第09讲 阅读理解体裁与命题方向（复习讲义）（上海高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题09 阅读理解体裁与命题方向 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：细节理解（重点） 3 考点二：词义猜测 7 考点三：判断推理（重点） 11 考点四：主旨大意（难点） 16 实战精练与提升 20 考情解读 一、考试要求 上海高考英语阅读理解要求考生读懂书报杂志、网络文段及公告、说明、广告等各类文本，话题涵盖科技、文化、历史、环保、人物传记等多个领域。 在能力考查上，考生需具备以下能力： · 理解文章主旨要义，如概括人工智能应用及发展趋势类文章的核心内容； · 把握文中具体信息，像科技成果的特点、优势等； · 依据上下文推断单词和短语含义，例如通过语境猜测生僻科技词汇； · 作出简单判断和推理，如判断作者对某种现象的态度； · 理解文章基本结构，如段落间的逻辑关系； · 领会作者的意图、观点和态度，比如从论述方式和用词中体会对文化现象的评价。 题型方面，涵盖细节理解题（占比约 50%，需精准定位 + 同义转换）、推理判断题（基于文本逻辑合理推导）、主旨大意题（把握整体框架，可通过首尾段和各段首句归纳）、词义猜测题（依托语境逻辑或构词法解题）等。 命题趋势上，突出对考生思维能力的考查，文本呈现跨学科融合特点，如结合心理学与人工智能，同时融入时代性和中国文化元素，引导考生对社会、科技、文化等问题深入思考。 二、命题分析 语篇特征 - 类型多样：涵盖记叙文（成长叙事、跨文化交流）、说明文（科技前沿、生态保护）、议论文（社会议题思辨）、应用文（广告、报告摘要），近年新增多模态文本（如图表结合文章）。 - 话题前沿：聚焦科技伦理（如 AI 情感计算）、传统文化（非遗创新、海派文化）、社会热点（教育公平、后疫情时代适应），融入 “元宇宙”“碳足迹” 等新兴议题上海市教育考试院。 - 长度与复杂度：单篇长度约 300-800 词，嵌套长难句（含 3 个以上从句），学术词汇占比高（如四六级词汇 extinct、ecological），跨学科融合文本（如心理学 + 人工智能）要求多维度理解。 核心考查 - 题型分布：细节理解题占比约 50%（精准定位 + 同义替换），推理判断题约 30%（逻辑推导，避免过度联想），主旨大意题和词义猜测题各占 10% 左右。 - 能力导向： - 语言能力：词汇深度（一词多义、熟词僻义）、长难句解构（定语从句、非谓语作状语）。 - 思维品质：辩证分析（如科技发展利弊）、逻辑推理（如作者态度推断）、批判性思维（如提炼正反观点）。 命题特色 - 立德树人：渗透社会主义核心价值观，如环保意识（量化碳足迹）、社会责任感（慈善事业决策）、科技兴国（海草采矿技术）上海市教育考试院。 - 跨学科融合：文本涉及心理学、生态学、教育学等领域，如阅读 C 篇探讨 “情感计算的伦理争议”，要求综合多学科知识分析。 - 思辨性与开放性：设问强调辩证思维（如 “科技是否让传统技艺失去价值”），写作题允许多角度切入（如 “慢生活与快节奏平衡”）。 - 文化浸润：融入中国传统文化元素，引导文化传承与国际视野结合。 考点精讲 · 考点一：细节理解题 解题策略 1．直接信息题 2．间接信息题 3．概括、归纳信息题 细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。 【典例剖析】 【2025届上海市延安中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 Their anger about his work spread the conversation to people who anonymously (匿名地) and deliberately seek to upset others and start fights online — and one thing led to another, some of them began to abuse my friend harshly. “People are telling me to kill myself!” he told me, with desperation in his voice. He started worrying about being doxed. “Do I need private security? Maybe I should move.” Out of curiosity, I asked my friend how much time he was then spending on social media, monitoring all the abuse. “Pretty much all day,” he said. This made sense to him because he felt the severity of the situation demanded his full attention: A threat’s a threat, right? I made one simple suggestion: Delete the apps and stop interacting with social media for a week. He took my advice reluctantly, but over the next few days, he stopped thinking about the trouble so much. By the time he reopened the apps, he found those mean guys had largely moved on to new victims and targets. 1．What did those opponents of the author’s friend do? A．They showed a strong opposition against the controversial topic. B．They angrily and publicly opposed that friend’s argument. C．They deliberately and secretly triggered online fights. D．They resorted to merciless bullying of that friend. 3．What did that targeted man do to survive the attacks? A．He talked with his friends. B．He moved house immediately. C．He ignored the abuse temporarily. D．He opened the app once every week. 【答案】1．D 3．C 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Their anger about his work spread the conversation to people who anonymously (匿名地) and deliberately seek to upset others and start fights online — and one thing led to another, some of them began to abuse my friend harshly. “People are telling me to kill myself!” he told me, with desperation in his voice.(他们对他的行为的愤怒情绪将话题引向了那些匿名且蓄意在网上挑起事端、制造冲突的人群当中——由此引发了一系列事件，其中一些人开始对我朋友进行严厉的辱骂。“人们都在叫我自杀！”他带着绝望的语气对我说道)”可知，那些反对作者朋友的人对那位朋友进行了残酷的欺凌。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“I made one simple suggestion: Delete the apps and stop interacting with social media for a week. He took my advice reluctantly, but over the next few days, he stopped thinking about the trouble so much. By the time he reopened the apps, he found those mean guys had largely moved on to new victims and targets.(我提出了一个简单的建议：删除所有应用程序，并停止使用社交媒体一周。他很不情愿地接受了我的建议，但在接下来的几天里，他不再那么在意那些麻烦事了。等到他重新打开这些应用程序时，他发现那些恶毒的人大多已经转向了新的受害者和目标)”可知，那个被攻击的人暂时没有理会那些辱骂的话。故选 （2025·上海静安·二模） And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rocky enough to fascinate hikers — is just one of Juneau’s many natural attractions. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, you’re personally experiencing wild waters and sharp forested slopes. For hardcore hikers, its pull is hard to resist. 1．Which of the following item is Juneau’s major selling point to visitors? A．Cultural background. B．Development history. C．Natural attraction. D．Climate advantage. 【答案】1．C 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes.(而朱诺的自然魅力，及其众多风景名胜，是游客眼中朱诺最大的吸引力所在。)”可知，自然景观是朱诺的主要卖点。故选C项。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. 3．What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A．Make their own radio programmes. B．Discover more about themselves. C．Pursue a career in broadcasting. D．Hear each other more clearly. 【答案】 3．B 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people.(第一次，就像一个有视力的孩子看到自己在镜子或照片中的反应一样，我意识到自己是一个独立的人，存在于我的头脑之外，被其他人所体验。)”可知，录音机使作者更多地了解了自己。故选B项。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Geology, the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. 1．When did the word “geology” start to be commonly used in the English language? A．In 1735. B．In 1810. C．Around 1805. D．Around 1895. 【答案】1．C 1．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. (“地质学” 这个词在 1735 年出现在英语中，又过了大约 70 年才被普遍使用。)”可知，1735 年加上 70 年左右，大约是 1805 年，“地质学” 一词开始在英语中普遍使用。故选 C。 (2024·上海杨浦·一模） A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist. Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert. The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them. 56. The correct order of the events that happened is . ①The value of the coin was confirmed. ②A coin was unearthed in the field. ③The coin was on display at the British Museum. ④The coin was intended for sale. ⑤The coin caught the attention of a history expert. A. ①③②④ B. ②⑤①④ C. ②①⑤④③ D. ④②①③⑤ 【答案】56. B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。该金币是英国最早的金币之一，极具价值。因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，发现者可以拥有他。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. (在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。)”；第二段中“The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert.(这位侦探不知道这枚硬币有多罕见，直到他在社交媒体上发布了一张它的照片，被一位历史专家发现。)”以及倒数第二段中“The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. (这枚硬币特别珍贵，因为它是英国最早的金币之一。)”可知，正确顺序为该金币被发现，侦探将该硬币的图片放到网上，受到历史学家的关注，历史学家确认了该枚硬币的价值，它是英国最早的金币之一，该没金币当前将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。。故选B。 · 考点二：词义猜测题 解题策略 1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 2.根据同位关系进行猜测 3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测 4.根据因果关系进行猜测 5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测 7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测 【典例剖析】 【上海市静安区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研英语试题】 Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. 7．The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A．alternative B．fake C．rushed D．joint 【答案】 7．C 7．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Although not the cure — all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers. Although pigeons are socially paired, they live in groups of up to 500 birds and this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people. To ease conflicts with pigeons, managers have used several methods to prevent pigeon presence or reduce pigeon numbers. Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. 2．The word “congregation” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________. A．introduction B．gathering C．reproduction D．nesting 3．From the sentence “this approach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the approach ________. A．needs to be used repeatedly B．is not effective in the long run C．reduces pigeon numbers greatly D．works when pigeons multiply 【答案】 2．B 3．B 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers.(鸽子全年繁殖的能力导致城市中鸽子数量众多，这对城市野生动物管理人员来说是个问题。)”以及“they live in groups of up to 500 birds(它们生活在多达500只鸽子的群体中)”可知，鸽子繁殖能力强导致数量众多，且喜欢大量群体生活在一起，“this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people(这种持续的congregation可能会引起与人的相当大的冲突)”指的是鸽子持续性大量聚集在一起会引起与人的相当大的冲突，划线词意思congregation是“聚集”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. Further, many poisons are not species-specific and may harm other urban birds. Other programs aimed at reducing nest success involve removing the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs.(管理人员使用了致命的工具，如毒药。然而，这种方法通常不会产生持久的结果，因为剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速。此外，许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类)”可知，毒药会让剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速，而且许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类，由此可知这种方法从长远来看是无效的。故选B。 （2025年闵行一模） Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here's the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store —— one that wouldn't just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. 37. The phrase “the kicker” in paragraph 2 most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful 【答案】 37. B 【37 题详解】 词义猜测题。前文提到 “Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills.”（每年数百万吨衣服被丢弃，近一半最终进入垃圾填埋场），接着说 “the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion.”，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在 “每年大量衣服被丢弃” 的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。所以 “the kicker” 意思是意想不到且令人惊讶的事，答案选 B。 （2025年嘉定一模） I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. 37. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. 【答案】37. B 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. ‘Fine, but be careful,’ he said.(激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。‘很好，但要小心，’他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词意思是“得意的”。故选B。 （2025年崇明一模） The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. 44. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____. A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts 【答案】 44. A 44. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “nations within the tropical regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher - income, higher - emission countries” 可知，“a disconcerting disparity” 指的是对排放责任最小的贫穷国家在经济上遭受的损失最大，A 选项正确。B 选项理解错误，不是热带国家人们收入减少 60%，而是遭受的收入损失比高收入、高排放国家大 60%；C 选项和 D 选项文中未提及相关内容。所以答案是 A。 （2025年金山一模） Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-old who has followed decades of trying different diets and medications and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has become synonymous with celebrity weight loss. The effect is life-changing. 43. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 1? A. be keen on B. be equivalent to C. be suitable for D. be familiar with 【答案】43. B 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The effect is life-changing.(其效果是改变生活)”以及最后一段“Jennifer Blackburn has lost 16 kilograms (and kept it off). “I feel happier, more confident.” says Black burn, “It’s about much more than size-it’s like the weight is lifted off my shoulders.”(Jennifer Blackburn已经减掉了16公斤（并一直保持着）。“我感到更快乐，更自信。” Blackburn说：“这不仅仅是体型的问题——它就像卸下了我肩上的重担。”)”及倒数第二段“Despite all these, since loads of influencers have cheered their slimming successes on these drugs, it seems everybody wants to try them.(尽管如此，由于许多网红都为他们服用这些药物减肥成功而欢呼，似乎每个人都想尝试它们)”可知，Jennifer Blackburn因为服用Ozempic减掉了16公斤，且许多网红都服用药物成功，这种药物如今已经成为名人减肥的代名词。故划线词意思是“等同于，相当于”。故选B。 · 考点三：判断推理题 解题策略 推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。 · 立足原文内容：推理判断必须以文章内容为依据，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。仔细阅读文章，理解文章的主题、结构和细节信息，找出与题目相关的关键部分。 · 寻找线索和暗示：关注文章中的关键词、连接词、修辞手法等，这些可能是推理的重要线索。例如，“however”“therefore” 等连接词可以帮助我们理解作者的思路和观点变化；比喻、象征等修辞手法可能暗示作者的情感倾向。 · 分析逻辑关系：考虑文章中的因果、对比、类比等逻辑关系。如果文章提到某种现象是由某个原因引起的，那么在推理时可以依据这个因果关系进行推断；如果是对比不同事物的特点，就可以从对比中得出对这些事物的评价。 · 排除干扰选项：对于不符合原文逻辑和信息的选项要果断排除。有些选项可能本身内容正确，但与题目要求的推理判断无关；有些选项可能是过度推断，超出了原文所提供的范围。 【典例剖析】 【2025届上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学高三毕业考英语试题】 Take cancer treatment. In recent years, new drugs have emerged to control the side-effects experienced by people receiving chemotherapy. But Dr Saunders says that vomiting and nausea have not come down in cancer patients by as much as expected. Social learning may be responsible. “They’ll say, their mother-in-law had chemo twenty years ago and she was vomiting every single day,” Dr Saunders says. “Those kinds of long-held beliefs are influencing them now, even though the medical landscape has changed.” 16．Cancer treatment is mentioned in Para. 4 to show ______. A．vomiting and nausea are common negative outcomes B．the nocebo effect can lead to harmful results C．new drugs are ineffective in controlling the side effects D．the medical industry has undergone great changes 【答案】 16．B 16．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“In recent years, new drugs have emerged to control the side-effects experienced by people receiving chemotherapy. But Dr Saunders says that vomiting and nausea have not come down in cancer patients by as much as expected. Social learning may be responsible. “They’ll say, their mother-in-law had chemo twenty years ago and she was vomiting every single day,” Dr Saunders says. “Those kinds of long-held beliefs are influencing them now, even though the medical landscape has changed.”(近年来，控制化疗患者副作用的新药不断涌现。但桑德斯博士指出，癌症患者的呕吐和恶心症状降幅并未达到预期。社会学习可能要对此负责。“他们会说，他们二十年前做化疗的岳母每天都呕吐，”桑德斯博士说。“尽管医疗环境已经发生了变化，但这种长期存在的观念现在仍在影响着他们。”)”可知，尽管医疗环境已经发生了变化，但长期存在的信念现在仍在影响着他们，可推理出提到癌症治疗是为了说明反安慰剂效应可能导致有害的结果。故选B项。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. 4．According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A．It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B．It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C．It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D．It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. 【答案】 4．D 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio.(假期结束回到学校后，我迈出了播音员职业道路上的第一步。我很幸运，能和一群对录音机情有独钟、富有想象力和创造力的男孩在一起，没过多久，我们就开始制作自己的广播节目。我会拿着麦克风在学校里走来走去，用我在收音机里听到的声音的方式记录下我的想法。)”和最后一段的句子“Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist.(十年后，我凭借早期对声音的参与所获得的信心，走进了一家电台，希望把自己推销为一名广播记者。)”可知，录音机激发了作者对声音和广播的热情。故选D项。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. 3．What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. 【答案】 3．A 3．推理判断题。根据第五段的“Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.(此外，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，由于技术奇点本身的特殊性，预测其确切的时间线极其困难)”可推知，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模） Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in agriculture? A．Suspicious. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Concerned. 【答案】 4．B 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. (人工智能很可能只是一长串挑战中最新的一个，这些挑战将被适应能力强、精神充沛的农民所接受。任何能让我不用在收获季节日夜查看天气预报的事情都是好事。)”可知，作者对AI节省人力，如免于日夜查看天气预报积极评价，因此推断作者对人工智能在农业上的应用持乐观态度。故选B。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). 2．The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is _________. A．to illustrate that failure can lead to success B．to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C．to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D．to argue that failure is the main source of creativity 【答案】 2．B 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡).(同样，科学家在发现突破性的解决方案之前，可能会进行无数次失败的实验。例如，托马斯·爱迪生在发明灯泡之前曾说过，他的成功建立在“1000种行不通的方法”之上)”可推知，托马斯·爱迪生的例子是为了说明创造力需要坚持不懈的努力，即毅力对创造力至关重要。故选B。 （2025·上海长宁·二模） In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness in 2025 and the happiness you bring to others around you. 4．The main purpose of the passage is to ____. A．describe the author’s personal journey of self-discovery B．inspire readers to seek happiness as the book suggests C．explain the importance of setting goals in life D．promote sales of a particular self-help book 【答案】 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Gretchen Rubin的著作《The Happiness Project》及其核心理念。该书评从创作背景，书籍特点，具体内容方面进行了介绍，同时在末尾段落呼吁读者尝试书中方法。 4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness in 2025 and the happiness you bring to others around you. (在新的一年里，与其立下那些大概到二月就会放弃的新年决心，为何不试试鲁宾的“幸福计划”呢？这样，您很可能会在 2025 年感受到自身幸福的提升，也会给身边的人带来更多快乐。)”可知，作者在最后一段建议读者尝试书中方法，由此推知，其核心目的是激励读者实践书中的幸福追求方式。故选B项。 · 考点四：主旨大意题 解题策略 1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意) 2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题） · 寻找主题句法 · 位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述文章主旨；有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的作用；还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。 · 特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强、涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是 “Various effective measures have been taken to protect the environment in recent years.”。 · 归纳法 · 细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主旨。 · 注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息，同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍了科技对教育、医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。 · 关注关键词法 · 高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相关。例如，一篇文章多次出现 “AI（人工智能）”“machine learning（机器学习）”“big data（大数据）” 等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能技术及其相关应用的。 · 同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达，它们也有助于确定文章主旨。比如，除了 “AI” 之外，还出现了 “artificial intelligence technology” 等表达。 【典例剖析】 （2025·上海浦东新·二模）Yoshiko Abe is about to turn 89, but that hasn’t stopped her from going to the gym every day and trying the free-of-charge makeup course at her housing complex. “It was really helpful,” she said, smiling after putting on foundation and pink lipstick, something she hadn’t done in years. Japan is the fastest-aging society in the world, where more than a quarter of its population is 65 and older, at 36 million people. In about a decade, the percentage will be 33%. The market for older people is estimated to grow to more than 100 trillion yen ($650 billion) in size this year. No wonder the young-at-heart are an expanding community for business. ......... Yoshihiko Hotta, 85, the only man in the class of about 30 people, didn’t try the lipstick but happily put on the hand cream and went along with all the exercise routines. While acknowledging he felt something like aching legs, he declared firmly, “I don’t think age is relevant.” 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Seniors in Japan are well aware of group identity. B．The rise of Japan’s silver economy redefines aging. C．Experts appeal to seniors to remain mentally active. D．Makeup courses are popular with the young-at-heart in Japan. 【答案】 4．B 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了日本老龄化社会中，老年市场不断发展，针对老年人的商业不只是传统的医疗和养老院，还包括化妆课程、豪华邮轮、“老歌”摇滚音乐会等，而且老年人对这些很感兴趣，他们依然活跃，对潮流敏感，化妆等活动对他们的身心健康有积极作用，这重新定义了老龄化。B选项“The rise of Japan’s silver economy redefines aging”（日本银发经济的崛起重新定义了老龄化）能很好地概括文章主旨。故选B项。 （2025·上海青浦·二模） Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. Almost half of trial participants in America are now women (in the rest of the world it is still only 40%). America and Britain look likely to publish regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to involve them. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．There will be no bias in clinical testing very soon. B．Women used to be under-represented in clinical trials. C．Regulations on subjects in clinical trials have come into effect. D．Clinical trials are increasingly improving, thus attracting women. 【答案】 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了临床试验中代表性不足的问题及其改进措施，强调了扩大参与者范围对医疗进步的重要性。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. Almost half of trial participants in America are now women (in the rest of the world it is still only 40%). (幸运的是，临床试验的偏见可能正在改变。现在美国近一半的试验参与者是女性（在世界其他地区仍然只有40%）)”由此可推断出过去女性在临床试验中的参与比例是较低的，也就是女性过去在临床试验中的代表性不足。故选B项。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. 3．What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. 【答案】 3．A 3．推理判断题。根据第五段的“Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.(此外，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，由于技术奇点本身的特殊性，预测其确切的时间线极其困难)”可推知，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. .......... “Among” is the key word. Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. If Nobel Committee is now rewarding the contributions of AI, should it not also recognize the researchers whose results it learned from? 4．What might be the best title of this passage? A．AI takes over: the decline of traditional science B．AI dominates science: the end of human discovery C．Nobel Prizes question AI’s role in modern research D．Nobel Prizes highlight AI and teamwork in science 【答案】 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与计算机科学相关，引发了人们的抱怨，进而探讨了人工智能在科学研究中的作用以及诺贝尔奖在当今科学发展下所面临的问题，强调了科学研究中人工智能和团队合作的重要性。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades.(本周的诺贝尔物理学奖授予了两位帮助计算机像人类大脑一样“学习”的科学家。一天后，化学奖颁给了三位利用人工智能设计蛋白质和揭示分子结构的研究人员，这是一个困扰生物学家几十年的问题)”和最后一段“Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate(科学越来越是一种团队努力，这是一个美好而重要的现实，而诺贝尔奖以其严格的规则和类别，很难对此进行赞扬)”可知，文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与计算机科学相关，引发了人们的抱怨，进而探讨了人工智能在科学研究中的作用以及诺贝尔奖在当今科学发展下所面临的问题，强调了科学研究中人工智能和团队合作的重要性。D选项“诺贝尔奖凸显了人工智能和科学中的团队合作”为短文的最佳标题，故选 D。 实战训练 一、名校最新试题 Passage 01【新闻报道】 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷 On Nov. 28, the 12-year-old German shepherd named Bear was out for his first long walk following surgery as a birthday treat when he ran into a missing person in need of help in “dense undergrowth” near his walking path, according to a social media post from the nonprofit organization Thin Blue Paw Foundation. The nonprofit, whose mission is to support serving and retired police dogs nationwide, said the lost man was “confused, wet, and cold, and unable to get up” when the retired police dog came across him. “The man was a vulnerable missing person officers had been searching for without success,” the post read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cold” area before being led to safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, you’re a true hero, showing us that even in retirement, you can still save lives,” the organization wrote. “Happy Birthday, Bear!” The Guardian reported that Bear was on the casual walk that led to the missing man with his owner, Julia Pope, and “went into work mode” during the incident. The dog was in recovery at the time and on his first long walk since receiving surgery to remove two harmless tumors two weeks prior. Pope told the outlet that Bear “dragged” her to where the missing individual was. “I’m not sure he would have survived the night as it was extremely cold and almost dark at that point with no one else nearby,” Pope said of the lost man she and Bear found. The man was brought to local police and reunited with his loved ones. While he is retired from active duty with the Sussex police, Bear has been working as a wellbeing and support dog for police staff, reported The Guardian. He had another surgery in the summer of 2023. The Thin Blue Paw Foundation supported the dog during the surgery. Thin Blue Paw Trustee Kieran Stanbridge told The Guardian, “RPD Bear is a true hero — his training and instinct kicked in, and he managed to lead his owner, who is a former police officer, to the man who needed urgent help.” Stanbridge continued, “Thanks to Bear, the man received the help he needed from local officers, even in his retirement, he’s still saving lives.” 1．According to the passage, Bear ________. A．is a retired police dog which has just undergone an operation B．is a serving police dog whose duty is to rescue the homeless C．is supported by a non-profit organization to take on some paid jobs D．is adopted by a former police officer to accompany and safeguard her 2．The word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 most probably has the same meaning as “________”. A．content. B．weak. C．courageous. D．reliable. 3．Which of the following can be done by The Thin Blue Paw Foundation according to the passage? A．It helps the police dogs throughout the country. B．It pays for the rescue work done by police dogs. C．It provides financial support for dog adopters. D．It improves retired police officers’ wellbeing. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．A non-profit organization sponsors police dogs. B．Bear still enjoys acts of heroism in his senior years. C．A missing man was lucky enough to be rescued. D．Retired police dogs’ surgery impacts their wellbeing. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了退役警犬Bear在术后首次长时间散步时发现并救助失踪人员的事迹，同时介绍了支持警犬的非营利组织Thin Blue Paw Foundation。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On Nov. 28, the 12-year-old German shepherd named Bear was out for his first long walk following surgery as a birthday treat(11月28日，这只12岁名叫Bear的德国牧羊犬在术后首次长时间散步，作为生日犒赏)” 以及倒数第二段 “While he is retired from active duty with the Sussex police(它已从苏塞克斯警方退役)”可知，Bear 是一只刚经历手术且已退役的警犬。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The nonprofit, whose mission is to support serving and retired police dogs nationwide, said the lost man was “confused, wet, and cold, and unable to get up” when the retired police dog came across him. (这家非营利组织的使命是为全国现役及退役警犬提供支持。该组织称，当这只退役警犬发现那名失踪男子时，他‘神志不清、浑身湿透、冻得发抖，而且无法起身’)”可知，这些描述体现出该失踪男子的状况不佳，很虚弱，划线词vulnerable意为“虚弱的”，与weak意思一致。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段 “The nonprofit, whose mission is to support serving and retired police dogs nationwide(非营利组织 Thin Blue Paw Foundation的使命是支持全国范围内现役和退役的警犬)” 可知，The Thin Blue Paw Foundation帮助全国的警犬。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“On Nov. 28, the 12-year-old German shepherd named Bear was out for his first long walk following surgery as a birthday treat when he ran into a missing person in need of help in “dense undergrowth” near his walking path, according to a social media post from the nonprofit organization Thin Blue Paw Foundation.( 据非营利组织 Thin Blue Paw Foundation在社交媒体上发布的消息，11月28日，这只12岁的德国牧羊犬贝尔（Bear）在接受手术后首次进行长时间散步，当作给自己的生日犒赏。就在这时，它在散步路径附近的 “茂密灌木丛” 中遇到了一名需要帮助的失踪人员)”结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了12岁退役警犬Bear在术后散步时意外救下一名失踪者的故事，选项B“Bear在暮年仍有英雄之举”全面概括主题。故选B。 Passage 02 【应用文】 【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2025-2026学年高三上学期英语10月月考试题 Retracing Charles Darwin’s Travels across North Wales 23 September 2024 — 6 days — Sold out 5 May and 1 September 2025 — 6 days for £3,445 per person DAY 1: SHREWSBURY — DARWIN’S HOMETOWN DAY 2:INTO WALES — ON DARWIN’S TRAIL DAY 3: CWM IDWAL — MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS AND LAKES DAY 4:ANGLESEY — INTO THE UNKNOWN DAY 5: RETURN TO SHREWSBURY: SITES OF SNOWDOWNIA DAY 6: DARWIN’S TOWN AND JOURNEY’S END Uncover the best of Wales as you explore the dramatic landscapes of Eryri (Snowdonla) National Park and examine the region’s geology and how it has been transformed by volcanic and glacial activity over millions of years. Discover the story of Charles Darwin’s 1831 and 1842 tours of Wales, and retrace his travels on this small group journey from his birthplace of Shrewsbury, England, into Snowdonia. WHAT’S INCLUDED·The services of your tour experts, who will be with the group throughout the tour, providing pre-visit briefings, walking seminars and will be available to answer questions. ·A tour leader, who will attend to logistical matters, oversee the group’s health and safety and assist participants with their queries. ·All transportation costs from the start to the end of the tour, including the services of a professional coach driver. ·All accommodation costs for the nights stated. ·All breakfasts and lunches, and five dinners. ·Entry fees, local guide fees and activity fees, where arranged as part of the tour. ·Most gratuities (小费) and all service charges. WHAT’S NOT INCLUDED·Travel insurance. Participants should carry their own health and travel insurance in case of accident or unforeseen circumstances. ·Transport to the tour start point. ·Alcoholic drinks with meals are not included. ·Optional activities as described in the tour itinerary (行程) or extra activities that are not described in the itinerary. ·Personal expenditures. including bar bills, laundry bills and the cost of meals on two free evenings. ·Passport and visa fees. ·Single supplement-£399 HOW TO GET THEREThis tour begins and ends in Shrewsbury, UK. Please speak to the team at GeoCultura for travel advice. PACE AND PHYSICALITY This tour will include short walks of up to 3.2 kilometres. Sturdy waterproof footwear is essential for these days. TRANSPORT You will travel by small luxury coach with air conditioning, a professional driver and plenty of space for luggage. WEATHER Weather in May and September generally means daytime highs between 14 and 21℃ and nighttime lows of 10-13℃. This is Wales and rain is likely, so please be prepared. You should bring warm and waterproof clothing. SOLO TRAVELLERS All of our tours, cruises, expeditions and weekenders are perfect for solo travellers. If you want your own room, you will need to pay a solo supplement of £275 for this tour. However, if you are happy to share a room with a fellow guest of the same sex, we will do all we can to match you with another guest so you don’t have to pay the solo room supplement. 5．When you pack your luggage for the tour, it is advisable to bring along all the following items EXCEPT _______ . A．waterproof hiking shoes B．swim goggles C．rain jackets D．sweatshirts 6．What is the total cost for the trip on 5 May if you are a single participant but don’t want to share a room? A．£19,19 B．£3,844 C．£3,720 D．£3,445 7．Which of the following statements about the tour is TRUE? A．Participants can witness the spectacular mountains of Snowdonia National Park on the first day of the tour. B．In the worst-case scenario, participants without their own health and travel insurance can also receive compensation if they are injured. C．The tour includes the services of tour experts and a tour leader, transportation costs, accommodation, most meals, entry fees, local guide fees, and most gratuities. D．The highlight of the tour is to walk in the footsteps of Charles Darwin and discover the evidence that he used to untravel the origin of these landscapes in 1832 and 1841. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了重走查尔斯·达尔文北威尔士之旅的行程安排、费用包含与不包含项目、出行方式、天气情况及适合人群等信息。 5．细节理解题。根据表格中PACE AND PHYSICALITY部分中“This tour will include short walks of up to 3.2 kilometres. Sturdy waterproof footwear is essential for these days.(这次旅行将包括长达3.2公里的短途步行。这几天坚固的防水鞋是必不可少的。)”以及WEATHER部分中“This is Wales and rain is likely, so please be prepared. You should bring warm and waterproof clothing.(这里是威尔士，很可能会下雨，所以请做好准备。你应该带上保暖和防水的衣服。)”可知，旅行中需要防水徒步鞋、雨衣和保暖衣物，不需要泳镜。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据图片下方第二行“5 May and 1 September 2025 — 6 days for £3,445 per person(2025年5月5日及9月1日——6天，每人3445英镑)”以及WHAT’S NOT INCLUDED部分中“Single supplement-£399(单人间差价-399英镑)”可知，5月5日出发，单人参加且不想分享房间的总费用是3445+399=3844英镑。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据WHAT’S INCLUDED部分中“·The services of your tour experts, who will be with the group throughout the tour, providing pre- visit briefings, walking seminars and will be available to answer questions.(·旅游专家的服务，他们将在整个旅行过程中与团队在一起，提供参观前的情况介绍、步行研讨会，并将随时回答问题。)”、“·A tour leader, who will attend to logistical matters, oversee the group’s health and safety and assist participants with their queries.(·一名导游，负责处理后勤事务，监督团队的健康和安全，并协助参与者解决疑问。)”、“·All transportation costs from the start to the end of the tour, including the services of a professional coach driver.(·从旅行开始到结束的所有交通费用，包括专业客车司机的服务。)”、“·All accommodation costs for the nights stated.(·所列晚上的所有住宿费用。)”、“·All breakfasts and lunches, and five dinners.（·所有早餐和午餐，以及五顿晚餐。）”、“·Entry fees, local guide fees and activity fees, where arranged as part of the tour.(·入场费、当地导游费和活动费，如果作为旅行的一部分安排的话。)”、“·Most gratuities (小费) and all service charges.(·大多数小费和所有服务费。)”可知，这次旅行包括旅游专家的服务、一名导游的服务、交通费用、住宿费用、大多数餐食、入场费、当地导游费和大多数小费。故选C。 Passage 03 【记叙文】 【来源】上海市闵行第三中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 At age 11, Zlata Filipovic saw things that most people pray they never see. Growing up in the middle of a war zone, this little girl experienced firsthand the horrors of war. Filipovic turned 11 in December of 1991. Five months later Serbian soldiers attacked Filipovic’s hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia. While many people fled the city, Filipovic’s family stayed. Some of the worst moments of the Bosnian conflict would take place right under her nose. How did Filipovic deal with her harrowing experience? By writing a diary. Zlata’s Diary was first published in the summer of 1993 by UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). It attracted enormous interest. Her writings on the Bosnian conflict were not as sophisticated (老练的) as the daily news reports. Filipovic’s observations were, however, more moving and intimate. Zlata’s Diary gave readers a sense of sympathy for the ordinary people stuck in the Balkan region. Filipovic’s writings raised world awareness of the senseless conflict in Sarajevo. “I see that things aren’t good here,” Filipovic writes. “An ugly war is taking away my childhood.” After two years of enduring the war in Sarajevo, Filipovic’s family escaped to Paris in December of 1993. Zlata’s Diary was then printed by an international publisher. It became an instant bestseller. It has since been translated into 35 languages. Outside Bosnia, Filipovic continued to show deep concern for her torn homeland. In the following years, she gave many talks on the impact of war on children. She spoke often about the need for a stable, lasting peace in the Balkan region. Filipovic eventually attended a British University and received a degree in human sciences. Today, the well-being of the Balkan region remains on her mind. Now Filipovic wants to use her experience to promote peace in a rapidly changing Europe. She hopes that her stories of war will make people listen to her message of peace. 8．The underlined word “harrowing” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_______.” A．memorable B．disturbing C．embarrassing D．enriching 9．What was special about Zlata’s Diary? A．It wrote about war in different languages. B．It was as attractive as the daily news report. C．It helped the world see war through the eyes of a child. D．It made the world know better about the Bosnian conflict. 10．It can be learned from the passage that ______. A．Zlata was promoting peace with her stories of war B．Zlata’s nose was seriously wounded in the conflict C．Zlata kept her diary a secret until the winter of 1993 D．Zlata felt relieved after escaping from the war in Sarajevo 11．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Zlata Filipovic: growing up in war B．Zlata Filipovic: writing against war C．Zlata Filipovic: changing the world D．Zlata Filipovic: loving peace in heart 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Zlata Filipovic的女孩在战争中的经历，她通过写日记记录下了战争的残酷，并最终逃离了战区。她的日记引起了国际关注，被翻译成35种语言，并成为了一本畅销书。她继续关注着家乡的局势，并在国外发表演讲，呼吁在巴尔干地区实现稳定持久的和平。 8．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“While many people fled the city, Filipovic’s family stayed. Some of the worst moments of the Bosnian conflict would take place right under her nose. How did Filipovic deal with her harrowing experience? By writing a diary. (尽管许多人逃离了这座城市，但Filipovic一家却留了下来。波斯尼亚冲突中一些最为惨烈的时刻就发生在她的眼皮底下。那么，菲利波维奇是如何应对这段她的……经历的呢？她通过写日记来排解。)”可知，Zlata在战争中经历了许多恐怖的事情，战争中的这些经历对她来说是痛苦的，即她通过写日记来应对这些痛苦的经历。根据上下文可以推断，“harrowing”在此处的意思应该是“令人心烦意乱的，痛苦的”，与选项B“disturbing(令人不安的)”意思最为接近。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Her writings on the Bosnian conflict were not as sophisticated (老练的) as the daily news reports. Filipovic’s observations were, however, more moving and intimate. (她关于波斯尼亚冲突的描写并不像每日新闻报道那样老练成熟。然而，Filipovic的观察却更为感人且贴近人心。)”和第四段中“Zlata’s Diary gave readers a sense of sympathy for the ordinary people stuck in the Balkan region. Filipovic’s writings raised world awareness of the senseless conflict in Sarajevo. (《Zlata的日记》让读者对困在巴尔干地区的普通人产生了同情。Filipovic的文字提高了全世界对萨拉热窝这场无意义冲突的认识。)”可知，Zlata的观察更加感人且亲密，她的日记让读者对困在巴尔干地区的普通人产生了同情，并提高了世界对萨拉热窝无意义冲突的认识。这说明Zlata的日记的特殊之处在于它帮助世界通过一个孩子的视角来看待战争，因此选项C“It helped the world see war through the eyes of a child. (它帮助世界通过一个孩子的视角来看待战争。)”，符合题意。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Now Filipovic wants to use her experience to promote peace in a rapidly changing Europe. She hopes that her stories of war will make people listen to her message of peace. (Zlata现在想用她的经历来促进一个迅速变化的欧洲的和平，她希望她的战争故事能让人们听到她的和平信息。)”可知，Zlata正在用她的战争故事来促进和平，因此选项A“Zlata Filipovic: growing up in war (Zlata正在用她的战争故事来促进和平)”符合题意。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了Zlata Filipovic在战争中的经历，她通过写日记记录下了战争的残酷，并最终逃离了战区。她的日记引起了国际关注，并被翻译成多种语言。她继续关注着家乡的局势，并在国外发表演讲，呼吁在巴尔干地区实现稳定持久的和平。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是与Zlata通过写作反对战争相关的选项，即选项B“Zlata Filipovic: writing against war (Zlata Filipovic：以笔为枪，反对战争)”。故选B。 Passage 04 【应用文】 【来源】2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题 Bring the beauty of native birds into your home with unique artwork by Pam McGrath Australia and its offshore islands and territories have 898 recorded bird species as of 2014. Of the recorded birds, 165 are considered accidental visitors, of the remainder over 45% are classified as Australian endemics: found nowhere else on earth. It has been suggested that up to 10% of Australian bird species may go extinct by the year 2100 as a result of climate change. Artist Pam McGrath expresses her lifetime concern for wildlife conservation through these acrylic paintings of Australian birds. While celebrating their beauty and diversity, the birds are presented in abstract design with straight lines, rather than the delicate natural form, to suggest the challenges of their adaption to environmental change. 1 2 3 4 5 Each of these framed, one-of-a-kind original artworks is available for purchase from $80 (plus $50 packing and sending). The perfect gift for the nature-lover or art-lover in your life, you’ll also be generously gifting your local charity, as 50% of the purchase price goes towards helping Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland (WPSQ) continue its important work. 12．According to the passage, which of the following is true about Australian birds? A．Australia has the most recorded bird species around the world. B．A large number of bird species could only be found in Australia. C．By 2010, more birds will be visitors rather than local endemics. D．Almost one-tenth local bird species went extinct in recent years. 13．What does Pam McGrath want to express through her paintings of birds? A．Her love for the beauty of Australian birds. B．The delicate skills of creating abstract art. C．Her appreciation of the work of a local charity. D．The importance of protecting the wildlife. 14．How much goes towards your local charity if you purchase painting number 4? A．$40. B．$80. C．$105. D．$130. 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了艺术家帕姆・麦格拉思以澳大利亚鸟类为主题的丙烯酸画作，包括澳大利亚鸟类的物种情况、画作的创作意图及艺术品的销售信息等。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Of the recorded birds, 165 are considered accidental visitors, of the remainder over 45% are classified as Australian endemics: found nowhere else on earth. (在有记录的鸟类中，165种被视为偶见鸟类，剩余鸟类中有超过45%被归类为澳大利亚特有物种：即在地球上其他任何地方都没有分布)”可知，剩余鸟类中超过45%为澳大利亚特有物种，在地球上其他地方找不到，这表明有大量鸟类仅存在于澳大利亚。故选B项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Artist Pam McGrath expresses her lifetime concern for wildlife conservation through these acrylic paintings of Australian birds. (艺术家帕姆・麦格拉思通过这些澳大利亚鸟类的丙烯酸画作，表达了她对野生动物保护的毕生关注)”可知，帕姆・麦格拉思通过画作表达对野生动物保护的终身关注。故选D项 14．细节理解题。根据表格信息，画作4“Eastern Spinebils find orchids in a tree”的价格为$80，文中第三段“The perfect gift for the nature-lover or art-lover in your life, you’ll also be generously gifting your local charity, as 50% of the purchase price goes towards helping Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland (WPSQ) continue its important work. (这是送给你生命中热爱自然或艺术之人的完美礼物，同时你也在慷慨地馈赠当地慈善事业，因为购买价格的50%将用于帮助昆士兰州野生动物保护协会继续其重要工作)”可知，画作售价的50%捐赠给慈善机构。故选A项。 Passage 05 【说明文】 【来源】上海市浦东复旦附中分校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月第二次测试英语试题 No offense to you, but scientists have found that mosquitoes may find your feet as appealing as Limburger cheese. If that’s you, don’t panic-it doesn’t mean you’re not washing them enough. Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA． A research team out of London recently investigated the genetic role in mosquito attraction by testing the bite appeal of 18 identical and 19 fraternal (异卵的) pairs of female twins. In a series of tests, 20 hungry mosquitoes were released into the end of a Y-shaped tube and allowed to choose whether to follow their noses left or right. Down either path was one twin’s hand, releasing its delicious natural odors (气味) but protected from bites behind a screen. After testing all 37 twin pairs, scientists found that the identical twins had consistently more similar attraction scores than the fraternal ones did — specifically, 67 percent of a person’s insect attractiveness had to do with her genes. So what’s the deal: Is DNA smelly? Thankfully, no. But specific DNA does attract unique species of micro-bacteria to your body — and those are what mosquitoes just can’t resist. Each of us, right now, is covered with about 100 trillion microbes (微生物), outnumbering our human DNA ten to one. Maybe stranger still: Scientists believe we share only a small part of these microbial species with one another, making our “microbiome” — the world of bacteria living in and on us — distinct, just like our fingerprints. In addition to producing many of the vitamins and chemicals in our blood, our microbiome is thought to be responsible for most of our distinct odors as well. Different mosquitoes prefer different smells from different parts of the body, and those smells come from chemicals produced by our microbiomes. So the next time a group of hungry mosquitoes flying around your cousin but leaves you bite-free, thank your DNA for the world of microscopic creatures on your skin that produce just the right smell to make the mosquitoes dizzy. 15．What is the main reason why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others? A．They have a specific type of DNA． B．They don’t wash their hands enough. C．They eat too much Limberger cheese. D．They have some especially smelly DNA． 16．What was the primary method used by researchers in London in their study? A．Measuring the amount of sweat produced by twins. B．Comparing the bacteria on the hands of the 37 twins. C．Releasing mosquitoes into a tube to follow their noses. D．Observing mosquitoes’ behavior in a natural environment. 17．Why is our microbiome compared to our fingerprints in paragraph 4? A．They both need vitamins. B．They are both unique to us. C．They both contain the same chemicals. D．They are both responsible for our odors. 18．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Why mosquitoes are smelly? B．How mosquito bites harm us? C．Why mosquitoes find you irresistible? D．How mosquito bites are hard to discover? 【答案】15．A 16．C 17．B 18．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现蚊子对某些人的吸引力与基因相关，具体而言是特定DNA吸引的独特微生物产生的气味吸引了蚊子，并解释了微生物组与人体气味及蚊子吸引力的关系。 15．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA.(蚊子只是被特定的 DNA 所吸引)” 和第三段中“But specific DNA does attract unique species of micro-bacteria to your body — and those are what mosquitoes just can’t resist.(但特定的 DNA 确实会吸引独特的微生物种类到你的身体上 —— 而这些正是蚊子无法抗拒的)” 可知，有些人更吸引蚊子的主要原因是他们有特定类型的 DNA。故选A。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a series of tests, 20 hungry mosquitoes were released into the end of a Y-shaped tube and allowed to choose whether to follow their noses left or right. Down either path was one twin’s hand, releasing its delicious natural odors but protected from bites behind a screen.(在一系列测试中，20只饥饿的蚊子被放入一个Y形管的末端，让它们选择向左或向右追随气味。每条路径的尽头都是一个双胞胎的手，释放出诱人的自然气味，但被屏风保护着不会被叮咬)” 可知，伦敦研究人员的主要研究方法是将蚊子放入管中让它们追随气味。故选C。 17．推理判断题。根据第段段中“Scientists believe we share only a small part of these microbial species with one another, making our ‘microbiome’ — the world of bacteria living in and on us — distinct, just like our fingerprints.（科学家们认为，我们彼此之间共享的这些微生物种类很少，这使得我们的‘微生物组’—— 生活在我们体内和体表的细菌世界 —— 像我们的指纹一样独特)” 可知，微生物组被比作指纹是因为它们对我们而言都是独特的。故选B。 18．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合文第一段中“Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA.(蚊子只是被特定的 DNA 所吸引)”可知，文章围绕为什么有些人更吸引蚊子展开，解释了背后的原因 —— 特定DNA吸引的微生物产生的气味吸引蚊子，C 选项 “Why mosquitoes find you irresistible?(为什么蚊子对你无法抗拒)”可以作为本文的最佳标题 。故选C。 二、真题演练 【2023年1月春考(A篇)】 外刊来源： Until I was six,my family lived in a rural part of the state, in the remote Alaska native village of Fort Yukon, about 140 air miles from the nearest Judy's(快餐店)，down in Fairbanks. We didn't have running water in Fort Yukon, but we had a TV, and during the time we lived up there, The Wizard of Oz was broadcast once a year. I was transfixed by the movie, by this little girl's ability to travel from her dull, rural home to a shining,magical kingdom filled with wonders. I could relate to Dorothy, had even once flown over a rainbow on the way into Fairbanks, and to me, Oz perfectly illustrated the world beyond our tiny town, what it was, what it meant. Besides The Wizard of Oz, the other thing that taught me about the real world outside Fort Yukon was Judy's. I would nearly press my nose to the screen whenever a Judy's commercial came on. I would scan the commercials for every tiny detail about what life was like when you lived somewhere where there was a Judy's: sunshine, happy music, people ate food in brightly colored packages and lived in houses with sidewalks and lawns. We went into Fairbanks a few times each year; whenever we flew in a visit to Judy's was almost guaranteed. Going into Fairbanks and eating at Judy's conferred status. But the truth is, the food hardly even mattered. Being at Judy's meant that I was in a city big enough to have one. That world looked nothing like what I saw in Fort Yukon. But if I could fit in at Judy's, I could fit into the bigger world, I thought. It took leaving for me to understand that none of this was true, that life is hard everywhere, that if you thought you weren't happy without Judy's , you wouldn't be happy with it. After we moved to Fairbanks,even though Judy's was right there, we didn't go much anymore, I don't remember minding. Judy's, I soon learned, was convenient for people in Fairbanks more than it was special, and we couldn't afford not to plan ahead. People ate there if they couldn't go to nicer restaurants. Despite the newfound pleasures of Fairbanks, it didn't take long for homesickness to set in.I now missed Fort Yukon as much as I used to want to go to Judy's; that is to say,powerfully.I missed the wood smoky way Fort Yukon smells, the way the light slants hard right up on the Arctic Circle, the way everyone knows everyone else. I missed the coziness of the mission house,the nooks I curled up in to read, the way all my friends were within walking distance.I missed the village grandmas, who loved all children as if they were their own. 56. What did the author learn from TV when they lived on Fort Yukon? A. They learned about the furnishings of the restaurant. B. They learned about a variety of delicious food that they had never eaten before. C. They learned about the production process of the Wizard of Oz film. D. They learned about the world outside of the town. 57. What does the underlined word in the fifth paragraph refer to? A.Adapting to Judy's, you can get a foothold in a big city. B. Judy's is very popular with migrant workers in every city. C. Weekend life without Judy's food can be extremely difficult. D. Judy's has a pivotal role in fast-paced cities. 58. What was their attitude towards Judy's when they moved to Fairbanks? A. They almost stopped visiting fast-food restaurants. B. They still yearned for the fast food restaurants. C. They quit the habit of eating fast food in Judy's. D. They chose healthier foods instead of fast food. 59. What is the last paragraph of the passage about? A. The review of daily work. B.The nostalgia(怀旧)for their home town. C. The transition in lifestyle. D. The way of daily commute. 【答案】56-59 DAAB 【导读】这篇文章讲述了作者小时候在阿拉斯加原住民村庄 Fort Yukon 的生活。虽然他们没有自来水，但有电视机，每年可以看到《绿野仙踪》。作者对电影中的故事情节非常着迷，因为它展示了一个比 Fort Yukon 更大更灿烂的世界。此外，Judy's 快餐店的广告也使作者向往城市的生活，渴望能够在那里适应。然而，随着时间的流逝，作者离开 Fort Yukon 去了 Fairbanks，并发现了 Judy's 并不那么特别，也不能让人真正快乐。最后，作者意识到无论在哪里，生活都有困难，而他深深怀念着 Fort Yukon 的家乡和亲人。 【解析】 56.D【解析]根据文章第二段最后一句中的and to me, Oz perfectly illustrated the world beyond our tiny town, what it was, what it meant和第三段第一句中的the other thing that taught me about the real world outside Fort Yukon was Judy's可知，当他们居住在育空堡(Fort Yukon)时，他们从电视上了解到了外面的世界，故选D. 57.A【解析]根据第五段第四句提及的But if I could fit in at Judy's(快餐店),I could fit into the bigger world, I thought.可推知，该句中的this指代的是作者认为“但如果我能适应朱迪餐厅，我就能适应更大的世界”，故选A。 58.A【解析]根据倒数第二段第一句提及的After we moved to Fairbanks, even though Judy's was right there, we didn't go much anymore.可知，在他们搬到 Fairbanks(费尔班克斯)后，尽管朱迪就在那里，但他们也不怎么去了，故选A。 59.B【解析]根据文章最后一段第一句提及的Despite the newfound pleasures of Fairbanks, it didn't take long for homesickness to set in.和该段讲述的相关内容可推知，文章最后一段讲述的内容与作者的思乡情感有关，故选B。 【2022年1月春考(B篇)】 Summer Camp Rules Whether it s your child's first year at camp , or they are a seasoned camper and need a little refresher , it’s a good idea to go over summer camp rules and guidelines before leaving for camp. Camp rules are in place lo keep the camp community safe and camp operations running smoothly throughout their stay. 1. Keep Your Personal Space Clean Since your child will be in close quarters with many other campers , it’s important that they understand the necessity of keeping their sleeping and living areas organized. Go over ways for your child to stay organized and tidy before they leave for camp. When packing, make sure to provide a laundry bag to keep clean and dirty clothing separate. Utilize under bed space or put clothes on your shelves or cabinets rather than living out of your suitcase or camp trunk. It also helps to not over pack. Follow packing list guidelines closely so your child can find what they need without having to dig through piles of clothing that were not recommended. This also helps you child know what they have in their luggage so they pull out the sweatshirt when it gets cold. instead of thinking there wasn't one in their bag. Remind your child of their camp account so they can purchase items from the camp store if necessary. 2. Valuables at Camp As a best practice, we recommend leaving all valuables at home, Even if your child has a bracelet or necklace that they never take off, there is still the chance that it could be lost while swimming or participating in camp activities If you are thinking about bringing an expensive item of clothing, be prepared for it to gel lost or damaged. You may be better off buying a new, less expensive version. To be on the safe side, don't let your child bring anything irreplaceable or emotionally valuable to camp. 3. Play Nice Name calling,fighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prohibited at summer camp Camp is a place to make friends, so aggressive behavior is not tolerated. Remind your child that they don't have to be everybody's best friend, but they do have to be friendly to everyone. Encourage your child to go into camp with the mindset of making a few new friends, and chances are they will leave camp having made more than a few. 4. Have Fun and Try New Things At the end of the day, summer camp is about getting out of your comfort zone, trying new things, and having a blast. Before your child leaves for camp, congratulate them for being brave enough to try sleep away amp in the first place. Let them know that they've already won just by trying, and the fun part is just about to begin. Remind them again that summer camp rules exist only to improve the overall camp experience and to create a community of fun. 60. What is the purpose of clarifying the rules of summer camp? A. Enrich children's summer camp operation B. Ensure the safety of children participating in summer camp C. Cultivate children's ability to survive in the wild D. Help children develop good cleaning habits 61.Which of the following behaviors is advocated by the summer camp? A. Take your favorite valuables B Fight with camping friends C. Avoid participating in hazardous activities D. Keep personal camping supplies in order 62. What is the passage mainly about? A. Enjoy the unique fun brought by new things B. Make good friends wherever you are C. Follow the rules of summer camp D. Get enough sleep before camping 【答案】60-62 BDC 【导读】本文介绍了夏令营的一些规则和指导方针，旨在保证孩子们的安全，并使夏令营活动顺利进行。文章强调了保持个人空间的整洁、不带贵重物品、友好相处、尝试新事物和享受夏令营乐趣的重要性。 【详解】 60.B[解析]根据文章第一段最后一句提及的 Camp rules are in place to keep the camp community safe and camp operations running smoothly throughout their stay 可知，明确夏令营规则主要是为了确保营地社区的安全，并保证营地在整个逗留期可平稳远行，换言之就是为了确保参与露营孩子的个人安全，B 项表述正确，故达B。 61.D[解析]根据文章第五段第一句提及的 As a best practice, we recommend leaving all valuables at home 可知，夏营并不希望人们随身携带贵重物品，而应汽指贵业物品留在家中，A项不是夏今营提倡的行为;根据文章第七段提及的Name calling, lighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prohibited at summer camp可知，夏令营严禁辱骂、打架、欺凌和争吵等行为，B 项的行为是被夏令营所禁的:项文未明确挑及，根据文靠第二段提及的 it's important that they understand the necessity of keeping their sleeping and living areas organized 和下 天内容可知，保持个人路营用品的整洁有序是夏令营所提倡的行为，D 项表述正确，选D。 62.C[解折]根期整篇文章内容分析，本文主要讲述和介绍了在参加夏令营时需要追守的机关规则，由此可知C项的“进守夏令营的规则”这一表述正确，其余选现难以概括全文且部分装述有误，故选 C。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 阅读理解体裁与命题方向 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：细节理解（重点） 3 考点二：词义猜测 7 考点三：判断推理（重点） 11 考点四：主旨大意（难点） 16 实战精练与提升 20 考情解读 一、考试要求 上海高考英语阅读理解要求考生读懂书报杂志、网络文段及公告、说明、广告等各类文本，话题涵盖科技、文化、历史、环保、人物传记等多个领域。 · 理解文章主旨要义，如概括人工智能应用及发展趋势类文章的核心内容； · 把握文中具体信息，像科技成果的特点、优势等； · 依据上下文推断单词和短语含义，例如通过语境猜测生僻科技词汇； · 作出简单判断和推理，如判断作者对某种现象的态度； · 理解文章基本结构，如段落间的逻辑关系； · 领会作者的意图、观点和态度，比如从论述方式和用词中体会对文化现象的评价。 涵盖细节理解题（占比约 50%，需精准定位 + 同义转换）、推理判断题（基于文本逻辑合理推导）、主旨大意题（把握整体框架，可通过首尾段和各段首句归纳）、词义猜测题（依托语境逻辑或构词法解题）等。 ，突出对考生思维能力的考查，文本呈现跨学科融合特点，如结合心理学与人工智能，同时融入时代性和中国文化元素，引导考生对社会、科技、文化等问题深入思考。 二、命题分析 语篇特征 - 类型多样：涵盖记叙文（成长叙事、跨文化交流）、说明文（科技前沿、生态保护）、议论文（社会议题思辨）、应用文（广告、报告摘要），近年新增多模态文本（如图表结合文章）。 - 话题前沿：聚焦科技伦理（如 AI 情感计算）、传统文化（非遗创新、海派文化）、社会热点（教育公平、后疫情时代适应），融入 “元宇宙”“碳足迹” 等新兴议题上海市教育考试院。 - 长度与复杂度：单篇长度约 300-800 词，嵌套长难句（含 3 个以上从句），学术词汇占比高（如四六级词汇 extinct、ecological），跨学科融合文本（如心理学 + 人工智能）要求多维度理解。 核心考查 - 题型分布：细节理解题占比约 50%（精准定位 + 同义替换），推理判断题约 30%（逻辑推导，避免过度联想），主旨大意题和词义猜测题各占 10% 左右。 - 能力导向： - 语言能力：词汇深度（一词多义、熟词僻义）、长难句解构（定语从句、非谓语作状语）。 - 思维品质：辩证分析（如科技发展利弊）、逻辑推理（如作者态度推断）、批判性思维（如提炼正反观点）。 命题特色 - 立德树人：渗透社会主义核心价值观，如环保意识（量化碳足迹）、社会责任感（慈善事业决策）、科技兴国（海草采矿技术）上海市教育考试院。 - 跨学科融合：文本涉及心理学、生态学、教育学等领域，如阅读 C 篇探讨 “情感计算的伦理争议”，要求综合多学科知识分析。 - 思辨性与开放性：设问强调辩证思维（如 “科技是否让传统技艺失去价值”），写作题允许多角度切入（如 “慢生活与快节奏平衡”）。 - 文化浸润：融入中国传统文化元素，引导文化传承与国际视野结合。 考点精讲 · 考点一：细节理解题 解题策略 1．直接信息题 2．间接信息题 3．概括、归纳信息题 细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。 【典例剖析】 【2025届上海市延安中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 Their anger about his work spread the conversation to people who anonymously (匿名地) and deliberately seek to upset others and start fights online — and one thing led to another, some of them began to abuse my friend harshly. “People are telling me to kill myself!” he told me, with desperation in his voice. He started worrying about being doxed. “Do I need private security? Maybe I should move.” Out of curiosity, I asked my friend how much time he was then spending on social media, monitoring all the abuse. “Pretty much all day,” he said. This made sense to him because he felt the severity of the situation demanded his full attention: A threat’s a threat, right? I made one simple suggestion: Delete the apps and stop interacting with social media for a week. He took my advice reluctantly, but over the next few days, he stopped thinking about the trouble so much. By the time he reopened the apps, he found those mean guys had largely moved on to new victims and targets. 1．What did those opponents of the author’s friend do? A．They showed a strong opposition against the controversial topic. B．They angrily and publicly opposed that friend’s argument. C．They deliberately and secretly triggered online fights. D．They resorted to merciless bullying of that friend. 3．What did that targeted man do to survive the attacks? A．He talked with his friends. B．He moved house immediately. C．He ignored the abuse temporarily. D．He opened the app once every week. （2025·上海静安·二模） And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rocky enough to fascinate hikers — is just one of Juneau’s many natural attractions. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, you’re personally experiencing wild waters and sharp forested slopes. For hardcore hikers, its pull is hard to resist. 1．Which of the following item is Juneau’s major selling point to visitors? A．Cultural background. B．Development history. C．Natural attraction. D．Climate advantage. （2025·上海虹口·二模） The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. 3．What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A．Make their own radio programmes. B．Discover more about themselves. C．Pursue a career in broadcasting. D．Hear each other more clearly. （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Geology, the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. 1．When did the word “geology” start to be commonly used in the English language? A．In 1735. B．In 1810. C．Around 1805. D．Around 1895. (2024·上海杨浦·一模） A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist. Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert. The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them. 56. The correct order of the events that happened is . ①The value of the coin was confirmed. ②A coin was unearthed in the field. ③The coin was on display at the British Museum. ④The coin was intended for sale. ⑤The coin caught the attention of a history expert. A. ①③②④ B. ②⑤①④ C. ②①⑤④③ D. ④②①③⑤ · 考点二：词义猜测题 解题策略 1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 2.根据同位关系进行猜测 3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测 4.根据因果关系进行猜测 5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测 7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测 【典例剖析】 【上海市静安区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研英语试题】 Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. 7．The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A．alternative B．fake C．rushed D．joint （2025·上海闵行·二模） Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers. Although pigeons are socially paired, they live in groups of up to 500 birds and this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people. To ease conflicts with pigeons, managers have used several methods to prevent pigeon presence or reduce pigeon numbers. Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. 2．The word “congregation” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________. A．introduction B．gathering C．reproduction D．nesting 3．From the sentence “this approach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the approach ________. A．needs to be used repeatedly B．is not effective in the long run C．reduces pigeon numbers greatly D．works when pigeons multiply （2025年闵行一模） Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here's the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store —— one that wouldn't just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. 37. The phrase “the kicker” in paragraph 2 most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful （2025年嘉定一模） I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. 37. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. （2025年崇明一模） The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. 44. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____. A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts （2025年金山一模） Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-old who has followed decades of trying different diets and medications and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has become synonymous with celebrity weight loss. The effect is life-changing. 43. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 1? A. be keen on B. be equivalent to C. be suitable for D. be familiar with · 考点三：判断推理题 解题策略 推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。 · 立足原文内容：推理判断必须以文章内容为依据，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。仔细阅读文章，理解文章的主题、结构和细节信息，找出与题目相关的关键部分。 · 寻找线索和暗示：关注文章中的关键词、连接词、修辞手法等，这些可能是推理的重要线索。例如，“however”“therefore” 等连接词可以帮助我们理解作者的思路和观点变化；比喻、象征等修辞手法可能暗示作者的情感倾向。 · 分析逻辑关系：考虑文章中的因果、对比、类比等逻辑关系。如果文章提到某种现象是由某个原因引起的，那么在推理时可以依据这个因果关系进行推断；如果是对比不同事物的特点，就可以从对比中得出对这些事物的评价。 · 排除干扰选项：对于不符合原文逻辑和信息的选项要果断排除。有些选项可能本身内容正确，但与题目要求的推理判断无关；有些选项可能是过度推断，超出了原文所提供的范围。 【典例剖析】 【2025届上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学高三毕业考英语试题】 Take cancer treatment. In recent years, new drugs have emerged to control the side-effects experienced by people receiving chemotherapy. But Dr Saunders says that vomiting and nausea have not come down in cancer patients by as much as expected. Social learning may be responsible. “They’ll say, their mother-in-law had chemo twenty years ago and she was vomiting every single day,” Dr Saunders says. “Those kinds of long-held beliefs are influencing them now, even though the medical landscape has changed.” 16．Cancer treatment is mentioned in Para. 4 to show ______. A．vomiting and nausea are common negative outcomes B．the nocebo effect can lead to harmful results C．new drugs are ineffective in controlling the side effects D．the medical industry has undergone great changes （2025·上海虹口·二模） I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. 4．According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A．It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B．It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C．It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D．It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. 3．What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. （2025·上海杨浦·二模） Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in agriculture? A．Suspicious. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Concerned. （2025·上海闵行·二模） Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). 2．The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is _________. A．to illustrate that failure can lead to success B．to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C．to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D．to argue that failure is the main source of creativity （2025·上海长宁·二模） In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness in 2025 and the happiness you bring to others around you. 4．The main purpose of the passage is to ____. A．describe the author’s personal journey of self-discovery B．inspire readers to seek happiness as the book suggests C．explain the importance of setting goals in life D．promote sales of a particular self-help book · 考点四：主旨大意题 解题策略 1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题） · 寻找主题句法 · 位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述文章主旨；有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的作用；还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。 · 特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强、涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是 “Various effective measures have been taken to protect the environment in recent years.”。 · 归纳法 · 细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主旨。 · 注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息，同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍了科技对教育、医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。 · 关注关键词法 · 高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相关。例如，一篇文章多次出现 “AI（人工智能）”“machine learning（机器学习）”“big data（大数据）” 等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能技术及其相关应用的。 · 同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达，它们也有助于确定文章主旨。比如，除了 “AI” 之外，还出现了 “artificial intelligence technology” 等表达。 【典例剖析】 （2025·上海浦东新·二模）Yoshiko Abe is about to turn 89, but that hasn’t stopped her from going to the gym every day and trying the free-of-charge makeup course at her housing complex. “It was really helpful,” she said, smiling after putting on foundation and pink lipstick, something she hadn’t done in years. Japan is the fastest-aging society in the world, where more than a quarter of its population is 65 and older, at 36 million people. In about a decade, the percentage will be 33%. The market for older people is estimated to grow to more than 100 trillion yen ($650 billion) in size this year. No wonder the young-at-heart are an expanding community for business. ......... Yoshihiko Hotta, 85, the only man in the class of about 30 people, didn’t try the lipstick but happily put on the hand cream and went along with all the exercise routines. While acknowledging he felt something like aching legs, he declared firmly, “I don’t think age is relevant.” 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Seniors in Japan are well aware of group identity. B．The rise of Japan’s silver economy redefines aging. C．Experts appeal to seniors to remain mentally active. D．Makeup courses are popular with the young-at-heart in Japan. （2025·上海青浦·二模） Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. Almost half of trial participants in America are now women (in the rest of the world it is still only 40%). America and Britain look likely to publish regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to involve them. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．There will be no bias in clinical testing very soon. B．Women used to be under-represented in clinical trials. C．Regulations on subjects in clinical trials have come into effect. D．Clinical trials are increasingly improving, thus attracting women. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. 3．What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. （2025·上海浦东新·二模） This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. .......... “Among” is the key word. Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. If Nobel Committee is now rewarding the contributions of AI, should it not also recognize the researchers whose results it learned from? 4．What might be the best title of this passage? A．AI takes over: the decline of traditional science B．AI dominates science: the end of human discovery C．Nobel Prizes question AI’s role in modern research D．Nobel Prizes highlight AI and teamwork in science 实战训练 一、名校最新试题 Passage 01【新闻报道】 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷 On Nov. 28, the 12-year-old German shepherd named Bear was out for his first long walk following surgery as a birthday treat when he ran into a missing person in need of help in “dense undergrowth” near his walking path, according to a social media post from the nonprofit organization Thin Blue Paw Foundation. The nonprofit, whose mission is to support serving and retired police dogs nationwide, said the lost man was “confused, wet, and cold, and unable to get up” when the retired police dog came across him. “The man was a vulnerable missing person officers had been searching for without success,” the post read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cold” area before being led to safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, you’re a true hero, showing us that even in retirement, you can still save lives,” the organization wrote. “Happy Birthday, Bear!” The Guardian reported that Bear was on the casual walk that led to the missing man with his owner, Julia Pope, and “went into work mode” during the incident. The dog was in recovery at the time and on his first long walk since receiving surgery to remove two harmless tumors two weeks prior. Pope told the outlet that Bear “dragged” her to where the missing individual was. “I’m not sure he would have survived the night as it was extremely cold and almost dark at that point with no one else nearby,” Pope said of the lost man she and Bear found. The man was brought to local police and reunited with his loved ones. While he is retired from active duty with the Sussex police, Bear has been working as a wellbeing and support dog for police staff, reported The Guardian. He had another surgery in the summer of 2023. The Thin Blue Paw Foundation supported the dog during the surgery. Thin Blue Paw Trustee Kieran Stanbridge told The Guardian, “RPD Bear is a true hero — his training and instinct kicked in, and he managed to lead his owner, who is a former police officer, to the man who needed urgent help.” Stanbridge continued, “Thanks to Bear, the man received the help he needed from local officers, even in his retirement, he’s still saving lives.” 1．According to the passage, Bear ________. A．is a retired police dog which has just undergone an operation B．is a serving police dog whose duty is to rescue the homeless C．is supported by a non-profit organization to take on some paid jobs D．is adopted by a former police officer to accompany and safeguard her 2．The word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 most probably has the same meaning as “________”. A．content. B．weak. C．courageous. D．reliable. 3．Which of the following can be done by The Thin Blue Paw Foundation according to the passage? A．It helps the police dogs throughout the country. B．It pays for the rescue work done by police dogs. C．It provides financial support for dog adopters. D．It improves retired police officers’ wellbeing. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．A non-profit organization sponsors police dogs. B．Bear still enjoys acts of heroism in his senior years. C．A missing man was lucky enough to be rescued. D．Retired police dogs’ surgery impacts their wellbeing. Passage 02 【应用文】 【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2025-2026学年高三上学期英语10月月考试题 Retracing Charles Darwin’s Travels across North Wales 23 September 2024 — 6 days — Sold out 5 May and 1 September 2025 — 6 days for £3,445 per person DAY 1: SHREWSBURY — DARWIN’S HOMETOWN DAY 2:INTO WALES — ON DARWIN’S TRAIL DAY 3: CWM IDWAL — MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS AND LAKES DAY 4:ANGLESEY — INTO THE UNKNOWN DAY 5: RETURN TO SHREWSBURY: SITES OF SNOWDOWNIA DAY 6: DARWIN’S TOWN AND JOURNEY’S END Uncover the best of Wales as you explore the dramatic landscapes of Eryri (Snowdonla) National Park and examine the region’s geology and how it has been transformed by volcanic and glacial activity over millions of years. Discover the story of Charles Darwin’s 1831 and 1842 tours of Wales, and retrace his travels on this small group journey from his birthplace of Shrewsbury, England, into Snowdonia. WHAT’S INCLUDED·The services of your tour experts, who will be with the group throughout the tour, providing pre-visit briefings, walking seminars and will be available to answer questions. ·A tour leader, who will attend to logistical matters, oversee the group’s health and safety and assist participants with their queries. ·All transportation costs from the start to the end of the tour, including the services of a professional coach driver. ·All accommodation costs for the nights stated. ·All breakfasts and lunches, and five dinners. ·Entry fees, local guide fees and activity fees, where arranged as part of the tour. ·Most gratuities (小费) and all service charges. WHAT’S NOT INCLUDED·Travel insurance. Participants should carry their own health and travel insurance in case of accident or unforeseen circumstances. ·Transport to the tour start point. ·Alcoholic drinks with meals are not included. ·Optional activities as described in the tour itinerary (行程) or extra activities that are not described in the itinerary. ·Personal expenditures. including bar bills, laundry bills and the cost of meals on two free evenings. ·Passport and visa fees. ·Single supplement-£399 HOW TO GET THEREThis tour begins and ends in Shrewsbury, UK. Please speak to the team at GeoCultura for travel advice. PACE AND PHYSICALITY This tour will include short walks of up to 3.2 kilometres. Sturdy waterproof footwear is essential for these days. TRANSPORT You will travel by small luxury coach with air conditioning, a professional driver and plenty of space for luggage. WEATHER Weather in May and September generally means daytime highs between 14 and 21℃ and nighttime lows of 10-13℃. This is Wales and rain is likely, so please be prepared. You should bring warm and waterproof clothing. SOLO TRAVELLERS All of our tours, cruises, expeditions and weekenders are perfect for solo travellers. If you want your own room, you will need to pay a solo supplement of £275 for this tour. However, if you are happy to share a room with a fellow guest of the same sex, we will do all we can to match you with another guest so you don’t have to pay the solo room supplement. 5．When you pack your luggage for the tour, it is advisable to bring along all the following items EXCEPT _______ . A．waterproof hiking shoes B．swim goggles C．rain jackets D．sweatshirts 6．What is the total cost for the trip on 5 May if you are a single participant but don’t want to share a room? A．£19,19 B．£3,844 C．£3,720 D．£3,445 7．Which of the following statements about the tour is TRUE? A．Participants can witness the spectacular mountains of Snowdonia National Park on the first day of the tour. B．In the worst-case scenario, participants without their own health and travel insurance can also receive compensation if they are injured. C．The tour includes the services of tour experts and a tour leader, transportation costs, accommodation, most meals, entry fees, local guide fees, and most gratuities. D．The highlight of the tour is to walk in the footsteps of Charles Darwin and discover the evidence that he used to untravel the origin of these landscapes in 1832 and 1841. Passage 03 【记叙文】 【来源】上海市闵行第三中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 At age 11, Zlata Filipovic saw things that most people pray they never see. Growing up in the middle of a war zone, this little girl experienced firsthand the horrors of war. Filipovic turned 11 in December of 1991. Five months later Serbian soldiers attacked Filipovic’s hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia. While many people fled the city, Filipovic’s family stayed. Some of the worst moments of the Bosnian conflict would take place right under her nose. How did Filipovic deal with her harrowing experience? By writing a diary. Zlata’s Diary was first published in the summer of 1993 by UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). It attracted enormous interest. Her writings on the Bosnian conflict were not as sophisticated (老练的) as the daily news reports. Filipovic’s observations were, however, more moving and intimate. Zlata’s Diary gave readers a sense of sympathy for the ordinary people stuck in the Balkan region. Filipovic’s writings raised world awareness of the senseless conflict in Sarajevo. “I see that things aren’t good here,” Filipovic writes. “An ugly war is taking away my childhood.” After two years of enduring the war in Sarajevo, Filipovic’s family escaped to Paris in December of 1993. Zlata’s Diary was then printed by an international publisher. It became an instant bestseller. It has since been translated into 35 languages. Outside Bosnia, Filipovic continued to show deep concern for her torn homeland. In the following years, she gave many talks on the impact of war on children. She spoke often about the need for a stable, lasting peace in the Balkan region. Filipovic eventually attended a British University and received a degree in human sciences. Today, the well-being of the Balkan region remains on her mind. Now Filipovic wants to use her experience to promote peace in a rapidly changing Europe. She hopes that her stories of war will make people listen to her message of peace. 8．The underlined word “harrowing” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_______.” A．memorable B．disturbing C．embarrassing D．enriching 9．What was special about Zlata’s Diary? A．It wrote about war in different languages. B．It was as attractive as the daily news report. C．It helped the world see war through the eyes of a child. D．It made the world know better about the Bosnian conflict. 10．It can be learned from the passage that ______. A．Zlata was promoting peace with her stories of war B．Zlata’s nose was seriously wounded in the conflict C．Zlata kept her diary a secret until the winter of 1993 D．Zlata felt relieved after escaping from the war in Sarajevo 11．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Zlata Filipovic: growing up in war B．Zlata Filipovic: writing against war C．Zlata Filipovic: changing the world D．Zlata Filipovic: loving peace in heart Passage 04 【应用文】 【来源】2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题 Bring the beauty of native birds into your home with unique artwork by Pam McGrath Australia and its offshore islands and territories have 898 recorded bird species as of 2014. Of the recorded birds, 165 are considered accidental visitors, of the remainder over 45% are classified as Australian endemics: found nowhere else on earth. It has been suggested that up to 10% of Australian bird species may go extinct by the year 2100 as a result of climate change. Artist Pam McGrath expresses her lifetime concern for wildlife conservation through these acrylic paintings of Australian birds. While celebrating their beauty and diversity, the birds are presented in abstract design with straight lines, rather than the delicate natural form, to suggest the challenges of their adaption to environmental change. 1 2 3 4 5 Each of these framed, one-of-a-kind original artworks is available for purchase from $80 (plus $50 packing and sending). The perfect gift for the nature-lover or art-lover in your life, you’ll also be generously gifting your local charity, as 50% of the purchase price goes towards helping Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland (WPSQ) continue its important work. 12．According to the passage, which of the following is true about Australian birds? A．Australia has the most recorded bird species around the world. B．A large number of bird species could only be found in Australia. C．By 2010, more birds will be visitors rather than local endemics. D．Almost one-tenth local bird species went extinct in recent years. 13．What does Pam McGrath want to express through her paintings of birds? A．Her love for the beauty of Australian birds. B．The delicate skills of creating abstract art. C．Her appreciation of the work of a local charity. D．The importance of protecting the wildlife. 14．How much goes towards your local charity if you purchase painting number 4? A．$40. B．$80. C．$105. D．$130. Passage 05 【说明文】 【来源】上海市浦东复旦附中分校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月第二次测试英语试题 No offense to you, but scientists have found that mosquitoes may find your feet as appealing as Limburger cheese. If that’s you, don’t panic-it doesn’t mean you’re not washing them enough. Mosquitoes are simply attracted by certain DNA． A research team out of London recently investigated the genetic role in mosquito attraction by testing the bite appeal of 18 identical and 19 fraternal (异卵的) pairs of female twins. In a series of tests, 20 hungry mosquitoes were released into the end of a Y-shaped tube and allowed to choose whether to follow their noses left or right. Down either path was one twin’s hand, releasing its delicious natural odors (气味) but protected from bites behind a screen. After testing all 37 twin pairs, scientists found that the identical twins had consistently more similar attraction scores than the fraternal ones did — specifically, 67 percent of a person’s insect attractiveness had to do with her genes. So what’s the deal: Is DNA smelly? Thankfully, no. But specific DNA does attract unique species of micro-bacteria to your body — and those are what mosquitoes just can’t resist. Each of us, right now, is covered with about 100 trillion microbes (微生物), outnumbering our human DNA ten to one. Maybe stranger still: Scientists believe we share only a small part of these microbial species with one another, making our “microbiome” — the world of bacteria living in and on us — distinct, just like our fingerprints. In addition to producing many of the vitamins and chemicals in our blood, our microbiome is thought to be responsible for most of our distinct odors as well. Different mosquitoes prefer different smells from different parts of the body, and those smells come from chemicals produced by our microbiomes. So the next time a group of hungry mosquitoes flying around your cousin but leaves you bite-free, thank your DNA for the world of microscopic creatures on your skin that produce just the right smell to make the mosquitoes dizzy. 15．What is the main reason why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others? A．They have a specific type of DNA． B．They don’t wash their hands enough. C．They eat too much Limberger cheese. D．They have some especially smelly DNA． 16．What was the primary method used by researchers in London in their study? A．Measuring the amount of sweat produced by twins. B．Comparing the bacteria on the hands of the 37 twins. C．Releasing mosquitoes into a tube to follow their noses. D．Observing mosquitoes’ behavior in a natural environment. 17．Why is our microbiome compared to our fingerprints in paragraph 4? A．They both need vitamins. B．They are both unique to us. C．They both contain the same chemicals. D．They are both responsible for our odors. 18．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Why mosquitoes are smelly? B．How mosquito bites harm us? C．Why mosquitoes find you irresistible? D．How mosquito bites are hard to discover? 二、真题演练 【2023年1月春考(A篇)】 Until I was six,my family lived in a rural part of the state, in the remote Alaska native village of Fort Yukon, about 140 air miles from the nearest Judy's(快餐店)，down in Fairbanks. We didn't have running water in Fort Yukon, but we had a TV, and during the time we lived up there, The Wizard of Oz was broadcast once a year. I was transfixed by the movie, by this little girl's ability to travel from her dull, rural home to a shining,magical kingdom filled with wonders. I could relate to Dorothy, had even once flown over a rainbow on the way into Fairbanks, and to me, Oz perfectly illustrated the world beyond our tiny town, what it was, what it meant. Besides The Wizard of Oz, the other thing that taught me about the real world outside Fort Yukon was Judy's. I would nearly press my nose to the screen whenever a Judy's commercial came on. I would scan the commercials for every tiny detail about what life was like when you lived somewhere where there was a Judy's: sunshine, happy music, people ate food in brightly colored packages and lived in houses with sidewalks and lawns. We went into Fairbanks a few times each year; whenever we flew in a visit to Judy's was almost guaranteed. Going into Fairbanks and eating at Judy's conferred status. But the truth is, the food hardly even mattered. Being at Judy's meant that I was in a city big enough to have one. That world looked nothing like what I saw in Fort Yukon. But if I could fit in at Judy's, I could fit into the bigger world, I thought. It took leaving for me to understand that none of this was true, that life is hard everywhere, that if you thought you weren't happy without Judy's , you wouldn't be happy with it. After we moved to Fairbanks,even though Judy's was right there, we didn't go much anymore, I don't remember minding. Judy's, I soon learned, was convenient for people in Fairbanks more than it was special, and we couldn't afford not to plan ahead. People ate there if they couldn't go to nicer restaurants. Despite the newfound pleasures of Fairbanks, it didn't take long for homesickness to set in.I now missed Fort Yukon as much as I used to want to go to Judy's; that is to say,powerfully.I missed the wood smoky way Fort Yukon smells, the way the light slants hard right up on the Arctic Circle, the way everyone knows everyone else. I missed the coziness of the mission house,the nooks I curled up in to read, the way all my friends were within walking distance.I missed the village grandmas, who loved all children as if they were their own. 56. What did the author learn from TV when they lived on Fort Yukon? A. They learned about the furnishings of the restaurant. B. They learned about a variety of delicious food that they had never eaten before. C. They learned about the production process of the Wizard of Oz film. D. They learned about the world outside of the town. 57. What does the underlined word in the fifth paragraph refer to? A.Adapting to Judy's, you can get a foothold in a big city. B. Judy's is very popular with migrant workers in every city. C. Weekend life without Judy's food can be extremely difficult. D. Judy's has a pivotal role in fast-paced cities. 58. What was their attitude towards Judy's when they moved to Fairbanks? A. They almost stopped visiting fast-food restaurants. B. They still yearned for the fast food restaurants. C. They quit the habit of eating fast food in Judy's. D. They chose healthier foods instead of fast food. 59. What is the last paragraph of the passage about? A. The review of daily work. B.The nostalgia(怀旧)for their home town. C. The transition in lifestyle. D. The way of daily commute. 【2022年1月春考(B篇)】 Summer Camp Rules Whether it s your child's first year at camp , or they are a seasoned camper and need a little refresher , it’s a good idea to go over summer camp rules and guidelines before leaving for camp. Camp rules are in place lo keep the camp community safe and camp operations running smoothly throughout their stay. 1. Keep Your Personal Space Clean Since your child will be in close quarters with many other campers , it’s important that they understand the necessity of keeping their sleeping and living areas organized. Go over ways for your child to stay organized and tidy before they leave for camp. When packing, make sure to provide a laundry bag to keep clean and dirty clothing separate. Utilize under bed space or put clothes on your shelves or cabinets rather than living out of your suitcase or camp trunk. It also helps to not over pack. Follow packing list guidelines closely so your child can find what they need without having to dig through piles of clothing that were not recommended. This also helps you child know what they have in their luggage so they pull out the sweatshirt when it gets cold. instead of thinking there wasn't one in their bag. Remind your child of their camp account so they can purchase items from the camp store if necessary. 2. Valuables at Camp As a best practice, we recommend leaving all valuables at home, Even if your child has a bracelet or necklace that they never take off, there is still the chance that it could be lost while swimming or participating in camp activities If you are thinking about bringing an expensive item of clothing, be prepared for it to gel lost or damaged. You may be better off buying a new, less expensive version. To be on the safe side, don't let your child bring anything irreplaceable or emotionally valuable to camp. 3. Play Nice Name calling,fighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prohibited at summer camp Camp is a place to make friends, so aggressive behavior is not tolerated. Remind your child that they don't have to be everybody's best friend, but they do have to be friendly to everyone. Encourage your child to go into camp with the mindset of making a few new friends, and chances are they will leave camp having made more than a few. 4. Have Fun and Try New Things At the end of the day, summer camp is about getting out of your comfort zone, trying new things, and having a blast. Before your child leaves for camp, congratulate them for being brave enough to try sleep away amp in the first place. Let them know that they've already won just by trying, and the fun part is just about to begin. Remind them again that summer camp rules exist only to improve the overall camp experience and to create a community of fun. 60. What is the purpose of clarifying the rules of summer camp? A. Enrich children's summer camp operation B. Ensure the safety of children participating in summer camp C. Cultivate children's ability to survive in the wild D. Help children develop good cleaning habits 61.Which of the following behaviors is advocated by the summer camp? A. Take your favorite valuables B Fight with camping friends C. Avoid participating in hazardous activities D. Keep personal camping supplies in order 62. What is the passage mainly about? A. Enjoy the unique fun brought by new things B. Make good friends wherever you are C. Follow the rules of summer camp D. Get enough sleep before camping 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $