专题12 阅读理解（试题类型）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题12 阅读理解（试题类型） 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词句理解题等题型的核心考点及典型设问方式 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 高考学考英语阅读理解以核心素养为导向，聚焦语言运用与思维能力的综合测评，其考查要求紧密围绕《普通高中英语课程标准》展开。在能力维度上，既要求考生精准捕获文章中的具体事实与细节，又强调对主旨大意、中心思想的提炼概括；既需理解文本的字面含义，更要深入挖掘深层逻辑、作者态度与隐含意图，同时还需结合语篇信息与生活常识进行分析判断。在文本选材上，突出交际性与多样性，涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文等多种体裁，话题涉及科技发展、文化交流、社会热点等领域，且语言地道、语篇结构复杂，常包含长难句与文化内涵，对阅读速度与词汇储备提出较高要求。 试题类型呈现清晰的能力梯度划分，主要可归为五大类且各有考查侧重。细节理解题最为基础，考查对时间、数据、事件等具体信息的定位与验证能力，需通过关键词匹配原文并规避“偷换概念”等干扰项；推理判断题与观点态度题侧重逻辑思维，前者要求基于原文信息进行合理推断而不越界，后者需通过情感词、语气词捕捉作者立场倾向；主旨大意题考查整体概括能力，需依托主题句或段落大意归纳核心思想，避免以偏概全；词义猜测题则聚焦语境解码能力，鼓励通过上下文逻辑或构词法推断生词、熟词生义的含义。从题型分布看，细节题占比最高，推断与主旨类题型考查呈上升趋势，凸显对语篇运用能力的侧重。 近年来考查要求呈现鲜明的发展趋势，更强调实战能力与综合素养。在词汇层面，超纲词、熟词生义频繁出现，生词注释减少，要求考生提升语境猜词能力；在阅读效率上，文本篇幅与信息量持续增加，阅读速度要求不断提高。同时，命题更注重文化渗透与思维深度，文本原汁原味性增强，中西文化差异相关内容时有出现，且题目设置愈发侧重对篇章逻辑、隐含信息的解读，要求考生运用略读、跳读等策略快速把握核心内容，展现批判性与辩证性思维。 题型一、细节理解题：精准定位与信息匹配 【核心考点】 细节直接提取能力：考查学生对文中具体事实、数据、人物、地点、原因等细节的精准抓取能力。这类题目往往能在原文中找到直接对应表述，如人物的姓名、事件发生的具体时间、产品的价格数值等。例如，若文章提到 "The conference will be held on July 15th, 2024, at the Beijing International Convention Center"，题目可能直接询问会议的举办日期或地点，学生需快速定位相关信息并准确作答。 间接理解能力：要求学生具备对原文信息进行同义转换与归纳概括的能力。命题人常通过近义词替换（如 replace→take the place of、purchase→buy）、句式改写（主动句与被动句转换）、语义提炼等方式设置题目。比如，原文表述为 "She substituted the old batteries with new ones"，题目可能会问 "What did she do to the old batteries?"，选项中给出 "She took the place of the old batteries with new ones"，学生需识破这种同义转换才能得出正确答案。 答案定位技巧：遵循 “题文同序” 原则，即题目顺序通常与文中信息出现的顺序一致。学生可据此快速锁定答案区间，同时利用关键词（如人名、数字、专有名词等）在相应段落中精准定位信息。例如，题目中出现 "According to Professor Smith"，学生即可在文中搜索 "Professor Smith" 出现的段落，快速找到相关内容，提升答题效率。 特殊细节辨析能力：涉及是非判断、数字计算等特殊类型的细节考查。在是非判断题中，需仔细甄别选项与原文内容是否相符，注意否定词、限定词等关键信息；数字计算题则可能要求学生对文中给出的数值进行简单运算或单位换算。如文章给出 "The original price of the book is $20, and now it is on sale with a 20% discount"，题目可能问 "How much should you pay for the book now?"，学生需通过计算得出答案。 【典型设问】 Which program favors the disabled? 哪项计划对残疾人有利？ When can you see a play at the theater? 你什么时候能在剧院看一场戏剧？ Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? 在太平洋科学中心哪里可以买到纪念品？ How much should a couple with a kid pay to visit the museum? 一对带孩子的夫妇参观博物馆需要支付多少钱？ According to the passage, who will give the talk on environmental protection? 根据文章内容，谁将做关于环境保护的讲座？ Which of the following statements is TRUE about the competition? 关于这项比赛，下列哪项陈述是正确的？ What is the main reason for the changes in the local climate? 当地气候发生变化的主要原因是什么？ 题型二、推理判断题：深层逻辑与态度推断 【核心考点】 逻辑推理能力：着重考查考生基于原文信息，通过因果、对比、数据等逻辑关系进行深度分析的能力。在解题时，需精准定位 because、since、therefore 等因果逻辑词，compared with、while、whereas 等对比逻辑词，以及 percent、number、increase/decrease 等数据相关词汇，从而梳理出正确的逻辑脉络。例如，当出现 “The sales volume increased by 20% due to the new marketing strategy” 时，要能准确判断出 “新营销策略” 与 “销量增长” 之间的因果联系。 作者意图推断：要求考生具备分析作者态度（如乐观、批判、中立等）及写作意图的能力。这需要深入剖析文中 形容词、副词 的感情色彩，以及作者对事件的描述方式和语气。比如，在描述某政策时频繁使用 “disastrous、ineffective” 等负面词汇，大概率表明作者持批判态度；若使用 “promising、encouraging” 等积极词汇，则可能体现乐观态度。同时，通过分析文章的结构和论述重点，也能推断出作者想要传达的核心观点和写作目的。 信息辨析能力：强调考生要能够清晰区分 “原文直接信息” 与 “推理得出结论”，避免过度引申或主观臆断。直接信息通常可在原文中直接找到对应语句，而推理结论则需要在理解原文的基础上进行合理推导。例如，原文提到 “Tom was late for school”，不能主观推断出 “Tom 总是迟到”，后者属于过度引申。解题时需紧扣文本，确保结论有理有据。 陷阱识别技巧：提醒考生要善于识别命题陷阱，尤其是 绝对化选项（包含 must、all、never、always 等词汇）。这类选项往往因表述过于绝对而与原文不符，因为在实际语境中，事物通常存在多种可能性和例外情况。如选项中出现 “All students must pass the exam”，而原文只是说 “Most students passed the exam”，该选项就属于绝对化表述，应果断排除。 【典型设问】 What can you infer from the last paragraph of the passage? 从文章的最后一段你能推断出什么？ What does the author suggest about online education in the text? 作者在文中对在线教育提出了什么暗示？ We can conclude from the passage that renewable energy . 从文章中我们可以得出结论：可再生能源。 What's the author's attitude towards the development of AI technology? 作者对人工智能技术的发展持什么态度？ The passage implies that the traditional method will ______ in the future. 这篇文章暗示传统方法在未来将会______。 What is the writer's purpose of mentioning the study in Paragraph 3? 作者在第三段提到这项研究的目的是什么？ 题型三、主旨大意题：语篇核心与主题提炼 【核心考点】 主旨提炼能力：高考英语阅读理解常要求考生精准把握文章整体脉络，提炼全文或段落主题。考生需重点关注文章首尾段的总结性表述，以及段落首句的引导性内容，这些往往是作者阐述核心观点的关键位置。例如，在议论文中，首段常引出话题并表明立场，尾段则总结升华；而在说明文里，首段会点明说明对象，尾段对其特点、影响等进行总结。 关键词抓取能力：识别高频主题词和转折词后的核心观点至关重要。高频主题词（如 innovation、sustainability）贯穿文章始终，帮助考生快速定位文章核心内容。转折词（but、however）则是重要信号，其后面往往隐藏着作者真正想强调的观点或与前文不同的看法。比如，文章先阐述了某种传统方法的优势，随后用 but 引出其存在的弊端，这时转折后的内容便是理解文章的关键。 信息辨析能力：学会区分 “段落细节” 与 “全文主旨” 是避免答题失误的关键。段落细节是为支撑主旨服务的局部信息，而全文主旨是文章的核心思想。考生在阅读时不能被某个段落的细节所误导，需从整体出发，综合分析各段落与主旨的关系。例如，文章中某一段详细描述了产品的某个功能，但全文主旨是介绍该产品的市场竞争力，那么这个功能细节就不能等同于全文主旨。 概括匹配能力：具备对段落小标题、主题句等概括性内容的匹配能力，可以帮助考生快速梳理文章结构。段落小标题通常是该段落内容的高度概括，主题句则点明段落核心。考生需将文中具体内容与这些概括性表述进行精准匹配，以此加深对文章的理解。比如，当小标题为 “产品创新点” 时，考生需在段落中找出与之对应的具体创新内容，判断其是否准确体现了小标题的含义。 【典型设问】 What is the main idea of the passage? 这篇文章的主旨是什么？ Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 下列哪项最适合作为本文的标题？ What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? 第二段主要讲了什么内容？ The passage is mainly concerned with . 这篇文章主要关注。 What is the central topic of the passage? 这篇文章的核心主题是什么？ Which heading fits best for the third section of the text? 哪个标题最适合文本的第三部分？ 题型四、词句猜测题：语境解码与语义推断 【核心考点】 利用上下文逻辑关系（并列、转折、因果等）推断词义。在并列结构中，and、or 等连词连接的词汇往往具有相近语义，例如 "She is diligent and industrious"，通过 and 可推断 industrious 与 diligent 同义，均表示 "勤奋的"；在转折语境下，but、however 等词连接的内容语义相反，如 "He is not shy, but outgoing"，通过 but 能判断 outgoing 意为 "外向的"，与 shy 形成反义。因果关系中，由 because、so 等词引导的句子，可根据结果或原因推导生词，如 "The river has been contaminated, so the fish are dying"，从鱼死亡的结果可知 contaminated 表示 "污染"。 借助语法结构解析生词含义。定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，例如 "The novel, which depicts the harsh life in the slums, won the Nobel Prize"，通过 which 引导的从句描述可推测 depicts 意为 "描绘"；破折号用于补充说明，如 "The ancient artifact — a well-preserved bronze vase — attracted many scholars"，破折号间内容解释 artifact 是 "保存完好的青铜花瓶"，由此明确词义。 结合词汇复现及文化背景猜测词义。原词复现如 "The athlete's endurance was remarkable. It allowed him to run marathons without tiring easily. This endurance came from years of training"，通过前后多次出现的 endurance 确定其为 "耐力"；同义词复现如 "The politician's eloquence was impressive. His persuasive speech won over the audience"，由 persuasive 推测 eloquence 指 "口才"；反义词复现如 "Unlike his frugal brother, Tom was wasteful"，通过 wasteful 可知 frugal 意为 "节俭的"。文化背景方面，除了 "Pandora's box→灾难根源"，"Achilles' heel" 源于希腊神话，指代 "致命弱点" ，需结合文化常识理解。 对熟词生义、短语搭配及指代内容的识别能力。熟词生义如 "bank" 常见义为 "银行"，但在 "the river bank" 中表示 "河岸"；短语搭配上，"take in" 除了 "吸收"，还有 "欺骗"（Don't be taken in by his words）等含义。指代内容方面，需明确代词所指，如 "Tom gave John a book and told him to read it"，结合语境判断 it 指代 "book"，him 指代 "John"。 【典型设问】 What does the underlined word "diligent" probably mean in Paragraph 4? 第四段中划线单词 “diligent” 可能是什么意思？ The phrase "take the place of" in Line 5 is closest in meaning to ______. 第 5 行中的短语 “take the place of” 与______意思最接近。 What does the pronoun "it" refer to in the last sentence? 最后一句中的代词 “it” 指代什么？ The underlined sentence "This is a double-edged sword" implies that the new policy . 划线句子 “这是一把双刃剑” 暗示新政策。 Which of the following can best explain the word "sustainability" as used in the text? 下列哪项最能解释文中 “sustainability” 一词的含义？ 考点精讲讲练 1 【2025浙江1月卷】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 29．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants. C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking. C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected. 31．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 28．词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。 2 【2025浙江1月卷】As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”   Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32．What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A．To reduce stereotypes. B．To meet public demand. C．To cut production costs. D．To encourage competition. 33．What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A．Design a product. B．Respond to a survey. C．Work as assistants. D．Take a language test. 34．Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A．They cannot be mass-produced. B．Naming them is a challenging task. C．People assume they are unreliable. D．Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．D 35．B 【解析】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. (斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A项。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self driving car known as ‘Miuu.’ (在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a ‘he’ or ‘she.’ (马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D项。 35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’ (然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B项。 1 Arcaea vs CHUNITHM - Cross Axis: Collaboration Analysis     Introduction to the Games Arcaea is a popular 3D rhythm game known for its dynamic track design, dual-button mechanics, and a rich storyline intertwined with fragmented memories. Players tap, hold, and slide to the beat of electronic and classical tracks. CHUNITHM, developed by SEGA, is an arcade rhythm game featuring a vertical touch panel and air motions. It boasts a vast library of songs across genres, from anime themes to original compositions. Both games emphasize skill-based gameplay and have passionate global communities.     Rules Arcaea and CHUNITHM stand head-to-head in a never before seen crossover: “Arcaea vs CHUNITHM - Cross Axis”! Join the duel by playing the applicable songs in Arcaea or CHUNITHM to contribute toward the respective gauges! Obtain in-game rewards once both gauges reach 100%—and unlock the collaboration song and character revealed at “KING of Performai The 6th”! Additionally, further in-game rewards can be obtained in Arcaea or CHUNITHM depending on which gauge reaches 100% first!     How to participate in Arcaea 1. Enter the limited time event chapter in World Mode. 2. Complete songs in the Map to contribute to the progress of the Arcaea gauge. 3. Those who participate in the event will receive 25 Ether Drops once both sides reach 100%. If the Arcaea gauge reaches 100% first, 100 Ether Drops will be granted instead! *The song reward in Arcaea will be added to the CHUNITHM Collaboration Chapter 4 Pack Append     How to participate in CHUNITHM 1. Play any exchanged song or song featured in both Arcaea and CHUNITHM. 2. Complete songs to contribute to the progress of the CHUNITHM gauge. 3. Those who participate will receive 1 Penguin chick statue once both sides reach 100%. If the CHUNITHM gauge reaches 100% first, 1 Penguin statue will be granted instead! *The song and character unlock map will open the day after both gauges reach 100%. 1．Conditional Reward Analysis: What would happen if both the Arcaea and CHUNITHM gauges reach 100% simultaneously? A．Players receive both the Penguin statue and 100 Ether Drops. B．Arcaea players get 25 Ether Drops, and CHUNITHM players get a Penguin chick statue. C．The collaboration song is unlocked immediately. D．The event chapter closes permanently. 2．Which of the following is required for CHUNITHM players to contribute to their gauge? A．Purchasing the Collaboration Chapter 4 Pack Append B．Playing songs exclusive to Arcaea C．Completing songs featured in both games or exchanged songs D．Entering the World Mode event chapter 3．Why does the article mention the “KING of Performa! The 6th” event? A．To criticize the event’s lack of originality. B．To emphasize the exclusivity of the collaboration rewards. C．To explain the origin of the song and character design. D．To compare it with previous collaborations. 2 Four wonderful online activities Basic Mediation (调解) Skills Training Date and time: July 22, 9 pm — August 2, 2 pm During this training, you will learn the basic knowledge of mediation, including communication strategies and talk skills. Our experienced instructors will guide you through real-life cases and case studies, allowing you to practice and apply your new-found knowledge. Online Creative Writing Summer Camp Date and time: July 9, 1 pm — 5pm Welcome to Online Creative Writing Summer Camp! Get ready to discover your creativity from the comfort of your own home. This camp is designed for writers of all levels who want to improve their skills and learn new skills. Don’t miss this chance to connect with fellow writers, receive feedback (反馈) on your work, and take your writing to the next level. Youth Innevation (创新) Program at Lasell University About this event: Event lasts 12 hours Lasell University’s pre-college programs are for middle and high school students to explore their creativity and build the important life skills to give them what they need to succeed in life. Do you love shoes? Ever wonder how shoe innovators come up with their designs? Take this 4-week course and learn from Senior Footwear Innovator about the design and development of shoes. Maths: Understanding fluency Date and time: Wednesday, 3 July 19:45 — 20:45 Years: Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Primary Mathematical fluency is related to the development of number sense, which allows learners to understand numbers deeply and use them freely. This course explores how we can help learners to think effectively (有效地) so they have the skills to fall back on if they are unable to remember fluency facts and also to help them to solve problems that are related to numbers. 4．What can people get in the writing camp? A．New writing materials. B．Chances to become famous. C．Experience from different authors. D．Chances to publish their own works. 5．What is the goal of the program at Lasell University? A．To increase students’ sense of fashion. B．To design shoes for younger children. C．To make students prepared for the college life. D．To let students know about the shoe industry. 6．What do the four activities have in common? A．They all focus on usefulness. B．They are based on real-life cases. C．They encourage people’s creativity. D．They are designed by experienced instructors. 3 For more than 50 years, music therapists (治疗师) have used a practice called the “iso principle” to help people transform their moods through music. The iso principle meets people where they are with music that reflects their emotional state. Then, the therapist gradually introduces musical selections that gently encourage their client’s mood. A music therapist might measure a client’s heart rate and match a fast-paced piece of music to their beat. Subsequent music will gradually slow in rhythm, which will ease the client toward a lower heart rate and a calmer feeling. Researchers have identified 121 beats per minute as an ideal pace for productivity — that’s the rhythm of Whitney Houston’s 1987 song “I Wanna Dance with Somebody”. But at work, many of us are better served by listening to music without “narrative lyrics (歌词),”or words that tell a story. Several studies have connected them such as pop songs with lower productivity because we just can’t help focusing on their words, which distracts us from the task at hand. So how should you choose the right music to help you boost your productivity? If you are doing a repetitive task that doesn’t require complex thinking but asks you to stay focused for a long time, more exciting music could keep you energized and engaged. If you are doing deep or creative thinking, you might like to choose music that is calm, and that gives your mind space to fill in the complex blanks. And then there’s your mood. If you’re feeling down, a slight increase in the energetic vibe(氛围)of your music can inch your mood up, perhaps enough to help you plug into your work with renewed energy. Just remember the “iso principle”, so you don’t try to make a mood or productivity shift that’s too shocking. Meet yourself where you are... and let your day unfold from there. 7．What does the “iso principle” refer to? A．A practice to introduce musical selections gradually. B．A music therapy method to improve productivity. C．A temporary reflection of people’s emotional state. D．A method of measuring heart rates with music. 8．How should one choose the right music for boosting productivity? A．By selecting only fast-paced music. B．By focusing on the lyrics of the song. C．By avoiding music with narrative lyrics completely. D．By matching the nature of the task and one’s mood. 9．What advice is given regarding the use of the “iso principle” at work? A．It should be used only when feeling down. B．It should always be applied with fast-paced music. C．It should increase the energetic vibe of the music. D．It should be used cautiously to avoid great changes. 10．What is the best title of the text? A．The Secret Behind Whitney Houston’s Song B．The Power of Music in Boosting Productivity C．How Music Can Help You Achieve Your Daily Tasks Faster D．How the Iso Principle Transforms Client’s Moods with Music 4 Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward.Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle “He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge.” There is little doubt that Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in literature. Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories now exist in over 70 languages, and Holmes is the most portrayed literary character in film and television history. As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. There are many advantages to this. First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. On a literary level, having the story told by the companion helps keep the reader in suspense. If we had access to everything Holmes knew, the game would be over before it was happening. By seeing the Victorian world through Watson’s eyes, not only are we provided a picture that non-detectives can comprehend, but we get to enjoy Sherlock’s exciting adventures spoiler-free.The Great Gatsby by E. Scot Fitzgerald “Yet high over the city, our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets, and I was him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.” F. Scott Fitzgerald’s best-known work is a meditation on class in the supposedly egalitarian (平等主义) United States, the excesses of the 1920s, and how horrible it can be when the American Dream comes true. The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a young man who has moved to Long Island in hopes of becoming a stockbroker and cashing in on the 1920s boom. As the title suggests, the real hero of the story is his mysterious neighbor, Jay Gatsby. The difficulty of the story centers on Gatsby’s attempts to pursue Nick’s married cousin Daisy, his dreams of reliving the past, and his efforts to climb into the upper-class of American society. Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events. This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do. The resulting commentary on the life of the American upper crust (症结) has been debated for a century. 11．If written from the perspective of Sherlock Holmes instead of Dr. John Watson, the book Sherlock Holmes would be ________. A．short and to the point B．incomprehensible and long C．full of spoiler and suspense D．interesting but too professional 12．What can be inferred from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald? A．Nick Carraway is not just as observer but a driver of the story events. B．The real mysterious hero behind the title of the novel is Nick Garraway. C．Readers will know more about the American upper class from the perspective of  Jay Gatsby. D．The unreliable narrator prevents the reader from grasping the harms of pursuing the American Dream. 13．Quotes from Sherlock Holmes and The Great Gatsby given below the title respectively in order to ________. A．stick to the traditional pattern of a famous novel B．indicate the side character’s role as the narrator C．remind readers of the theme and plot of the novels D．explain the main character’s neglect of deep truths 14．What’s the message the author of the passage wants to convey through the two books mentioned? A．Classical novels must have quotes that have enduring power among readers. B．Stories told from the most important character’s perspective are still the mainstream. C．Individual, or historical eras can be deeply explored from a unique sideline perspective. D．Side characters in novels are usually dismissed as unimportant and can’t get their name in the title. 5 Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life. The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. When we step into this wilderness that is life, we are faced with the unknown at every turn. There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward. This uncertainty can be daunting, yet it is precisely this uncertainty that makes life infused with adventure and potential. Just as explorers in a wilderness must be prepared to face unexpected challenges and adapt to ever-changing circumstances, we too must cultivate resilience and flexibility in our life journey. We will encounter obstacles that seem insurmountable, situations that test our patience and resolve. However, it is through these trials that we discover our inner strength and capabilities that we never knew we possessed. Each difficulty overcome is a step forward in our personal growth and development. Moreover, the wilderness is a place of solitude and self-discovery. In the quiet expanse of the wilderness, away from the noise and distractions of civilization, one can hear the faint voice of their inner self. Similarly, life provides us with moments of solitude, times when we are stripped of external validations and material possessions, and are left alone with our thoughts. These moments, though sometimes uncomfortable, are crucial for self-reflection and introspection. They allow us to question our values, our goals, and our direction in life. It is in these moments of stillness that we can reconnect with our true passions and desires, away from the influences and expectations of others. We can then use this clarity to make more authentic and meaningful choices about our future. Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna, each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form. We learn from others, we share and exchange ideas, and together we create a richer tapestry of human experience. In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. The journey is not always easy, but it is in the challenges and the unknown that we find the opportunity for growth and transformation. So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience. 15．The author’s primary purpose is to . A．Critique humanity’s futile attempts to impose order on chaotic existence. B．Articulate a metaphorical framework for interpreting existential authenticity. C．Contrast biological ecosystems with social constructs of human civilization. D．Advocate for radical individualism through rejection of societal norms. 16．The ‌“delicate ecosystem” analogy (Paragraph 4) primarily serves to emphasize . A．The predatory nature of interpersonal competition B．Cognitive dissonance in multicultural environments C．Symbiotic interdependence of disparate elements D．Ephemeral quality of social hierarchies 17．The statement ‌“we are both the explorers and the explored” most profoundly suggests . A．Subjective-objective duality in phenomenological experience B．Dialectical tension between agency and determinism C．Recursive nature of introspective processes D．Paradoxical simultaneity of observer/participant roles 18．The ‌“inner compass” (Paragraph 2) metaphor contains an implicit critique of . A．Cartesian dualism’s mind-body dichotomy B．Utilitarian approaches to decision-making C．Behaviorist models of environmental adaptation D．Collectivist paradigms of social navigation 6 “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong - a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community - we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 19．According to Paragraph 1, what is the core message of Brian Nosek’s advice? A．Scientists should always be confident in their methods. B．The scientific method is unchanging and universal. C．There is a need for a more self-reflective approach in the scientific community. D．Methodological reformers are often criticized unfairly. 20．In the context of the article, what does the term “methodological reformers” most likely refer to? A．People who are against scientific reforms. B．Scientists who advocate for changes in scientific methods. C．Individuals who are resistant to change in their scientific work. D．Critics who question the value of scientific methods. 21．What is a potential benefit of adopting the “assume you are wrong” strategy according to the author? A．It can reduce personal attacks in scientific debates. B．It may lead to a decrease in the motivation of scientists. C．It will make scientific conclusions more reliable. D．It can improve the public’s understanding of science. 22．Considering the “assume you are wrong” strategy, which of the following applications in non-scientific fields is most likely to align with the principles discussed in the article? A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their initial instincts in making decisions. B．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults. C．Promoting a culture in educational institutions where teachers and students actively seek feedback to improve learning outcomes. D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives regardless of opposing views to maintain consistency. 7 “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 23．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B．Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C．People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D．The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 24．The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A．the enormous efforts of scientists at work B．the reliability of potential research results C．the public’s passion for scientific findings D．the improvement in the quality of evidence 25．The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A．discouraging B．ineffective C．unfair D．misleading 26．The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A．doubtful but sincere B．disapproving but soft C．authoritative and direct D．reflective and humorous 8 Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentives. There are often substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods. All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not to replicate (复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them — but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort. But there are also ways in which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries. It’s not like we don’t know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears. Why? Why aren’t scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think. In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test. We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure (终身教授) grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist? An oft-used metric (标准，度量) is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation. If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system (钻空子). And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud (欺诈). If malicious (恶意的) fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness. However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals. 27．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Scientists are expected to persistently devoted to exploration of reality. B．The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect. C．Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments’ results. D．The amount of science that does replicate is comforting. 28．What does deaf ears in the fourth paragraph probably refer to? A．The public. B．The incentive initiators. C．The peer researchers. D．The high-impact journal editors. 29．Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A．Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions. B．Competition for resources pushes researchers to publish in a more productive way. C．All the credentialed scholars and researchers will take up university professorships. D．The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited. 30．According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research? A．High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication. B．The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud. C．Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system. D．Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention. 9 Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain. While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram. Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced. While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be? While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon. Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers. Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook. 31．The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________. A．are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps B．address the Instagram - induced mental pain C．are only based on the data released by Facebook D．are not directed at the fundamental problem 32．Netflix is mentioned to __________. A．compare the criticisms against it and Facebook B．defend why Facebook is to blame C．suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point D．show Netflix does more harm to teens 33．The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________. A．it is human nature to get addicted to social media B．users decide on their experiences on social media C．people have a tendency to feel insecure online D．people are keen on fabricating their self - profile 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook B．the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide C．the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains D．the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers 10 Smartphones are our constant companions. For many of us, their glowing screens are a ubiquitous (十分普遍的) presence, drawing us in with endless distractions. They are in our hands as soon as we wake, and command our attention until the final moments before we fall asleep. Steve Jobs would not approve. In 2007, Jobs took the stage and introduced the world to the iPhone. If you watch the full speech, you will be surprised by how he imagined our relationship should be with this iconic (标志性的) invention. This vision is so different from the way most of us use these devices now. In his remarks, Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize (应用) its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. “It’s the best iPod we’ve ever made,” Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,” he later added. Both lines drew thunderous applause. The presentation confirms that Jobs imagined a simpler iPhone experience than the one we actually have more than a decade later. For example, there was no App Store when the iPhone was first introduced, and this was by design. Jobs was convinced that the phone’s carefully-designed native features were enough. He did not seek to completely change the rhythm of users’ daily lives. He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important — listening to music, placing calls, generating directions — and make them better. The minimalist (简约主义者) vision for the iPhone Jobs offered in 2007 is unrecognizable today — and that is a shame. Under what I call the “constant companion model,” we now see our smartphones as always-on portal (通道) to information. We have become so used to it over the past decade that it is easy to forget the novelty (新奇) of the device. It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones. Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you. Otherwise, you simply put it away outside of these activities. This approach removes this gadget (小玩意) from the position of a constant companion down to a luxury object, such as a fancy bike, that gives you great pleasure when you use it but does not dominate your entire day. Early in his 2007 keynote jobs said, “Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.” What he didn’t add, however, was the follow-up promise: “Tomorrow, we’re going to reinvent your life.” The smartphone is fantastic, but it was never meant to be the foundation for a new form of existence. If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life. 35．According to Steve Jobs, what was the main selling point of Apple’s first iPhone? A．It allowed its users to have access to the Internet. B．It was actually an iPod that could make phone calls. C．It was installed with applications by third-party developers. D．It could fulfill people’s desire to multitask in their daily lives. 36．According to the article, a minimalist smartphone user is likely to ________. A．expect to reinvent his life with the device B．buy the latest model of iPhone and see it as a luxury C．spend more time working than playing with his device D．remove the unnecessary applications from the device 37．The underlined word “it” in the 7th paragraph probably refers to ________. A．the native features of smartphones B．the information on the Internet C．the novelty of the device D．the constant companion model 38．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The minimalism of iPhone helps users bring out the best of the device. B．Jobs expected iPhone to be the foundation for a new form of existence. C．Smartphone users have changed their life to enjoy pleasant experiences. D．The invention of App Store has made smartphones luxury objects. 39．The author’s purpose in writing the article was to ________. A．tell readers why Steve Job created the iPhone B．remind readers not to be addicted to their smartphones C．show readers that smartphones can greatly change their lives D．encourage readers to block Internet access on their smartphones 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 阅读理解（试题类型） 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词句理解题等题型的核心考点及典型设问方式 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 高考学考英语阅读理解以核心素养为导向，聚焦语言运用与思维能力的综合测评，其考查要求紧密围绕《普通高中英语课程标准》展开。在能力维度上，既要求考生精准捕获文章中的具体事实与细节，又强调对主旨大意、中心思想的提炼概括；既需理解文本的字面含义，更要深入挖掘深层逻辑、作者态度与隐含意图，同时还需结合语篇信息与生活常识进行分析判断。在文本选材上，突出交际性与多样性，涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文等多种体裁，话题涉及科技发展、文化交流、社会热点等领域，且语言地道、语篇结构复杂，常包含长难句与文化内涵，对阅读速度与词汇储备提出较高要求。 试题类型呈现清晰的能力梯度划分，主要可归为五大类且各有考查侧重。细节理解题最为基础，考查对时间、数据、事件等具体信息的定位与验证能力，需通过关键词匹配原文并规避“偷换概念”等干扰项；推理判断题与观点态度题侧重逻辑思维，前者要求基于原文信息进行合理推断而不越界，后者需通过情感词、语气词捕捉作者立场倾向；主旨大意题考查整体概括能力，需依托主题句或段落大意归纳核心思想，避免以偏概全；词义猜测题则聚焦语境解码能力，鼓励通过上下文逻辑或构词法推断生词、熟词生义的含义。从题型分布看，细节题占比最高，推断与主旨类题型考查呈上升趋势，凸显对语篇运用能力的侧重。 近年来考查要求呈现鲜明的发展趋势，更强调实战能力与综合素养。在词汇层面，超纲词、熟词生义频繁出现，生词注释减少，要求考生提升语境猜词能力；在阅读效率上，文本篇幅与信息量持续增加，阅读速度要求不断提高。同时，命题更注重文化渗透与思维深度，文本原汁原味性增强，中西文化差异相关内容时有出现，且题目设置愈发侧重对篇章逻辑、隐含信息的解读，要求考生运用略读、跳读等策略快速把握核心内容，展现批判性与辩证性思维。 题型一、细节理解题：精准定位与信息匹配 【核心考点】 细节直接提取能力：考查学生对文中具体事实、数据、人物、地点、原因等细节的精准抓取能力。这类题目往往能在原文中找到直接对应表述，如人物的姓名、事件发生的具体时间、产品的价格数值等。例如，若文章提到 "The conference will be held on July 15th, 2024, at the Beijing International Convention Center"，题目可能直接询问会议的举办日期或地点，学生需快速定位相关信息并准确作答。 间接理解能力：要求学生具备对原文信息进行同义转换与归纳概括的能力。命题人常通过近义词替换（如 replace→take the place of、purchase→buy）、句式改写（主动句与被动句转换）、语义提炼等方式设置题目。比如，原文表述为 "She substituted the old batteries with new ones"，题目可能会问 "What did she do to the old batteries?"，选项中给出 "She took the place of the old batteries with new ones"，学生需识破这种同义转换才能得出正确答案。 答案定位技巧：遵循 “题文同序” 原则，即题目顺序通常与文中信息出现的顺序一致。学生可据此快速锁定答案区间，同时利用关键词（如人名、数字、专有名词等）在相应段落中精准定位信息。例如，题目中出现 "According to Professor Smith"，学生即可在文中搜索 "Professor Smith" 出现的段落，快速找到相关内容，提升答题效率。 特殊细节辨析能力：涉及是非判断、数字计算等特殊类型的细节考查。在是非判断题中，需仔细甄别选项与原文内容是否相符，注意否定词、限定词等关键信息；数字计算题则可能要求学生对文中给出的数值进行简单运算或单位换算。如文章给出 "The original price of the book is $20, and now it is on sale with a 20% discount"，题目可能问 "How much should you pay for the book now?"，学生需通过计算得出答案。 【典型设问】 Which program favors the disabled? 哪项计划对残疾人有利？ When can you see a play at the theater? 你什么时候能在剧院看一场戏剧？ Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? 在太平洋科学中心哪里可以买到纪念品？ How much should a couple with a kid pay to visit the museum? 一对带孩子的夫妇参观博物馆需要支付多少钱？ According to the passage, who will give the talk on environmental protection? 根据文章内容，谁将做关于环境保护的讲座？ Which of the following statements is TRUE about the competition? 关于这项比赛，下列哪项陈述是正确的？ What is the main reason for the changes in the local climate? 当地气候发生变化的主要原因是什么？ 题型二、推理判断题：深层逻辑与态度推断 【核心考点】 逻辑推理能力：着重考查考生基于原文信息，通过因果、对比、数据等逻辑关系进行深度分析的能力。在解题时，需精准定位 because、since、therefore 等因果逻辑词，compared with、while、whereas 等对比逻辑词，以及 percent、number、increase/decrease 等数据相关词汇，从而梳理出正确的逻辑脉络。例如，当出现 “The sales volume increased by 20% due to the new marketing strategy” 时，要能准确判断出 “新营销策略” 与 “销量增长” 之间的因果联系。 作者意图推断：要求考生具备分析作者态度（如乐观、批判、中立等）及写作意图的能力。这需要深入剖析文中 形容词、副词 的感情色彩，以及作者对事件的描述方式和语气。比如，在描述某政策时频繁使用 “disastrous、ineffective” 等负面词汇，大概率表明作者持批判态度；若使用 “promising、encouraging” 等积极词汇，则可能体现乐观态度。同时，通过分析文章的结构和论述重点，也能推断出作者想要传达的核心观点和写作目的。 信息辨析能力：强调考生要能够清晰区分 “原文直接信息” 与 “推理得出结论”，避免过度引申或主观臆断。直接信息通常可在原文中直接找到对应语句，而推理结论则需要在理解原文的基础上进行合理推导。例如，原文提到 “Tom was late for school”，不能主观推断出 “Tom 总是迟到”，后者属于过度引申。解题时需紧扣文本，确保结论有理有据。 陷阱识别技巧：提醒考生要善于识别命题陷阱，尤其是 绝对化选项（包含 must、all、never、always 等词汇）。这类选项往往因表述过于绝对而与原文不符，因为在实际语境中，事物通常存在多种可能性和例外情况。如选项中出现 “All students must pass the exam”，而原文只是说 “Most students passed the exam”，该选项就属于绝对化表述，应果断排除。 【典型设问】 What can you infer from the last paragraph of the passage? 从文章的最后一段你能推断出什么？ What does the author suggest about online education in the text? 作者在文中对在线教育提出了什么暗示？ We can conclude from the passage that renewable energy . 从文章中我们可以得出结论：可再生能源。 What's the author's attitude towards the development of AI technology? 作者对人工智能技术的发展持什么态度？ The passage implies that the traditional method will ______ in the future. 这篇文章暗示传统方法在未来将会______。 What is the writer's purpose of mentioning the study in Paragraph 3? 作者在第三段提到这项研究的目的是什么？ 题型三、主旨大意题：语篇核心与主题提炼 【核心考点】 主旨提炼能力：高考英语阅读理解常要求考生精准把握文章整体脉络，提炼全文或段落主题。考生需重点关注文章首尾段的总结性表述，以及段落首句的引导性内容，这些往往是作者阐述核心观点的关键位置。例如，在议论文中，首段常引出话题并表明立场，尾段则总结升华；而在说明文里，首段会点明说明对象，尾段对其特点、影响等进行总结。 关键词抓取能力：识别高频主题词和转折词后的核心观点至关重要。高频主题词（如 innovation、sustainability）贯穿文章始终，帮助考生快速定位文章核心内容。转折词（but、however）则是重要信号，其后面往往隐藏着作者真正想强调的观点或与前文不同的看法。比如，文章先阐述了某种传统方法的优势，随后用 but 引出其存在的弊端，这时转折后的内容便是理解文章的关键。 信息辨析能力：学会区分 “段落细节” 与 “全文主旨” 是避免答题失误的关键。段落细节是为支撑主旨服务的局部信息，而全文主旨是文章的核心思想。考生在阅读时不能被某个段落的细节所误导，需从整体出发，综合分析各段落与主旨的关系。例如，文章中某一段详细描述了产品的某个功能，但全文主旨是介绍该产品的市场竞争力，那么这个功能细节就不能等同于全文主旨。 概括匹配能力：具备对段落小标题、主题句等概括性内容的匹配能力，可以帮助考生快速梳理文章结构。段落小标题通常是该段落内容的高度概括，主题句则点明段落核心。考生需将文中具体内容与这些概括性表述进行精准匹配，以此加深对文章的理解。比如，当小标题为 “产品创新点” 时，考生需在段落中找出与之对应的具体创新内容，判断其是否准确体现了小标题的含义。 【典型设问】 What is the main idea of the passage? 这篇文章的主旨是什么？ Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 下列哪项最适合作为本文的标题？ What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? 第二段主要讲了什么内容？ The passage is mainly concerned with . 这篇文章主要关注。 What is the central topic of the passage? 这篇文章的核心主题是什么？ Which heading fits best for the third section of the text? 哪个标题最适合文本的第三部分？ 题型四、词句猜测题：语境解码与语义推断 【核心考点】 利用上下文逻辑关系（并列、转折、因果等）推断词义。在并列结构中，and、or 等连词连接的词汇往往具有相近语义，例如 "She is diligent and industrious"，通过 and 可推断 industrious 与 diligent 同义，均表示 "勤奋的"；在转折语境下，but、however 等词连接的内容语义相反，如 "He is not shy, but outgoing"，通过 but 能判断 outgoing 意为 "外向的"，与 shy 形成反义。因果关系中，由 because、so 等词引导的句子，可根据结果或原因推导生词，如 "The river has been contaminated, so the fish are dying"，从鱼死亡的结果可知 contaminated 表示 "污染"。 借助语法结构解析生词含义。定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，例如 "The novel, which depicts the harsh life in the slums, won the Nobel Prize"，通过 which 引导的从句描述可推测 depicts 意为 "描绘"；破折号用于补充说明，如 "The ancient artifact — a well-preserved bronze vase — attracted many scholars"，破折号间内容解释 artifact 是 "保存完好的青铜花瓶"，由此明确词义。 结合词汇复现及文化背景猜测词义。原词复现如 "The athlete's endurance was remarkable. It allowed him to run marathons without tiring easily. This endurance came from years of training"，通过前后多次出现的 endurance 确定其为 "耐力"；同义词复现如 "The politician's eloquence was impressive. His persuasive speech won over the audience"，由 persuasive 推测 eloquence 指 "口才"；反义词复现如 "Unlike his frugal brother, Tom was wasteful"，通过 wasteful 可知 frugal 意为 "节俭的"。文化背景方面，除了 "Pandora's box→灾难根源"，"Achilles' heel" 源于希腊神话，指代 "致命弱点" ，需结合文化常识理解。 对熟词生义、短语搭配及指代内容的识别能力。熟词生义如 "bank" 常见义为 "银行"，但在 "the river bank" 中表示 "河岸"；短语搭配上，"take in" 除了 "吸收"，还有 "欺骗"（Don't be taken in by his words）等含义。指代内容方面，需明确代词所指，如 "Tom gave John a book and told him to read it"，结合语境判断 it 指代 "book"，him 指代 "John"。 【典型设问】 What does the underlined word "diligent" probably mean in Paragraph 4? 第四段中划线单词 “diligent” 可能是什么意思？ The phrase "take the place of" in Line 5 is closest in meaning to ______. 第 5 行中的短语 “take the place of” 与______意思最接近。 What does the pronoun "it" refer to in the last sentence? 最后一句中的代词 “it” 指代什么？ The underlined sentence "This is a double-edged sword" implies that the new policy . 划线句子 “这是一把双刃剑” 暗示新政策。 Which of the following can best explain the word "sustainability" as used in the text? 下列哪项最能解释文中 “sustainability” 一词的含义？ 考点精讲讲练 1 【2025浙江1月卷】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 29．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants. C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking. C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected. 31．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 28．词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。 2 【2025浙江1月卷】As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”   Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32．What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A．To reduce stereotypes. B．To meet public demand. C．To cut production costs. D．To encourage competition. 33．What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A．Design a product. B．Respond to a survey. C．Work as assistants. D．Take a language test. 34．Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A．They cannot be mass-produced. B．Naming them is a challenging task. C．People assume they are unreliable. D．Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．D 35．B 【解析】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. (斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A项。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self driving car known as ‘Miuu.’ (在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a ‘he’ or ‘she.’ (马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D项。 35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’ (然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B项。 1 Arcaea vs CHUNITHM - Cross Axis: Collaboration Analysis     Introduction to the Games Arcaea is a popular 3D rhythm game known for its dynamic track design, dual-button mechanics, and a rich storyline intertwined with fragmented memories. Players tap, hold, and slide to the beat of electronic and classical tracks. CHUNITHM, developed by SEGA, is an arcade rhythm game featuring a vertical touch panel and air motions. It boasts a vast library of songs across genres, from anime themes to original compositions. Both games emphasize skill-based gameplay and have passionate global communities.     Rules Arcaea and CHUNITHM stand head-to-head in a never before seen crossover: “Arcaea vs CHUNITHM - Cross Axis”! Join the duel by playing the applicable songs in Arcaea or CHUNITHM to contribute toward the respective gauges! Obtain in-game rewards once both gauges reach 100%—and unlock the collaboration song and character revealed at “KING of Performai The 6th”! Additionally, further in-game rewards can be obtained in Arcaea or CHUNITHM depending on which gauge reaches 100% first!     How to participate in Arcaea 1. Enter the limited time event chapter in World Mode. 2. Complete songs in the Map to contribute to the progress of the Arcaea gauge. 3. Those who participate in the event will receive 25 Ether Drops once both sides reach 100%. If the Arcaea gauge reaches 100% first, 100 Ether Drops will be granted instead! *The song reward in Arcaea will be added to the CHUNITHM Collaboration Chapter 4 Pack Append     How to participate in CHUNITHM 1. Play any exchanged song or song featured in both Arcaea and CHUNITHM. 2. Complete songs to contribute to the progress of the CHUNITHM gauge. 3. Those who participate will receive 1 Penguin chick statue once both sides reach 100%. If the CHUNITHM gauge reaches 100% first, 1 Penguin statue will be granted instead! *The song and character unlock map will open the day after both gauges reach 100%. 1．Conditional Reward Analysis: What would happen if both the Arcaea and CHUNITHM gauges reach 100% simultaneously? A．Players receive both the Penguin statue and 100 Ether Drops. B．Arcaea players get 25 Ether Drops, and CHUNITHM players get a Penguin chick statue. C．The collaboration song is unlocked immediately. D．The event chapter closes permanently. 2．Which of the following is required for CHUNITHM players to contribute to their gauge? A．Purchasing the Collaboration Chapter 4 Pack Append B．Playing songs exclusive to Arcaea C．Completing songs featured in both games or exchanged songs D．Entering the World Mode event chapter 3．Why does the article mention the “KING of Performa! The 6th” event? A．To criticize the event’s lack of originality. B．To emphasize the exclusivity of the collaboration rewards. C．To explain the origin of the song and character design. D．To compare it with previous collaborations. 2 Four wonderful online activities Basic Mediation (调解) Skills Training Date and time: July 22, 9 pm — August 2, 2 pm During this training, you will learn the basic knowledge of mediation, including communication strategies and talk skills. Our experienced instructors will guide you through real-life cases and case studies, allowing you to practice and apply your new-found knowledge. Online Creative Writing Summer Camp Date and time: July 9, 1 pm — 5pm Welcome to Online Creative Writing Summer Camp! Get ready to discover your creativity from the comfort of your own home. This camp is designed for writers of all levels who want to improve their skills and learn new skills. Don’t miss this chance to connect with fellow writers, receive feedback (反馈) on your work, and take your writing to the next level. Youth Innevation (创新) Program at Lasell University About this event: Event lasts 12 hours Lasell University’s pre-college programs are for middle and high school students to explore their creativity and build the important life skills to give them what they need to succeed in life. Do you love shoes? Ever wonder how shoe innovators come up with their designs? Take this 4-week course and learn from Senior Footwear Innovator about the design and development of shoes. Maths: Understanding fluency Date and time: Wednesday, 3 July 19:45 — 20:45 Years: Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Primary Mathematical fluency is related to the development of number sense, which allows learners to understand numbers deeply and use them freely. This course explores how we can help learners to think effectively (有效地) so they have the skills to fall back on if they are unable to remember fluency facts and also to help them to solve problems that are related to numbers. 4．What can people get in the writing camp? A．New writing materials. B．Chances to become famous. C．Experience from different authors. D．Chances to publish their own works. 5．What is the goal of the program at Lasell University? A．To increase students’ sense of fashion. B．To design shoes for younger children. C．To make students prepared for the college life. D．To let students know about the shoe industry. 6．What do the four activities have in common? A．They all focus on usefulness. B．They are based on real-life cases. C．They encourage people’s creativity. D．They are designed by experienced instructors. 3 For more than 50 years, music therapists (治疗师) have used a practice called the “iso principle” to help people transform their moods through music. The iso principle meets people where they are with music that reflects their emotional state. Then, the therapist gradually introduces musical selections that gently encourage their client’s mood. A music therapist might measure a client’s heart rate and match a fast-paced piece of music to their beat. Subsequent music will gradually slow in rhythm, which will ease the client toward a lower heart rate and a calmer feeling. Researchers have identified 121 beats per minute as an ideal pace for productivity — that’s the rhythm of Whitney Houston’s 1987 song “I Wanna Dance with Somebody”. But at work, many of us are better served by listening to music without “narrative lyrics (歌词),”or words that tell a story. Several studies have connected them such as pop songs with lower productivity because we just can’t help focusing on their words, which distracts us from the task at hand. So how should you choose the right music to help you boost your productivity? If you are doing a repetitive task that doesn’t require complex thinking but asks you to stay focused for a long time, more exciting music could keep you energized and engaged. If you are doing deep or creative thinking, you might like to choose music that is calm, and that gives your mind space to fill in the complex blanks. And then there’s your mood. If you’re feeling down, a slight increase in the energetic vibe(氛围)of your music can inch your mood up, perhaps enough to help you plug into your work with renewed energy. Just remember the “iso principle”, so you don’t try to make a mood or productivity shift that’s too shocking. Meet yourself where you are... and let your day unfold from there. 7．What does the “iso principle” refer to? A．A practice to introduce musical selections gradually. B．A music therapy method to improve productivity. C．A temporary reflection of people’s emotional state. D．A method of measuring heart rates with music. 8．How should one choose the right music for boosting productivity? A．By selecting only fast-paced music. B．By focusing on the lyrics of the song. C．By avoiding music with narrative lyrics completely. D．By matching the nature of the task and one’s mood. 9．What advice is given regarding the use of the “iso principle” at work? A．It should be used only when feeling down. B．It should always be applied with fast-paced music. C．It should increase the energetic vibe of the music. D．It should be used cautiously to avoid great changes. 10．What is the best title of the text? A．The Secret Behind Whitney Houston’s Song B．The Power of Music in Boosting Productivity C．How Music Can Help You Achieve Your Daily Tasks Faster D．How the Iso Principle Transforms Client’s Moods with Music 4 Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward.Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle “He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge.” There is little doubt that Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in literature. Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories now exist in over 70 languages, and Holmes is the most portrayed literary character in film and television history. As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. There are many advantages to this. First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. On a literary level, having the story told by the companion helps keep the reader in suspense. If we had access to everything Holmes knew, the game would be over before it was happening. By seeing the Victorian world through Watson’s eyes, not only are we provided a picture that non-detectives can comprehend, but we get to enjoy Sherlock’s exciting adventures spoiler-free.The Great Gatsby by E. Scot Fitzgerald “Yet high over the city, our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets, and I was him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.” F. Scott Fitzgerald’s best-known work is a meditation on class in the supposedly egalitarian (平等主义) United States, the excesses of the 1920s, and how horrible it can be when the American Dream comes true. The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a young man who has moved to Long Island in hopes of becoming a stockbroker and cashing in on the 1920s boom. As the title suggests, the real hero of the story is his mysterious neighbor, Jay Gatsby. The difficulty of the story centers on Gatsby’s attempts to pursue Nick’s married cousin Daisy, his dreams of reliving the past, and his efforts to climb into the upper-class of American society. Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events. This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do. The resulting commentary on the life of the American upper crust (症结) has been debated for a century. 11．If written from the perspective of Sherlock Holmes instead of Dr. John Watson, the book Sherlock Holmes would be ________. A．short and to the point B．incomprehensible and long C．full of spoiler and suspense D．interesting but too professional 12．What can be inferred from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald? A．Nick Carraway is not just as observer but a driver of the story events. B．The real mysterious hero behind the title of the novel is Nick Garraway. C．Readers will know more about the American upper class from the perspective of  Jay Gatsby. D．The unreliable narrator prevents the reader from grasping the harms of pursuing the American Dream. 13．Quotes from Sherlock Holmes and The Great Gatsby given below the title respectively in order to ________. A．stick to the traditional pattern of a famous novel B．indicate the side character’s role as the narrator C．remind readers of the theme and plot of the novels D．explain the main character’s neglect of deep truths 14．What’s the message the author of the passage wants to convey through the two books mentioned? A．Classical novels must have quotes that have enduring power among readers. B．Stories told from the most important character’s perspective are still the mainstream. C．Individual, or historical eras can be deeply explored from a unique sideline perspective. D．Side characters in novels are usually dismissed as unimportant and can’t get their name in the title. 5 Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life. The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. When we step into this wilderness that is life, we are faced with the unknown at every turn. There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward. This uncertainty can be daunting, yet it is precisely this uncertainty that makes life infused with adventure and potential. Just as explorers in a wilderness must be prepared to face unexpected challenges and adapt to ever-changing circumstances, we too must cultivate resilience and flexibility in our life journey. We will encounter obstacles that seem insurmountable, situations that test our patience and resolve. However, it is through these trials that we discover our inner strength and capabilities that we never knew we possessed. Each difficulty overcome is a step forward in our personal growth and development. Moreover, the wilderness is a place of solitude and self-discovery. In the quiet expanse of the wilderness, away from the noise and distractions of civilization, one can hear the faint voice of their inner self. Similarly, life provides us with moments of solitude, times when we are stripped of external validations and material possessions, and are left alone with our thoughts. These moments, though sometimes uncomfortable, are crucial for self-reflection and introspection. They allow us to question our values, our goals, and our direction in life. It is in these moments of stillness that we can reconnect with our true passions and desires, away from the influences and expectations of others. We can then use this clarity to make more authentic and meaningful choices about our future. Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna, each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form. We learn from others, we share and exchange ideas, and together we create a richer tapestry of human experience. In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. The journey is not always easy, but it is in the challenges and the unknown that we find the opportunity for growth and transformation. So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience. 15．The author’s primary purpose is to . A．Critique humanity’s futile attempts to impose order on chaotic existence. B．Articulate a metaphorical framework for interpreting existential authenticity. C．Contrast biological ecosystems with social constructs of human civilization. D．Advocate for radical individualism through rejection of societal norms. 16．The ‌“delicate ecosystem” analogy (Paragraph 4) primarily serves to emphasize . A．The predatory nature of interpersonal competition B．Cognitive dissonance in multicultural environments C．Symbiotic interdependence of disparate elements D．Ephemeral quality of social hierarchies 17．The statement ‌“we are both the explorers and the explored” most profoundly suggests . A．Subjective-objective duality in phenomenological experience B．Dialectical tension between agency and determinism C．Recursive nature of introspective processes D．Paradoxical simultaneity of observer/participant roles 18．The ‌“inner compass” (Paragraph 2) metaphor contains an implicit critique of . A．Cartesian dualism’s mind-body dichotomy B．Utilitarian approaches to decision-making C．Behaviorist models of environmental adaptation D．Collectivist paradigms of social navigation 6 “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong - a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community - we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 19．According to Paragraph 1, what is the core message of Brian Nosek’s advice? A．Scientists should always be confident in their methods. B．The scientific method is unchanging and universal. C．There is a need for a more self-reflective approach in the scientific community. D．Methodological reformers are often criticized unfairly. 20．In the context of the article, what does the term “methodological reformers” most likely refer to? A．People who are against scientific reforms. B．Scientists who advocate for changes in scientific methods. C．Individuals who are resistant to change in their scientific work. D．Critics who question the value of scientific methods. 21．What is a potential benefit of adopting the “assume you are wrong” strategy according to the author? A．It can reduce personal attacks in scientific debates. B．It may lead to a decrease in the motivation of scientists. C．It will make scientific conclusions more reliable. D．It can improve the public’s understanding of science. 22．Considering the “assume you are wrong” strategy, which of the following applications in non-scientific fields is most likely to align with the principles discussed in the article? A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their initial instincts in making decisions. B．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults. C．Promoting a culture in educational institutions where teachers and students actively seek feedback to improve learning outcomes. D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives regardless of opposing views to maintain consistency. 7 “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 23．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B．Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C．People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D．The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 24．The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A．the enormous efforts of scientists at work B．the reliability of potential research results C．the public’s passion for scientific findings D．the improvement in the quality of evidence 25．The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A．discouraging B．ineffective C．unfair D．misleading 26．The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A．doubtful but sincere B．disapproving but soft C．authoritative and direct D．reflective and humorous 8 Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentives. There are often substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods. All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not to replicate (复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them — but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort. But there are also ways in which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries. It’s not like we don’t know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears. Why? Why aren’t scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think. In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test. We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure (终身教授) grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist? An oft-used metric (标准，度量) is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation. If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system (钻空子). And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud (欺诈). If malicious (恶意的) fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness. However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals. 27．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Scientists are expected to persistently devoted to exploration of reality. B．The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect. C．Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments’ results. D．The amount of science that does replicate is comforting. 28．What does deaf ears in the fourth paragraph probably refer to? A．The public. B．The incentive initiators. C．The peer researchers. D．The high-impact journal editors. 29．Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A．Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions. B．Competition for resources pushes researchers to publish in a more productive way. C．All the credentialed scholars and researchers will take up university professorships. D．The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited. 30．According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research? A．High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication. B．The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud. C．Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system. D．Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention. 9 Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain. While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram. Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced. While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be? While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon. Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers. Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook. 31．The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________. A．are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps B．address the Instagram - induced mental pain C．are only based on the data released by Facebook D．are not directed at the fundamental problem 32．Netflix is mentioned to __________. A．compare the criticisms against it and Facebook B．defend why Facebook is to blame C．suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point D．show Netflix does more harm to teens 33．The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________. A．it is human nature to get addicted to social media B．users decide on their experiences on social media C．people have a tendency to feel insecure online D．people are keen on fabricating their self - profile 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook B．the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide C．the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains D．the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers 10 Smartphones are our constant companions. For many of us, their glowing screens are a ubiquitous (十分普遍的) presence, drawing us in with endless distractions. They are in our hands as soon as we wake, and command our attention until the final moments before we fall asleep. Steve Jobs would not approve. In 2007, Jobs took the stage and introduced the world to the iPhone. If you watch the full speech, you will be surprised by how he imagined our relationship should be with this iconic (标志性的) invention. This vision is so different from the way most of us use these devices now. In his remarks, Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize (应用) its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. “It’s the best iPod we’ve ever made,” Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,” he later added. Both lines drew thunderous applause. The presentation confirms that Jobs imagined a simpler iPhone experience than the one we actually have more than a decade later. For example, there was no App Store when the iPhone was first introduced, and this was by design. Jobs was convinced that the phone’s carefully-designed native features were enough. He did not seek to completely change the rhythm of users’ daily lives. He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important — listening to music, placing calls, generating directions — and make them better. The minimalist (简约主义者) vision for the iPhone Jobs offered in 2007 is unrecognizable today — and that is a shame. Under what I call the “constant companion model,” we now see our smartphones as always-on portal (通道) to information. We have become so used to it over the past decade that it is easy to forget the novelty (新奇) of the device. It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones. Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you. Otherwise, you simply put it away outside of these activities. This approach removes this gadget (小玩意) from the position of a constant companion down to a luxury object, such as a fancy bike, that gives you great pleasure when you use it but does not dominate your entire day. Early in his 2007 keynote jobs said, “Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.” What he didn’t add, however, was the follow-up promise: “Tomorrow, we’re going to reinvent your life.” The smartphone is fantastic, but it was never meant to be the foundation for a new form of existence. If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life. 35．According to Steve Jobs, what was the main selling point of Apple’s first iPhone? A．It allowed its users to have access to the Internet. B．It was actually an iPod that could make phone calls. C．It was installed with applications by third-party developers. D．It could fulfill people’s desire to multitask in their daily lives. 36．According to the article, a minimalist smartphone user is likely to ________. A．expect to reinvent his life with the device B．buy the latest model of iPhone and see it as a luxury C．spend more time working than playing with his device D．remove the unnecessary applications from the device 37．The underlined word “it” in the 7th paragraph probably refers to ________. A．the native features of smartphones B．the information on the Internet C．the novelty of the device D．the constant companion model 38．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The minimalism of iPhone helps users bring out the best of the device. B．Jobs expected iPhone to be the foundation for a new form of existence. C．Smartphone users have changed their life to enjoy pleasant experiences. D．The invention of App Store has made smartphones luxury objects. 39．The author’s purpose in writing the article was to ________. A．tell readers why Steve Job created the iPhone B．remind readers not to be addicted to their smartphones C．show readers that smartphones can greatly change their lives D．encourage readers to block Internet access on their smartphones 参考答案 1 1．B 2．C 3．B 【解析】本文是应用文。详细介绍了两款节奏游戏——Arcaea和CHUNITHM——之间的跨界合作活动“Arcaea vs CHUNITHM - Cross Axis”。 1．细节理解题。根据How to participate in Arcaea下的“3. Those who participate in the event will receive 25 Ether Drops once both sides reach 100%. If the Arcaea gauge reaches 100% first, 100 Ether Drops will be granted instead!(3. 当双方都达到100%时，参加活动的人将获得25个Ether Drops。如果Arcaea测量值首先达到100%，则会获得100个Ether Drops)”以及How to participate in CHUNITHM下的“3. Those who participate will receive 1 Penguin chick statue once both sides reach 100%. If the CHUNITHM gauge reaches 100% first, 1 Penguin statue will be granted instead!(3. 当双方达到100%时，参与者将获得1个Penguin chick雕像。如果CHUNITHM测量值首先达到100%，则将授予1个Penguin雕像！)”可知，Arcaea玩家将获得25个Ether Drops，CHUNITHM玩家将获得一个Penguin chick雕像。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据How to participate in CHUNITHM下的“1. Play any exchanged song or song featured in both Arcaea and CHUNITHM.(播放任何交换过来的歌曲或者同时出现在Arcaea和CHUNITHM中的歌曲)”以及“2. Complete songs to contribute to the progress of the CHUNITHM gauge.(完成歌曲，以促进CHUNITHM计量器的进展)”可知，CHUNITHM选手需要完成两款游戏的特色歌曲或交换歌曲来为他们的计量器做出贡献。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Join the duel by playing the applicable songs in Arcaea or CHUNITHM to contribute toward the respective gauges! Obtain in-game rewards once both gauges reach 100%—and unlock the collaboration song and character revealed at “KING of Performai The 6th”!(通过在Arcaea或CHUNITHM中播放合适的歌曲来加入决斗，为各自的标准做出贡献！当两个指标都达到100%时，获得游戏内奖励，并解锁在“KING of performance the 6th”上展示的合作歌曲和角色！)”可知，文章提到“KING of Performa! The 6th”是为了为彰显本次联名奖励的专属特权。故选B项。 2 4．C 5．C 6．A 【解析】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个有用的网上活动课程。 4．细节理解题。根据文章Online Creative Writing Summer Camp部分“Don’t miss this chance to connect with fellow writers, receive feedback (反馈) on your work, and take your writing to the next level.(不要错过这个与其他作家交流的机会，接受对你作品的反馈，并将你的写作提升到一个新的水平。)”可知，在这个写作夏令营中，人们可以与其他作家交流，得到不同作家的经验。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据文章Youth Innevation (创新) Program at Lasell University部分“Lasell University’s pre-college programs are for middle and high school students to explore their creativity and build the important life skills to give them what they need to succeed in life.(Lasell大学的预科课程面向中学生和高中生，旨在探索他们的创造力，培养重要的生活技能，为他们提供生活中取得成功所需的东西。)”可知，Lasell大学的这个项目是面向中学生和高中生的大学预科课程，其目标是让学生为大学生活做好准备。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据文章Basic Mediation (调解) Skills Training部分“During this training, you will learn the basic knowledge of mediation, including communication strategies and talk skills.(在这次培训中，你将学习调解的基本知识，包括沟通策略和谈话技巧。)”可知，基本调解技能培训是学习调解的沟通策略和谈话技巧，注重的是实用性；根据文章部分Online Creative Writing Summer Camp“This camp is designed for writers of all levels who want to improve their skills and learn new skills.(这一营地是为想要提高技能和学习新技能的各个水平的作家而设计的。)”可知，在线创意写作夏令营是为了提高作家的技能和学习新的技能，其关注的是实用性；根据文章Youth Innevation (创新) Program at Lasell University部分“Lasell University’s pre-college programs are for middle and high school students to explore their creativity and build the important life skills to give them what they need to succeed in life.(Lasell大学的预科课程面向中学生和高中生，旨在探索他们的创造力，培养重要的生活技能，为他们提供生活中取得成功所需的东西。)”可知，Lasell大学的这个项目是面向中学生和高中生的大学预科课程，其目标是让学生为大学生活做好准备，故其关注的是实用性；根据文章Maths: Understanding fluency部分“This course explores how we can help learners to think effectively (有效地) so they have the skills to fall back on if they are unable to remember fluency facts and also to help them to solve problems that are related to numbers.(这一课程探讨了我们如何帮助学习者有效地思考，这样他们就有了在无法流畅地解决问题时可以依靠的能力，并帮助他们解决与数字相关的问题。)”可知，数学课程是为了帮助学者解决与数字相关的问题，其关注的是实用性。由此可推知，这四个活动的共同点是它们都关注实用性。故选A。 3 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何利用音乐改变情绪，提高工作效率。 7．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“For more than 50 years, music therapists (治疗师) have used a practice called the “iso principle” to help people transform their moods through music.(50多年来，音乐治疗师一直使用一种名为“iso principle”的方法来帮助人们通过音乐转变情绪)”以及第二段的“The iso principle meets people where they are with music that reflects their emotional state. Then, the therapist gradually introduces musical selections that gently encourage their client’s mood.(iso principle是通过选用与人们当下情绪状态相契合的音乐来与他们产生共鸣。随后，治疗师会逐渐引入一些音乐选段，以温和地引导并鼓励客户情绪的转变)”可知，iso principle会根据人们的情绪状态选择音乐。然后，治疗师会逐渐引入音乐选择，温和地鼓励客户的情绪朝着他们希望的方向发展。由此推断，“iso principle”指的是逐步引入音乐选择的练习。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据第六段的“If you are doing a repetitive task that doesn’t require complex thinking but asks you to stay focused for a long time, more exciting music could keep you energized and engaged. If you are doing deep or creative thinking, you might like to choose music that is calm, and that gives your mind space to fill in the complex blanks.(如果你正在做一项重复性的任务，这项任务不需要复杂的思考，但要求你长时间保持专注，那么更激昂的音乐可以让你保持精力和专注度。如果你正在进行深度思考或创造性思考，你可能会更喜欢选择一些平静的音乐，这样的音乐能给你的思维留出空间，去填补那些复杂的空白)”以及第七段“And then there’s your mood.(然后，还要考虑你的情绪状态)”可知，选择合适的音乐以提高工作效率应该根据任务的性质和个人的情绪来匹配。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Just remember the ‘iso principle’, so you don’t try to make a mood or productivity shift that’s too shocking.(只需记住“等距原则”，这样你就不会试图做出过于剧烈的情绪或工作效率上的转变)”可知，在工作中使用“等距原则”时应该谨慎，以避免巨大的变化。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“For more than 50 years, music therapists (治疗师) have used a practice called the “iso principle” to help people transform their moods through music.(50多年来，音乐治疗师一直使用一种名为“等距原则”的方法来帮助人们通过音乐转变情绪)”可知，文章主要讲述了音乐治疗中的“等距原则”以及如何通过选择合适的音乐来提高工作效率，因此B选项“音乐在提高工作效率方面的力量”最能概括文章的主旨。故选B。 4 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨文学作品中配角视角的价值，以《福尔摩斯》和《了不起的盖茨比》为例说明其能揭示更深层的人性真相。 11．推理判断题。根据Sherlock Holmes部分第五段中的“First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader.(首先，福尔摩斯性格古怪，倾向于关注细节。从他的视角讲述一个短篇故事只会让故事变得冗长。华生医生将福尔摩斯的古怪之处转化为让读者不那么疲惫的内容)”及第六段“If we had access to everything Holmes knew, the game would be over before it was happening.(如果我们能知道福尔摩斯所知的一切，故事的悬念将荡然无存)”可知，若以福尔摩斯为叙事视角，故事可能因细节堆砌而冗长，且缺乏悬念（充满剧透）。故选B项。 12．推理判断题。根据The Great Gatsby部分倒数第二段中的“ Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events.(尼克是一个不可靠的叙述者，在故事中的许多主要事件中都出现了。然而，正如上面引用的暗示，他认为自己是一个观察者，而不是这些事件的驱动者)”可知，Nick Garraway在故事中的很多主要事件中都出现了。结合尾段中的“This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do.(这使我们能够从一个人那里获得对局势的外部视角 —— 这个人承认自己并不完全融入他所参与的世界，但同时仍是那些真正融入其中的人的亲密伙伴)由此推测，他不仅仅是观察者，同时也是故事事件的驱动者。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据Sherlock Holmes 部分的第三段中的“As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion.(作为一名侦探，福尔摩斯常常在解开谜团的过程中起主导作用，但故事却是从他的忠实朋友兼同伴约翰・H・华生医生的视角来讲述的)”以及The Great Gatsby by E. Scot Fitzgerald部分中的第二段中的“The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a young man who has moved to Long Island in hopes of becoming a stockbroker and cashing in on the 1920s boom.(这个故事是从尼克・卡拉威的视角来讲述的。他是一个搬到长岛的年轻人，希望成为股票经纪人，并在 20 世纪 20 年代的经济繁荣中获利)”可知，文中引用两段话分别对应配角（华生和尼克）的叙述视角。Sherlock Holmes的引用体现华生对福尔摩斯的观察评价，The Great Gatsby的引用通过尼克的内心独白展现其“既融入又疏离”的旁观者身份，两段引用均旨在表明配角作为叙述者的角色特点。故选B项。 14．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward.(一些著名小说表明，相较于那些忙于推动故事发展的主角，作为配角反而能让我们触及更深刻的真相，并对人性有更丰富的认知)”可知，首段点明“配角视角比主角更能揭示深层人性”，随后以两部小说为例，说明通过配角的旁观视角可深入探讨时代背景与人性本质，选项C“从独特的旁观者视角可深入探索个人或历史时代”最能概括作者观点。故选C项。 5 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章将生活比喻成荒野，从不确定性、自我发现、多样性与相互依存等方面阐述了这一比喻对理解生活本质和追求有意义生活的启示。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life.(生活可以被比喻成一片广阔的荒野，一片广袤而未知的领域等待着我们去探索。这个比喻蕴含着深刻的意义，能为我们提供对存在本质的独特见解，并引导我们走向更充实、更有目标的生活)”和最后一段中“So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience.(因此，让我们带着勇气和好奇心拥抱这片荒野。让我们不要害怕不确定和孤独，而是把它们看作是深入了解我们自己和周围世界的垫脚石。这样，我们才能真正过上真实、有意义、经验丰富的生活)”可知，作者把生活比喻成一片广阔的荒野，构建了一个隐喻框架，用来解读存在的真实性。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据第四段“Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna, each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form.(此外，荒野中充满了各种各样的动植物，每个物种都在一个微妙的生态系统中共存和相互作用。生活也以其多样性和相互联系为特征。我们会遇到来自不同背景、文化和各行各业的人，每个人都带来他们独特的观点和经历。这些互动丰富了我们对世界的理解，拓宽了我们的视野。就像荒野依靠生物多样性繁荣发展一样，我们通过建立多样化的关系使我们的生活更加充满活力和完整)”可知，“微妙的生态系统”这一比喻主要强调了不同元素之间的共生相互依存关系。故选C项。 17．推理判断题。根据第五段“In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves.(在这片叫做生活的荒野里，我们既是探索者又是被探索者。当我们向前迈进时，我们不仅发现了新的风景，也发现了自己新的一面)”可知，“我们既是探索者也是被探索者”这句话说明我们既是发现新风景的探索者，也是发现了自己新的一面的被探索者，暗示了观察者和参与者角色的矛盾同时性。故选D项。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段“There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward.(没有预先确定的道路，没有清晰的路标指引我们到达目的地。我们必须依靠我们的本能，我们内心的指南针，来找到前进的道路)”可知，这里强调依靠内心本能做决策，这隐含着对功利主义决策方法的批判，因为功利主义可能更注重外在的利益和结果，而不是内心的指引。故选B项。 6 19．C 20．B 21．A 22．C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假设你错了。”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。 19．细节理解题。由文章第一段““Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. (“假设你错了。”这个建议来自心理学教授Brian Nosek，他提出了一种追求更好科学的策略。)”可知，Brian Nosek建议的核心信息是科学界需要一种更加自我反思的方法。故选C。 20． 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. (methodological reformers说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢看到自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人擅长以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。因此，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程的一个受欢迎和整合的部分，而不是尴尬的插曲。)”可知，methodological reformers指的是“主张改变科学方法的人”。A. People who are against scientific reforms反对科学改革的人；B. Scientists who advocate for changes in scientific methods提倡改变科学方法的科学家；C. Individuals who are resistant to change in their scientific work在科学工作中抵制变革的个人；D. Critics who question the value of scientific methods质疑科学方法价值的批评者。故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong - a goal that your critic presumably shares. (相反，从假设你错了开始，批评就更容易解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是一个你的批评者可能也认同的目标。)”可知，采用“假设你是错的”策略的一个潜在好处是它可以减少科学辩论中的个人攻击。故选A。 22． 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. (但是，借助科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能够一起减少错误。)”可知，文章讨论的原则是共同合作以减少错误。在非科学领域中，最符合这一原则的应用是在教育机构中推广一种文化，教师和学生积极寻求反馈以改善学习成果。故选C。 7 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假定自己是错的”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段的“But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)”可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。 24．推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)”及第五段的“Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) ”可知，“假定自己是错的”这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。 25．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)”可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得“不那么错误”可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，“假定自己是错的”这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of  community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of  getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)”及最后一段的“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)”可知，作者用幽默的语调一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望。由此推知，作者在谈论这个未经检验的假设时使用的语气是反思和幽默的。故选D。 8 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法，无情地探索现实的结构。作者认为但是科学未能发展的更好的原因在于激励。大多数科学家对了解世界真的很感兴趣，而且是诚实的。激励的问题在于，它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下塑造文化规范。 27．细节理解他。根据第二段的“And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.(科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法，无情地探索现实的结构)”以及最后一段的“However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest.(然而，我相信大多数科学家对了解世界是真正感兴趣的，也是诚实的)”可知，总体上来说，科学家们一直致力于对现实的探索。故选A。 28．词句猜测题。根据第五段“It’s not like we don’t know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears.(并不是说我们不知道如何做得更好。研究科学方法的科学家已经知道可行的补救方法几十年了。不幸的是，他们的建议经常被置若罔闻)”可推知，deaf ears指的是大众，即大众经常对科学家的建议置若罔闻。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据第七段的“Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. (由于对资源的这种竞争，必须对科学家进行评估和比较)”和第八段的“An oft-used metric (标准，度量) is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different.(一个常用的指标是一个人在同行评议期刊上发表的文章数量，以及这些期刊的地位。像这样的指标可以直接比较研究人员，否则他们的工作可能会有很大的不同)”推知，作者认为资源竞争促使研究人员以更有成效的方式发表文章。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.(激励的问题在于，它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下形成文化规范)”可知，作者认为科学家的职业激励应该考虑他们的个人意愿。故选D。 9 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C 【解析】本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中，Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来，这是其诱发用户精神紧张，放大了自身的自尊问题所致，本质上是人的问题。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批评人士很快就指责Facebook搁置数据，不向要求提供数据的研究人员或学者提供数据。其他人批评这家社交媒体巨头没有利用这项研究为青少年用户创造更安全的体验。这种愤怒虽然可以理解，但却不恰当)”及第四段内容可知，作者认为对Instagram的批评并没有指向根本问题。故选D项。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business.(虽然我不愿意为Facebook辩护，但我不确定指责该公司隐瞒可能损害其业务的数据是否合理)”及“Have you ever binge - watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?(你曾经疯狂地看Netflix的电视剧吗？我向你保证这不是一个健康的尝试。你很活跃，可能没有做任何有成效的事情，漫无目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鲜空气。整个周末盯着电视或笔记本电脑，客观上是一种有害的时间利用。作为回应，我们是否应该羞辱Netflix，因为它没有提醒我们这种令人上瘾的产品有多大的危害)”可知，Netflix被提及是为了表明我们受到网络的影响很大原因是自己产生的，不能完全怪罪于网络媒体，Instagram也一样，作者在此表明批评者的言论并没有指出问题。故选C项。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self - sabotage— as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.(你在社交媒体上创造自己的体验。在大多数情况下，你可以选择关注和参与哪些账户。如果你已经像许多青少年一样容易受到不安全感和自我破坏的伤害，你会发现账户让你着迷。这并不是一个新现象)”可知，Instagram问题本质上是“人的问题”是因为用户在社交媒体上决定自己的体验，不是Instagram产生了这些问题。故选B项。 34．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem.(实际上，这不是Instagram的问题；这是人的问题)”及最后一段“Self - esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use.Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media.(自尊问题有一个潜在的原因，这个原因与社交媒体的使用无关。Instagram只是增强了这些感觉，因为它比旧的媒体形式提供了无限多的接触触发器的途径)”并结合全文内容可知，作者认为Instagram对于青少年用户产生心理影响，是其诱发精神紧张，放大自身的自尊问题所致。故选C项。 10 35．B 36．D 37．D 38．A 39．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了智能手机发展带给我们的思考，如果回归乔布斯最初设想的手机极简主义愿景，我们当中很多人都会过得更好；由此可知，作者的意图就是提醒读者不要过分的迷恋智能手机，而是要多回归到正常的生活中。 35．细节理解题。由第四段中的“In his remarks, Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize (应用) its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. “It’s the best iPod we’ve ever made,” Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,” he later added. (在他的讲话中，乔布斯花了很长时间演示用户如何使用触摸屏，然后详细介绍了苹果工程师改进古老的通话流程的许多方法。“这是我们制作过的最好的iPod，”乔布斯一度惊呼道。“杀手级应用正在打电话，”他后来补充道)”可知，使用苹果第一部iPhone打电话的方法很多，这是他们制作过的最好的iPod，可知苹果第一部iPhone的主要卖点是它实际上是一个可以打电话的iPod。故选B项。 36．推理判断题。由第五段中的“The presentation confirms that Jobs imagined a simpler iPhone experience than the one we actually have more than a decade later. For example, there was no App Store when the iPhone was first introduced, and this was by design. (这次演讲证实了乔布斯想象的iPhone体验比我们十多年后实际拥有的体验更简单。例如，iPhone首次推出时没有应用程序商店，这是经过设计的)”，第六段“The minimalist (简约主义者) vision for the iPhone Jobs offered in 2007 is unrecognizable today — and that is a shame. (2007年乔布斯提供的极简主义iPhone的愿景如今已无法辨认，这是一种耻辱)”和倒数第二段中的“Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you. (实际上，要成为一个极简智能手机用户，就意味着只需将你的设备用于少数对你有价值的功能)”可知，2007年发布的iPhone是极简主义智能手机的代表，上面没有应用程序商店，只有少数功能，可得出极简主义智能手机用户很可能会从设备中删除不必要的应用程序。故选D项。 37．词句猜测题。由第七段中的“Under what I call the “constant companion model,” we now see our smartphones as always-on portal (通道) to information. We have become so used to it over the past decade that it is easy to forget the novelty (新奇) of the device. (在我所说的“固定伴侣模式”下，我们现在看到我们的智能手机总是在信息门户上。在过去的十年里，我们已经习惯了it，以至于很容易忘记它的新奇之处)”可知，it用于指代上文，此处it指代上文“the constant companion model”。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。由第五段中的“He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important — listening to music, placing calls, generating directions — and make them better. (他只是想利用我们已经发现的重要经验——听音乐、打电话、指路——并使之更好)”，第七段中的“It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones. (我似乎越来越清楚，乔布斯可能从一开始就做到了：我们中的许多人最好还是回到他最初对手机的极简主义设想)”和最后一段中的“If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life. (如果你将这项创新（智能手机）回归到原来的角色，你将从你的手机和生活中获得更多)”可知，作者赞成乔布斯利用最少功能、发挥设备最大价值的极简主义智能手机，认为如果智能手机回归到极简模式，用户能从手机和生活中获得更多，可得出iPhone的极简主义帮助用户发挥设备的最佳性能。故选A项。 39．推理判断题。由第七段中的“Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones. (我们中的许多人最好还是回到他最初对手机的极简主义设想)”和最后一段中的“If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life. (如果你将这项创新（智能手机）回归到原来的角色，你将从你的手机和生活中获得更多)”可知，作者赞成极简主义智能手机，认为如果智能手机回归到极简模式，用户能从手机和生活中获得更多，作者意图就是提醒读者不要沉迷于智能手机，而是更多地回归到正常地生活中去。故选B项。 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $