是…的”“…一类的人（物）”。as用于引导 (l)先行词为不定代词all、anything、 非限制性定语从句，根据情况可位于主句之前 nothing、everything、none、the one等或被不定 或之后，有时也可插在主句中间，意为“这件事” 代词修饰时 153 重难点手册高中英语必修第一册RJ Please send us all the information that (1)引导非限制性定语从句时 you have about the candidate for the position. Ted came for the weekend only wearing 请把你掌握的有关这名岗位候选人的所有信 some shorts and a T-shirt,which is a stupid 息发给我们。 thing to do in such weather. (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先 特德周末来时只穿着短裤和一件T恤，这种天 行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 气穿这样的衣服有点傻。 This is by far the most inspiring movie (2)当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词十关 that I have ever seen. 系代词”结构时 到目前为止，这是我看过的最鼓舞人心的 We live in an age in which more informa- 电影。 tion is available with greater ease than ever (3)先行词被the only、the very、.the last、 before. 我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息 the same等修饰时 的时代。 The only part of the meal that I really 3.关系代词用who/whom而不用that的 liked was the dessert. 情况 这顿饭我真正喜欢的只有甜点。 (1)all作先行词，且指人时 (4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名 All who have studied this question have 词时 come to the same conclusion. We often talk about the people and things 研究这个问题的所有人都得出了同样的结论。 that we remember. (2)先行词是those,且指人时 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 Those who want to go to the cinema will (5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊 have to wait at the gate of the school. 疑问句时 想去看电影的人必须在校门口等着。 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? (3)在there be结构中，先行词指人时 获得金牌的那个男孩是谁？ There is a young lady who asks for you. (6)定语从句中又包含定语从句时，其中一 有位年轻女士找你。 个已经用关系代词which.,另一个宜用that (4)先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one、 They secretly built a small factory,which the one、anyone、everyone、no one、all、nobody、 produced things that could cause pollution. anybody、everybody、somebody、none等 他们秘密地建了一座小工厂，其生产的产品会 The student you should learn from is the 造成污染。 one who works hard and studies well. 2.关系代词用which而不用that的情况 你应该向那位学习努力且成绩优异的学生 (一句话口诀：介词后、逗号后不可用that) 学习。 154