专题04 阅读理解 （议论文+新闻报道）（期末真题分类汇编，河南专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解 议论文+新闻报道 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南信阳·期末） Towana Looney became the fifth American to receive a gene-edited pig organ last month and is recovering well. Looney’s transplant (移植) is the third time a kidney from a gene-edited pig has been transplanted into a living human, but previous transplants have been for people who were brain dead or at high risk of dying within months. Looney, who started dialysis (透析) treatment in2016 after developing kidney failure and was listed for kidney transplantation in early 2017, according to NYU Langone Health, where Looney received her transplant surgery, is the first otherwise healthy patient given a genetically edited pig kidney, raising hope that one day pig kidneys could help relieve the ongoing organ shortage. For various medical reasons, Looney could not find a human match, making her qualified for the still-experimental procedure. Looney said in a press conference Tuesday that she feels “blessed” to have received “a second chance at life. ” “I want to give courage to those on dialysis, ” she added. “It’s not easy, and it’s not the only option. There’s hope. ” The world’s first genetically edited pig kidney transplant into a living human was performed earlier this year, but the recipient died nearly 2 months later. The first combined mechanical heart pump and gene-edited pig kidney transplant surgery was performed at NYU Langone in April of this year, but the recipient later died in July. “I think the main difference. . . is that Towana is in much better shape physically. Her disease has not extended to the point where she was at high risk of dying very soon, ” Dr. Montgomery said. When asked about next steps, Montgomery said he’s sure there will be more patients like Looney through the FDA’s expanded access or compassionate use program and that there will be clinical trials starting “probably by this time next year, or even sooner. ” 1. What makes Towana Looney’s transplant special? A. It is the first gene-edited pig organ transplant. B. It is the third successful gene-edited pig organ transplant. C. It is the third gene-edited pig kidney transplant for a living person. D. It is the first gene-edited pig organ transplant for a patient with kidney cancer. 2. Why did Towana Looney choose a gene-edited pig kidney transplant? A. Because it was suggested by her doctor. B. Because she failed to find a human match. C. Because gene-edited pig kidneys are more effective. D. Because she wanted to be part of a medical experiment. 3. What is the main difference of Towana Looney’s condition according to Montgomery? A. Looney is in better physical condition. B. Looney’s recovery period is significantly shorter. C. Looney’s condition has worsened since the transplant. D. Looney’s disease shows no signs of improvement at all. 4. What is the next step according to Dr. Montgomery? A. To give more information on gene-edited pig organs. B. To improve the success rate of gene-edited pig organ transplants. C. To perform more clinical experiments about gene-edited pig organs. D. To communicate with more patients on gene-edited pig organ transplants. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南商丘·期末） As Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin began thinking about ways to prevent hunger and protect the world’s food supply, they came up with an idea of building a global seed vault (种子库) into the side of an Arctic mountain. About 20 years ago, Fowler, now the US special envoy for Global Food Security, and Hawtin, an agricultural scientist from the United Kingdom, imagined the vault as a backup spot for seeds that could be used to breed (培育) new crops if existing seed banks were threatened by wars, climate change or other crises. On Thursday, officials in Washington announced that Fowler and Hawtin were named the winners of the 2024 World Food Prize for their work and would share a $500,000 award. “To a lot of people today, it sounds like a perfectly reasonable thing to do. It’s a valuable natural resource and you want to offer strong protection for it.” Fowler said. “But fifteen years ago, shipping a lot of seeds to the closest place to the North Pole that you can fly into and putting them inside a mountain — that’s the craziest idea anybody ever had.” The Svalbard Global Seed Vault they created opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples (样本) from nearly every country. The structure was built into the side of a mountain, providing protection for over 6,000 varieties of crops and culturally important plants. Fowler and Hawtin said they hoped winning the World Food Prize would help them raise more money for seed banks around the world. Operating them is not too costly. However, the financial support needs to continue forever. “This is really a chance to get that message out and say, look, this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy that we’ re going to be able to feed the world in 50 years,” Hawtin said. 1. Why did Fowler and Hawtin win the 2024 World Food Prize? A. They planted lots of crops. B. They provided food for the hungry. C. They invented varieties of seeds. D. They built a seed vault. 2. What can be learned about Fowler and Hawtin? A. Their seed vault is near the South Pole. B. They protect two million seed samples. C. They each received a $500,000 award. D. Their work has gained wide support. 3. What does Hawtin want to stress in the last paragraph? A. It is difficult to feed the world. B. It is necessary to save money. C. It is wise to fund seed banks. D. It is expensive to operate seed banks. 4. Which word can best describe Fowler and Hawtin? A. Peace-loving. B. Far-sighted. C. Hard-working. D. Warm-hearted. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南商丘·期末） The 3D printer BioHome3D has once created a house. Now, an even larger printer called Factory of the Future 1.0 (FoF 1.0) shown on April 23 at the University of Maine Advanced Structures and Composites Center (ASCC) may one day create entire neighborhoods. The new printer fills up the large building in which it’s housed on the Maine campus, and can print objects 96 feet long by 32 feet wide by 18 feet high (29 meters by 10 meters by 5.5 meters). It is four times larger than BioHome3D, which was put into use less than five years ago, and capable of printing ever larger objects. It consumes as much as 500 pounds of material per hour. To meet the growing demand for housing, Maine alone will need another 80,000 homes over the next six years, according to MaineHousing. The new printer can offer a pathway for affordable housing to address homelessness in the region by promoting its 3D-printed home technology using bio-based materials. As for the original 3D printer, BioHome3D, it isn’t going away. The two printers can be used to work on the same project and there will be even more of them working together in the future. The university wants to show how homes can be constructed nearly entirely by a printer with a lower carbon footprint. Such printed buildings can be recycled, which is unique compared to current construction. “You can basically break it up if you wish, reprint with the 3D printed parts, and do it again,” Habib Dagher, director of UMaine’s ASCC, said. Since 2022, the ASCC has secured more than $93 million in support of this creative and other projects. “The US government provided most of the funding for the new printer, which cost several million dollars,” said Dannel Malloy, chancellor of the University of Maine System. 1. What can we learn about FoF 1.0? A. It can print huge objects. B. It will replace BioHome3D. C. It was put into use five years ago. D. It has created entire neighborhoods. 2. What do we know about the houses created by FoF 1.0 according to the text? A. They are small in size. B. They let out no greenhouse gas. C. Their materials can be reused. D. Their price is high for most people. 3. What does the last paragraph want to tell us? A. The new printer is far from cost-effective. B. The funding situation of printers may get worse. C. The University of Maine needs creative talents. D. The projects at the ASCC have been funded. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. The History of Printing Industry B. The Introduction of BioHome3D C. The Homeless in the US That Need Help D. A New and Larger 3D Printer Invented by UMaine’s ASCC Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南新未来·期末） Aiming to advance a more sustainable future, the Netherlands has introduced cycling paths lined with photovoltaic cells (光伏电池) to harvest solar energy. Two of the country’s cycling paths were covered with photovoltaic coating by a construction company named Colas and BAM Royal Group under its Wattway project, with a surface area of 1,000 m² each. “This is the first project of this size in the country,” said a statement by the firm. Wattway has introduced a new solar panel technology with remarkable thinness and strength. These photovoltaic panels adhere seamlessly to (无缝附着在) surfaces such as bicycle paths and parking lots, avoiding the need for extensive civil engineering projects. The technology allows electricity generation without occupying agricultural land or destroying natural landscapes. Each panel consists of traditional photovoltaic cells that efficiently change solar energy into electricity. “These extremely delicate cells are coated with a special substance, sufficiently translucent (半透明的) to let in sunlight and resistant enough to bear vehicle traffic,” said the company website. Furthermore, the surface is specially treated to provide the same level of grip (抓力) as conventional road mixes, ensuring functionality and safety. The technology enables equipment linked to Wattway to achieve energy autonomy, including diverse applications such as charging stations for electric bicycles, closed-circuit security cameras, bus shelters, and dynamic signs. In the Netherlands, South Holland, North Brabant, and North Holland provinces cooperate on a unified programme. At the same time, Utrecht pursues a separate initiative, focusing on pilot projects that integrate solar panels into bicycle paths. The primary objective is to generate sustainable electricity by making use of existing road space without the necessity for additional land allocation. Moreover, the Dutch project aims to potentially contribute to establishing a practical market for solar energy production on bike paths, specifically emphasizing the extensive35,000 km of cycle paths in the Netherlands, presenting a great opportunity for harvesting solar power. 1. What is the function of photovoltaic cells? A. Changing solar energy into electricity. B. Absorbing more sunlight freely. C. Providing the strong level of grip. D. Ensuring modernization. 2. What can we know about the new solar panel technology from the text? A. It may destroy some natural landscapes. B. Utrecht fails to engage in it. C. It can be used for more than charging electric bicycles. D. It can’t balance the paths’ functionality and safety. 3. What does the last paragraph imply? A. The cycling paths bring large profits. B. The project is a challenge. C. The drawbacks of solar power are potential. D. The future of solar energy on bike paths is promising. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Netherlands Is Well-known for Its Expansive Cycling Facilities B. Solar Panels Transform Dutch Cycling Paths into Green Energy Passages C. New Technology Enables Equipment Linked to Wattway to Achieve Energy D. North Brabant and North Holland Cooperate on a Unified Programme Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·河南南阳六校·期末） A special spelling event called “The Big Dictation” took place in the famous Champs-Elyseés street of Paris. The event was organized by a writer named Rachid Santaki, who is often called “Monsieur Dictee”, or “Mr. Dictation”. He came up with the idea of large groups of people participating in dictations (听写) back in 2013, thinking it could help people in France get better at reading and writing. Over 50,000 people applied to join in the special spelling event. In the end, around 5,000 people, aged 10 to 90, were chosen to take part. A large “blackboard” was set up for the event near a famous monument (纪念碑), the Arc de Triomphe. Three celebrities were there to play the part of the teacher, and read the dictation texts out loud. A total of 1,779 desks were set up in the street to be used in each of three different dictation sessions, each of which had a different theme, including classic French literature, contemporary French literature, and writing about sports. Ten-year-old Samson thought the dictation was too quick and he couldn’t finish. Another young student agreed. “It was impossible!” he said. “The dictation was for adults.” Even adults found it hard, reporting that it caused “stress and worry”. One retired woman was pleased that she had only made two mistakes. The organizer said the event wasn’t just about getting all the words right, but something that could bring people together. Another goal of The Big Dictation was to break the Guinness record for the largest dictation event ever. The previous record was set in 2018 at France’s national stadium, Stade de France, with 1,473 people taking part. It’s not clear if the event on the Champs-Elysees managed to beat the record. But even if it didn’t, The Big Dictation will be remembered by the people of Paris for a long time. 1. What was Rachid Santaki’s purpose in setting up “The Big Dictation”? A. To advertise Champs-Elysees street. B. To provide a platform to show citizens’ talents. C. To promote people’s reading and writing ability. D. To collect money for charity. 2. What did the event site look like? A. An outdoor classroom. B. A huge culture museum. C. A great exhibition of books. D. A large celebrity meet-and-greet. 3. What do most participants think of the dictation? A. Interesting. B. Challenging. C. Impractical. D. Rewarding. 4. What can we learn about the event from the last paragraph? A. It left a deep impression on the Parisians. B. It set up a new Guinness record on dictation. C. It got fewer than 1,473 participants eventually. D. It aimed to attract people worldwide. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南漯河·期末） Social media often encourages us to paint life in an idealized light, emphasizing optimism, thankfulness, and a positive outlook in all that we share. I was the king of perfecting life. No fancy restaurant, overpriced coffee, or famous tourist destination was off-limits. I posed at the Eiffel Tower, threw a coin in the Trevi Fountain, and rode a camel around the pyramids, showing I was living my best life. Little did I know my ideal was about to change. This summer, I chose to start a journey in a manner I had never done before. While I had always traveled with loved ones, the idea of exploring a new location alone had always attracted me. My adventure alone to Portugal did not unfold as expected. I often found myself missing my husband and son. I spent two days ill in bed, eagerly waiting for my return flight. Despite this, the photos I posted on the Internet are only the fantastic scenes. I found myself discussing the weather and landscapes to avoid admitting that my trip was not entirely delightful. Why did it seem so forbidden to share less-than-perfect experiences? Why was I so used to turning every negative into a positive? Because we are made to feel that we should show hope, gratitude, and positivity in everything we display. While the effort to get inspiring social media stories from the most ordinary experiences is admirable, it takes “positivity” too far. Since returning from this journey, I’ve come to understand that it’s acceptable to have bad days and that life is composed of imperfect moments. Now, as I view my online releases, I’m reminded that not every picture-perfect post reflects the complete truth. I’ve become better at dealing with the social pressure to idealize every aspect of my life and recognize the importance of sharing the whole story. 1. From paragraph 2, what may we infer about the author? A. She spent more than she could afford. B. She dreamed of traveling around the world. C. She always tried to gain approval from others.. D. She was living her best life by travelling everywhere. 2. Which of the following best describes the author’s journey alone? A. Delightful. B. Bittersweet. C. Perfect. D. Annoying. 3. Why did it seem forbidden to share imperfect experiences? A. It was an indication of failure. B. It challenged social conventions. C. It made you disconnected with others. D. It had great negative impact on society. 4. What does the last paragraph emphasize? A. It’s showing the whole story that matters. B. It’s a must to perfect every aspect of our life. C. Each post online of the author reflects the true story. D. Negative experiences play an invisible role in growth. Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·河南开封·期末） On Sunday night, the police found a baby koala in a bag in the town of Wishart in Queensland, Australia, during a traffic stop. Queensland police spokesperson Michael Beatty said that the officers asked a 50-year-old driver if she had anything to report. She then told the officers that she had a baby koala in her bag. “Not quite believing their ears, the officers cautiously opened the bag and found this lovely boy and we’ve called him Alfred,” the spokesperson said. “The young koala is about 6 months old and weighs 1.5 kg. It appears to be healthy, though it was very thirsty.” The police are warning people who find koalas to turn them over to authorities, rather than try to take care of them themselves. Koalas are protected in parts of Australia, including in Queensland, where they have been listed as “threatened” under the Nature Conservation Act. Of course, koalas are also violent animals. One particularly wild koala even attacked a farmer in South Australia when she was riding along a muddy road. “As it started running towards me, I thought I’d better speed up,” the terrified farmer told reporters. “But the road was too muddy, So I abandoned my bike and ran away. Fortunately, it ran up and attached itself to the dirty wheel — perhaps mistaking it for a eucalyptus tree.” Deakin University biologist Desley. Whisson has some tips in case you experience this predicament. “Koalas more generally run from than to people. The farmer did the right thing by moving away from her bike,” she said. “The best advice I can give to people is to not fight with a koala displaying unusual behaviour. Make sure that there is another object between you and the koala so that it can’t climb you. Or you can just simply run. Their fingers are very sharp.” She also believed the koala might have been confusing the sound of the bike with that of a koala mate. 4. What do the police in Wishart most likely want to tell the public? A. Koalas are protected by law all over Australia. B. It is illegal for the public to keep koalas in Queensland. C. The public should stay away from violent animals. D. Baby koalas are too violent to be kept in bags. 5. What can we learn about adult koalas? A. They enjoy climbing bikes. B. They have good eyesight. C. They can be dangerous. D. They weigh about 1.5kg. 6. What does the underlined word “predicament” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Boring animal. B. Interesting event. C. Pleasant meeting. D. Difficult situation. 7. From which is the text probably taken? A. A research paper. B. The Nature Conservation Act. C. A news report. D. An announcement from the police. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南濮阳·期末） If you hear someone say that there’s “an elephant in the room”, there’s no need to be worried. This is an idiom that means there’s a big, clear problem or difficult situation that people don’t want to talk about. It’s almost as if there’s an elephant standing in the corner, but everyone is pretending it’s not there! So you might understand why “The elephant in the room” is the name Dutch artist Johannes-Harm Hovinga gave to his new project. For 20 days during June and July, 2024, Hovinga sat in a museum in the Dutch city of Arnhem and used a tool to make holes in the 7,700-page United Nations report on climate change. This was an artistic protest. He wanted to draw attention to climate change and to show that the world’s governments aren’t doing enough to try to save the planet. “Climate change is the elephant in the room”, Hovinga was saying through his art— the big, clear problem that we’ re not doing enough about. He had printed the pages of the report on different colored paper so that when he made the holes, there were large piles of colorful circles next to the table where he sat. People were able to watch Hovinga making his holes between June 22 and July 14, and see those piles getting bigger. Some visitors were touched as they watched, the museum said. Each day, Hovinga sat for six hours making holes, only drinking water and taking short breaks to use the bathroom. He said he began taking painkillers after two days because of the pain in his back, neck, and arms. The project ended on July 25 when Hovinga returned to take the paper piles away. But he has more hole-making projects planned for the future. 1. Why is the idiom mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To lead in the name of a project. B. To describe an interesting scene. C. To explain a common language usage. D. To show a special animal painted by an artist. 2. What is Hovinga’s purpose of his behavior? A. To promote his artworks. B. To help protect the earth. C. To advertise a new art style. D. To call for action to care for elephants. 3. Which of the following can best describe Hovinga? A. Odd but flexible. B. Humorous and energetic. C. Picky but productive. D. Creative and responsible. 4. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Hovinga had great fun doing his work. B. Hovinga wants more people to join him. C. Hovinga will continue with similar projects. D. Hovinga broke off the project because of pain. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南漯河·期末） The world may be losing its tiny pollinators. Where were the sound of flying insects striking against the lightbulb? Even the cicadas (蝉) or crickets (蟋蟀) had stilled its instruments. Where have all the insects gone? Our lives rely on a healthy insect population. Research shows that areas with more insect species have better and more stable pollination. As Dave Goulson, a biology professor, explains in his book Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse, about three-quarters of all crops grown by humans need animal pollination, mostly by insects. “We could not feed the global human population without pollinators,” he writes. It’s not just bees and butterflies that are important; other less attractive pollinators like flies, wasps, and soldier beetles are also in decline. These insects not only pollinate but also eat pests that damage crops. Scientists have been warning about the decrease in insect numbers for years. The reasons are climate change, loss of habitats, light pollution, intensive farming, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers. However, it’s difficult to convince people to take action. We humans have a complex relationship with these six-legged creatures. Remember Kafka’s Metamorphosis, where a man turns into a bug, or the Victorian stories where naughty children become insects? Seen closely, even the face of a butterfly or bee is disturbing. y strange. Perhaps we’ve been pushing insects away. Some steps may be as simple as turning off artificial light. A recent study in China found that trees in Beijing, lit by street lights at night, seem to have tougher leaves and less damage from insects. In other words, insects are probably being starved out of the area. We should address our attitudes to insects. Those annoying flies around your food? They use simply doing what they were born for. They’re recycling. Without them we might be wondering what to do about piles of waste. Besides, they’re food for birds, and UK bird populations have crashed in recent years. 1. How does insect diversity influence our lives? A. It makes our life less attractive. B. It contributes to our grain increase. C. It has no significant effect on our life. D. It results in a decrease in animal pollination. 2. What is implied about our relationship with insects? A. We have a negative and fearful idea of them. B. We are completely indifferent to them. C. We have always been very friendly towards them. D. We rely on them and really care about their survival. 3. What is one suggested step to lessen insects decline? A. Introducing more species to control pests. B. Increasing the use of pesticides to protect crops. C. Planting more trees to provide habitats for insects. D. Turning off artificial light to reduce light pollution. 4. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To call on people to preserve insects. B. To illustrate the necessity of recycling. C. To show humans’ relationship with insects. D. To describe the decrease of insects populations. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南三门峡·期末） All baby animals are cute. Seal pups (海豹幼崽) are no exception. One such pup, a spotted seal pup, about 20 days old, was found on the beach in Panjin, Liaoning Province, by the local people. Among those who rescued the seal pup were Li Yue, of the Fisheries Law Enforcement Command (FLEC) team, and volunteer Tian Jiguang, founder of Panjin Wetland Protection Association. “The seal pup was found with a fishing net around its neck. Seals, even seal pups, have a violent temper. So when we approached it to remove the fishing net from its neck, it thought we would harm it and turned aggressive (富于攻击性的) like an angry dog. But the more it struggled, the tighter the net became. Eventually, it realized that we meant no harm, and allowed us to remove the net,” said Tian. Spotted seals’ intelligence is roughly equal to that of a four-year-old child and even young seals can survive on their own in the wild. But since the rescued pup was just about three weeks old and wouldn’t have survived the harsh environment of the open sea without its mother, it was not released into the sea immediately. Spotted seals are relatively shy, difficult to approach and generally live alone, though they form large groups during pupping and molting (换毛) seasons when they walk slowly on ice or on land, which nowadays is often the case. Perhaps that’s why the pup was aggressive when approached. “We took care of it for a day, and then sent it to the Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute in Dalian for treatment and examination. Only after we are sure the pup has developed the ability to survive in the wild will it be returned to the sea,” said Li, captain of the FLEC team. Li generally rescues several spotted seals every year. 1. What does paragraph 2 focus on? A. The process of rescuing the seal pup. B. The new life of the trapped seal pup. C. The habit of the spotted seal pup. D. The approach to removing the seal pup. 2. What can we learn about spotted seals from the text? A. They form groups when hunting. B. They have a great survival ability. C. They are cleverer than young children. D. Their pups are always fighting with each other. 3. What may happen to the seal pup next? A. It will be examined by the FLEC team. B. It will be taken care of by volunteers. C. It will be released into the sea immediately. D. It will stay at the research institute for a while. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. A Seal Pup Was Released into the Sea B. Seal Pups Were Protected by Volunteers C. A Seal Pup Was Rescued by Nearby People D. An Injured Seal Pup Attracted People’s Attention 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南洛阳期末） Kate Townshend looks beyond the pages of her favourite books, sharing what she has learned from the women whose voices we don’t hear but whose presence is felt deeply. “There’s really no such thing as the ‘voiceless’. There are only the intentionally silenced, or the preferably unheard.” This quote from Arundhati Roy is one I’ve turned over in my mind a great deal as a reader, and I wonder if it explains my fascination with a certain kind of character that I’ve noticed cropping up in all sorts of literary forms from novels to plays to classical epics (史诗). Specifically, I’m talking about the characters I’ve come to think of as the “silent women” of literature— those whose presence haunts the edges of all sorts of stories; those who are denied voices of their own. In fact, my favourite novel contains one such figure. In Daphne Du Maurier’s Rebecca, we never actually meet Rebecca except in flashbacks and third person accounts. Despite this, her influence looms (隐约出现) large, and in her absence, many of the answers to the book’s key questions are just out of reach. If she’s really the monster (怪人) that some of the novel’s living characters paint her as, for instance, then why does she inspire such loyalty and love? Rebecca was one of my first lessons in my viewpoint— how we can all easily become the villain if we let other people tell our stories. And once I started looking, I found these “silent” women everywhere, still managing to speak volumes beyond imprisonment, madness and even death. I wonder if we see these silent women sometimes, particularly in historical literature, because female authors like Du Maurier were engaged in their own struggles to be heard. Protecting themselves behind male pseudonyms (笔名) and accepting judgement and ridicule were part and parcel of putting pen to paper for many women writers, so perhaps it’s unsurprising that these themes of the importance of voice crop up in their stories too. These apparently “silent” characters have so much to teach us in the end, if we can only learn to listen. 1. What can be inferred about Kate Townshend? A. She’s a book reviewer. B. She’s a writer of novels. C. She’s a lover of literature. D. She’s a character the author pities. 2. How does the author develop Paragraph 4? A. By quoting some famous sayings. B. By giving an example to support his/ her idea. C. By describing the main character in detail. D. By listing some of his/ her favourite novels. 3. What does the underlined word “villain” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. A person who is a bad character. B. A person who intends to be silent. C. A voiceless person that can’t speak. D. A person who pretends not to hear. 4. What’s a suitable title for the text? A. Why should we speak out our own viewpoint? B. How can we learn to understand voiceless people? C. What can we learn from the “silent women” of literature? D. Why are more women beginning to stand up for women? Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南濮阳·期末） Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Bate put the drop in the number of books read by students down to shorter attention spans (持续时间), which he linked to the use of smartphones. “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the attrition of attention span due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and soon,” he said. “It all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of the GCSE and the tendency to recommend shorter works.” Bate suggested that, in contrast to students from privately educated backgrounds, those from state schools in Britain usually haven’t been introduced to a wide variety of lengthy books and haven’t formed the habit of reading them either. He said it was because those students come from disadvantaged schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there. Fortunately, state-funded charter schools in the US offer classical education, with more flexibility in curriculum (课程). Bate’s son, a recent graduate from a charter high school called Great Hearts, studied works like The Iliad and Crime and Punishment. The school even provided bagels for studying Hegel (a famous writer). “I couldn’t understand Hegel when I was a graduate student. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope,” Bate said that the long-term impact of not habitually reading long texts was troubling for the future of literary culture. “If you haven’ t got readers, what are writers going to do? The intensive, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health; it’ s very good for developing skills for concentration and critical thinking — and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and for individuals.” 1. What does the underlined word “attrition” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Expansion. B. Decrease. C. Destruction. D. Progress. 2. What can we know about the students from state schools in Britain? A. They have limited access to long books. B. They prioritize crowd control over reading. C. They are likely to read more classical books. D. They enjoy advantage over those from private schools. 3. What is Bate’s attitude towards the future of literature in the US? A. Doubtful. B. Unclear. C. Uncaring. D. Optimistic. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. There is a tendency that students read fewer books. B. It is necessary for students to read classic books. C. No exposure to books is bad for students’ mental health. D. Reading short works can improve students’ concentration. Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·河南济源·期末） “With the passing of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, China and the world have lost one greatest agricultural scientists,” said Kenneth Quinn, president of the World Food Prize Foundation (基金会). Quinn also shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday. Quinn first met Yuan in October 2004, when Yuan traveled to Des Moines in the U.S. state of Iowa to receive the World Food Prize. As they walked out of the airport, Quinn received a call and stepped aside to speak. When he turned back a minute or two later, he lost Yuan. “I had never before ‘lost’ a laureate (贵人),” he said. After an anxious search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation. Quinn admired Yuan as a teacher. “He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students. The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.” In Quinn’s eyes, Yuan was incredibly modest, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty. With a ‘down to earth’ attitude, Yuan greatly reduced hunger and provided farmers with surplus (多余的) income through his discovery of hybrid rice. Learning of Yuan’s passing away on Saturday, Quinn issued a statement to send his deepest sympathy to Yuan’s family and colleagues. “Professor Yuan Longping, who was truly beloved in his country and by all of us who knew him, will be greatly missed. His legacy will provide inspiration to generations far into the future, in China and across the world,” Quinn said in the statement. 1. How did Kenneth Quinn feel when he found Yuan in a group of students? A. Confused B. Sorry C. Angry. D. Amazed 2. How did Yuan Longping treat young people? A. He sent young students abroad for further study. B. He cared about the development of the youth. C. He was too busy to answer the students’ question. D. He was generous to help young people out of poverty. 3. What do the words “down to earth” mean in paragraph 4? A. Critical. B. General. C. Flexible. D. Realistic. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To inspire the young. B. To tell the stories of Yuan Longping. C. To introduce the “father of hybrid rice”. D. To remember Professor Yuan Longping. Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·河南洛阳·期末） Will your job be done by a robot in the future? Bank of England economist s predict that almost half of all UK jobs are under threat of automation. But could even the admired profession of teaching soon have to compete against powerful electronic educators? At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class. Despite that, some believe the future of education will be technological. Futurist Thomas Frey, from Business Insider magazine, predicts that “by 2030 the largest company on the internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.” He thinks that ‘bots’— online robot teachers will make education so efficient that students will be able to compress (压缩) an entire undergraduate degree into six months of learning. A bot learns what your “idiosyncrasies” “interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time,” according to Frey. Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace. But there are limitations. Without the face-to-face inspiration of a classroom environment, the majority of students fail to complete online courses. How to keep motivation to learn is one more skill that online teachers will need to master. Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs. 1. What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A. Teaching by robots can be replaced. B. The advantages of face-to-face teaching. C. Human teachers will be replaced by robots. D. The potential of the electronic educators. 2. What does the underlined word “idiosyncrasies” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Personalities. B. Senses. C. Nationalities. D. Families. 3. Why are Udemy and Khan Academy mentioned? A. To tell how online learning is progressing. B. To show the significance of online learning. C. To explain people how online learning works. D. To suggest the shortcomings of online learning. 4. What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A. How robots will change in the future. B. How artificial intelligence will destroy jobs. C. How educators will meet the future challenge. D. How electronic educators will lose their jobs. Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·河南郑州·期末） Recent videos claiming that a school in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, serves pre-made meals to its students have caused heated discussions across the country. People doubt if pre-made meals, despite being convenient, are healthy and nutritious enough for growing teenagers. Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine Association. There are several types of pre-made foods, including ready-to-eat food, such as canned food or cooked food in packages, and ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food, which requires heating or cooking before being served. Many people tend to think that ready-to-heat and ready-to-cook foods are less nutritious because they usually need to be kept in freezers or refrigerators. “Actually freezing does not cause a loss of nutrients,” Liu Junya, a 33-year-old dietitian in Beijing, told Teens. “Nutrient loss typically occurs during the heating or frying process.” Vitamins from the B group and vitamin C found in meat and vegetables are heat-sensitive and can be lost during the process. By being heated or cooked twice or more, “pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods,” Liu said. Meanwhile, “many pre-made food companies weigh taste over nutrition,” said Liu. This leads to higher levels of salt and sugar in the food, which may lead to health problems. Additives (添加剂) are also a major concern related to pre-made foods. In China, there are strict standards for food additives. Currently, China’s food industry has well-developed techniques to preserve pre-made foods without the overuse of additives. Some food can be sterilized (消毒) and then sealed after cooking, followed by low-temperature storage, allowing for a longer shelf life. However, it’s essential that customers buy pre-made meals from qualified food companies or supermarkets. It is hoped that regulations (管理) on pre-made meals can be strengthened to better ensure nutrition and hygiene. “This way, pre-made meals will be more accepted by the public,” Liu said. 1. What can be learned about pre-made meals from the passage? A. They are usually costly and tasty. B. They taste better than homemade food. C. They are already partly or fully cooked. D. They are high in sugar, salt and vitamins. 2. When does Liu Junya think nutrient loss typically occurs in pre-made foods? A. During cooking. B. During freezing. C. During packaging. D. During sterilizing. 3. What does the author suggest consumers do about pre-made meals? A. Keep pre-made meals frozen. B. Check the cooking instructions. C. Be careful of the additives used. D. Buy from reliable food suppliers. 4. What does Liu Junya think of pre-made meals? A. They are a convenient choice for all. B. They are suitable for daily consumption. C. They shoud be avoided for long-term health. D. They can be more accepted if controlled properly. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·河南焦作·期末） Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. These days, you have to make a decision on not only the percentage of fat you want, but also what source you want your milk to be coming from: cows, soybeans... You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused. This phenomenon is known as the paradox (悖论) of choice and it is becoming a concern in the modern world, where more and more options are becoming easily available to us. While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice. The idea was popularized by American psychologist Barry Schwartz when he published his book, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Schwartz, who has long studied the ways in which economics and psychology intersect (交叉), became interested in seeing the way that choices were affecting the happiness of citizens in Western societies. He identified that the range of choices that we have available to us these days is far greater than that people had in the past; however, consumer satisfaction has not increased as much as traditional economics theories might expect. Schwartz identified that the paradox of choice carries the most consequence for people that are maximizers. Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. When there are many options available to maximizers, it becomes harder for them to determine which is the best, which can cause them to feel a great deal of regret after they have made a choice. Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society. 1. What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning buying milk in paragraph 1? A. To lead in the topic. B. To draw a conclusion. C. To show that we have more choices when shopping. D. To indicate that people pay greater attention to health when shopping. 2. What does the paradox of choice suggest? A. More options mean less satisfaction. B. Consumer satisfaction has greatly increased. C. People are happy with more choices. D. Modern people are happier than their ancestors. 3. What can be learned about satisficers? A. They aim for the very best. B. They tend to follow their feelings. C. They often regret their decisions. D. They have trouble making a decision. 4. What does Schwartz suggest people do? A. Hold on to their beliefs. B. Accept their own behavior. C. Give up freedom. D. Limit their own choices. Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·河南周口恒大·期末） Most female fashion models start their careers in their late teens and retire in their early 30’s,but 96-year-old Alice Pang is not your ordinary fashion model.She started modelling at 93,so you could say she’s still a beginner. Alice always liked dressing well and looking elegant,but never actually considered a career in modelling.But her granddaughter always thought she had it in her,so when she saw an online ad for senior models of 65,she sent in Alice’s pictures and she was chosen for a photo shoot.Today,she is recognised as one of the best senior models in Asia,as well as the oldest. “I entered the industry when I was 93 and this is my third year working as a model,” she added. “I’ve shot a few commercials,cosmetics,camera and trade development.It feels great to be admired.” Born in 1923,Alice never dreamed she would one day be modelling for high-end fashion brands like Gucci,Ellery or Valentino,let alone at age 96.But her fair complexion(面色) and excellent posture—uncommon qualities for people her age—make her one of the most sought-after senior models in the business. Surprisingly,Alice doesn’t credit exercise or a strict diet for her enviable(令人羡慕的) figure and posture.Even though she agrees that exercise helps some people stay in good shape,she doesn’t even have a morning exercise routine,crediting her good genes instead. “My skin tone is ivory because I’m seldom exposed to the sun and I have straight back,” Alice said.“Exercise is definitely good for you and many would do morning exercise but I don’t do that.It’s just natural.” While most people praise her for her active lifestyle and the courage to start a whole new career in her nineties.Alice Pang is not without her critics,most of whom say that she should dress and act according to her age.She chooses to ignore them,though,saying that her personal happiness is all that counts. 1. Where did Alice’s granddaughter see the advertisement? A. In the newspaper. B. On TV. C. In a magazine. D. On the Internet. 2. What contributes to Alices nice figure and posture? A. Her family tradition. B. Her regular exercise. C. Her family genes. D. Her strict diet. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Alice likes dressing according to her age. B. Alice takes some people’s words seriously. C. People have different opinions about Alice. D. Most people advise her to quit the career. 4. What is the most important to Alice? A. Her career. B. People’s comments. C. Her dresses. D. Her happiness. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南商丘·期末） How does social media affect our life today? A lot of people believe that social media is just torture for kids and young adults, which in a way it is. It doesn’t allow them to be 100% themselves and it can cause them to overthink and become more anxious and less confident. Social media has caused people to rethink everything they do online from liking or posting a photo to sharing a post in case someone thinks that what they support or enjoy is meaningless. Do you know that selfies (自拍) are one of the most frequent causes of death of the modern generation? In 2015, it was reported that a 21-year-old girl fell down a mountain just for selfies. There is a lot of such news every day, and that statistic is increasing every day. With this generation, very few of them are speaking to each other directly because of communication on social media like messages. This can cause social anxiety for many people; they slowly lose their skills of how to speak to others face to face. I know it first-hand and it was difficult to tell myself that I needed to cut down on screen time and even harder to listen and do it. At the same time, there are a lot of positives on social media. Social media is a great way to connect with people who live far away, which has really helped people come together and feel less lonely if they live alone. You can express yourself by sharing your favorite songs or posting pictures of your new outfit. It’s much harder to feel embarrassed online than in person, so it’s easier for people to express their feelings on social media. Social media is also great for raising awareness about things like charities. It is a powerful tool for people to share their stories, reaching new audiences around the world. The list of movements is getting longer and longer every day as more and more people use social media to raise awareness and promote the movements. In conclusion, social media has its advantages and disadvantages like everything else does. It’s all about how we use it. 1. What does the underlined word “torture” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Mental suffering. B. Something relaxing. C. Physical damage. D. Something unexpected. 2. Why does the author mention the 21-year-old girl? A. To offer a suggestion. B. To lead in the topic. C. To make a comparison. D. To provide an example. 3. From the text, we learn the author ________. A. once fought with his/ her best friends B. used to be addicted to the Internet C. was injured for taking photos before D. used to participate in charity activities 4. What are paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 mainly about? A. The meaning of charity. B. The importance of writing stories. C. The advantages of social media. D. The necessity of reaching audiences. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南固始·期末） The southwestern United States has experienced drought for more than 20 years. Arizona has increasingly pumped (抽吸) water from underground, but that meets less than half of what the state needs. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of new residents arrive every year, and more communities are built. One report shows that a large area near Phoenix doesn’t have enough groundwater for all the homes that developers want to build there. That means 800,000 people. Some experts say the solution is to import water from outside the state. One idea is to build a $5.5 billion desalination (脱盐) plant on Mexico’s Sea of Cortez. The plant would remove salt from the water and pump that water to Arizona through a 200-mile pipeline. Supporters say this could provide a water supply for decades. Environmentalists see a different future. Some of the salt taken out of the Sea of Cortez might end up back in the ocean, harming wildlife. The pipeline would damage land where people and animals live. And the desalination process uses lots of energy. This would create greenhouse gases, the very gases that are causing the conditions that have led to Arizona’s water problems. Margaret Wilder is a professor at the University of Arizona, in Tucson. She warns that big projects like this one could be used to show much more unsustainable development in the desert in the future. Moreover, desalinating water would likely be a massive expenditure for Arizonans. Cities pay about $50 to $150 for 326,000 gallons. That’s enough for a family of three in Phoenix for a year. Desalinated water could charge 20 times as much. Environmentalists say the government should focus on cutting the demand for water rather than increasing the supply. That would mean taking water-saving measures and limiting how many homes are built. Thousands of households in Tucson, Arizona, are collecting rainwater and using it for cooking, drinking, and in their gardens. Government leaders have taken notice. Tucson also helps residents pay for equipment that collects rainwater for home use. 1. What is the problem faced by the southwestern United States? A. A population increase. B. A serious heatwave. C. A waste of resources. D. A water shortage. 2. What do environmentalists probably think of the desalination project? A. It provides a long-term solution to drought. B. It would harm the planet from various aspects. C. It fails to take people’s basic needs into account. D. It draws people’s attention to environmental destruction. 3. What does the underlined part “a massive expenditure” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Affordable. B. Costly. C. Unsafe. D. Beneficial. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People are unsatisfied with the government’s water measures. B. Collecting rainwater is the key to meeting water demands. C. People are exploring water resources with official support. D. Public concern about water safety has increased. Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·河南新乡·期末） Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups. A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the “reintroduction of species is not a priority”. The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny (详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways. Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue — although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise. A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers. Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change — it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.” “The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,” she said. 1. What does paragraph 2 want to convey? A. The situation of species in the UK is severe. B. Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority. C. Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change. D. The UK government’s response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing. 2. How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity? A. By developing strategy. B. By offering guidance. C. By expanding farming. D. By restoring habitat. 3. What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife? A. It was messy. B. It was limited. C. It was beneficial. D. It was costly. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The advantages of reintroducing wildlife. B. The responses to a government statement. C. The effects of climate change on farming. D. The approaches to increasing biodiversity. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文+新闻报道 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南信阳·期末） Towana Looney became the fifth American to receive a gene-edited pig organ last month and is recovering well. Looney’s transplant (移植) is the third time a kidney from a gene-edited pig has been transplanted into a living human, but previous transplants have been for people who were brain dead or at high risk of dying within months. Looney, who started dialysis (透析) treatment in2016 after developing kidney failure and was listed for kidney transplantation in early 2017, according to NYU Langone Health, where Looney received her transplant surgery, is the first otherwise healthy patient given a genetically edited pig kidney, raising hope that one day pig kidneys could help relieve the ongoing organ shortage. For various medical reasons, Looney could not find a human match, making her qualified for the still-experimental procedure. Looney said in a press conference Tuesday that she feels “blessed” to have received “a second chance at life. ” “I want to give courage to those on dialysis, ” she added. “It’s not easy, and it’s not the only option. There’s hope. ” The world’s first genetically edited pig kidney transplant into a living human was performed earlier this year, but the recipient died nearly 2 months later. The first combined mechanical heart pump and gene-edited pig kidney transplant surgery was performed at NYU Langone in April of this year, but the recipient later died in July. “I think the main difference. . . is that Towana is in much better shape physically. Her disease has not extended to the point where she was at high risk of dying very soon, ” Dr. Montgomery said. When asked about next steps, Montgomery said he’s sure there will be more patients like Looney through the FDA’s expanded access or compassionate use program and that there will be clinical trials starting “probably by this time next year, or even sooner. ” 1. What makes Towana Looney’s transplant special? A. It is the first gene-edited pig organ transplant. B. It is the third successful gene-edited pig organ transplant. C. It is the third gene-edited pig kidney transplant for a living person. D. It is the first gene-edited pig organ transplant for a patient with kidney cancer. 2. Why did Towana Looney choose a gene-edited pig kidney transplant? A. Because it was suggested by her doctor. B. Because she failed to find a human match. C. Because gene-edited pig kidneys are more effective. D. Because she wanted to be part of a medical experiment. 3. What is the main difference of Towana Looney’s condition according to Montgomery? A. Looney is in better physical condition. B. Looney’s recovery period is significantly shorter. C. Looney’s condition has worsened since the transplant. D. Looney’s disease shows no signs of improvement at all. 4. What is the next step according to Dr. Montgomery? A. To give more information on gene-edited pig organs. B. To improve the success rate of gene-edited pig organ transplants. C. To perform more clinical experiments about gene-edited pig organs. D. To communicate with more patients on gene-edited pig organ transplants. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Towana Looney接受基因编辑猪肾移植手术并且恢复良好，她是第一位身体健康接种基因编辑猪肾的患者。这一实验的成功为已经存在的器官短缺问题提供了解决的希望。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Looney’s transplant (移植) is the third time a kidney from a gene-edited pig has been transplanted into a living human (Looney的移植是基因编辑猪肾第三次被移植到活体人体中)”可知，Looney的移植是第三次将基因编辑猪肾移植到活体人类身上。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For various medical reasons, Looney could not find a human match (由于各种医疗原因，Looney找不到适合的人类匹配)” 可知，可知，Looney选择基因编辑猪肾移植是因为她没能找到合适的人类配型。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“I think the main difference. . . is that Towana is in much better shape physically. (我认为主要的区别是……Towana的身体状况要好得多)” 可知，Towana的身体状况较好。故选A。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When asked about next steps, Montgomery said he’s sure there will be more patients like Looney through the FDA’s expanded access or compassionate use program and that there will be clinical trials starting “probably by this time next year, or even sooner. ”(当被问及下一步行动时，Montgomery表示，他确信会有更多像Looney这样的患者通过FDA的扩大准入或同情使用计划，并且“可能在明年这个时候，甚至更早”开始临床试验)” 可知，下一步计划是开展更多关于基因编辑猪器官的临床试验。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南商丘·期末） As Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin began thinking about ways to prevent hunger and protect the world’s food supply, they came up with an idea of building a global seed vault (种子库) into the side of an Arctic mountain. About 20 years ago, Fowler, now the US special envoy for Global Food Security, and Hawtin, an agricultural scientist from the United Kingdom, imagined the vault as a backup spot for seeds that could be used to breed (培育) new crops if existing seed banks were threatened by wars, climate change or other crises. On Thursday, officials in Washington announced that Fowler and Hawtin were named the winners of the 2024 World Food Prize for their work and would share a $500,000 award. “To a lot of people today, it sounds like a perfectly reasonable thing to do. It’s a valuable natural resource and you want to offer strong protection for it.” Fowler said. “But fifteen years ago, shipping a lot of seeds to the closest place to the North Pole that you can fly into and putting them inside a mountain — that’s the craziest idea anybody ever had.” The Svalbard Global Seed Vault they created opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples (样本) from nearly every country. The structure was built into the side of a mountain, providing protection for over 6,000 varieties of crops and culturally important plants. Fowler and Hawtin said they hoped winning the World Food Prize would help them raise more money for seed banks around the world. Operating them is not too costly. However, the financial support needs to continue forever. “This is really a chance to get that message out and say, look, this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy that we’ re going to be able to feed the world in 50 years,” Hawtin said. 1. Why did Fowler and Hawtin win the 2024 World Food Prize? A. They planted lots of crops. B. They provided food for the hungry. C. They invented varieties of seeds. D. They built a seed vault. 2. What can be learned about Fowler and Hawtin? A. Their seed vault is near the South Pole. B. They protect two million seed samples. C. They each received a $500,000 award. D. Their work has gained wide support. 3. What does Hawtin want to stress in the last paragraph? A. It is difficult to feed the world. B. It is necessary to save money. C. It is wise to fund seed banks. D. It is expensive to operate seed banks. 4. Which word can best describe Fowler and Hawtin? A. Peace-loving. B. Far-sighted. C. Hard-working. D. Warm-hearted. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。大约20年前，福勒和霍廷在北极山脉边上建造了种子库，因此获得了2024年世界粮食奖。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“As Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin began thinking about ways to prevent hunger and protect the world’s food supply, they came up with an idea of building a global seed vault (种子库) into the side of an Arctic mountain.(当加里·福勒和杰弗里·霍廷开始思考如何防止饥饿和保护世界粮食供应时，他们想到了在北极山脉的一侧建造一个全球种子库的想法。)”和第二段“About 20 years ago, Fowler, now the US special envoy for Global Food Security, and Hawtin, an agricultural scientist from the United Kingdom, imagined the vault as a backup spot for seeds that could be used to breed (培育) new crops if existing seed banks were threatened by wars, climate change or other crises. On Thursday, officials in Washington announced that Fowler and Hawtin were named the winners of the 2024 World Food Prize for their work and would share a $500,000 award.(大约20年前，现任美国全球粮食安全特使的福勒和来自英国的农业科学家霍廷设想，如果现有种子库受到战争、气候变化或其他危机的威胁，这个种子库可以作为种子的备用地点，用于培育新作物。周四，华盛顿官员宣布，福勒和霍廷因其工作而获得2024年世界粮食奖，并将分享50万美元的奖金。)”可知，福勒和霍廷获得2024年世界粮食奖是因为他们建了一个种子库。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The Svalbard Global Seed Vault they created opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples (样本) from nearly every country.(他们创建的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库于2008年开放，现在拥有来自几乎每个国家的125万份种子样本。)”可以推知，他们的工作得到了广泛的支持他们才能拥有来自几乎每个国家的125万份种子样本。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““This is really a chance to get that message out and say, look, this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy that we’ re going to be able to feed the world in 50 years,” Hawtin said.(霍廷说：‘这确实是一个机会，让人们知道，看，这笔相对较少的钱是我们的保险政策，我们将能够在50年内养活全世界。’)”可知，霍廷想要强调的是给种子银行提供资金是明智的。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“As Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin began thinking about ways to prevent hunger and protect the world’s food supply, they came up with an idea of building a global seed vault (种子库) into the side of an Arctic mountain.(当加里•福勒和杰弗里•霍廷开始思考如何防止饥饿和保护世界粮食供应时，他们想到了在北极山脉的一侧建造一个全球种子库的想法。)”和第二段的句子“About 20 years ago, Fowler, now the US special envoy for Global Food Security, and Hawtin, an agricultural scientist from the United Kingdom, imagined the vault as a backup spot for seeds that could be used to breed (培育) new crops if existing seed banks were threatened by wars, climate change or other crises.(大约20年前，现任美国全球粮食安全特使的福勒和来自英国的农业科学家霍廷设想，如果现有种子库受到战争、气候变化或其他危机的威胁，这个种子库可以作为种子的备用地点，用于培育新作物。)”可知，福勒和霍廷是有远见的。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南商丘·期末） The 3D printer BioHome3D has once created a house. Now, an even larger printer called Factory of the Future 1.0 (FoF 1.0) shown on April 23 at the University of Maine Advanced Structures and Composites Center (ASCC) may one day create entire neighborhoods. The new printer fills up the large building in which it’s housed on the Maine campus, and can print objects 96 feet long by 32 feet wide by 18 feet high (29 meters by 10 meters by 5.5 meters). It is four times larger than BioHome3D, which was put into use less than five years ago, and capable of printing ever larger objects. It consumes as much as 500 pounds of material per hour. To meet the growing demand for housing, Maine alone will need another 80,000 homes over the next six years, according to MaineHousing. The new printer can offer a pathway for affordable housing to address homelessness in the region by promoting its 3D-printed home technology using bio-based materials. As for the original 3D printer, BioHome3D, it isn’t going away. The two printers can be used to work on the same project and there will be even more of them working together in the future. The university wants to show how homes can be constructed nearly entirely by a printer with a lower carbon footprint. Such printed buildings can be recycled, which is unique compared to current construction. “You can basically break it up if you wish, reprint with the 3D printed parts, and do it again,” Habib Dagher, director of UMaine’s ASCC, said. Since 2022, the ASCC has secured more than $93 million in support of this creative and other projects. “The US government provided most of the funding for the new printer, which cost several million dollars,” said Dannel Malloy, chancellor of the University of Maine System. 1. What can we learn about FoF 1.0? A. It can print huge objects. B. It will replace BioHome3D. C. It was put into use five years ago. D. It has created entire neighborhoods. 2. What do we know about the houses created by FoF 1.0 according to the text? A. They are small in size. B. They let out no greenhouse gas. C. Their materials can be reused. D. Their price is high for most people. 3. What does the last paragraph want to tell us? A. The new printer is far from cost-effective. B. The funding situation of printers may get worse. C. The University of Maine needs creative talents. D. The projects at the ASCC have been funded. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. The History of Printing Industry B. The Introduction of BioHome3D C. The Homeless in the US That Need Help D. A New and Larger 3D Printer Invented by UMaine’s ASCC 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了由美国缅因大学开发的新一代更大的3D打印机。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new printer fills up the large building in which it’s housed on the Maine campus, and can print objects 96 feet long by 32 feet wide by 18 feet high (29 meters by 10 meters by 5.5 meters) (新打印机填满了缅因州校园内的一座大型建筑，可以打印96英尺长、32英尺宽、18英尺高（29米乘10米乘5.5米）的物体)”可知，FoF 1.0打印机可以打印非常大的物品。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Such printed buildings can be recycled, which is unique compared to current construction. “You can basically break it up if you wish, reprint with the 3D printed parts, and do it again,” Habib Dagher, director of UMaine’s ASCC, said. (这种印刷的建筑可以回收利用，这与目前的建筑相比是独一无二的。UMaine ASCC主任Habib Dagher说：“如果你愿意，你基本上可以把它拆开，用3D打印的部件重新打印，然后再做一次。”)”可知，由FoF 1.0打印机打印出来的房子的材料可以被重复使用。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Since 2022, the ASCC has secured more than $93 million in support of this creative and other projects. “The US government provided most of the funding for the new printer, which cost several million dollars,” said Dannel Malloy, chancellor of the University of Maine System. (自2022年以来，ASCC已获得超过9300万美元用于支持这一创意项目和其他项目。缅因大学系统校长Dannel Malloy表示：“美国政府为这台耗资数百万美元的新打印机提供了大部分资金。”)”可知，缅因大学先进结构与复合材料中心（ASCC）的项目已获得资助。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The 3D printer BioHome3D has once created a house. Now, an even larger printer called Factory of the Future 1.0 (FoF 1.0) shown on April 23 at the University of Maine Advanced Structures and Composites Center (ASCC) may one day create entire neighborhoods. (3D打印机BioHome3D曾经建造了一座房子。现在，4月23日在缅因大学高级结构和复合材料中心（ASCC）展示的一款名为“未来工厂1.0”（FoF 1.0）的更大打印机可能有一天会创建整个社区。)”可知，本文主要介绍了由缅因大学先进结构与复合材料中心（ASCC）开发的新一代更大的3D打印机。由此可知，选项D“A New and Larger 3D Printer Invented by UMaine’s ASCC (UMaine的ASCC发明了一种新的更大的3D打印机)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南新未来·期末） Aiming to advance a more sustainable future, the Netherlands has introduced cycling paths lined with photovoltaic cells (光伏电池) to harvest solar energy. Two of the country’s cycling paths were covered with photovoltaic coating by a construction company named Colas and BAM Royal Group under its Wattway project, with a surface area of 1,000 m² each. “This is the first project of this size in the country,” said a statement by the firm. Wattway has introduced a new solar panel technology with remarkable thinness and strength. These photovoltaic panels adhere seamlessly to (无缝附着在) surfaces such as bicycle paths and parking lots, avoiding the need for extensive civil engineering projects. The technology allows electricity generation without occupying agricultural land or destroying natural landscapes. Each panel consists of traditional photovoltaic cells that efficiently change solar energy into electricity. “These extremely delicate cells are coated with a special substance, sufficiently translucent (半透明的) to let in sunlight and resistant enough to bear vehicle traffic,” said the company website. Furthermore, the surface is specially treated to provide the same level of grip (抓力) as conventional road mixes, ensuring functionality and safety. The technology enables equipment linked to Wattway to achieve energy autonomy, including diverse applications such as charging stations for electric bicycles, closed-circuit security cameras, bus shelters, and dynamic signs. In the Netherlands, South Holland, North Brabant, and North Holland provinces cooperate on a unified programme. At the same time, Utrecht pursues a separate initiative, focusing on pilot projects that integrate solar panels into bicycle paths. The primary objective is to generate sustainable electricity by making use of existing road space without the necessity for additional land allocation. Moreover, the Dutch project aims to potentially contribute to establishing a practical market for solar energy production on bike paths, specifically emphasizing the extensive35,000 km of cycle paths in the Netherlands, presenting a great opportunity for harvesting solar power. 1. What is the function of photovoltaic cells? A. Changing solar energy into electricity. B. Absorbing more sunlight freely. C. Providing the strong level of grip. D. Ensuring modernization. 2. What can we know about the new solar panel technology from the text? A. It may destroy some natural landscapes. B. Utrecht fails to engage in it. C. It can be used for more than charging electric bicycles. D. It can’t balance the paths’ functionality and safety. 3. What does the last paragraph imply? A. The cycling paths bring large profits. B. The project is a challenge. C. The drawbacks of solar power are potential. D. The future of solar energy on bike paths is promising. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Netherlands Is Well-known for Its Expansive Cycling Facilities B. Solar Panels Transform Dutch Cycling Paths into Green Energy Passages C. New Technology Enables Equipment Linked to Wattway to Achieve Energy D. North Brabant and North Holland Cooperate on a Unified Programme 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了荷兰为了推进更可持续的未来，在自行车道上引入了铺有光伏电池的自行车道以收集太阳能。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Each panel consists of traditional photovoltaic cells that efficiently change solar energy into electricity.(每个面板都由传统的光伏电池组成，这些电池能高效地将太阳能转化为电能)”可知，光伏电池的功能是将太阳能转化为电能。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The technology enables equipment linked to Wattway to achieve energy autonomy, including diverse applications such as charging stations for electric bicycles, closed-circuit security cameras, bus shelters, and dynamic signs.(这项技术使与Wattway相关的设备能够实现能源自主，包括多种应用，如电动自行车充电站、闭路安全摄像头、公交候车亭和动态标志)”可知，这种新技术可以用于多种设备，而不仅仅是电动自行车充电。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, the Dutch project aims to potentially contribute to establishing a practical market for solar energy production on bike paths, specifically emphasizing the extensive 35,000 km of cycle paths in the Netherlands, presenting a great opportunity for harvesting solar power.(此外，荷兰的项目旨在可能为在自行车道上建立实际的太阳能生产市场做出贡献，特别强调了荷兰长达35,000公里的自行车道，为收集太阳能提供了巨大的机会)”可推知，最后一段暗示了在自行车道上利用太阳能的前景是光明的。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Aiming to advance a more sustainable future, the Netherlands has introduced cycling paths lined with photovoltaic cells (光伏电池) to harvest solar energy.(为了推进更可持续的未来，荷兰引入了铺有光伏电池的自行车道来收集太阳能)”可知，本文主要介绍了荷兰在自行车道上铺设光伏电池，将自行车道变成绿色能源通道的情况。B项“Solar Panels Transform Dutch Cycling Paths into Green Energy Passages(太阳能板将荷兰自行车道变成绿色能源通道)”最符合文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·河南南阳六校·期末） A special spelling event called “The Big Dictation” took place in the famous Champs-Elyseés street of Paris. The event was organized by a writer named Rachid Santaki, who is often called “Monsieur Dictee”, or “Mr. Dictation”. He came up with the idea of large groups of people participating in dictations (听写) back in 2013, thinking it could help people in France get better at reading and writing. Over 50,000 people applied to join in the special spelling event. In the end, around 5,000 people, aged 10 to 90, were chosen to take part. A large “blackboard” was set up for the event near a famous monument (纪念碑), the Arc de Triomphe. Three celebrities were there to play the part of the teacher, and read the dictation texts out loud. A total of 1,779 desks were set up in the street to be used in each of three different dictation sessions, each of which had a different theme, including classic French literature, contemporary French literature, and writing about sports. Ten-year-old Samson thought the dictation was too quick and he couldn’t finish. Another young student agreed. “It was impossible!” he said. “The dictation was for adults.” Even adults found it hard, reporting that it caused “stress and worry”. One retired woman was pleased that she had only made two mistakes. The organizer said the event wasn’t just about getting all the words right, but something that could bring people together. Another goal of The Big Dictation was to break the Guinness record for the largest dictation event ever. The previous record was set in 2018 at France’s national stadium, Stade de France, with 1,473 people taking part. It’s not clear if the event on the Champs-Elysees managed to beat the record. But even if it didn’t, The Big Dictation will be remembered by the people of Paris for a long time. 1. What was Rachid Santaki’s purpose in setting up “The Big Dictation”? A. To advertise Champs-Elysees street. B. To provide a platform to show citizens’ talents. C. To promote people’s reading and writing ability. D. To collect money for charity. 2. What did the event site look like? A. An outdoor classroom. B. A huge culture museum. C. A great exhibition of books. D. A large celebrity meet-and-greet. 3. What do most participants think of the dictation? A. Interesting. B. Challenging. C. Impractical. D. Rewarding. 4. What can we learn about the event from the last paragraph? A. It left a deep impression on the Parisians. B. It set up a new Guinness record on dictation. C. It got fewer than 1,473 participants eventually. D. It aimed to attract people worldwide. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一个在巴黎香榭丽舍大街举行的特殊拼写活动“The Big Dictation”。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“He came up with the idea of large groups of people participating in dictations (听写) back in 2013, thinking it could help people in France get better at reading and writing.(早在2013年，他就提出了让一大群人参与听写的想法，认为这可以帮助法国人提高阅读和写作水平)”可知，Rachid Santaki创立“The Big Dictation”的目的是提高人们的阅读和写作能力。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A large “blackboard” was set up for the event near a famous monument (纪念碑), the Arc de Triomphe. Three celebrities were there to play the part of the teacher, and read the dictation texts out loud. A total of 1,779 desks were set up in the street to be used in each of three different dictation sessions, each of which had a different theme, including classic French literature, contemporary French literature, and writing about sports.(在著名的凯旋门纪念碑附近，人们竖起了一块巨大的“黑板”。三位名人在那里扮演老师的角色，大声朗读听写的课文。在街上总共设置了1779张桌子，用于三种不同的听写会话，每种会话都有不同的主题，包括经典法国文学，当代法国文学和关于体育的写作)”可知，活动现场是一个户外教室。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ten-year-old Samson thought the dictation was too quick and he couldn’t finish. Another young student agreed. “It was impossible!” he said. “The dictation was for adults.” Even adults found it hard, reporting that it caused “stress and worry”. One retired woman was pleased that she had only made two mistakes.(10岁的Samson认为听写太快，他无法完成。另一个年轻的学生也同意。“这不可能!”他说。“听写是给成年人设置的。”即使是成年人也觉得这很难，他们说这会带来“压力和担忧”。一位退休妇女很高兴自己只犯了两个错误)”可知，大多数参与者认为听写具有挑战性。故选B项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The organizer said the event wasn’t just about getting all the words right, but something that could bring people together. Another goal of The Big Dictation was to break the Guinness record for the largest dictation event ever. The previous record was set in 2018 at France’s national stadium, Stade de France, with 1,473 people taking part. It’s not clear if the event on the Champs-Elysees managed to beat the record. But even if it didn’t, The Big Dictation will be remembered by the people of Paris for a long time.(组织者说，这次活动不仅仅是要把所有词都写对，而是要把人们聚集在一起。“大听写”的另一个目标是打破有史以来最大规模听写活动的吉尼斯纪录。此前的纪录是2018年在法国国家体育场法兰西体育场创下的，共有1473人参加。尚不清楚在香榭丽舍大街举行的这场活动是否打破了世界纪录。但即使没有，《大听写》也将被巴黎人民铭记很久)”可知，这次活动将被巴黎人民铭记很久，也就是给巴黎人留下了深刻的印象。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南漯河·期末） Social media often encourages us to paint life in an idealized light, emphasizing optimism, thankfulness, and a positive outlook in all that we share. I was the king of perfecting life. No fancy restaurant, overpriced coffee, or famous tourist destination was off-limits. I posed at the Eiffel Tower, threw a coin in the Trevi Fountain, and rode a camel around the pyramids, showing I was living my best life. Little did I know my ideal was about to change. This summer, I chose to start a journey in a manner I had never done before. While I had always traveled with loved ones, the idea of exploring a new location alone had always attracted me. My adventure alone to Portugal did not unfold as expected. I often found myself missing my husband and son. I spent two days ill in bed, eagerly waiting for my return flight. Despite this, the photos I posted on the Internet are only the fantastic scenes. I found myself discussing the weather and landscapes to avoid admitting that my trip was not entirely delightful. Why did it seem so forbidden to share less-than-perfect experiences? Why was I so used to turning every negative into a positive? Because we are made to feel that we should show hope, gratitude, and positivity in everything we display. While the effort to get inspiring social media stories from the most ordinary experiences is admirable, it takes “positivity” too far. Since returning from this journey, I’ve come to understand that it’s acceptable to have bad days and that life is composed of imperfect moments. Now, as I view my online releases, I’m reminded that not every picture-perfect post reflects the complete truth. I’ve become better at dealing with the social pressure to idealize every aspect of my life and recognize the importance of sharing the whole story. 1. From paragraph 2, what may we infer about the author? A. She spent more than she could afford. B. She dreamed of traveling around the world. C. She always tried to gain approval from others.. D. She was living her best life by travelling everywhere. 2. Which of the following best describes the author’s journey alone? A. Delightful. B. Bittersweet. C. Perfect. D. Annoying. 3. Why did it seem forbidden to share imperfect experiences? A. It was an indication of failure. B. It challenged social conventions. C. It made you disconnected with others. D. It had great negative impact on society. 4. What does the last paragraph emphasize? A. It’s showing the whole story that matters. B. It’s a must to perfect every aspect of our life. C. Each post online of the author reflects the true story. D. Negative experiences play an invisible role in growth. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过作者的一次旅游经历告诉我们，有糟糕的日子是可以接受的，生活是由不完美的时刻组成的。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I was the king of perfecting life. No fancy restaurant, overpriced coffee, or famous tourist destination was off-limits. I posed at the Eiffel Tower, threw a coin in the Trevi Fountain, and rode a camel around the pyramids, showing I was living my best life. (我是完美生活之王。没有高级餐厅，没有高价咖啡，也没有著名的旅游景点。我在埃菲尔铁塔前摆姿势，在许愿池里扔硬币，骑着骆驼绕着金字塔转，这些都表明我过着最美好的生活。)”可知，从第二段，我们可以推断出作者总是试图获得别人的认可。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While I had always traveled with loved ones, the idea of exploring a new location alone had always attracted me. (虽然我总是和爱的人一起旅行，但独自探索一个新地方的想法总是吸引着我。)”和第四段“Despite this, the photos I posted on the Internet are only the fantastic scenes. I found myself discussing the weather and landscapes to avoid admitting that my trip was not entirely delightful. (尽管如此，我在网上发布的照片只是一些精彩的风景。我发现自己在谈论天气和风景，以避免承认我的旅行并不完全愉快。)”可知，作者的这次独自旅行可以用“苦乐参半”这个词来概括。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Why did it seem so forbidden to share less-than-perfect experiences? Why was I so used to turning every negative into a positive? Because we are made to feel that we should show hope, gratitude, and positivity in everything we display. (为什么分享不那么完美的经历似乎是被禁止的？为什么我总是习惯于把消极转化为积极？因为我们被灌输了这样一种观念：在我们展示的每件事物中，我们都应该表现出希望、感激和积极。)”可知，分享不完美的经历似乎被禁止是因为它挑战了社会习俗。故选B项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Now, as I view my online releases, I’m reminded that not every picture-perfect post reflects the complete truth. I’ve become better at dealing with the social pressure to idealize every aspect of my life and recognize the importance of sharing the whole story. (现在，当我查看我在网上发布的文章时，我意识到并不是每一个完美的帖子都反映了完全的事实。我已经能更好地应对社会压力，将我生活的方方面面理想化，并认识到分享整个故事的重要性。)”可知，作者在最后一段强调了分享整个故事的重要性。故选A项。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·河南开封·期末） On Sunday night, the police found a baby koala in a bag in the town of Wishart in Queensland, Australia, during a traffic stop. Queensland police spokesperson Michael Beatty said that the officers asked a 50-year-old driver if she had anything to report. She then told the officers that she had a baby koala in her bag. “Not quite believing their ears, the officers cautiously opened the bag and found this lovely boy and we’ve called him Alfred,” the spokesperson said. “The young koala is about 6 months old and weighs 1.5 kg. It appears to be healthy, though it was very thirsty.” The police are warning people who find koalas to turn them over to authorities, rather than try to take care of them themselves. Koalas are protected in parts of Australia, including in Queensland, where they have been listed as “threatened” under the Nature Conservation Act. Of course, koalas are also violent animals. One particularly wild koala even attacked a farmer in South Australia when she was riding along a muddy road. “As it started running towards me, I thought I’d better speed up,” the terrified farmer told reporters. “But the road was too muddy, So I abandoned my bike and ran away. Fortunately, it ran up and attached itself to the dirty wheel — perhaps mistaking it for a eucalyptus tree.” Deakin University biologist Desley. Whisson has some tips in case you experience this predicament. “Koalas more generally run from than to people. The farmer did the right thing by moving away from her bike,” she said. “The best advice I can give to people is to not fight with a koala displaying unusual behaviour. Make sure that there is another object between you and the koala so that it can’t climb you. Or you can just simply run. Their fingers are very sharp.” She also believed the koala might have been confusing the sound of the bike with that of a koala mate. 4. What do the police in Wishart most likely want to tell the public? A. Koalas are protected by law all over Australia. B. It is illegal for the public to keep koalas in Queensland. C. The public should stay away from violent animals. D. Baby koalas are too violent to be kept in bags. 5. What can we learn about adult koalas? A. They enjoy climbing bikes. B. They have good eyesight. C. They can be dangerous. D. They weigh about 1.5kg. 6. What does the underlined word “predicament” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Boring animal. B. Interesting event. C. Pleasant meeting. D. Difficult situation. 7. From which is the text probably taken? A. A research paper. B. The Nature Conservation Act. C. A news report. D. An announcement from the police. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了澳大利亚昆士兰州威沙特镇的警方在一次交通检查中发现一只袋中的幼儿考拉，并将其命名为阿尔弗雷德。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The police are warning people who find koalas to turn them over to authorities, rather than try to take care of them themselves. Koalas are protected in parts of Australia, including in Queensland(警方警告发现考拉的人将它们交给当局，而不是自己照顾它们。考拉在澳大利亚部分地区受到保护，包括昆士兰州)”可知，警察想告诉公众在昆士兰州饲养考拉是违法的。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Of course, koalas are also violent animals.(当然，考拉也是一种暴力动物)”可知，考拉可能很危险。故选C项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段中Whisson的话“The best advice I can give to people is to not fight with a koala displaying unusual behaviour. Make sure that there is another object between you and the koala so that it can’t climb you. Or you can just simply run. Their fingers are very sharp.(我能给人们的最好建议是，不要和表现出异常行为的考拉打架。确保在你和考拉之间有另一个物体，这样它就不会爬上你。或者你可以直接跑。他们的手指很锋利)”可知，Whisson就人们与考拉遭遇时如何应对给出建议，建议不要与考拉打架，它们有锋利的手指，这是一种危险的情况。由此推知，划线词所在句“Whisson has some tips in case you experience this predicament.(如果你遇到这种predicament，Whisson有一些建议)”中“predicament”指的就是下文中提到的危险情况，即difficult situation。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“On Sunday night, the police found a baby koala in a bag in the town of Wishart in Queensland, Australia, during a traffic stop.(周日晚上，警方在澳大利亚昆士兰州Wishart镇的一次交通检查中发现了一只装在袋子里的考拉宝宝)”和下文中对相关人士的采访报道可推知，本文是一则关于澳大利亚昆士兰州威沙特镇的警方发现考拉宝宝的新闻报道，体现了新闻的时效性。所以本文可能自出一则新闻报道 。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南濮阳·期末） If you hear someone say that there’s “an elephant in the room”, there’s no need to be worried. This is an idiom that means there’s a big, clear problem or difficult situation that people don’t want to talk about. It’s almost as if there’s an elephant standing in the corner, but everyone is pretending it’s not there! So you might understand why “The elephant in the room” is the name Dutch artist Johannes-Harm Hovinga gave to his new project. For 20 days during June and July, 2024, Hovinga sat in a museum in the Dutch city of Arnhem and used a tool to make holes in the 7,700-page United Nations report on climate change. This was an artistic protest. He wanted to draw attention to climate change and to show that the world’s governments aren’t doing enough to try to save the planet. “Climate change is the elephant in the room”, Hovinga was saying through his art— the big, clear problem that we’ re not doing enough about. He had printed the pages of the report on different colored paper so that when he made the holes, there were large piles of colorful circles next to the table where he sat. People were able to watch Hovinga making his holes between June 22 and July 14, and see those piles getting bigger. Some visitors were touched as they watched, the museum said. Each day, Hovinga sat for six hours making holes, only drinking water and taking short breaks to use the bathroom. He said he began taking painkillers after two days because of the pain in his back, neck, and arms. The project ended on July 25 when Hovinga returned to take the paper piles away. But he has more hole-making projects planned for the future. 1. Why is the idiom mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To lead in the name of a project. B. To describe an interesting scene. C. To explain a common language usage. D. To show a special animal painted by an artist. 2. What is Hovinga’s purpose of his behavior? A. To promote his artworks. B. To help protect the earth. C. To advertise a new art style. D. To call for action to care for elephants. 3. Which of the following can best describe Hovinga? A. Odd but flexible. B. Humorous and energetic. C. Picky but productive. D. Creative and responsible. 4. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Hovinga had great fun doing his work. B. Hovinga wants more people to join him. C. Hovinga will continue with similar projects. D. Hovinga broke off the project because of pain. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了荷兰艺术家Johannes-Harm Hovinga通过一项特殊的艺术行为——在联合国气候变化报告的每一页上打孔，来抗议全球气候变化问题，并指出这是一个被忽视但明显存在的重大问题（即“an elephant in the room”）。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you hear someone say that there’s “an elephant in the room”, there’s no need to be worried. This is an idiom that means there’s a big, clear problem or difficult situation that people don’t want to talk about. It’s almost as if there’s an elephant standing in the corner, but everyone is pretending it’s not there! So you might understand why “The elephant in the room” is the name Dutch artist Johannes-Harm Hovinga gave to his new project.(如果你听到有人说“房间里有头大象”，不必担心。这是一个习语，意思是存在一个明显的大问题或棘手的局面，而人们却不愿提及。就好像真有一头大象站在角落里，但每个人都假装它不存在！这下你或许就能明白，荷兰艺术家Johannes - Harm Hovinga为何将他的新项目命名为 “房间里的大象” 了。)”可知，文章第一段先解释了“an elephant in the room”这个习语的含义，接着说“So you might understand why “The elephant in the room” is the name Dutch artist Johannes-Harm Hovinga gave to his new project.”，由此可知提到这个习语是为了引出荷兰艺术家新项目的名字。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This was an artistic protest. He wanted to draw attention to climate change and to show that the world’s governments aren’t doing enough to try to save the planet.(这是一场艺术抗议活动。他想引起人们对气候变化的关注，并表明世界各国政府在拯救地球方面做得还远远不够。)”可知，Hovinga这么做是想引起人们对气候变化的关注，表明各国政府在拯救地球方面做得不够，其目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护地球。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For 20 days during June and July, 2024, Hovinga sat in a museum in the Dutch city of Arnhem and used a tool to make holes in the 7,700-page United Nations report on climate change.(2024年6月至7月间的20天里，Hovinga坐在荷兰阿纳姆市的一家博物馆内，用一种工具在长达7700页的联合国气候变化报告上打孔。)”可知，Hovinga通过在联合国气候变化报告上打孔这一独特的艺术形式来表达对气候变化问题的关注，这种方式新颖且富有创意，展现了他的创造力；再根据文章第三段“This was an artistic protest. He wanted to draw attention to climate change and to show that the world’s governments aren’t doing enough to try to save the planet.(这是一场艺术抗议活动。他想引起人们对气候变化的关注，并表明世界各国政府在拯救地球方面做得还远远不够。)”可知，Hovinga意识到气候变化这一全球性问题，并通过自己的行动，试图引起人们对该问题的重视，促使各国政府采取更多行动来拯救地球，体现了他对地球环境的责任感。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But he has more hole-making projects planned for the future.(但他计划在未来开展更多打孔项目。)”可知，Hovinga计划在未来开展更多类似打孔的项目。故选C。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南漯河·期末） The world may be losing its tiny pollinators. Where were the sound of flying insects striking against the lightbulb? Even the cicadas (蝉) or crickets (蟋蟀) had stilled its instruments. Where have all the insects gone? Our lives rely on a healthy insect population. Research shows that areas with more insect species have better and more stable pollination. As Dave Goulson, a biology professor, explains in his book Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse, about three-quarters of all crops grown by humans need animal pollination, mostly by insects. “We could not feed the global human population without pollinators,” he writes. It’s not just bees and butterflies that are important; other less attractive pollinators like flies, wasps, and soldier beetles are also in decline. These insects not only pollinate but also eat pests that damage crops. Scientists have been warning about the decrease in insect numbers for years. The reasons are climate change, loss of habitats, light pollution, intensive farming, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers. However, it’s difficult to convince people to take action. We humans have a complex relationship with these six-legged creatures. Remember Kafka’s Metamorphosis, where a man turns into a bug, or the Victorian stories where naughty children become insects? Seen closely, even the face of a butterfly or bee is disturbing. y strange. Perhaps we’ve been pushing insects away. Some steps may be as simple as turning off artificial light. A recent study in China found that trees in Beijing, lit by street lights at night, seem to have tougher leaves and less damage from insects. In other words, insects are probably being starved out of the area. We should address our attitudes to insects. Those annoying flies around your food? They use simply doing what they were born for. They’re recycling. Without them we might be wondering what to do about piles of waste. Besides, they’re food for birds, and UK bird populations have crashed in recent years. 1. How does insect diversity influence our lives? A. It makes our life less attractive. B. It contributes to our grain increase. C. It has no significant effect on our life. D. It results in a decrease in animal pollination. 2. What is implied about our relationship with insects? A. We have a negative and fearful idea of them. B. We are completely indifferent to them. C. We have always been very friendly towards them. D. We rely on them and really care about their survival. 3. What is one suggested step to lessen insects decline? A. Introducing more species to control pests. B. Increasing the use of pesticides to protect crops. C. Planting more trees to provide habitats for insects. D. Turning off artificial light to reduce light pollution. 4. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To call on people to preserve insects. B. To illustrate the necessity of recycling. C. To show humans’ relationship with insects. D. To describe the decrease of insects populations. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出昆虫数量在减少，阐述了昆虫多样性对人类生活的重要性、昆虫减少的原因，还给出了应对措施，呼吁人们保护昆虫。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Research shows that areas with more insect species have better and more stable pollination. As Dave Goulson, a biology professor, explains in his book Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse, about three quarters of all crops grown by humans need animal pollination, mostly by insects.(研究表明，昆虫种类更多的地区有更好、更稳定的授粉情况。正如生物学教授戴夫·古尔森在他的《寂静地球：避免昆虫末日》一书中解释的那样，人类种植的大约四分之三的农作物需要动物授粉，主要是昆虫授粉)”可知，昆虫多样性有助于农作物授粉，从而促进粮食增产。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We humans have a complex relationship with these six legged creatures. Remember Kafka’s Metamorphosis, where a man turns into a bug, or the Victorian stories where naughty children become insects? Seen closely, even the face of a butterfly or bee is disturbing. Maybe strange. Perhaps we’ve been pushing insects away.(我们人类与这些六条腿的生物有着复杂的关系。还记得卡夫卡的《变形记》吗，里面一个人变成了虫子，或者维多利亚时代的故事里调皮的孩子变成了昆虫?凑近看，即使是蝴蝶或蜜蜂的脸也很让人不安，也许很奇怪。也许我们一直在把昆虫推开)”可知，我们对昆虫有负面和恐惧的看法。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some steps may be as simple as turning off artificial light. A recent study in China found that trees in Beijing, lit by street lights at night, seem to have tougher leaves and less damage from insects. In other words, insects are probably being starved out of the area.(有些措施可能像关掉人造光一样简单。中国最近的一项研究发现，北京夜晚被路灯照亮的树木，叶子似乎更坚韧，受到昆虫的损害也更少。换句话说，昆虫可能正因这个区域的光而饿死)”可知，关掉人造光以减少光污染是减缓昆虫数量减少的一个建议措施。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Our lives rely on a healthy insect population.(我们的生活依赖于健康的昆虫种群)”和最后一段“We should address our attitudes to insects.(我们应该改变对昆虫的态度)”可知，文章强调了昆虫对人类生活的重要性，号召人们改变对昆虫的态度，所以其目的是呼吁人们保护昆虫。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南三门峡·期末） All baby animals are cute. Seal pups (海豹幼崽) are no exception. One such pup, a spotted seal pup, about 20 days old, was found on the beach in Panjin, Liaoning Province, by the local people. Among those who rescued the seal pup were Li Yue, of the Fisheries Law Enforcement Command (FLEC) team, and volunteer Tian Jiguang, founder of Panjin Wetland Protection Association. “The seal pup was found with a fishing net around its neck. Seals, even seal pups, have a violent temper. So when we approached it to remove the fishing net from its neck, it thought we would harm it and turned aggressive (富于攻击性的) like an angry dog. But the more it struggled, the tighter the net became. Eventually, it realized that we meant no harm, and allowed us to remove the net,” said Tian. Spotted seals’ intelligence is roughly equal to that of a four-year-old child and even young seals can survive on their own in the wild. But since the rescued pup was just about three weeks old and wouldn’t have survived the harsh environment of the open sea without its mother, it was not released into the sea immediately. Spotted seals are relatively shy, difficult to approach and generally live alone, though they form large groups during pupping and molting (换毛) seasons when they walk slowly on ice or on land, which nowadays is often the case. Perhaps that’s why the pup was aggressive when approached. “We took care of it for a day, and then sent it to the Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute in Dalian for treatment and examination. Only after we are sure the pup has developed the ability to survive in the wild will it be returned to the sea,” said Li, captain of the FLEC team. Li generally rescues several spotted seals every year. 1. What does paragraph 2 focus on? A. The process of rescuing the seal pup. B. The new life of the trapped seal pup. C. The habit of the spotted seal pup. D. The approach to removing the seal pup. 2. What can we learn about spotted seals from the text? A. They form groups when hunting. B. They have a great survival ability. C. They are cleverer than young children. D. Their pups are always fighting with each other. 3. What may happen to the seal pup next? A. It will be examined by the FLEC team. B. It will be taken care of by volunteers. C. It will be released into the sea immediately. D. It will stay at the research institute for a while. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. A Seal Pup Was Released into the Sea B. Seal Pups Were Protected by Volunteers C. A Seal Pup Was Rescued by Nearby People D. An Injured Seal Pup Attracted People’s Attention 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了当地居民在辽宁省盘锦的海滩上发现了一只大约20天大的斑点海豹幼崽及相关人员对这只海豹的救援与保护。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“The seal pup was found with a fishing net around its neck. Seals, even seal pups, have a violent temper. So when we approached it to remove the fishing net from its neck, it thought we would harm it and turned aggressive (富于攻击性的) like an angry dog. But the more it struggled, the tighter the net became. Eventually, it realized that we meant no harm, and allowed us to remove the net (这只小海豹被发现时脖子上缠着渔网。海豹，甚至小海豹，脾气都很暴躁。因此，当我们走近它，取下它脖子上的渔网时，它以为我们会伤害它，就像一只愤怒的狗一样变得好斗。但它越是挣扎，网就越紧。最终，它意识到我们没有恶意，并允许我们撤下网)”可知，本段主要是介绍救援小海豹的过程。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Spotted seals’ intelligence is roughly equal to that of a four-year-old child and even young seals can survive on their own in the wild. ( 斑点海豹的智力大致相当于一个四岁的孩子，即使是小海豹也能在野外独自生存)”可知，斑点豹有着很强的生存能力。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We took care of it for a day, and then sent it to the Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute in Dalian for treatment and examination. Only after we are sure the pup has developed the ability to survive in the wild will it be returned to the sea (我们照顾了它一天，然后把它送到大连的辽宁省海洋与渔业科学研究所进行治疗和检查。只有当我们确定这只幼崽已经具备了在野外生存的能力后，才会把它放回大海)”可推知，接下来这只小海豹应该会在研究所待一段时间。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“One such pup, a spotted seal pup, about 20 days old, was found on the beach in Panjin, Liaoning Province, by the local people. Among those who rescued the seal pup were Li Yue, of the Fisheries Law Enforcement Command (FLEC) team, and volunteer Tian Jiguang, founder of Panjin Wetland Protection Association. (当地居民在辽宁省盘锦的海滩上发现了一只大约20天大的斑点海豹幼崽。在救助海豹幼崽的人中，有渔业执法总队的李跃，以及志愿者、盘锦湿地保护协会创始人田继光)”及最后一段“We took care of it for a day, and then sent it to the Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute in Dalian for treatment and examination. Only after we are sure the pup has developed the ability to survive in the wild will it be returned to the sea (我们照顾了它一天，然后把它送到大连的辽宁海洋与渔业科学研究所进行治疗和检查。只有当我们确定这只幼崽已经具备了在野外生存的能力后，才会把它放回大海)”可知，本文主要讲述了当地居民发现一只被困受伤的海豹，一些志愿者和专业救援人员对小海豹实施救援后，把它送到大连的辽宁海洋与渔业科学研究所进行治疗和检查，确保安全生存后才会放生。由此可知，A Seal Pup Was Rescued by Nearby People (一只小海豹被附近的人救起)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南洛阳期末） Kate Townshend looks beyond the pages of her favourite books, sharing what she has learned from the women whose voices we don’t hear but whose presence is felt deeply. “There’s really no such thing as the ‘voiceless’. There are only the intentionally silenced, or the preferably unheard.” This quote from Arundhati Roy is one I’ve turned over in my mind a great deal as a reader, and I wonder if it explains my fascination with a certain kind of character that I’ve noticed cropping up in all sorts of literary forms from novels to plays to classical epics (史诗). Specifically, I’m talking about the characters I’ve come to think of as the “silent women” of literature— those whose presence haunts the edges of all sorts of stories; those who are denied voices of their own. In fact, my favourite novel contains one such figure. In Daphne Du Maurier’s Rebecca, we never actually meet Rebecca except in flashbacks and third person accounts. Despite this, her influence looms (隐约出现) large, and in her absence, many of the answers to the book’s key questions are just out of reach. If she’s really the monster (怪人) that some of the novel’s living characters paint her as, for instance, then why does she inspire such loyalty and love? Rebecca was one of my first lessons in my viewpoint— how we can all easily become the villain if we let other people tell our stories. And once I started looking, I found these “silent” women everywhere, still managing to speak volumes beyond imprisonment, madness and even death. I wonder if we see these silent women sometimes, particularly in historical literature, because female authors like Du Maurier were engaged in their own struggles to be heard. Protecting themselves behind male pseudonyms (笔名) and accepting judgement and ridicule were part and parcel of putting pen to paper for many women writers, so perhaps it’s unsurprising that these themes of the importance of voice crop up in their stories too. These apparently “silent” characters have so much to teach us in the end, if we can only learn to listen. 1. What can be inferred about Kate Townshend? A. She’s a book reviewer. B. She’s a writer of novels. C. She’s a lover of literature. D. She’s a character the author pities. 2. How does the author develop Paragraph 4? A. By quoting some famous sayings. B. By giving an example to support his/ her idea. C. By describing the main character in detail. D. By listing some of his/ her favourite novels. 3. What does the underlined word “villain” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. A person who is a bad character. B. A person who intends to be silent. C. A voiceless person that can’t speak. D. A person who pretends not to hear. 4. What’s a suitable title for the text? A. Why should we speak out our own viewpoint? B. How can we learn to understand voiceless people? C. What can we learn from the “silent women” of literature? D. Why are more women beginning to stand up for women? 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了Kate Townshend对于文学中“沉默的女性”角色的思考和感悟。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Kate Townshend looks beyond the pages of her favourite books, sharing what she has learned from the women whose voices we don’t hear but whose presence is felt deeply.(Kate Townshend不仅阅读她最喜欢的书籍，还分享了她从那些我们听不到声音但却能深深感受到它们的存在的女性身上学到的东西。)”可知，Kate Townshend喜欢从书中学习，尤其是对书中那些沉默但有存在感的女性角色有深入的思考，这表明她对文学有深厚的热爱。因此，可以推断出Kate Townshend是一个文学爱好者。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。第四段中“In Daphne Du Maurier’s Rebecca, we never actually meet Rebecca except in flashbacks and third person accounts. Despite this, her influence looms (隐约出现) large, and in her absence, many of the answers to the book’s key questions are just out of reach. If she’s really the monster (怪人) that some of the novel’s living characters paint her as, for instance, then why does she inspire such loyalty and love?(在Daphne Du Maurier的《Rebecca》中，除了在闪回和第三人称叙述中，我们从未真正见过Rebecca。尽管如此，她的影响力还是很大，在她不在的情况下，书中许多关键问题的答案都遥不可及。如果她真的是小说中一些活生生的人物所描绘的怪物，那么为什么她会激发人们对她的忠诚和爱呢？)”主要讲述了作者最喜欢的小说《Rebecca》中的一个“沉默的女性”角色Rebecca，以及她在小说中的重要影响。作者通过举这个例子来支持自己的观点，即这些“沉默的女性”角色在文学作品中具有重要意义。因此，本段是通过举例来展开论述的。故选B。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Rebecca was one of my first lessons in my viewpoint— how we can all easily become the villain if we let other people tell our stories.(Rebecca给了我关于我的观点的第一课——如果我们让别人讲述我们的故事，我们所有人都很容易变成villain 。)”以及后文“And once I started looking, I found these ‘silent’ women everywhere, still managing to speak volumes beyond imprisonment, madness and even death.(当我开始观察时，我发现这些“沉默”的女性无处不在，她们仍然能说出比监禁、疯狂甚至死亡更深刻的话语。)”可知，“沉默”的女性无处不在，她们仍然能说出比监禁、疯狂甚至死亡更深刻的话语，而如果我们让别人讲述我们的故事，我们自己原本深刻的话语则可能就会被误解或歪曲，从而变成他人讲述的故事中被塑造成的坏角色。因此，画线词“villain”指的是“坏人；恶棍”。A选项“A person who is a bad character.( 一个品行不好的人。)”与划线词意思相近。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In Daphne Du Maurier’s Rebecca, we never actually meet Rebecca except in flashbacks and third person accounts. Despite this, her influence looms (隐约出现) large, and in her absence, many of the answers to the book’s key questions are just out of reach. If she’s really the monster (怪人) that some of the novel’s living characters paint her as, for instance, then why does she inspire such loyalty and love?(在Daphne Du Maurier的《Rebecca》中，除了在闪回和第三人称叙述中，我们从未真正见过Rebecca。尽管如此，她的影响力还是很大，在她不在的情况下，书中许多关键问题的答案都遥不可及。如果她真的是小说中一些活生生的人物所描绘的怪物，那么为什么她会激发人们对她的忠诚和爱呢？)”以及最后一段中“These apparently “silent” characters have so much to teach us in the end, if we can only learn to listen.(如果我们能学会倾听，这些看似“沉默”的角色最终会教给我们很多东西。)”以及通读全文，本文主要讲述了Kate Townshend对于文学中“沉默的女性”角色的思考和感悟。她认为这些被刻意沉默或不愿被听到的女性角色在文学作品中具有重要意义，并通过分析自己喜爱的小说《丽贝卡》中的例子，探讨了女性作者如何在自己的作品中表达声音的重要性。文章强调了这些“沉默的女性”角色所能教给我们的东西，如果我们能学会倾听的话。因此，最适合作为文章标题的是“What can we learn from the ‘silent women’ of literature?(我们能从文学中的“沉默的女性”身上学到什么？)”符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南濮阳·期末） Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Bate put the drop in the number of books read by students down to shorter attention spans (持续时间), which he linked to the use of smartphones. “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the attrition of attention span due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and soon,” he said. “It all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of the GCSE and the tendency to recommend shorter works.” Bate suggested that, in contrast to students from privately educated backgrounds, those from state schools in Britain usually haven’t been introduced to a wide variety of lengthy books and haven’t formed the habit of reading them either. He said it was because those students come from disadvantaged schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there. Fortunately, state-funded charter schools in the US offer classical education, with more flexibility in curriculum (课程). Bate’s son, a recent graduate from a charter high school called Great Hearts, studied works like The Iliad and Crime and Punishment. The school even provided bagels for studying Hegel (a famous writer). “I couldn’t understand Hegel when I was a graduate student. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope,” Bate said that the long-term impact of not habitually reading long texts was troubling for the future of literary culture. “If you haven’ t got readers, what are writers going to do? The intensive, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health; it’ s very good for developing skills for concentration and critical thinking — and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and for individuals.” 1. What does the underlined word “attrition” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Expansion. B. Decrease. C. Destruction. D. Progress. 2. What can we know about the students from state schools in Britain? A. They have limited access to long books. B. They prioritize crowd control over reading. C. They are likely to read more classical books. D. They enjoy advantage over those from private schools. 3. What is Bate’s attitude towards the future of literature in the US? A. Doubtful. B. Unclear. C. Uncaring. D. Optimistic. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. There is a tendency that students read fewer books. B. It is necessary for students to read classic books. C. No exposure to books is bad for students’ mental health. D. Reading short works can improve students’ concentration. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕英国牛津大学英语文学教授Jonathan Bate对学生阅读习惯的变化所表达的担忧和观点展开。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned.(牛津大学英国文学教授Jonathan Bate爵士警告称，文学专业的学生曾经每周能读完三本书，但如今，他们三周读完一本都很吃力。)”可知，文章第一段提到学生现在读书数量大幅下降；再根据划线单词所在句“Bate put the drop in the number of books read by students down to shorter attention spans(持续时间), which he linked to the use of smartphones.( Bate将学生读书数量的减少归因于注意力持续时间……，他认为这与智能手机的使用有关。)”可知，Bate认为这种下降与智能手机使用有关。由此可推测，这里是说智能手机导致注意力持续时间“减少”，所以学生读书数量才下降。选项B“decrease”意为“减少”，与此相符。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Bate suggested that, in contrast to students from privately educated backgrounds, those from state schools in Britain usually haven’t been introduced to a wide variety of lengthy books and haven’t formed the habit of reading them either.( Bate指出，与接受私立教育背景的学生相比，英国公立学校的学生通常没有接触过种类繁多的长篇书籍，也没有养成阅读长篇书籍的习惯。)”可知，英国公立学校的学生通常没有接触过很多长篇书籍，即他们接触长篇书籍的机会有限。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Bate’s son, a recent graduate from a charter high school called Great Hearts, studied works like The Iliad and Crime and Punishment. The school even provided bagels for studying Hegel (a famous writer). “I couldn’t understand Hegel when I was a graduate student. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope,” Bate said that the long-term impact of not habitually reading long texts was troubling for the future of literary culture.( Bate的儿子刚从一所名为“伟大心灵”的特许高中毕业，他学习过《伊利亚特》和《罪与罚》等作品。学校甚至还为学生研读黑格尔（一位著名作家）的作品提供百吉饼。“我读研究生的时候都读不懂黑格尔。我很惊讶17岁的美国孩子竟然在读黑格尔。所以还是有一些希望的。”Bate表示，不经常阅读长篇文本，从长远来看，会给文学文化的未来带来困扰。)”可知，文章第四段提到美国公立特许学校提供古典教育，Bate的儿子所在学校让学生研读像《伊利亚特》《罪与罚》以及黑格尔的作品 。并且Bate说“So there is some hope”，由此可以推断出他对美国文学的未来持乐观态度。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇点明文学专业学生读书数量从过去每周三本到如今三周一本都困难，接着分析了原因，如智能手机导致注意力时长缩短、公立学校学生接触长篇书籍机会少等，还通过美国特许学校的例子说明仍有希望，整体围绕学生读书数量减少这一趋势展开。故选A。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·河南济源·期末） “With the passing of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, China and the world have lost one greatest agricultural scientists,” said Kenneth Quinn, president of the World Food Prize Foundation (基金会). Quinn also shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday. Quinn first met Yuan in October 2004, when Yuan traveled to Des Moines in the U.S. state of Iowa to receive the World Food Prize. As they walked out of the airport, Quinn received a call and stepped aside to speak. When he turned back a minute or two later, he lost Yuan. “I had never before ‘lost’ a laureate (贵人),” he said. After an anxious search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation. Quinn admired Yuan as a teacher. “He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students. The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.” In Quinn’s eyes, Yuan was incredibly modest, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty. With a ‘down to earth’ attitude, Yuan greatly reduced hunger and provided farmers with surplus (多余的) income through his discovery of hybrid rice. Learning of Yuan’s passing away on Saturday, Quinn issued a statement to send his deepest sympathy to Yuan’s family and colleagues. “Professor Yuan Longping, who was truly beloved in his country and by all of us who knew him, will be greatly missed. His legacy will provide inspiration to generations far into the future, in China and across the world,” Quinn said in the statement. 1. How did Kenneth Quinn feel when he found Yuan in a group of students? A. Confused B. Sorry C. Angry. D. Amazed 2. How did Yuan Longping treat young people? A. He sent young students abroad for further study. B. He cared about the development of the youth. C. He was too busy to answer the students’ question. D. He was generous to help young people out of poverty. 3. What do the words “down to earth” mean in paragraph 4? A. Critical. B. General. C. Flexible. D. Realistic. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To inspire the young. B. To tell the stories of Yuan Longping. C. To introduce the “father of hybrid rice”. D. To remember Professor Yuan Longping. 【答案】1. D 2. B 36. D 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述世界粮食奖基金会主席肯尼斯奎恩对中国杂交水稻之父袁隆平院士的追忆和高度评价。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“After an anxious search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation. (经过一番急切的搜寻，他发现袁教授身边围着一群微笑的艾奥瓦州立大学研究生，他们是如此崇拜他以至于想带他出去吃顿饭聊聊天。)”可知，当肯尼斯•奎恩在一群学生中间找到袁隆平时，他是很震惊的。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中““He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students. The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.” (“他总是有时间回答问题，并与年轻的科学家和学生交谈。我们每年派往他的研究中心的美国高中生总是满载而归，并渴望了解更多。”)”可知，袁隆平很在意年轻人的学习和发展。故选B项。 【3题详解】 短语猜测题。根据文章第四段中“With a ‘down to earth’ attitude, Yuan greatly reduced hunger and provided farmers with surplus (多余的) income through his discovery of hybrid rice. (本着“……”的态度，袁隆平通过发现杂交水稻，大大减少了饥饿，并为农民提供了剩余收入。)”可知，down to earth是袁隆平的一种态度，结合“In Quinn’s eyes, Yuan was incredibly modest, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty. (在奎因眼中，袁隆平非常谦虚，从不求名，只专注于努力工作和能够帮助人们摆脱贫困的成果。)”可知，袁隆平的态度是很务实的，意为“脚踏实地”，与realistic接近，故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Quinn also shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday. (奎因周日在接受新华社采访时还分享了他对“杂交水稻之父”的记忆。)”可知，本文是在追忆并纪念袁隆平院士。故选D项。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·河南洛阳·期末） Will your job be done by a robot in the future? Bank of England economist s predict that almost half of all UK jobs are under threat of automation. But could even the admired profession of teaching soon have to compete against powerful electronic educators? At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class. Despite that, some believe the future of education will be technological. Futurist Thomas Frey, from Business Insider magazine, predicts that “by 2030 the largest company on the internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.” He thinks that ‘bots’— online robot teachers will make education so efficient that students will be able to compress (压缩) an entire undergraduate degree into six months of learning. A bot learns what your “idiosyncrasies” “interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time,” according to Frey. Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace. But there are limitations. Without the face-to-face inspiration of a classroom environment, the majority of students fail to complete online courses. How to keep motivation to learn is one more skill that online teachers will need to master. Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs. 1. What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A. Teaching by robots can be replaced. B. The advantages of face-to-face teaching. C. Human teachers will be replaced by robots. D. The potential of the electronic educators. 2. What does the underlined word “idiosyncrasies” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Personalities. B. Senses. C. Nationalities. D. Families. 3. Why are Udemy and Khan Academy mentioned? A. To tell how online learning is progressing. B. To show the significance of online learning. C. To explain people how online learning works. D. To suggest the shortcomings of online learning. 4. What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A. How robots will change in the future. B. How artificial intelligence will destroy jobs. C. How educators will meet the future challenge. D. How electronic educators will lose their jobs. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了教学似乎不可能被机器人取代，尽管如此，一些人认为未来的教育将是科技的。文章说明了面对面教学的优势以及在线学习的发展情况。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class.(乍一看，教学似乎不可能被机器人取代。教师使用的一系列软技能是机器很难完全复制的。他们判断学生的需求，并相应地调整反馈。他们调整材料，使其更吸引人，更有效。他们提供亲切的照顾：注意那些掉队或扰乱课堂的学生)”可知，第二段的主要内容是面对面教学的优势。故选B。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time”可知，此处指机器人会了解你的“兴趣”和“参考点”是什么，然后随着时间的推移，它会想出如何以越来越快的方式教你。由此推知，机器人会全面了解你，以便因材施教，因此划线词idiosyncrasies应该是指你的“个性”。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace.(不管在过去的十年里，这种令人难以置信的速度是否会达到，在线学习平台已经有了巨大的增长。Udemy和可汗学院等公司提供的课程让数百万人可以在家按照自己的进度免费学习)”可推知，提到Udemy和可汗学院是为了讲述在线学习的发展情况。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs.(事实上，弗雷承认还有一段路要走：“没有人能完全破解未来教育的密码。”老师们自己是怎么想的呢？英国德比大学的唐纳德·克拉克教授认为，我们应该接受改变，即使人们会失去工作)”可推知，在最后一段之后可能会讨论教育工作者将如何应对未来的挑战。故选C。 Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·河南郑州·期末） Recent videos claiming that a school in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, serves pre-made meals to its students have caused heated discussions across the country. People doubt if pre-made meals, despite being convenient, are healthy and nutritious enough for growing teenagers. Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine Association. There are several types of pre-made foods, including ready-to-eat food, such as canned food or cooked food in packages, and ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food, which requires heating or cooking before being served. Many people tend to think that ready-to-heat and ready-to-cook foods are less nutritious because they usually need to be kept in freezers or refrigerators. “Actually freezing does not cause a loss of nutrients,” Liu Junya, a 33-year-old dietitian in Beijing, told Teens. “Nutrient loss typically occurs during the heating or frying process.” Vitamins from the B group and vitamin C found in meat and vegetables are heat-sensitive and can be lost during the process. By being heated or cooked twice or more, “pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods,” Liu said. Meanwhile, “many pre-made food companies weigh taste over nutrition,” said Liu. This leads to higher levels of salt and sugar in the food, which may lead to health problems. Additives (添加剂) are also a major concern related to pre-made foods. In China, there are strict standards for food additives. Currently, China’s food industry has well-developed techniques to preserve pre-made foods without the overuse of additives. Some food can be sterilized (消毒) and then sealed after cooking, followed by low-temperature storage, allowing for a longer shelf life. However, it’s essential that customers buy pre-made meals from qualified food companies or supermarkets. It is hoped that regulations (管理) on pre-made meals can be strengthened to better ensure nutrition and hygiene. “This way, pre-made meals will be more accepted by the public,” Liu said. 1. What can be learned about pre-made meals from the passage? A. They are usually costly and tasty. B. They taste better than homemade food. C. They are already partly or fully cooked. D. They are high in sugar, salt and vitamins. 2. When does Liu Junya think nutrient loss typically occurs in pre-made foods? A. During cooking. B. During freezing. C. During packaging. D. During sterilizing. 3. What does the author suggest consumers do about pre-made meals? A. Keep pre-made meals frozen. B. Check the cooking instructions. C. Be careful of the additives used. D. Buy from reliable food suppliers. 4. What does Liu Junya think of pre-made meals? A. They are a convenient choice for all. B. They are suitable for daily consumption. C. They shoud be avoided for long-term health. D. They can be more accepted if controlled properly. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了预制餐不为大众所接受的原因并且提出监管得当才能保证其营养健康。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine Association. (根据中国烹饪协会的说法，预制餐是指已经煮熟或准备好的半成品或成品菜肴)”可知，预制餐指的是已经烹饪或准备好的半成品或成品菜肴。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Nutrient loss typically occurs during the heating or frying process.(营养损失通常发生在加热或油炸过程中)”可知，营养流失通常发生在烹饪过程中。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, it’s essential that customers buy pre-made meals from qualified food companies or supermarkets.(然而，消费者必须从合格的食品公司或超市购买预制食品)”可知，消费者应该从可靠的来源购买预制餐。选D。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is hoped that regulations on pre-made meals can be strengthened to better ensure nutrition and hygiene. “This way, pre-made meals will be more accepted by the public,” Liu said.(人们希望加强对预制食品的监管，以更好地确保营养和卫生。“这样的话，预制饭菜将更容易被公众接受，”刘说)”可知，如果监管得当，预制饭菜将更容易被公众接受。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·河南焦作·期末） Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. These days, you have to make a decision on not only the percentage of fat you want, but also what source you want your milk to be coming from: cows, soybeans... You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused. This phenomenon is known as the paradox (悖论) of choice and it is becoming a concern in the modern world, where more and more options are becoming easily available to us. While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice. The idea was popularized by American psychologist Barry Schwartz when he published his book, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Schwartz, who has long studied the ways in which economics and psychology intersect (交叉), became interested in seeing the way that choices were affecting the happiness of citizens in Western societies. He identified that the range of choices that we have available to us these days is far greater than that people had in the past; however, consumer satisfaction has not increased as much as traditional economics theories might expect. Schwartz identified that the paradox of choice carries the most consequence for people that are maximizers. Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. When there are many options available to maximizers, it becomes harder for them to determine which is the best, which can cause them to feel a great deal of regret after they have made a choice. Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society. 1. What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning buying milk in paragraph 1? A. To lead in the topic. B. To draw a conclusion. C. To show that we have more choices when shopping. D. To indicate that people pay greater attention to health when shopping. 2. What does the paradox of choice suggest? A. More options mean less satisfaction. B. Consumer satisfaction has greatly increased. C. People are happy with more choices. D. Modern people are happier than their ancestors. 3. What can be learned about satisficers? A. They aim for the very best. B. They tend to follow their feelings. C. They often regret their decisions. D. They have trouble making a decision. 4. What does Schwartz suggest people do? A. Hold on to their beliefs. B. Accept their own behavior. C. Give up freedom. D. Limit their own choices. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。 文章主要介绍了“选择悖论”这一现象，即过多的选择会让人们感到困惑和不满，从而降低消费者的满意度。文章还介绍了“最大化者”和“满足者”的区别，以及心理学和行为经济学在解决这一问题中的作用。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. (想象一下，你需要牛奶，所以你去杂货店买了一些，却发现有几十种选择)”以及“You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused.(你不知道该选什么牛奶。有太多的选择让你感到困惑)”可知，购物时牛奶品类众多，以至于很难做出决策。是下文“选择的悖论”这一现象的一个案例。由此可推知，文章第一段提到买牛奶就是为了引出文章的话题。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice.(虽然我们可能认为，提供多种选择实际上会让我们更容易选择一种我们满意的选择，从而提高消费者满意度，选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力才能做出决定，这会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意)”可知，选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力才能做出决定，这会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意。由此可推知，更多的选择意味着更少的满足感。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. (与满足者不同，最大化者关心的是做出最好的选择，而不是简单地做出他们满意的选择)”可推知，满足者跟随自己的感觉，不纠结于必须做出“最好的”决定。故选B。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society.(施瓦茨不认为选择的自由是无限的，而是主张心理学和行为经济学的作用应该是找到对自由的限制，从而在社会中获得最大程度的幸福)”可知，施瓦茨建议人们限制自己的选择。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·河南周口恒大·期末） Most female fashion models start their careers in their late teens and retire in their early 30’s,but 96-year-old Alice Pang is not your ordinary fashion model.She started modelling at 93,so you could say she’s still a beginner. Alice always liked dressing well and looking elegant,but never actually considered a career in modelling.But her granddaughter always thought she had it in her,so when she saw an online ad for senior models of 65,she sent in Alice’s pictures and she was chosen for a photo shoot.Today,she is recognised as one of the best senior models in Asia,as well as the oldest. “I entered the industry when I was 93 and this is my third year working as a model,” she added. “I’ve shot a few commercials,cosmetics,camera and trade development.It feels great to be admired.” Born in 1923,Alice never dreamed she would one day be modelling for high-end fashion brands like Gucci,Ellery or Valentino,let alone at age 96.But her fair complexion(面色) and excellent posture—uncommon qualities for people her age—make her one of the most sought-after senior models in the business. Surprisingly,Alice doesn’t credit exercise or a strict diet for her enviable(令人羡慕的) figure and posture.Even though she agrees that exercise helps some people stay in good shape,she doesn’t even have a morning exercise routine,crediting her good genes instead. “My skin tone is ivory because I’m seldom exposed to the sun and I have straight back,” Alice said.“Exercise is definitely good for you and many would do morning exercise but I don’t do that.It’s just natural.” While most people praise her for her active lifestyle and the courage to start a whole new career in her nineties.Alice Pang is not without her critics,most of whom say that she should dress and act according to her age.She chooses to ignore them,though,saying that her personal happiness is all that counts. 1. Where did Alice’s granddaughter see the advertisement? A. In the newspaper. B. On TV. C. In a magazine. D. On the Internet. 2. What contributes to Alices nice figure and posture? A. Her family tradition. B. Her regular exercise. C. Her family genes. D. Her strict diet. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Alice likes dressing according to her age. B. Alice takes some people’s words seriously. C. People have different opinions about Alice. D. Most people advise her to quit the career. 4. What is the most important to Alice? A. Her career. B. People’s comments. C. Her dresses. D. Her happiness. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。Alice Pang总是喜欢把自己打扮得非常漂亮、优雅。在93岁时踏上了通往模特的道路,被誉为亚洲最“古老”的模特。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“so when she saw an online ad for senior models of 65,she sent in Alice’s pictures and she was chosen for a photo shoot.”（所以当她在网上看到招聘65岁的高级模特的广告时，她把爱丽丝的照片寄了过去，爱丽丝被选中去拍照。）可知，她是从网上看到的广告。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句“she doesn’t even have a morning exercise routine, crediting her good genes instead.”（她甚至没有早起锻炼的习惯，这归功于她的优良基因。）可知,她的身材和姿态得益于好的基因。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“While most people praise her for her active lifestyle and the courage to start a whole new career in her nineties.Alice Pang is not without her critics,most of whom say that she should dress and act according to her age”（虽然大多数人都称赞她积极的生活方式和勇气。但是Alice Pang并非没有受到批评，大多数人都说她应该根据年龄来着装和行事。）可知，人们对她褒贬不一。故选C。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“She chooses to ignore them,though,saying that her personal happiness is all that counts.”（但她选择忽略他们，说她个人的快乐才是最重要的。）可知,她的快乐对她来说最重要。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南商丘·期末） How does social media affect our life today? A lot of people believe that social media is just torture for kids and young adults, which in a way it is. It doesn’t allow them to be 100% themselves and it can cause them to overthink and become more anxious and less confident. Social media has caused people to rethink everything they do online from liking or posting a photo to sharing a post in case someone thinks that what they support or enjoy is meaningless. Do you know that selfies (自拍) are one of the most frequent causes of death of the modern generation? In 2015, it was reported that a 21-year-old girl fell down a mountain just for selfies. There is a lot of such news every day, and that statistic is increasing every day. With this generation, very few of them are speaking to each other directly because of communication on social media like messages. This can cause social anxiety for many people; they slowly lose their skills of how to speak to others face to face. I know it first-hand and it was difficult to tell myself that I needed to cut down on screen time and even harder to listen and do it. At the same time, there are a lot of positives on social media. Social media is a great way to connect with people who live far away, which has really helped people come together and feel less lonely if they live alone. You can express yourself by sharing your favorite songs or posting pictures of your new outfit. It’s much harder to feel embarrassed online than in person, so it’s easier for people to express their feelings on social media. Social media is also great for raising awareness about things like charities. It is a powerful tool for people to share their stories, reaching new audiences around the world. The list of movements is getting longer and longer every day as more and more people use social media to raise awareness and promote the movements. In conclusion, social media has its advantages and disadvantages like everything else does. It’s all about how we use it. 1. What does the underlined word “torture” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Mental suffering. B. Something relaxing. C. Physical damage. D. Something unexpected. 2. Why does the author mention the 21-year-old girl? A. To offer a suggestion. B. To lead in the topic. C. To make a comparison. D. To provide an example. 3. From the text, we learn the author ________. A. once fought with his/ her best friends B. used to be addicted to the Internet C. was injured for taking photos before D. used to participate in charity activities 4. What are paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 mainly about? A. The meaning of charity. B. The importance of writing stories. C. The advantages of social media. D. The necessity of reaching audiences. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体的优缺点。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“It doesn’t allow them to be 100% themselves and it can cause them to overthink and become more anxious and less confident.(它不允许他们做100%的自己，它会导致他们过度思考，变得更加焦虑和缺乏自信)”可知，社交媒体让孩子和年轻人无法做自己，导致他们过度思考，变得更加焦虑和缺乏自信，即对他们产生了精神折磨。故画线词指的是“精神折磨”。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Do you know that selfies (自拍) are one of the most frequent causes of death of the modern generation? In 2015, it was reported that a 21-year-old girl fell down a mountain just for selfies.(你知道自拍是现代人最常见的死亡原因之一吗？据报道，2015年，一名21岁的女孩为了自拍从山上摔了下来)”可知，本段提及21岁的女孩是为了举例说明自拍可能造成的危险。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“I know it first-hand and it was difficult to tell myself that I needed to cut down on screen time and even harder to listen and do it.(我亲身知道很难告诉自己我需要减少看屏幕的时间，更难的是倾听并做到这一点)”可知，作者曾沉迷于网络。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“At the same time, there are a lot of positives on social media.(与此同时，社交媒体上也有很多积极因素)”段和第六段“Social media is also great for raising awareness about things like charities.(社交媒体对于提高人们对慈善事业的认识也很有帮助)”可知，这两段主要介绍了社交媒体的优点。故选C。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南固始·期末） The southwestern United States has experienced drought for more than 20 years. Arizona has increasingly pumped (抽吸) water from underground, but that meets less than half of what the state needs. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of new residents arrive every year, and more communities are built. One report shows that a large area near Phoenix doesn’t have enough groundwater for all the homes that developers want to build there. That means 800,000 people. Some experts say the solution is to import water from outside the state. One idea is to build a $5.5 billion desalination (脱盐) plant on Mexico’s Sea of Cortez. The plant would remove salt from the water and pump that water to Arizona through a 200-mile pipeline. Supporters say this could provide a water supply for decades. Environmentalists see a different future. Some of the salt taken out of the Sea of Cortez might end up back in the ocean, harming wildlife. The pipeline would damage land where people and animals live. And the desalination process uses lots of energy. This would create greenhouse gases, the very gases that are causing the conditions that have led to Arizona’s water problems. Margaret Wilder is a professor at the University of Arizona, in Tucson. She warns that big projects like this one could be used to show much more unsustainable development in the desert in the future. Moreover, desalinating water would likely be a massive expenditure for Arizonans. Cities pay about $50 to $150 for 326,000 gallons. That’s enough for a family of three in Phoenix for a year. Desalinated water could charge 20 times as much. Environmentalists say the government should focus on cutting the demand for water rather than increasing the supply. That would mean taking water-saving measures and limiting how many homes are built. Thousands of households in Tucson, Arizona, are collecting rainwater and using it for cooking, drinking, and in their gardens. Government leaders have taken notice. Tucson also helps residents pay for equipment that collects rainwater for home use. 1. What is the problem faced by the southwestern United States? A. A population increase. B. A serious heatwave. C. A waste of resources. D. A water shortage. 2. What do environmentalists probably think of the desalination project? A. It provides a long-term solution to drought. B. It would harm the planet from various aspects. C. It fails to take people’s basic needs into account. D. It draws people’s attention to environmental destruction. 3. What does the underlined part “a massive expenditure” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Affordable. B. Costly. C. Unsafe. D. Beneficial. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People are unsatisfied with the government’s water measures. B. Collecting rainwater is the key to meeting water demands. C. People are exploring water resources with official support. D. Public concern about water safety has increased. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要关注了美国西南部特别是亚利桑那州的干旱问题以及可能的解决方案，包括从州外进口水（特别是通过脱盐处理）的提议和环保主义者的反对观点。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The southwestern United States has experienced drought for more than 20 years. Arizona has increasingly pumped (抽吸) water from underground, but that meets less than half of what the state needs. (美国西南部已经干旱了20多年。亚利桑那州越来越多地从地下抽取水资源，但这仍无法满足该州一半的需求。)”可知，美国西南部面临水资源短缺问题。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Environmentalists see a different future. Some of the salt taken out of the Sea of Cortez might end up back in the ocean, harming wildlife. The pipeline would damage land where people and animals live. And the desalination process uses lots of energy. This would create greenhouse gases, the very gases that are causing the conditions that have led to Arizona’s water problems. (环保主义者看到了不同的未来。从科尔特斯海中提取的一些盐最终可能会回到海洋中，对野生动植物造成危害。这条管道将破坏人类和动物居住的土地。而且，脱盐过程需要消耗大量能源。这将产生温室气体，正是这些气体导致了导致亚利桑那州水问题的条件。)”可知，环保主义者认为脱盐项目将从多个方面对地球造成危害。故选B。 【3题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“That’s enough for a family of three in Phoenix for a year. Desalinated water could charge 20 times as much. (这些钱足够一个三口之家在凤凰城生活一年。淡化水的价格可能是它的20倍。)”可判断，划线单词的意思和“花销大的、昂贵的”相似。选项A“Affordable (可负担得起)”；选项B“Costly (昂贵的)”；选项C“Unsafe (不安全的)”；选项D“Beneficial (有益的)”。 故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thousands of households in Tucson, Arizona, are collecting rainwater and using it for cooking, drinking, and in their gardens. Government leaders have taken notice. Tucson also helps residents pay for equipment that collects rainwater for home use. (亚利桑那州图森市的数千户家庭正在收集雨水，并用于烹饪、饮用和花园灌溉。政府领导人已经注意到了这一点。图森还帮助居民支付雨水收集系统的费用。)” 可以推断出，在图森市，有官方支持的雨水收集行为正在发生，人们正在探索新的水资源。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·河南新乡·期末） Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups. A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the “reintroduction of species is not a priority”. The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny (详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways. Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue — although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise. A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers. Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change — it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.” “The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,” she said. 1. What does paragraph 2 want to convey? A. The situation of species in the UK is severe. B. Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority. C. Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change. D. The UK government’s response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing. 2. How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity? A. By developing strategy. B. By offering guidance. C. By expanding farming. D. By restoring habitat. 3. What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife? A. It was messy. B. It was limited. C. It was beneficial. D. It was costly. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The advantages of reintroducing wildlife. B. The responses to a government statement. C. The effects of climate change on farming. D. The approaches to increasing biodiversity. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国政府发出一份声明，认为将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急，而是希望通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性，该声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. (最近的一份报告显示，英国有六分之一的物种面临灭绝的危险。今年9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量显著减少。近年来，慈善机构重新引入了动物和植物，作为恢复该国减少的生物多样性的努力的一部分)”可知，本段主要介绍了英国物种多样性的现状，一部分物种面临灭绝的危险，物种数量显著减少，很多机构在努力恢复物种多样性。由此可知，本段想表示英国的物种状况很严峻。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. (政府表示，其重点是通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性)”可知，英国政府的计划是恢复栖息地。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Joan Edwards所说的话“Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change (重新引入野生动物必须成为英国政府应对自然丧失和气候变化的武器之一)”和最后一段中她所说的话“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages (野生河狸的回归可以帮助重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁效应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。河狸还减缓了水流，这可以减少城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”可知，Joan Edwards认为重新引入野生动物可以帮助政府应对自然丧失和气候变化，并说明野生河狸的回归对湿地、其他野生动物和应对洪水的帮助。由此可知。她认为这样做是有好处的。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups. (面对野生动物组织的批评，英国政府周五表示，将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急)”可知，文章围绕最近英国政府发出的一份有关重新引入野生动物的声明展开，这份声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。因此，B项“对一份政府声明的回应”概括了文章的主旨大意。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $