专题03 阅读理解 （说明文）（期末真题分类汇编，河南专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南洛阳·期末） Our university’s Marriott Library cuts back on its energy usage by 1 percent every year with a new automation system. Years after its installation(安装), the project actually started out aiming to provide better protection to the library’s collections. The new change will end up saving the university $270,000 annually. Beginning on the first floor in 2023, the system has expanded to special collections on the fourth floor and to the rest of the building. Special collections hold over 3,000 rare books, maps, moving images, sound archives(档案) and manuscripts (手稿). Delicate pieces like these, some dating as far back as 2,000 years, demand protection from water damage and an unchangeable climate, which is a goal of the new system. Employees are already seeing a difference as they have more control over the thermostat (恒温器), which provides a comfortable environment that is not only for the books. The system can ensure that no cold air makes its way into the building, maintaining a pleasant temperature for everyone inside. As a result, the newest service provides a space to escape the summer heat and the winter cold. “Student success is a central objective of our university,” said Dean of the J. Willard Marriott Library and university librarian, Alberta Comer, on the library website. “Nowadays, more and more students will take library services into account when picking a school, so a good library is an advantage to attract more excellent students. And the Marriott Library is continually striving to ensure that— both with traditional and new services.” This installation, like any change, took a whole team. The efforts of staff in University Planning played a big role. Non-university forces also chipped in to make this change possible. Spectrum Engineers, a company over 3 years old that has been helping the University with a campus-wide public service distribution upgrade, worked on the project. Wasatch Controls, which has 2 years of experience in building automation and security systems, was also up for the job along with ETC Group, another 3-year-old company aiming to improve building performance. 1. What is the purpose of installing the new automation system? A. To cut down expenses on books. B. To protect the students in the library. C. To keep the collections in good condition. D. To offer a comfortable studying environment. 2. What’s implied in Paragraph 2? A. The library is in good condition. B. The new system will be widely used. C. The special collections are at great risk. D. The new system is of great significance. 3. What is important for a university according to Alberta Comer? A. Its service. B. Its reputation. C. Its location. D. Its quality. 4. Why is the installation a success? A. Service was upgraded. B. The staff fought long. C. Many worked together. D. The students made efforts. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南许昌·期末） Picture this: You’re home alone, and it’s nearing dinnertime. You grab a box of cookies from the cupboard, some olives and baby carrots from the fridge. Then you eat right off the kitchen counter with your fingers. All told, the meal takes five minutes, one plate, and no utensils (餐具) . You, my friend, have just made yourself a “girl dinner.” What once may have been a sheepish tradition has recently achieved viral fame on the internet thanks to Olivia Maher, who first coined the phenomenon in a TikTok. The trend has since amassed nearly one billion views. Where users have started sharing their own creations. There are some potential benefits of this kind of meal. For one, slightly smaller portions (份额) before bedtime could be a good thing. “It’s really nutritionally better to eat a larger meal in the middle of the day and a lighter meal at night,” says Kima Cargill, a psychology professor. “A lot of cultures will just eat, like leftovers, or soup and bread or something for dinner, ” she says, “which from a digestion viewpoint, is a better. ” Women often assume caretaking roles in a household, on top of all their other daily life responsibilities. “Girl dinner encourages people to listen to and follow their heart. It can be a celebration of freedom, if only for one meal, from that domestic labor, ” nutritionist Alissa Rumsey says. The trend has also raised eyebrows for what some argue is a support for low-calorie snacks in small, sometimes insubstantial portions. “My biggest concern with this is that many of these ‘girl dinners’ that we see on social media are not enough, which can both promote and normalize disordered eating and under-eating, ” Rumsey says. Her advice: avoid and unfollow any content creators that make you feel shame. Even if a video isn’t directly about weight loss, it’s hard not to see a person’s daily food intake as guidelines on how to look like them. But what works for them may not work for you. 1. What does the term “girl dinner” refer to? A. A low-effort meal. B. A weight-losing diet. C. A time-honored recipe. D. A money-saving snack. 2. What aspect of the girl dinner is appreciated by Kima Cargill? A. It’s rich nutritionally. B. It’s often in small portions. C. Its tendency to be eaten at home. D. Its expression of cultural identity. 3. What does the girl dinner mean to women according to Alissa Rumsey? A. Tiresome housework. B. Effort to meet kids’ wishes. C. An opportunity for socializing. D. A break from daily responsibilities. 4. What does Alissa Rumsey recommend? A. Limiting your time online. B. Avoiding following others’ diets blindly. C. Taking in low-calorie snacks in small portions. D. Reducing the frequency of eating the girl dinner. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州宇华·期末） Drone (无人机) light shows are becoming especially popular in the West. By now, if you live on the U. S. East or West Coasts, you’ve probably been troubled by wildfire smoke. The fires are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change worsens. And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think. That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires. And fire danger is now top of mind for many U. S. cities as the Independence Day, or the American national day, nears. In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 3,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t. And since light shows are required to keep the ground below the show clear, there’s no risk of a drone falling from the sky into the crowd. Drones are also less disturbing, creating only a light buzzing noise. Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough. That’s a nuisance for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise. But perhaps the biggest reason for the switch to drones is that they’re thought to be greener. Besides starting fires, firework smoke leaves behind a trail of harmful chemicals and is considered a pollutant. Drones are also a reusable option, capable of flying potentially hundreds of shows before they even require maintenance. That’s a huge benefit to the environment — and to the companies paying to put on these performances. At the end of the day, though, some cities are likely switching to drones simply because they’re cooler. That’s not to say that fireworks aren’t cool. But drones allow for more creativity, with the ability to synchronize (同步) lights to music and recreate complex images in the sky. Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future. 1. Why are fireworks given up in some towns? A. They are too expensive. B. They bring along fire risks. C. They speed up climate change. D. They are not cool any more. 2. How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By making a comparison. B. By analyzing causes and effects. C. By giving a definition. D. By referring to data from previous studies. 3. What does the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Reward. B. Attraction. C. Instance. D. Annoyance. 4. What will the author probably continue to talk about? A. The potential challenges drones will face. B. The similarities shared by drones and fireworks. C. The importance of drones in promoting economy. D. The strong competition from companies in different industries. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南驻马店·期末） Monica Gross, a 3-year-old comedian in Toronto, noticed something odd happening at house parties last year. People were ducking into bathrooms, hallways and quiet corners to record and listen to voice notes-audio recordings you send like a text. From house-party bathrooms to internet culture, voice notes are having a moment. Like all tech trends, the popularity of voice notes tells us about the connections people thirst for. Voice notes, which the sender speaks out loud, got basic placement in Apple’s texting app Messages in 2023. Since then, they’ve been added to almost every major social media and messaging platform. To send one, you typically press and hold a microphone icon (图标), speak your mind and send it off. Depending on the app, you can review your note first, listen at a faster or slower speed, or go full circle and read an automated transcript (文字记录) of the note. People who rely on voice notes are convinced they solve a problem. For the burned out, they’re a break from looking at screens. For the busy, they offer the convenience of talking without the commitment of a phone call. Unlike calling on the phone, voice notes don’t demand immediate or lasting attention, said Leora Trub, who runs the Digital Media and Psychology Lab at Pace University. That makes voice notes just the right amount of vulnerable (脆弱的) for young adults who, on the whole, have fewer friends than generations past, according to the Survey Center on American Life. “The voice note is this attempt to go back to calling, without actually calling.” Not everyone, however, is longing for a glimpse inside the mind of their loved ones. Annie Ridout, a writer in London, has three kids under 3 years old, and she feels a flash of frustration when friends send voice notes during her working hours. “I’m a busy working mum, and I don’t want people adding to my workload.” she said. That’s a problem with voice notes, said Pace University’s Trub. The recipient might not have time, interest or a pair of headphones. 1. Why is the example of Monica Gross used? A. To state closer connections. B. To prove people’s busyness. C. To explain an internet culture. D. To show the rise of voice notes. 2. What does the underlined words “burned out” mean in Para. 3? A. Motivated. B. Confused. C. Exhausted. D. Energized. 3. What is Para. 4 mainly about? A. The advantages of voice notes. B. The weakness of young adults. C. The need of immediate attention. D. The attempt of lasting calling. 4. Why does Annie Ridout dislike voice notes? A. They are favorites of her kids. B. They are disturbance to her work. C. They are problems of her friends. D. They are the workload of the writer. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南开封·期末） Ever find yourself yawing and reaching for the pillow after only a few chapters of your favorite book? Trust me, I’ve been there too; it appears that reading can indeed tire us out. There are several reasons for this. First of all, reading domains mental effort. Engaging in a cognitive (认知的) activity like roading requires focused mental efforts and intense concentration. As your brain processes unfamiliar words, builds images from the text’s descriptions, and keeps track of multiple characters or concepts, it uses physical energy just like any other part of your body would during physical work. This high level of mental struggle can eventually lead to tiredness over time. Eye strain is also an important factor. Strain occurs when our eyes endure long periods of use without breaks. For instance, following the twisting plot of a mystery novel without pausing can lead to this condition. Eye strain isn’t just about exhaustion though; it brings along symptoms like headaches, blurred vision, twitching eyelids, watery or dry eyes — things that certainly paint a rather awful picture for your otherwise relaxing leisure activity! So next time you wonder’ why does reading make me tired’, know that your exhausted eyes might be signaling for some well-deserved rest! Even more importantly, reading has a calming effect. As a passionate reader, you might’ve noticed the relaxing power of books. When you read a good story, reality fades and your minds find peace in the words on pages. The sensation isn’t by accident; reading has a calming effect that can make us tired. Seeing those shapes we recognize as letters and transforming them into meaningful dialogue or narrative requires mental energy. This effort engages your mind in an immensely focused task which might feel relaxing because it’s distracting from other stressors around us — but don’t be mistaken — it’s like running a spiritual marathon! It explains why reading before bed can improve sleep quality. So next time when tiredness surrounds you while halfway through your favorite characters’ tale, embrace its presence knowing it’s just part of the journey. 1. Why does reading make us tired in terms of mental aspect? A. Because reading makes our minds go blank. B. Because reading forces our brains to work slowly. C. Because our brains use energy to process information. D. Because reading makes our brains think about unrelated things. 2. What are the symptoms of eye strain according to the text? A. Aching throat and cough. B. Stomachache and sickness. C. Back pain and muscle ache. D. Headaches, poor sight, discomfort in eyes. 3. The expression “a spiritual marathon” in the last paragraph refers to ______ . A. a long tiring but rewarding mental journey B. a competition that tests one’s spiritual beliefs C. a simple and effortless way of killing the time D. a physical activity that requires great endurance 4. What is the author’s attitude towards reading making people tired? A. Critical. B. Understanding. C. Indifferent. D. Enthusiastic. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南南阳·期末） At least a quarter of people typically make at least one New Year’s resolution (计划), and a large portion of those good intentions end in disappointment. Rationally speaking, January 1st should be no better than any other day to make a life change - so why put the needless pressure on ourselves to “upgrade” our lives at the opening of a new calendar? Recent psychological research, however, suggests that there are many good reasons to begin a new life on the first day of a new year. Psychologists have found that, rather than seeing our life as a continuum, we tend to craft a narrative, divided into separate “chapters” that mark the different stages of our life. People tend to think about life as if they’re characters in a book. “Any time you have a moment that feels like a division of time, your mind does a special thing where it creates a sense that you have a fresh start,” says Katy Milkman, a psychology professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “You’ re turning the page, you have a clean start and it’s a new beginning.” It worked a treat. The students who had been encouraged to think of a “fresh start” were more likely to start a new gym habit, improve their sleep hygiene or spend less time on social media, compared to those who had not been primed to see the date as a significant division in the timeline. The New Year is an especially compelling starting point. “It is a big chapter break for most people,” says Milkman. The way you frame your resolutions could make an important difference. We can often turn an avoidance goal into an approach goal to maximize our chances of success. Supposing you want to lose weight. “Instead of saying that I want to stop eating a candy bar every day, I might instead say that I want to start eating carrots each afternoon,” an expert says. Any journey worth pursuing will include a few bumps along the way - but you can greatly increase your likelihood of reaching your goals through many ways. 1. What is the common problem with New Year’s resolutions according to the text? A. People make too many resolutions. B. Many resolutions are a great burden. C. Many resolutions end up being unfulfilled. D. People make resolutions only on January 1st. 2. How can you set your goal if you want to keep fit according to the passage? A. By beginning jogging. B. By giving up smoking. C. By increasing screen time. D. By avoiding staying up late. 3. What will be talked about in the next part of the passage? A. The ways to increase chances of success. B. The approaches to achieving aims. C. The means of framing resolutions. D. The methods for avoiding bumps. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. New Year’s Resolutions, a Sure Path to Success B. New Year’s Resolutions, a Key Timeline Division C. New Year’s Resolutions, a Page-turning Fresh Start D. New Year’s Resolutions, a Worthless Try to Improve Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南固始·期末） The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic（怀旧的）skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life. Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand. Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2002, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said. "In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks," she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer." 1. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past? A. The absence of blackboard in classrooms. B. The use of new technologies in teaching. C. The lack of practice in handwriting. D. The popular use of smartphones. 2. Berninger's study published in 2002 ________. A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer. B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper. C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences. D. discussed the importance of writing speed. 3. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling? A. Spelling is unrelated to writing skills. B. Spelling plays a vital part in writing. C. Spelling has negative effect on writing. D. Spelling slows down us to express ideas. 4. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage? A. Computers can take place of handwriting. B. Handwriting functions only in the past. C. Basic handwriting skills are still needed. D. Handwriting is useless nowadays. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南兰考·期末） When you eagerly dig into a long-anticipated dinner, signals from your stomach to your brain keep you from eating so much that you’ll regret it—or so it’s been thought. That theory had never really been directly tested until a team of scientists at University of California, San Francisco recently took up the question. The team, led by Zachary Knight, a professor of UCSF physiology discovered that our tastebuds (味蕾) are the first line of defense against eating too fast. The study, published in the journal Nature, provides scientists with a novel perspective on how we control our appetite and could make clear the efficacy of weight-loss drugs like Ozempic. Truong Ly, PhD, a graduate student in Knight’s lab, developed new techniques allowing for the imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full in an awake, active mouse. The team found that when they put food directly into the mouse’s stomach, brain cells called PRLH which influences appetite were activated by nutrient signals sent from the stomach, in line with traditional thinking and the results of prior studies. However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the stomach didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. “It was a total surprise that these cells were provoked by sense of taste,” said Ly. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that we should be thinking about.” The research indicates that when we’re hungry, our brain uses taste in two different ways at the same time—one telling us to eat more because it tastes good, and another part is watching how fast you’re eating and saying, “Slow down or you’re going to be sick.” The research indicates that our brain integrates taste, rather than only relying on stomach signaling, to control eating behavior. The team plans to investigate how taste signals interact with feedback from the stomach to suppress (抑制) our appetite during a meal. 1. What does the study conducted by UCSF find? A. Ozempic is effective in weight loss. B. Stomachs have effects on our appetite. C. Sense of taste can affect the speed of eating. D. The expectation for dinner influences food intake. 2. What can we learn about PRLH brain cells in paragraph 3? A. They are crucial to providing nutrients. B. Their activities can also be ruled by taste signals. C. Their functions are determined by regular meals. D. They can be improved by signals from stomach and taste. 3. What does the underlined word “provoke” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Stimulate. B. Damage. C. Manage. D. Restrict. 4. What will the following research be about? A. Stomach feedback for appetite. B. Interaction of taste and stomach. C. The functions of taste signals. D. Development of weight-loss drugs. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南豫东名校·期末） Elephants are splendid creatures and tourists often go to African countries to see them. Due to conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, the number of elephants went from around 6,000 to almost 4,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also expanded. This has led to conflicts that often result in elephant deaths. Now an innovative solution — using honeybees — has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The humming (嗡嗡声) of the African honeybees scares off elephants. Now yellow beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local farm lands, including one owned by Kenyan farmer Charity Mwangome. “We used to hate elephants a lot,” she said. But she believed that the beehive fences could rescue her from continuous crop loss. A nine-year study published in the October issue of the journal Conservation Science and Practice found that beehive fences scared away elephants 16.3 percent of the time. The study monitored 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park. During the peak growing seasons, 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were stopped. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75 percent, elephants were still scared off 76 percent of the time. Save the Elephants is now building beehive fences in 4 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides stopping elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to add to their income. Mwanajuma Kibula, who has a farm in Kenya that is protected by beehives, harvests honey twice a year from her hives. She makes 450 shillings per jar. This is enough for her to pay for her children’s education. 1. What do the data in paragraph 1 indicate? A. The success of elephant protection. B. The large number of beehive fences. C. The growth of the Indian population. D. The survival crisis facing elephants. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 3? A. Elephants have destroyed crops. B. Elephants are likely to hurt farmers. C. Charity Mwangome likes elephants. D. Beehive fences should be torn down. 3. Why is Mwanajuma Kibula mentioned? A. To stress the importance of elephants. B. To show an additional benefit of beehives. C. To praise farmers in African countries. D. To recommend new farming methods. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Long History of Elephants in Africa B. Bees Are Essential to People and the Planet C. An Organization Aiming to Secure Elephants D. Bees Help Keep Elephants Away From Kenyan Farms Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南焦作·期末） When it comes to keeping off extra pounds, watching what we eat may not be enough—we have to keep an eye on our food’s packaging, too. Half the world is expected to be overweight by 204. In addition to overeating and lack of exercise, the scientific community is exploring another factor that may contribute—eating products packaged in plastic. For a study published last year, researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology set out to determine what chemical compounds (化合物) exist in 3 common plastic items that touch things we eat, such as yogurt cups, juice bottles, candy packages, and plastic wrap used for produce and cheese, as well as items often found in kitchen. Of the 55,000 chemicals the researchers found in these items, only 62 were identifiable, which influence our bodies’ ability to regulate weight, troubling health effects. “We’re quite certain that there are many chemicals in plastic products that impact metabolism (新陈代谢), but we just couldn’t identify all of them,” Martin Wagner, a study co-author said. Strikingly, Wagner and his colleagues found that a third of all the common products they tested contain chemicals that cause the adipogenic (生脂的) process. Although we are exposed to them daily, most of these mystery chemicals are unknown, unstudied and unregulated. For years, experts have been warning against plastic food containers, particularly for hot or oily foods which may make the plastics unstable and increase the risk of chemical leaching (渗出). As one of them, Wagner argues that we need to start reducing our exposure to plastic without waiting for more slow-moving research to prove that the plastics in our food, products, blood and organs are risk factors for bad health outcomes. Really, reducing our plastic exposure should be our overall goal. When we think about cutting junk out of our diets, the criminals shouldn’t just be candy and soda—plastic needs to go, too. 1. What newly-found factor may cause overweight? A. Eating too much. B. Lack of exercise. C. Unhealthy eating habits. D. Food’s plastic packaging. 2. What is the finding of the study published last year? A. Most products tested contain adipogenic chemicals. B. Metabolism is affected by chemicals in plastic products. C. The influence of plastic products on our health is unknown. D. Only 62 chemicals in plastic products regulate people ‘s weight. 3. What does Wagner suggest we do? A. Stop eating foods packaged in plastic. B. Avoid using plastic products for hot or oily foods. C. Reduce our exposure to plastic as much as possible. D. Wait for more research to prove the risks of plastics. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Keeping off extra pounds is urgent. B. It’s high time to stop using plastic packaging. C. Chemicals in plastic packaging may lead to overweight. D. Plastic food packaging proves to contain harmful chemicals. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南南阳·期末） New research indicates that 63 bird species have died out over the past 2,000 years. For instance, the Kaua'i ‘ō’ō, a Hawaiian songbird, was declared extinct last year. The study, led by Tom Matthews from the University of Birmingham and published in Science, emphasizes an “ongoing biodiversity crisis” that demands immediate attention. Birds play crucial roles in ecosystems, which include spreading seeds, eating insects, or reusing dead material. Vultures, for example, eat the flesh of dead animals. Matthews said a good example of the importance of birds is “on the islands of Mauritius and Hawaii, where all or almost all the native birds that eat fruit have gone extinct. "The extinction of fruit-eating birds in Mauritius and Hawaii has led to a decline in seed dispersal, threatening many tree species. Most documented extinctions have occurred on islands. Loss of habitat has a significant impact due to limited space. Flightless island birds(meaning they cannot fly away to escape natural enemies), like the large “elephant birds” of Madagascar and the moa birds of New Zealand, were particularly vulnerable to predators(掠食者) and human hunting, leading to their disappearance after human arrival. Human hunting was a major cause in the past and remains a problem in some areas, especially the songbird trade in Southeast Asia. Diseases like avian malaria introduced by humans have also caused extinctions, and the impact of climate change on birds is still largely unknown. The study warns that the actual number of extinct species could be underestimated. This is because of a lack of data from some areas and the fact that some lost species may not have left behind bones or other evidence. With only 4,000 bird species remaining, researchers prognosticate over 1,000 more could go extinct in the next two centuries. These losses would not only be a moral and ethical concern but also disrupt the environment's functionality. Human activities continue to pose significant threats to bird populations. Climate change's impact on birds remains largely unknown, adding to the urgency of conservation efforts. 1. Which of the following contributes to the extinction of birds on islands? A. The introduction of new species. B. The increase in predators. C. The lack of food resources. D. The loss of habitat. 2. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Realize. B. Estimate. C. Admit. D. Suspect. 3. What is the author's attitude towards the current situation of bird extinction? A. Optimistic B. Indifferent C. Concerned D. Doubtful 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To inform and advertise. B. To present and analyze. C. To amuse and entertain. D. To compare and argue. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南三门峡·期末） On the glittering Red Sea coast, there’s a luxury tourist destination that has it all: white sands, perfect accommodation, world-class yachting and — perhaps surprisingly — a cutting-edge laboratory that’s protecting coral reefs from climate change. AMAALA is a new kind of sustainable destination. Run with 30% renewable energy, it is one of two carbon neutral luxury destinations that Red Sea Global (RSG) operates, which are test beds for sustainable development and hubs for new technology and ecological research. Its most ambitious project is to protect and regenerate corals, which are under extreme pressure from warming temperatures, in the Red Sea and beyond. ‌“Corals cover less than 1% of the Earth’s surface but they sustain 25% of all marine life,” says John Pagano, Group CEO of RSG. ‌“To protect and enhance the coral reefs under our guardianship we are using advanced technologies, such as remote operated vehicles and machine learning, to monitor coral cover. These innovations can produce 3D images and automatically analyze them, enabling our scientists to quickly identify and respond to threats like coral bleaching and invasive species.” RSG’s scientists are also developing an onshore nursery, where corals are developed in controlled conditions. The idea is to boost the natural coral reefs when needed, says a marine conservationist on the team. Soon, RSG will also begin testing 3D-printed materials to create artificial substrates for relocating coral colonies or growing new ones. Essentially, it means creating new reefs to support marine life. And the cool thing is that everyone’s invited. RSG’s vision is for tourism, conservation and research to co-exist and sustain each other at its destinations. The marine life institute, built at AMAALA, will include visitor experiences alongside its laboratories and rehabilitation centers. Tourists will be encouraged to participate, play and learn. ‌“We believe that academic research and tourism can work together, for people and planet alike,” says Pagano. Dr Jess Bouwmeester, an associate director of RSG, is looking forward to seeing visitors. ‌“We want to get them involved,” she says. ‌“As soon as people start learning about corals they tend to be a lot more protective of them. In terms of environmental awareness, getting the tourism sector involved is extremely important.” 1. What do we know about AMAALA and RSG? A. They are both luxury tourist destinations. B. They are both test beds for sustainable development. C. RSG cooperates with AMAALA to protect corals. D. RSG runs AMAALA as its multifunctional destination. 2. According to John Pagano, why is it an ambitious project to protect corals? A. Corals should be under the guardianship of RSG. B. Corals play a critical role in supporting certain sea life. C. Corals cover less than 1% of the Eeath’s surface but sustain 25% of ecological life. D. Corals are under extreme pressure because of warming temperatures. 3. What are RSG’s scientists doing to protect the corals? A. Using cutting-edge technologies to keep track of corals. B. Analyzing the 3D images to respond to potential threats. C. Testing 3D-printed materials to help create new coral reefs. D. Developing an offshore nursery to boost natural coral reefs. 4. What is Dr Jess Bouwmeester’s attitude towards tourism in the marine life institute? A. Concerned. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Favourable. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州宇华·期末） It’s not easy being a customer service agent — particularly when those customers are so angry with a product that they want to yell at you down the phone. That’s why the Sonos, a maker of home-audio systems, hired Sierra, an AI start-up, to provide it with a customer service program powered by generative artificial intelligence (AI). In recent years, the customer service industry has become famed for driving customers mad with its use of technology. Because it is expensive for firms to use humans to solve their customers’ problems, they make the process as inefficient as possible by forcing you to press an extremely confusing combination of numbers or chat with a bot that recites prepackaged responses. Now entrepreneurs are betting that generative AI can make it all less awful. Unlike the former, generative-AI bots (程序) do not echo routine responses to narrow questions. Instead, they create their own responses informed by the firms’ training materials and previous customer-service interactions. That raises two tricky questions. Advocates for the technology say that customers will no longer have to wait endlessly and point out that programs will be fluent in many languages and have easier-to-understand accents than foreign call-center agents. Customers, though, are yet to be convinced: 64% of those surveyed by Gartner said they would prefer it if companies didn’t use AI for customer service, mostly because they worry it will make it even more difficult to reach a human. What is more, generative-AI bots have a tendency to project complete confidence in their responses even when they are wrong, which could cause chaos. Earlier this year Air Canada was forced to repay a customer who was incorrectly promised a discount by the airline’s AI chatbot. A second question is what all this means for the call-centre agents. It is predicted that generative AI would lead to a 20% — 3% reduction in customer-service jobs by 2026. For now, Mr Goeller says Clearsource is focused on using generative AI to help train its human agents. But he adds, “I would be putting my head in the sand if I said AI wouldn’t replace people. 1. How does generative AI differ from traditional customer service, according to the passage? A. It is curious and multilingual. B. It is intelligent and interactive. C. It is polite and communicative. D. It is cost- effective and welcoming. 2. Why do most customers favor service agents instead of generative AI? A. They find it challenging to deal with. B. They still value human-to-human contact. C. They believe it will not fully deliver its promise. D. They worry about falling victim to its efficiency. 3. What can be inferred from the passage about generative AI in customer service? A. It struggles to bridge the language gap. B. It becomes the major concern for service agents. C. It is only problematic in highly-regulated industry. D. It completely removes human agents from service. 4. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To present the analysis of capabilities of AI. B. To argue the AI’s replacement of service agents. C. To explore the impact of AI on customer service. D. To promote the dominance of AI in customer service. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州·期末） Education experts at the University of South Australia remind teachers that high engagement leads to high returns when it comes to improving student performance. Filming and assessing the content of classrooms across South Australia and Victoria, researchers found in a new study that nearly 70% of student tasks involved superficial learning — simple questions and answers, taking notes, or listening to teachers — rather than activities that engage students on a deeper level. Less than a third of teachers are engaging students in complex learning, limiting student opportunities for critical thinking and problem solving. Dr. Stephenson, a researcher at UniSA, emphasizes that teachers need more support in designing interactive and meaningful lessons that promote deep learning. “The greater the engagement, the deeper the learning. Deep learning helps organize knowledge into conceptual frameworks, enhancing memory and learning outcomes. It also develops innovative thinking. Even small adjustments to lesson plans and teaching techniques can significantly boost student engagement and overall performance,” he explains. At a base level, teachers should consider how they can adjust their existing classroom activities so that more tasks are on the deeper end of learning. For instance, watching a video can be done in various ways: students can watch it passively, take notes using the speaker’s words (active engagement), write questions based on the video’s content (constructive engagement), or watch and discuss the video in a group to generate new ideas (interactive engagement). “Interactive learning motivates students to engage more deeply by making judgments, discussing ideas, and cooperating on solutions,” Dr. Stephenson says. Interestingly, many teachers seem not to know or fully appreciate the importance of how their lesson tasks can stimulate (激发) different modes of student engagement. “Even changing class activities from ‘active’ to ‘constructive’ can go a long way towards improving student leaning,” Dr. Stephenson says. “Teachers should undertake professional development to transform their thinking towards practices that support deeper-learning and better outcomes for students.” 1. What does the underlined word “superficial” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. Interactive. B. Devoted. C. Shallow. D. Accurate. 2. What do education experts advise teachers to do? A. Frequently assess student outcomes. B. Involve students in active learning. C. Increase the use of videos in class. D. Promote students’ planning skills. 3. What can be learned about current class activities? A. They prevent students from distraction. B. They help develop students’ team spirit. C. They make for students’ deep thinking. D. They are in urgent need of transformation. 4. Which activity can improve student performance best? A. Viewing videos. B. Class debates. C. Reading competitions. D. Retelling exercises. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州·期末） Lab-grown chicken is finally making its way onto menus in the United States. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has recently given permission for selling cultured (培养的) meat produced by GOOD Meat and UPSIDE Foods, marking a significant breakthrough for the cultured meat industry. These companies are able to grow small amounts of chicken cells into meat without the need for traditional slaughter (屠宰). However, it’s important to note that this permission is currently limited to chicken products. Both companies still require additional permission to market cell-cultured beef, pork or seafood. Concerns have been growing among Americans about traditional meat production, which contributes to about 3.5% of global carbon emissions and can encourage antibiotic-resistant (耐抗生素的) bacteria growth. Additionally, it pollutes waterways with animal waste. And the animals themselves often live relatively short lives in cages. “The current methods of traditional meat production are at the root of many environmental issues,” says GOOD Meat CEO Josh Tetrick. Despite these concerns, meat remains a significant part of many people’s diets due to cultural, traditional and nutritional reasons. Cultured meat companies position themselves as producing sustainable and proper meat, aiming to provide meat lovers with a guilt-free choice that satisfies their desire for tasty food. The production process for lab-grown meat is relatively straightforward, with the main challenge lying in building sufficient production facilities. Both companies, now armed with USDA and FDA permission, can focus on expanding to produce enough cell-cultured meat to meet the demand. At the beginning, lab-grown chicken will only be available at select restaurants, including Bar Crenn in San Francisco and a restaurant owned by chef José Andrés in Washington. 1. What can be known about lab-grown chicken? A. It is grown from chicken cells. B. It grows from artificial materials. C. It is cheap to produce and process. D. It tastes better than regular chicken. 2. What is the problem with traditional meat production? A. Animals live in crowded cages. B. Consumer demand can’t be met. C. The procedure is not eco-friendly. D. It is considered outdated by factories. 3. What are cultured meat companies going to do? A. Improve the meat taste. B. Gain government approval. C. Cooperate with restaurants. D. Increase their productivity. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Cultured meat permitted for sale in the US. B. A breakthrough in cultured meat technology. C. The impact of cultured meat on eating habits. D. Environmental issues caused by meat production. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南新乡·期末） The first thing most of us do when working with people from a new culture is to learn about differences. And there are very sensible reasons to do so. It helps you avoid cultural misunderstandings. But focusing on differences alone can have its downsides. For one thing, there’s a likely chance you’ll be wrong. Focusing on differences can also be quite mentally taxing. So, if you don’t focus on differences, what then can you do to be more effective across cultures? In our experience, an equally reasonable and highly effective alternative technique is to focus on similarities. And this change in perspective can have some pretty powerful effects. If you think about it, this is probably exactly how you establish connections and relationships in your own culture. You don’t approach a person thinking about all the potential ways you could be different; instead, you naturally gravitate to similarities, finding things you might have in common to form the basis of a relationship. Although we tend to approach cross-cultural interactions quite differently, the same technique actually works just as well across cultures. When focused on similarities, you’re open to — and, in fact, looking for — a potential connection. Perhaps it’s a hobby you share in common with a coworker, or maybe both of you at a business meeting abroad have families you’re trying to connect with. By focusing on similarities you have the power to create connections and build relationships that either eliminate cultural differences or make them irrelevant. Another advantage of this approach is that your coworkers are more likely to feel that you see them as an individual. On the other hand, focusing on similarities means you are suited to the particularities of the specific person you are interacting with. This is more likely to result in the other party feeling seen and heard for who they are, and can kick off a positive lift of mutual (相互的) openness and trust. 1. Why do people focus on differences in a multicultural company? A. To emphasize their own culture. B. To reduce unnecessary troubles. C. To take advantage of other culture. D. To make the workplace multicultural. 2. What’s the significance of focusing on similarities in a multicultural company? A. The origin of the hobbies. B. The start of work efficiency. C. The foundation of connections. D. The improvement of your family. 3. What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Maintain. B. Strengthen. C. Remove. D. Worsen. 4. Which is the advantage of focusing on similarities in the last paragraph? A. Making others feel valued. B. Making yourself centred. C. Indicating your interest. D. Making others adapt to your culture. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南兰考·期末） Over the last decade, some European countries and the U. S. have replaced high-energy sodium streetlights with energy-saving LED lights which emit blue light. Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission, there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand. Earlier this year, the World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a paper that warned of the potential effects of LED lighting on mental illnesses. It raised concerns about the influence of blue light on sleep, use of digital healthcare apps and devices, and the higher sensitivity to blue light. “I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression. What I was slower to realize was that too much and poorly-timed exposure could have harmful effects on mental states and the sleep-wake cycle.” said John Gottlieb, Professor of Psychiatry and author of the paper. As we all know, melatonin (褪黑素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock. According to the paper, however, blue light prevents melatonin secretion (分泌), which disturbs sleep and affects quality of life, physical and mental health. Besides, it also shows a clear and consistent relationship between sleep disorders and frequency of digital device usage. If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app, and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes, for example, and they do this before bed, it could do harm to their sleep and health. Consequently, the National Sleep Foundation guidelines suggest not using technology 3 minutes before bed and removing technology from the bedroom. However, there are no specific guidelines for people with a potential mental illness. Now, scientists, health professionals and the LED industry are working to minimize the blue light in LED bulbs and create personalized lights that won’t harm those suffering from mental disorders. 1. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1? A. To present the topic of blue light. B. To give an example of streetlights. C. To criticize the use of blue light. D. To compare two kinds of lights. 2. Which statement is true according to Gottlieb’s paper? A. People should keep away from digital devices. B. Mental diseases are possibly caused by LED lights. C. Blue light has practical applications in medical field. D. Gottlieb initially realized the harmful effects of blue light. 3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Melatonin is vital to regular sleep. B. How blue light affects human health. C. Why smartphones shouldn’t be used before sleep. D. Sleep disorders are related to digital device usage. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Is blue light making us ill? B. Can we get rid of blue light? C. Why does blue light hurt our health? D. How do we benefit from LED lights? Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南驻马店·期末） Gout (痛风) is often associated with drinking too much or not eating healthily enough, but new research suggests genetics play more of a factor in developing the arthritic (患关节炎的) condition than previously thought. The research, carried out by an international team of scientists, looked at genetic data collected from 2.6 million people across 2 different groups of DNA data. That number included 10,25 people with “prevalent gout”. By comparing the genetic codes of the people with gout against the people without, the team found 377 specific DNA regions where there were variations specific to having the condition —32 of which hadn’t been previously linked to gout. While lifestyle and environmental factors are certainly still in play, the findings suggest genetics play a major role in determining whether or not someone gets gout — and the researchers think there may be more undiscovered genetic links still to be found, too. “Gout is a disease with a genetic basis and is not the fault of the sufferer — the myth that gout is caused by lifestyle or diet needs to be broken,” says epidemiologist Tony Merriman, from the University of Otago in New Zealand. Gout can come and go, but there are treatments available — and the authors behind the new study think misconceptions can put people off getting those treatments. That’s a real problem with cases of the condition rising and rising. “This widespread myth causes shame in people with gout, making some people more likely to suffer in silence and not go and see the doctor to get a preventive drug that lowers urate (尿酸) in the blood and will prevent their pain.” says Merriman. There are some limitations to the study: the majority of the data was from people of Europeans, and some records relied on the self-reporting of gout rather than the data from hospital. Nevertheless, it gives us a much better sense of a health problem that’s been making people suffering for centuries. “We hope that, in time, better and more accessible treatments will become available with the new targets we identified.” says Merriman. 1. What is the new finding of the research on gout? A. It is caused by diet. B. It is just a myth. C. Genetics play a major role. D. Lifestyle causes it. 2. Why are people with gout unwilling to see the doctor according to Merriman? A. False belief in the cause of gout. B. Lack of confidence in themselves. C. Preference for preventive drugs. D. Doubt of effectiveness of treatments. 3. Which is the limitation of the study? A. Insufficient funds. B. Unscientific data. C. Ineffective methods. D. Undesirable conditions. 4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to the research? A. Doubtful. B. Tolerant. C. Indifferent. D. Objective. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南新乡·期末） Have you ever wondered what chickens are talking about? Chickens are quite the communicators — their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system. These sounds are their way of interacting with the world and expressing joy, fear, and social connection to one another. Like humans, the “language” of chickens varies with age, environment, and surprisingly, domestication (驯化), giving us insights into their social structures and behaviours. Understanding these sounds can transform our approach to poultry (家禽) farming, enhancing chicken welfare and quality of life. Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens. It’s a project that is set to revolutionize our understanding of these feathered creatures and their communication methods, offering a window into their world that was previously closed to us. The use of AI and machine learning is like having a universal translator for chicken speech. AI can analyze vast amounts of audio data. Our algorithms (算法) are learning to recognize patterns and tiny differences in chicken sounds. This isn’t a simple task — chickens have a range of sounds that vary in pitch, tone, and context. But by using advanced data analysis techniques, we’re beginning to crack their code. This breakthrough in animal communication is not just a scientific achievement; it’s a step towards more humane and empathetic treatment of farm animals. One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed? Are they content? By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment. This project isn’t just about academic curiosity; it has real-world implications. We’re not only unlocking the secrets of avian (鸟类的) communication but also setting new standards for animal welfare. 1. What can be learned about chickens? A. They are communicative. B. They behave randomly. C. They lack emotions. D. They talk oddly. 2. What benefit will chickens get from the project? A. Better food quality. B. Faster growth rates. C. Better care. D. Enhanced social skills. 3. What is a highlight of the research? A. Revealing chickens’ behaviours. B. Understanding chickens’ emotions. C. Analyzing chickens’ living environment. D. Discovering advanced feeding methods. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Enhancing animal health with AI. B. The secret of chickens’ life. C. Unlocking chickens’ language with AI. D. The future of poultry farming. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南焦作·期末） Humans and horses have enjoyed strong working relationships for nearly 3,000 years. Can these age-old relationships teach us something about building robots? Researchers at the University of Florida carried out research and said yes. “As we work to improve how humans communicate with robots, I thought why not learn from our partnership with horses to help solve the problem of natural interaction between humans and robots?” said Eakta Jain, an associate professor of computer and information science and engineering. Looking at our history with animals to help shape our future with robots is nothing new. But Jain and her colleagues are the first to do on-the-ground field studies with horses. Jain first reached out to Joel McQuagge, who managed the UF Horse Teaching Unit. He provided Jain with full access, so Jain spent months observing classes. She interviewed and observed horse experts, including horse trainers and owners. Jain’s notes resulted in findings and design ideas that can be applied by robot designers. “Some of the findings are easy to visualize, while others are not very specific,” Jain said. “For example, we learned that a horse speaks with its body. You can see its ears pointing to where something caught its attention. We could build similar types of expressions without speech in our robots, like ears that point to something visual in the car when there’s a person walking on that side of the street.” A groundbreaking finding is the sense of respect. When a trainer works with a horse, he looks for signs of respect from the horse for its human partner. “We don’t typically think about respect in the situation of human-robot interaction,” Jain says. “We can design behaviors similar to what the horse uses. Maybe that will make humans more willing to work with the robot.” 1. What is Jain’s basic idea for the research? A. Robots can have an influence on horse training. B. Humans can communicate with horses better. C. Robots may bring more changes to humans. D. Human-horse relationships may help improve robots. 2. How did Jain carry out her research? A. She interviewed engineers and robot designers. B. She worked with horse experts for observations. C. She discussed her design with robot and horse experts. D. She checked historical records of human-horse partnerships. 3. What lesson can robot designers draw from Jain’s findings? A. Body language can be designed into robots. B. Robots may better understand non-speech instructions. C. Humans should learn to show respect for robots. D. Robots can perform better than horses in locating things. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. How Can We Get on Well with Robots? B. Could Robots Replace Horses in the Future? C. Robots Make Efforts to Learn from Horses D. Learn from Horses, Build Better Robots Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南开封·期末） The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has brought the remarkable capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) into the spotlight, particularly in the field of protein structure prediction. This year’s award celebrated the development of AlphaFold, an AI tool created by DeepMind, which has transformed our ability to understand proteins — the fundamental building blocks of life. Proteins, composed of chains of amino acids (氨基酸), are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs in the human body. Traditionally, determining a protein’s 3D structure was a time-consuming process that could take years of meticulous work. However, AlphaFold has revolutionized this field by predicting protein structures from their amino acid sequences in mere minutes. AlphaFold’s success lies in its use of deep learning algorithms (算法) that can identify patterns in vast amounts of data. It has been trained on extensive databases of known protein structures and amino acid sequences, allowing it to predict over 200 million protein structures. This includes nearly all cataloged proteins known to science, from humans to plants, bacteria, animals, and other organisms. The impact of AlphaFold is not just limited to theoretical science; it has practical applications in drug and vaccine development. For example, AlphaFold played a crucial role in advancing research for a malaria vaccine. By accurately predicting the structure of a key protein, AlphaFold enabled scientists to identify which parts of the protein to target in the vaccine, thus accelerating the research from fundamental science to preclinical and clinical development stages. Moreover, AlphaFold’s open-source nature allows academic scientists to predict protein interactions, which is crucial for understanding how proteins behave in the presence of potential drugs. This advancement not only accelerates biomedical research but also has the potential to improve our understanding of antibiotic resistance and contribute to the development of enzymes that can decompose plastic, addressing environmental concerns. With AlphaFold demonstrating how AI can supercharge existing knowledge to benefit mankind, the possibilities of AI in scientific research are vast and hold the promise of further breakthroughs that could change the world. 1. Why was AlphaFold celebrated by the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry? A. It quickly predicts protein structures. B. It simplifies amino acid analysis. C. It invents new protein functions. D. It reduces lab work for proteins. 2. How does AlphaFold achieve its success in predicting protein structures? A. By using traditional methods. B. By relying on a small database. C. By employing deep learning algorithms. D. By identifying patterns of proteins. 3. What practical application of AlphaFold is mentioned in the passage? A. Developing drugs to cure malaria. B. Speeding up the development of a malaria vaccine. C. Enhancing antibiotic resistance in plants. D. Predicting the structure of plastic-decomposing enzymes. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Rise of AI in Biological Science B. AlphaFold: Unlocking the Secrets of Proteins C. The Nobel Prize and the Future of AI in Science D. The Evolution of Protein Structure Research Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南新蔡·期末） An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes. Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 30 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets. 1. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry? A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers. C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability. 2. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do? A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle. C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes. 3. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle? A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better. C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life. 4. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey? A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor. C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南洛阳·期末） Our university’s Marriott Library cuts back on its energy usage by 1 percent every year with a new automation system. Years after its installation(安装), the project actually started out aiming to provide better protection to the library’s collections. The new change will end up saving the university $270,000 annually. Beginning on the first floor in 2023, the system has expanded to special collections on the fourth floor and to the rest of the building. Special collections hold over 3,000 rare books, maps, moving images, sound archives(档案) and manuscripts (手稿). Delicate pieces like these, some dating as far back as 2,000 years, demand protection from water damage and an unchangeable climate, which is a goal of the new system. Employees are already seeing a difference as they have more control over the thermostat (恒温器), which provides a comfortable environment that is not only for the books. The system can ensure that no cold air makes its way into the building, maintaining a pleasant temperature for everyone inside. As a result, the newest service provides a space to escape the summer heat and the winter cold. “Student success is a central objective of our university,” said Dean of the J. Willard Marriott Library and university librarian, Alberta Comer, on the library website. “Nowadays, more and more students will take library services into account when picking a school, so a good library is an advantage to attract more excellent students. And the Marriott Library is continually striving to ensure that— both with traditional and new services.” This installation, like any change, took a whole team. The efforts of staff in University Planning played a big role. Non-university forces also chipped in to make this change possible. Spectrum Engineers, a company over 3 years old that has been helping the University with a campus-wide public service distribution upgrade, worked on the project. Wasatch Controls, which has 2 years of experience in building automation and security systems, was also up for the job along with ETC Group, another 3-year-old company aiming to improve building performance. 1. What is the purpose of installing the new automation system? A. To cut down expenses on books. B. To protect the students in the library. C. To keep the collections in good condition. D. To offer a comfortable studying environment. 2. What’s implied in Paragraph 2? A. The library is in good condition. B. The new system will be widely used. C. The special collections are at great risk. D. The new system is of great significance. 3. What is important for a university according to Alberta Comer? A. Its service. B. Its reputation. C. Its location. D. Its quality. 4. Why is the installation a success? A. Service was upgraded. B. The staff fought long. C. Many worked together. D. The students made efforts. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了马里奥特图书馆通过安装新的自动化系统，成功降低了能源消耗，保护了珍贵的馆藏资料，同时为师生提供了更加舒适的环境。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Years after its installation(安装), the project actually started out aiming to provide better protection to the library’s collections.(在它安装多年之后，这个项目的初衷实际上是为了更好地保护图书馆的藏品。)”可知，安装新自动化系统的初衷是为了更好地保护图书馆的藏书。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Beginning on the first floor in 2023, the system has expanded to special collections on the fourth floor and to the rest of the building.(从2023年的一楼开始，该系统已经扩展到四楼和建筑的其他地方的特殊收藏。)”以及“Delicate pieces like these, some dating as far back as 2,000 years, demand protection from water damage and an unchangeable climate, which is a goal of the new system.(像这样的精致作品，有些可以追溯到2000年前，需要保护免受水的破坏和不可改变的气候，这是新系统的目标。)”讲述了自动化系统从2023年开始在一楼实施，后扩展到四楼特藏区及全馆，以及特藏区中珍贵藏品需要得到保护的情况。由此可以推断出新系统对于保护这些珍贵藏品具有重要意义。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段Alberta Comer所说的话“Nowadays, more and more students will take library services into account when picking a school, so a good library is an advantage to attract more excellent students.(如今，越来越多的学生在选择学校时会考虑图书馆的服务，所以一个好的图书馆是吸引更多优秀学生的优势。)”可知，Alberta Comer认为图书馆服务对于吸引学生很重要。故选A。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“This installation, like any change, took a whole team. The efforts of staff in University Planning played a big role. Non-university forces also chipped in to make this change possible.(这个安装，像任何改变一样，需要整个团队的努力。大学规划工作人员的努力起到了很大的作用。大学以外的力量也参与进来，使这一变化成为可能。)”可知，安装工作的成功得益于很多人的共同合作，因此选项C“Many worked together.(很多人一起工作)”符合题意。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南许昌·期末） Picture this: You’re home alone, and it’s nearing dinnertime. You grab a box of cookies from the cupboard, some olives and baby carrots from the fridge. Then you eat right off the kitchen counter with your fingers. All told, the meal takes five minutes, one plate, and no utensils (餐具) . You, my friend, have just made yourself a “girl dinner.” What once may have been a sheepish tradition has recently achieved viral fame on the internet thanks to Olivia Maher, who first coined the phenomenon in a TikTok. The trend has since amassed nearly one billion views. Where users have started sharing their own creations. There are some potential benefits of this kind of meal. For one, slightly smaller portions (份额) before bedtime could be a good thing. “It’s really nutritionally better to eat a larger meal in the middle of the day and a lighter meal at night,” says Kima Cargill, a psychology professor. “A lot of cultures will just eat, like leftovers, or soup and bread or something for dinner, ” she says, “which from a digestion viewpoint, is a better. ” Women often assume caretaking roles in a household, on top of all their other daily life responsibilities. “Girl dinner encourages people to listen to and follow their heart. It can be a celebration of freedom, if only for one meal, from that domestic labor, ” nutritionist Alissa Rumsey says. The trend has also raised eyebrows for what some argue is a support for low-calorie snacks in small, sometimes insubstantial portions. “My biggest concern with this is that many of these ‘girl dinners’ that we see on social media are not enough, which can both promote and normalize disordered eating and under-eating, ” Rumsey says. Her advice: avoid and unfollow any content creators that make you feel shame. Even if a video isn’t directly about weight loss, it’s hard not to see a person’s daily food intake as guidelines on how to look like them. But what works for them may not work for you. 1. What does the term “girl dinner” refer to? A. A low-effort meal. B. A weight-losing diet. C. A time-honored recipe. D. A money-saving snack. 2. What aspect of the girl dinner is appreciated by Kima Cargill? A. It’s rich nutritionally. B. It’s often in small portions. C. Its tendency to be eaten at home. D. Its expression of cultural identity. 3. What does the girl dinner mean to women according to Alissa Rumsey? A. Tiresome housework. B. Effort to meet kids’ wishes. C. An opportunity for socializing. D. A break from daily responsibilities. 4. What does Alissa Rumsey recommend? A. Limiting your time online. B. Avoiding following others’ diets blindly. C. Taking in low-calorie snacks in small portions. D. Reducing the frequency of eating the girl dinner. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“girl dinner”这一现象的起源、特点、利弊等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Then you eat right off the kitchen counter with your fingers. All told, the meal takes five minutes, one plate, and no utensils (餐具) . You, my friend, have just made yourself a “girl dinner.”(然后你可以直接在厨房的柜台上用手指吃东西。总而言之，这顿饭只花了五分钟，一个盘子，没有餐具。你，朋友，刚刚为自己做了一顿“girl dinner”)”可知，“girl dinner”指的是一顿不费力的饭。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There are some potential benefits of this kind of meal. For one, slightly smaller portions (份额) before bedtime could be a good thing. “It’s really nutritionally better to eat a larger meal in the middle of the day and a lighter meal at night,”   says Kima Cargill, a psychology professor.(这种饮食有一些潜在的好处。首先，睡前少吃一点可能是件好事。心理学教授Kima Cargill说：“中午多吃一顿，晚上少吃一点，从营养上来说真的更好”)”可知，Kima Cargill欣赏“girl dinner”的地方在于它常常量少。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Girl dinner encourages people to listen to and follow their heart. It can be a celebration of freedom, if only for one meal, from that domestic labor, ” nutritionist Alissa Rumsey says.(“girl dinner”鼓励人们倾听和跟随自己的内心。它可以是对自由的庆祝，即使只是一顿饭，也可以摆脱家务劳动，营养学家阿丽莎·拉姆齐说)”可知，Alissa Rumsey认为“girl dinner”对于女性而言，是摆脱日常责任的一个喘息机会。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But what works for them may not work for you.(但对他们有效的方法可能对你不起作用)”可知，Alissa Rumsey建议不要盲目跟从别人的饮食习惯。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州宇华·期末） Drone (无人机) light shows are becoming especially popular in the West. By now, if you live on the U. S. East or West Coasts, you’ve probably been troubled by wildfire smoke. The fires are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change worsens. And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think. That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires. And fire danger is now top of mind for many U. S. cities as the Independence Day, or the American national day, nears. In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 3,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t. And since light shows are required to keep the ground below the show clear, there’s no risk of a drone falling from the sky into the crowd. Drones are also less disturbing, creating only a light buzzing noise. Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough. That’s a nuisance for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise. But perhaps the biggest reason for the switch to drones is that they’re thought to be greener. Besides starting fires, firework smoke leaves behind a trail of harmful chemicals and is considered a pollutant. Drones are also a reusable option, capable of flying potentially hundreds of shows before they even require maintenance. That’s a huge benefit to the environment — and to the companies paying to put on these performances. At the end of the day, though, some cities are likely switching to drones simply because they’re cooler. That’s not to say that fireworks aren’t cool. But drones allow for more creativity, with the ability to synchronize (同步) lights to music and recreate complex images in the sky. Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future. 1. Why are fireworks given up in some towns? A. They are too expensive. B. They bring along fire risks. C. They speed up climate change. D. They are not cool any more. 2. How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By making a comparison. B. By analyzing causes and effects. C. By giving a definition. D. By referring to data from previous studies. 3. What does the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Reward. B. Attraction. C. Instance. D. Annoyance. 4. What will the author probably continue to talk about? A. The potential challenges drones will face. B. The similarities shared by drones and fireworks. C. The importance of drones in promoting economy. D. The strong competition from companies in different industries. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机灯光秀在西方越来越受欢迎，分析了其受欢迎的原因，包括减少火灾风险、更安全、噪音小、更环保以及更具创意等，同时也指出目前还不能得出无人机将完全取代烟花的结论。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think.(烟花，正如你从它的名字可以猜到的那样，会引起火灾——比你想象的要多)”和第二段中“That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires.(这就是去年加州一些城镇放弃烟花转向无人机的原因。澳大利亚的悉尼以其大规模的烟花表演而闻名，由于野火的风险，正在考虑也这样做)”可知，一些城镇放弃烟花是因为它们会带来火灾风险。故选B项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 3,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t.(除了降低火灾风险外，无人机灯光秀还为幕后人员提供了一个更安全的替代方案。去年，烟花造成3000多人受伤，因为它们可能会在地面上意外爆炸。无人机则不会)”可知，本段通过对比烟花和无人机灯光秀在安全性方面的差异，来说明无人机灯光秀的优势。由此推知，作者是通过对比的方式来展开第三段的。故选A项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough.(另一方面，如果你站得足够近，烟花可能会震破你的耳膜)”以及后文“for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise(对于一些有动物、小孩或对噪音敏感的人来说)”可知，烟花的噪音对于一些人来说是令人烦恼的。画线词“nuisance”意思是“令人烦恼的事物”，与Annoyance同义。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future.(然而，现在就急于得出无人机将在不久的将来完全取代烟花的结论还为时过早)”可知，作者认为现在还不能得出无人机将完全取代烟花的结论，由此推知，接下来作者可能会继续谈论无人机面临的挑战。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南驻马店·期末） Monica Gross, a 3-year-old comedian in Toronto, noticed something odd happening at house parties last year. People were ducking into bathrooms, hallways and quiet corners to record and listen to voice notes-audio recordings you send like a text. From house-party bathrooms to internet culture, voice notes are having a moment. Like all tech trends, the popularity of voice notes tells us about the connections people thirst for. Voice notes, which the sender speaks out loud, got basic placement in Apple’s texting app Messages in 2023. Since then, they’ve been added to almost every major social media and messaging platform. To send one, you typically press and hold a microphone icon (图标), speak your mind and send it off. Depending on the app, you can review your note first, listen at a faster or slower speed, or go full circle and read an automated transcript (文字记录) of the note. People who rely on voice notes are convinced they solve a problem. For the burned out, they’re a break from looking at screens. For the busy, they offer the convenience of talking without the commitment of a phone call. Unlike calling on the phone, voice notes don’t demand immediate or lasting attention, said Leora Trub, who runs the Digital Media and Psychology Lab at Pace University. That makes voice notes just the right amount of vulnerable (脆弱的) for young adults who, on the whole, have fewer friends than generations past, according to the Survey Center on American Life. “The voice note is this attempt to go back to calling, without actually calling.” Not everyone, however, is longing for a glimpse inside the mind of their loved ones. Annie Ridout, a writer in London, has three kids under 3 years old, and she feels a flash of frustration when friends send voice notes during her working hours. “I’m a busy working mum, and I don’t want people adding to my workload.” she said. That’s a problem with voice notes, said Pace University’s Trub. The recipient might not have time, interest or a pair of headphones. 1. Why is the example of Monica Gross used? A. To state closer connections. B. To prove people’s busyness. C. To explain an internet culture. D. To show the rise of voice notes. 2. What does the underlined words “burned out” mean in Para. 3? A. Motivated. B. Confused. C. Exhausted. D. Energized. 3. What is Para. 4 mainly about? A. The advantages of voice notes. B. The weakness of young adults. C. The need of immediate attention. D. The attempt of lasting calling. 4. Why does Annie Ridout dislike voice notes? A. They are favorites of her kids. B. They are disturbance to her work. C. They are problems of her friends. D. They are the workload of the writer. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要探讨了语音消息在当下的流行现象，包括其在各平台的普及、发送方式、优势以及存在的不足，同时也分析了不同人群对语音消息的看法，展现了语音消息这一新兴交流方式在社交领域的多面性。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Monica Gross, a 3-year-old comedian in Toronto, noticed something odd happening at house parties last year. People were ducking into bathrooms, hallways and quiet corners to record and listen to voice notes-audio recordings you send like a text. From house-party bathrooms to internet culture, voice notes are having a moment.(多伦多3岁的喜剧演员莫妮卡·格罗斯去年在家庭聚会上注意到了一些奇怪的事情。人们纷纷躲进浴室、走廊和安静的角落，录制和收听你像短信一样发送的语音笔记和录音。从家庭聚会浴室到网络文化，语音笔记正在流行)”可知，莫妮卡・格罗斯的例子，是为了呈现语音消息兴起的状况，D 选项 “To show the rise of voice notes(为了展示语音消息的兴起)”正确。故选D项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段 “For the burned out, they’re a break from looking at screens.(对于那些 “burned out”的人来说，他们可以暂时不看屏幕) ”可知，这类人需要从看屏幕中解脱。C选项“Exhausted(疲惫的)”，符合长时间看屏幕后感到疲惫，进而需要从看屏幕状态中解脱出来的语境。故选C项。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Unlike calling on the phone, voice notes don’t demand immediate or lasting attention(与打电话不同，语音消息不需要立即或持续的关注)”，表明这是语音消息的一个优势。第四段“That makes voice notes just the right amount of vulnerable for young adults who, on the whole, have fewer friends than generations past(这使得语音消息对于那些总体上比过去几代人朋友更少的年轻人来说，恰到好处地不会给他们带来太大压力)”，进一步阐述了语音消息对特定人群的适宜性，所以答案是 A 选项“The advantages of voice notes(语音消息的优点)”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Annie Ridout, a writer in London, has three kids under 3 years old, and she feels a flash of frustration when friends send voice notes during her working hours. ‘I’m a busy working mum, and I don’t want people adding to my workload.’ she said.(伦敦作家安妮・里多特有三个3岁以下的孩子，当朋友们在她工作时间发送语音消息时，她会感到一阵沮丧。她说：“我是一个忙碌的职场妈妈，我不想有人增加我的工作量。”)”可知，安妮・里多特不喜欢语音消息是因为它们干扰了她的工作。所以答案是 B 选项 “They are disturbance to her work (它们对她的工作造成干扰)”。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南开封·期末） Ever find yourself yawing and reaching for the pillow after only a few chapters of your favorite book? Trust me, I’ve been there too; it appears that reading can indeed tire us out. There are several reasons for this. First of all, reading domains mental effort. Engaging in a cognitive (认知的) activity like roading requires focused mental efforts and intense concentration. As your brain processes unfamiliar words, builds images from the text’s descriptions, and keeps track of multiple characters or concepts, it uses physical energy just like any other part of your body would during physical work. This high level of mental struggle can eventually lead to tiredness over time. Eye strain is also an important factor. Strain occurs when our eyes endure long periods of use without breaks. For instance, following the twisting plot of a mystery novel without pausing can lead to this condition. Eye strain isn’t just about exhaustion though; it brings along symptoms like headaches, blurred vision, twitching eyelids, watery or dry eyes — things that certainly paint a rather awful picture for your otherwise relaxing leisure activity! So next time you wonder’ why does reading make me tired’, know that your exhausted eyes might be signaling for some well-deserved rest! Even more importantly, reading has a calming effect. As a passionate reader, you might’ve noticed the relaxing power of books. When you read a good story, reality fades and your minds find peace in the words on pages. The sensation isn’t by accident; reading has a calming effect that can make us tired. Seeing those shapes we recognize as letters and transforming them into meaningful dialogue or narrative requires mental energy. This effort engages your mind in an immensely focused task which might feel relaxing because it’s distracting from other stressors around us — but don’t be mistaken — it’s like running a spiritual marathon! It explains why reading before bed can improve sleep quality. So next time when tiredness surrounds you while halfway through your favorite characters’ tale, embrace its presence knowing it’s just part of the journey. 1. Why does reading make us tired in terms of mental aspect? A. Because reading makes our minds go blank. B. Because reading forces our brains to work slowly. C. Because our brains use energy to process information. D. Because reading makes our brains think about unrelated things. 2. What are the symptoms of eye strain according to the text? A. Aching throat and cough. B. Stomachache and sickness. C. Back pain and muscle ache. D. Headaches, poor sight, discomfort in eyes. 3. The expression “a spiritual marathon” in the last paragraph refers to ______ . A. a long tiring but rewarding mental journey B. a competition that tests one’s spiritual beliefs C. a simple and effortless way of killing the time D. a physical activity that requires great endurance 4. What is the author’s attitude towards reading making people tired? A. Critical. B. Understanding. C. Indifferent. D. Enthusiastic. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了阅读使人疲劳的几个原因。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Engaging in a cognitive (认知的) activity like roading requires focused mental efforts and intense concentration. As your brain processes unfamiliar words, builds images from the text’s descriptions, and keeps track of multiple characters or concepts, it uses physical energy just like any other part of your body would during physical work.(从事像开车这样的认知活动需要集中精神和高度集中注意力。当你的大脑处理不熟悉的单词，根据文本的描述构建图像，并跟踪多个字符或概念时，它就像你身体的任何其他部分在体力劳动时一样消耗体力)”可知，大脑在处理文字和故事元素时消耗能量导致疲劳，故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Eye strain isn’t just about exhaustion though; it brings along symptoms like headaches, blurred vision, twitching eyelids, watery or dry eyes — things that certainly paint a rather awful picture for your otherwise relaxing leisure activity!(眼疲劳不仅仅是疲劳所致；它会带来头痛、视力模糊、眼皮抽动、眼睛湿润或干燥等症状——这些症状肯定会给你原本轻松的休闲活动画上一幅相当糟糕的画面！)”可知，眼睛疲劳的症状是头痛、视力差、眼睛不适。故选D。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This effort engages your mind in an immensely focused task which might feel relaxing because it’s distracting from other stressors around us(这种努力使你的思想集中在一个高度集中的任务上，这可能会让你感到放松，因为它分散了我们周围其他压力源的注意力)”可知，将看到的字母形状转化为有意义的对话或叙述需要精神能量，这种努力让大脑专注于一项任务，虽有放松之感但也消耗精力，如同跑一场精神马拉松。这表明阅读就像马拉松一样，是一个漫长的过程，故划线部分意思是“长而劳累但有益的精神之旅”。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Ever find yourself yawing and reaching for the pillow after only a few chapters of your favorite book? Trust me, I’ve been there too; it appears that reading can indeed tire us out. There are several reasons for this.(你有没有发现自己在看完最喜欢的书的几章后就打哈欠，想要上床睡觉？相信我，我也有过这样的经历；看来阅读确实会使我们疲惫。这有几个原因)”可推知，作者对阅读使人疲劳持理解的态度。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南南阳·期末） At least a quarter of people typically make at least one New Year’s resolution (计划), and a large portion of those good intentions end in disappointment. Rationally speaking, January 1st should be no better than any other day to make a life change - so why put the needless pressure on ourselves to “upgrade” our lives at the opening of a new calendar? Recent psychological research, however, suggests that there are many good reasons to begin a new life on the first day of a new year. Psychologists have found that, rather than seeing our life as a continuum, we tend to craft a narrative, divided into separate “chapters” that mark the different stages of our life. People tend to think about life as if they’re characters in a book. “Any time you have a moment that feels like a division of time, your mind does a special thing where it creates a sense that you have a fresh start,” says Katy Milkman, a psychology professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “You’ re turning the page, you have a clean start and it’s a new beginning.” It worked a treat. The students who had been encouraged to think of a “fresh start” were more likely to start a new gym habit, improve their sleep hygiene or spend less time on social media, compared to those who had not been primed to see the date as a significant division in the timeline. The New Year is an especially compelling starting point. “It is a big chapter break for most people,” says Milkman. The way you frame your resolutions could make an important difference. We can often turn an avoidance goal into an approach goal to maximize our chances of success. Supposing you want to lose weight. “Instead of saying that I want to stop eating a candy bar every day, I might instead say that I want to start eating carrots each afternoon,” an expert says. Any journey worth pursuing will include a few bumps along the way - but you can greatly increase your likelihood of reaching your goals through many ways. 1. What is the common problem with New Year’s resolutions according to the text? A. People make too many resolutions. B. Many resolutions are a great burden. C. Many resolutions end up being unfulfilled. D. People make resolutions only on January 1st. 2. How can you set your goal if you want to keep fit according to the passage? A. By beginning jogging. B. By giving up smoking. C. By increasing screen time. D. By avoiding staying up late. 3. What will be talked about in the next part of the passage? A. The ways to increase chances of success. B. The approaches to achieving aims. C. The means of framing resolutions. D. The methods for avoiding bumps. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. New Year’s Resolutions, a Sure Path to Success B. New Year’s Resolutions, a Key Timeline Division C. New Year’s Resolutions, a Page-turning Fresh Start D. New Year’s Resolutions, a Worthless Try to Improve 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了做新年决定的好处，并且给出了一些建议。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“At least a quarter of people typically make at least one New Year’s resolution (计划), and a large portion of those good intentions end in disappointment. (至少有四分之一的人通常会制定至少一个新年计划，而其中很大一部分的良好愿望最终都以失望告终。)”可知，新年决心的常见问题是许多新年计划最终以失望告终，即很多计划没有实现。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We can often turn an avoidance goal into an approach goal to maximize our chances of success. Supposing you want to lose weight. “Instead of saying that I want to stop eating a candy bar every day, I might instead say that I want to start eating carrots each afternoon,” an expert says. (我们经常可以把逃避目标变成接近目标，从而最大化我们成功的机会。假设你想减肥。一位专家说：“与其说我想停止每天吃一块糖果，倒不如说我想开始每天下午吃胡萝卜。”)”可知，第四段提到可以将回避目标转化为接近目标来提高成功几率，比如把“停止每天吃糖果棒”变成“每天下午开始吃胡萝卜”。所以如果想保持健康，把开始慢跑作为目标符合这种将目标转化为积极行动的方式，A 选项正确。B选项 “戒烟”是回避目标；C选项“增加屏幕时间”不利于健康；D选项“避免熬夜”也是回避目标。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Any journey worth pursuing will include a few bumps along the way - but you can greatly increase your likelihood of reaching your goals through many ways. (任何值得追求的旅程都会有一些颠簸，但你可以通过多种方式大大增加实现目标的可能性。)”可知，此处表明可以通过多种方式提高实现目标的可能性，由此可推知，接下来很可能会讲这些提高成功几率的方法。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“Recent psychological research, however, suggests that there are many good reasons to begin a new life on the first day of a new year. (然而，最近的心理学研究表明，在新年的第一天开始新生活有很多很好的理由。)”可知，文章开篇提出新年计划常令人失望，接着解释新年是一个新的开始，人们倾向于将新年视为生活新篇章的起点，最后提到制定计划的方式对实现目标很重要。故这篇文章的最佳标题是“新年计划，翻开新篇章的全新开始”。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南固始·期末） The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic（怀旧的）skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life. Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand. Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2002, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said. "In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks," she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer." 1. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past? A. The absence of blackboard in classrooms. B. The use of new technologies in teaching. C. The lack of practice in handwriting. D. The popular use of smartphones. 2. Berninger's study published in 2002 ________. A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer. B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper. C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences. D. discussed the importance of writing speed. 3. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling? A. Spelling is unrelated to writing skills. B. Spelling plays a vital part in writing. C. Spelling has negative effect on writing. D. Spelling slows down us to express ideas. 4. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage? A. Computers can take place of handwriting. B. Handwriting functions only in the past. C. Basic handwriting skills are still needed. D. Handwriting is useless nowadays. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们所忽视。但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地，因为加强拼写有助于学生的发展。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.（随着计算机和智能手机等新技术的到来，手写已经成为一种怀旧的技能。）”可知，随着像电脑和智能手机的使用，书写已经成为了人们怀旧的东西。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand.（Berninger和她的同事进行了一项研究，观察学生完成各种写作任务的能力--包括在电脑上和手写。）”可知，Berninger和她的同事做了个研究，想看看学生用电脑和用手工完成各种写的任务的情况的不同。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write.（在最近的一项研究中，贝宁格研究了拼写在学生写作技能中扮演的角色，并发现孩子们拼写的好坏与他们写作的好坏有关。）”可知，拼写在写作当中起着很大的作用。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据Berninger所做的实验以及第一段“many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.（许多人认为，学生要想在学校和生活中取得成功，基本的书法技能仍然是必不可少的。）”可推知，在今天的教学中书写仍然有一席之地。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南兰考·期末） When you eagerly dig into a long-anticipated dinner, signals from your stomach to your brain keep you from eating so much that you’ll regret it—or so it’s been thought. That theory had never really been directly tested until a team of scientists at University of California, San Francisco recently took up the question. The team, led by Zachary Knight, a professor of UCSF physiology discovered that our tastebuds (味蕾) are the first line of defense against eating too fast. The study, published in the journal Nature, provides scientists with a novel perspective on how we control our appetite and could make clear the efficacy of weight-loss drugs like Ozempic. Truong Ly, PhD, a graduate student in Knight’s lab, developed new techniques allowing for the imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full in an awake, active mouse. The team found that when they put food directly into the mouse’s stomach, brain cells called PRLH which influences appetite were activated by nutrient signals sent from the stomach, in line with traditional thinking and the results of prior studies. However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the stomach didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. “It was a total surprise that these cells were provoked by sense of taste,” said Ly. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that we should be thinking about.” The research indicates that when we’re hungry, our brain uses taste in two different ways at the same time—one telling us to eat more because it tastes good, and another part is watching how fast you’re eating and saying, “Slow down or you’re going to be sick.” The research indicates that our brain integrates taste, rather than only relying on stomach signaling, to control eating behavior. The team plans to investigate how taste signals interact with feedback from the stomach to suppress (抑制) our appetite during a meal. 1. What does the study conducted by UCSF find? A. Ozempic is effective in weight loss. B. Stomachs have effects on our appetite. C. Sense of taste can affect the speed of eating. D. The expectation for dinner influences food intake. 2. What can we learn about PRLH brain cells in paragraph 3? A. They are crucial to providing nutrients. B. Their activities can also be ruled by taste signals. C. Their functions are determined by regular meals. D. They can be improved by signals from stomach and taste. 3. What does the underlined word “provoke” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Stimulate. B. Damage. C. Manage. D. Restrict. 4. What will the following research be about? A. Stomach feedback for appetite. B. Interaction of taste and stomach. C. The functions of taste signals. D. Development of weight-loss drugs. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家验证了我们的味觉会影响吃饭的速度，文章解释了研究开展的过程以及研究的有关发现。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The team, led by Zachary Knight, a professor of UCSF physiology discovered that our tastebuds (味蕾) are the first line of defense against eating too fast. (由加州大学旧金山分校生理学教授Zachary Knight领导的研究小组发现，我们的味蕾是防止吃得太快的第一道防线)”可知，加州大学旧金山分校的研究发现味觉会影响吃饭的速度。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth.(相反，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式)”可知，PRLH脑细胞的活动也受味觉信号的支配。故选B。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth.(相反，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式)”以及划线词后文“The research indicates that when we’re hungry, our brain uses taste in two different ways at the same time—one telling us to eat more because it tastes good, and another part is watching how fast you’re eating and saying, “Slow down or you’re going to be sick.”(研究表明，当我们饿的时候，我们的大脑同时以两种不同的方式使用味觉——一种是告诉我们吃得多一点，因为味道很好，另一种是看着你吃得多快，然后说:“慢点，否则你会生病的。”)”可知，PRLH脑细胞是被味觉刺激而工作的，故划线词意思是“刺激”，故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The team plans to investigate how taste signals interact with feedback from the stomach to suppress (抑制) our appetite during a meal.(研究小组计划研究味觉信号如何与胃的反馈相互作用，从而抑制我们吃饭时的食欲)”可知，接下来的研究关于味觉和胃的相互作用。故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南豫东名校·期末） Elephants are splendid creatures and tourists often go to African countries to see them. Due to conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, the number of elephants went from around 6,000 to almost 4,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also expanded. This has led to conflicts that often result in elephant deaths. Now an innovative solution — using honeybees — has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The humming (嗡嗡声) of the African honeybees scares off elephants. Now yellow beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local farm lands, including one owned by Kenyan farmer Charity Mwangome. “We used to hate elephants a lot,” she said. But she believed that the beehive fences could rescue her from continuous crop loss. A nine-year study published in the October issue of the journal Conservation Science and Practice found that beehive fences scared away elephants 16.3 percent of the time. The study monitored 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park. During the peak growing seasons, 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were stopped. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75 percent, elephants were still scared off 76 percent of the time. Save the Elephants is now building beehive fences in 4 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides stopping elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to add to their income. Mwanajuma Kibula, who has a farm in Kenya that is protected by beehives, harvests honey twice a year from her hives. She makes 450 shillings per jar. This is enough for her to pay for her children’s education. 1. What do the data in paragraph 1 indicate? A. The success of elephant protection. B. The large number of beehive fences. C. The growth of the Indian population. D. The survival crisis facing elephants. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 3? A. Elephants have destroyed crops. B. Elephants are likely to hurt farmers. C. Charity Mwangome likes elephants. D. Beehive fences should be torn down. 3. Why is Mwanajuma Kibula mentioned? A. To stress the importance of elephants. B. To show an additional benefit of beehives. C. To praise farmers in African countries. D. To recommend new farming methods. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Long History of Elephants in Africa B. Bees Are Essential to People and the Planet C. An Organization Aiming to Secure Elephants D. Bees Help Keep Elephants Away From Kenyan Farms 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在肯尼亚，由于大象数量增多与人类产生冲突，而利用蜂巢围栏可以吓走大象保护农田，同时蜂巢还有其他益处。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Due to conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, the number of elephants went from around 6,000, to almost 4,000, in 2021.(由于保护工作的开展，肯尼亚等国家的非洲象数量正在增加。在该国著名的察沃国家公园，2021年大象的数量从约6,000头增加到了近4,000头)”可知，这些数据表明了大象保护工作取得了成功。故选A项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Now yellow beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local farm lands, including one owned by Kenyan farmer Charity Mwangome. ‘We used to hate elephants a lot,’ she said. But she believed that the beehive fences could rescue her from continuous crop loss.(现在，黄色的蜂巢栅栏保护着当地的一些农田，其中包括肯尼亚农民姆旺戈姆拥有的一块土地。‘我们过去非常讨厌大象，’她说。但她相信蜂巢围栏可以让她摆脱持续的作物损失)”可推知，大象曾毁坏了庄稼。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to add to their income. Mwanajuma Kibula, who has a farm in Kenya that is protected by beehives, harvests honey twice a year from her hives. She makes 45 0 shillings per jar. This is enough for her to pay for her children’s education.(蜜蜂提供授粉服务，可以提高作物产量，蜂箱里蜂蜜农民可以出售以增加收入。肯尼亚有一个农场受到蜂箱保护的姆瓦纳朱马·基布拉每年从她的蜂箱里收获两次蜂蜜。她每罐蜂蜜能卖450先令。这足够她支付孩子的教育费用了)”可推知，提到姆瓦纳朱马·基布拉是为了证明蜂巢的另一个好处。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Now an innovative solution — using honeybees — has been found to keep the elephants away from farms.(现在，一种创新的解决方案——利用蜜蜂——已经被发现可以让大象远离农场)”以及后文对蜂巢围栏既能吓走大象保护农田，又能带来其他益处的描述可知，文章主要围绕蜜蜂帮助让大象远离肯尼亚农场展开。所以D项“Bees Help Keep Elephants Away From Kenyan Farms(蜜蜂帮助大象远离肯尼亚农场)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南焦作·期末） When it comes to keeping off extra pounds, watching what we eat may not be enough—we have to keep an eye on our food’s packaging, too. Half the world is expected to be overweight by 204. In addition to overeating and lack of exercise, the scientific community is exploring another factor that may contribute—eating products packaged in plastic. For a study published last year, researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology set out to determine what chemical compounds (化合物) exist in 3 common plastic items that touch things we eat, such as yogurt cups, juice bottles, candy packages, and plastic wrap used for produce and cheese, as well as items often found in kitchen. Of the 55,000 chemicals the researchers found in these items, only 62 were identifiable, which influence our bodies’ ability to regulate weight, troubling health effects. “We’re quite certain that there are many chemicals in plastic products that impact metabolism (新陈代谢), but we just couldn’t identify all of them,” Martin Wagner, a study co-author said. Strikingly, Wagner and his colleagues found that a third of all the common products they tested contain chemicals that cause the adipogenic (生脂的) process. Although we are exposed to them daily, most of these mystery chemicals are unknown, unstudied and unregulated. For years, experts have been warning against plastic food containers, particularly for hot or oily foods which may make the plastics unstable and increase the risk of chemical leaching (渗出). As one of them, Wagner argues that we need to start reducing our exposure to plastic without waiting for more slow-moving research to prove that the plastics in our food, products, blood and organs are risk factors for bad health outcomes. Really, reducing our plastic exposure should be our overall goal. When we think about cutting junk out of our diets, the criminals shouldn’t just be candy and soda—plastic needs to go, too. 1. What newly-found factor may cause overweight? A. Eating too much. B. Lack of exercise. C. Unhealthy eating habits. D. Food’s plastic packaging. 2. What is the finding of the study published last year? A. Most products tested contain adipogenic chemicals. B. Metabolism is affected by chemicals in plastic products. C. The influence of plastic products on our health is unknown. D. Only 62 chemicals in plastic products regulate people ‘s weight. 3. What does Wagner suggest we do? A. Stop eating foods packaged in plastic. B. Avoid using plastic products for hot or oily foods. C. Reduce our exposure to plastic as much as possible. D. Wait for more research to prove the risks of plastics. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Keeping off extra pounds is urgent. B. It’s high time to stop using plastic packaging. C. Chemicals in plastic packaging may lead to overweight. D. Plastic food packaging proves to contain harmful chemicals. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明，塑料包装中的化学物质可能导致人们超重。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In addition to overeating and lack of exercise, the scientific community is exploring another factor that may contribute—eating products packaged in plastic.(除了暴饮暴食和缺乏运动之外，科学界正在探索另一个可能的因素——食用塑料包装的产品)”可知，食品塑料包装是导致超重的一个新发现的因素，故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We’re quite certain that there are many chemicals in plastic products that impact metabolism (新陈代谢), but we just couldn’t identify all of them,(我们非常确定塑料产品中存在许多影响新陈代谢的化学物质，但我们无法识别所有这些化学物质)”可知，去年发表的研究结果是新陈代谢受到塑料制品中化学物质的影响。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As one of them, Wagner argues that we need to start reducing our exposure to plastic without waiting for more slow-moving research to prove that the plastics in our food, products, blood and organs are risk factors for bad health outcomes.(作为其中之一，瓦格纳认为，我们需要开始减少对塑料的接触，而不是等待更多进展缓慢的研究来证明我们的食物、产品、血液和器官中的塑料是不良健康结果的风险因素)”可知，Wagner建议我们尽可能减少我们与塑料的接触。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“When it comes to keeping off extra pounds, watching what we eat may not be enough—we have to keep an eye on our food’s packaging, too. Half the world is expected to be overweight by 204. In addition to overeating and lack of exercise, the scientific community is exploring another factor that may contribute—eating products packaged in plastic.(当谈到防止体重增加时，仅仅关注我们吃的东西可能还不够——我们还必须关注食物的包装。预计到204年，世界上一半的人将超重。除了暴饮暴食和缺乏锻炼之外，科学界正在探索另一个可能的因素——食用塑料包装的产品)”可知，文章主要介绍了塑料包装中的化学物质可能导致人们超重。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南南阳·期末） New research indicates that 63 bird species have died out over the past 2,000 years. For instance, the Kaua'i ‘ō’ō, a Hawaiian songbird, was declared extinct last year. The study, led by Tom Matthews from the University of Birmingham and published in Science, emphasizes an “ongoing biodiversity crisis” that demands immediate attention. Birds play crucial roles in ecosystems, which include spreading seeds, eating insects, or reusing dead material. Vultures, for example, eat the flesh of dead animals. Matthews said a good example of the importance of birds is “on the islands of Mauritius and Hawaii, where all or almost all the native birds that eat fruit have gone extinct. "The extinction of fruit-eating birds in Mauritius and Hawaii has led to a decline in seed dispersal, threatening many tree species. Most documented extinctions have occurred on islands. Loss of habitat has a significant impact due to limited space. Flightless island birds(meaning they cannot fly away to escape natural enemies), like the large “elephant birds” of Madagascar and the moa birds of New Zealand, were particularly vulnerable to predators(掠食者) and human hunting, leading to their disappearance after human arrival. Human hunting was a major cause in the past and remains a problem in some areas, especially the songbird trade in Southeast Asia. Diseases like avian malaria introduced by humans have also caused extinctions, and the impact of climate change on birds is still largely unknown. The study warns that the actual number of extinct species could be underestimated. This is because of a lack of data from some areas and the fact that some lost species may not have left behind bones or other evidence. With only 4,000 bird species remaining, researchers prognosticate over 1,000 more could go extinct in the next two centuries. These losses would not only be a moral and ethical concern but also disrupt the environment's functionality. Human activities continue to pose significant threats to bird populations. Climate change's impact on birds remains largely unknown, adding to the urgency of conservation efforts. 1. Which of the following contributes to the extinction of birds on islands? A. The introduction of new species. B. The increase in predators. C. The lack of food resources. D. The loss of habitat. 2. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Realize. B. Estimate. C. Admit. D. Suspect. 3. What is the author's attitude towards the current situation of bird extinction? A. Optimistic B. Indifferent C. Concerned D. Doubtful 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To inform and advertise. B. To present and analyze. C. To amuse and entertain. D. To compare and argue. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了鸟类在过去2,000年间的灭绝情况，并对人类活动对鸟类灭绝的影响进行了分析和警示。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Most documented extinctions have occurred on islands. Loss of habitat has a significant impact due to limited space.(大多数已记录的灭绝都发生在岛屿上。由于空间有限，栖息地的丧失对鸟类造成了重大影响)”可知，岛屿上鸟类的灭绝主要与栖息地丧失有关。故选D。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The study warns that the actual number of extinct species could be underestimated.(研究警告称，实际上灭绝的物种数量可能被低估)以及“over 1,000 more could go extinct in the next two centuries.(在接下来的两个世纪里，还有300多种物种可能会灭绝)”和可推知研究人员在预测未来灭绝的鸟类数量，prognosticate应是“估计，预测”的意思，故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These losses would not only be a moral and ethical concern but also disrupt the environment's functionality. Human activities continue to pose significant threats to bird populations. Climate change's impact on birds remains largely unknown, adding to the urgency of conservation efforts.(这些损失不仅是道德和伦理问题，而且还会破坏环境的功能。人类活动对鸟类种群继续构成重大威胁。气候变化对鸟类的影响仍然大部分未知，增添了保护工作的紧迫性)”可知，作者对鸟类灭绝的现状表示担忧，故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过数据和案例具体分析了鸟类的灭绝现象及其影响，并致力于强调解决鸟类灭绝问题的紧迫性。目的是呈现灭绝现象并对原因进行分析。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南三门峡·期末） On the glittering Red Sea coast, there’s a luxury tourist destination that has it all: white sands, perfect accommodation, world-class yachting and — perhaps surprisingly — a cutting-edge laboratory that’s protecting coral reefs from climate change. AMAALA is a new kind of sustainable destination. Run with 30% renewable energy, it is one of two carbon neutral luxury destinations that Red Sea Global (RSG) operates, which are test beds for sustainable development and hubs for new technology and ecological research. Its most ambitious project is to protect and regenerate corals, which are under extreme pressure from warming temperatures, in the Red Sea and beyond. ‌“Corals cover less than 1% of the Earth’s surface but they sustain 25% of all marine life,” says John Pagano, Group CEO of RSG. ‌“To protect and enhance the coral reefs under our guardianship we are using advanced technologies, such as remote operated vehicles and machine learning, to monitor coral cover. These innovations can produce 3D images and automatically analyze them, enabling our scientists to quickly identify and respond to threats like coral bleaching and invasive species.” RSG’s scientists are also developing an onshore nursery, where corals are developed in controlled conditions. The idea is to boost the natural coral reefs when needed, says a marine conservationist on the team. Soon, RSG will also begin testing 3D-printed materials to create artificial substrates for relocating coral colonies or growing new ones. Essentially, it means creating new reefs to support marine life. And the cool thing is that everyone’s invited. RSG’s vision is for tourism, conservation and research to co-exist and sustain each other at its destinations. The marine life institute, built at AMAALA, will include visitor experiences alongside its laboratories and rehabilitation centers. Tourists will be encouraged to participate, play and learn. ‌“We believe that academic research and tourism can work together, for people and planet alike,” says Pagano. Dr Jess Bouwmeester, an associate director of RSG, is looking forward to seeing visitors. ‌“We want to get them involved,” she says. ‌“As soon as people start learning about corals they tend to be a lot more protective of them. In terms of environmental awareness, getting the tourism sector involved is extremely important.” 1. What do we know about AMAALA and RSG? A. They are both luxury tourist destinations. B. They are both test beds for sustainable development. C. RSG cooperates with AMAALA to protect corals. D. RSG runs AMAALA as its multifunctional destination. 2. According to John Pagano, why is it an ambitious project to protect corals? A. Corals should be under the guardianship of RSG. B. Corals play a critical role in supporting certain sea life. C. Corals cover less than 1% of the Eeath’s surface but sustain 25% of ecological life. D. Corals are under extreme pressure because of warming temperatures. 3. What are RSG’s scientists doing to protect the corals? A. Using cutting-edge technologies to keep track of corals. B. Analyzing the 3D images to respond to potential threats. C. Testing 3D-printed materials to help create new coral reefs. D. Developing an offshore nursery to boost natural coral reefs. 4. What is Dr Jess Bouwmeester’s attitude towards tourism in the marine life institute? A. Concerned. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Favourable. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了红海沿岸的豪华旅游目的地AMAALA，它由RSG运营，是可持续发展的试验区，RSG致力于保护和再生珊瑚礁，还希望旅游、保护和研究能相互促进。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“AMAALA is a new kind of sustainable destination. Run with 30% renewable energy, it is one of two carbon neutral luxury destinations that Red Sea Global (RSG) operates, which are test beds for sustainable development and hubs for new technology and ecological research.(AMAALA是一种新型的可持续发展目的地。它采用30%可再生能源运营，是红海全球公司(RSG)运营的两个碳中和豪华目的地之一，这些目的地是可持续发展的试验场，也是新技术和生态研究的中心)”可知，RSG将AMAALA作为其多功能目的地来运营。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Its most ambitious project is to protect and regenerate corals, which are under extreme pressure from warming temperatures, in the Red Sea and beyond. “Corals cover less than 1% of the Earth’s surface but they sustain 25% of all marine life,” says John Pagano, Group CEO of RSG. (它最雄心勃勃的项目是保护和再生红海及其他地区的珊瑚，这些珊瑚正面临着气候变暖的极端压力。RSG集团首席执行官约翰·帕加诺说：“珊瑚覆盖的面积不到地球表面的1%，但它们维持着25%的海洋生物生存”)”可知，珊瑚在维持某些海洋生物生存方面发挥着至关重要的作用。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“To protect and enhance the coral reefs under our guardianship we are using advanced technologies, such as remote operated vehicles and machine learning, to monitor coral cover.(为了保护和改善我们所监护的珊瑚礁，我们正在使用先进技术，如遥控车辆和机器学习，来监测珊瑚覆盖情况)”可知，RSG的科学家正在使用尖端技术来跟踪珊瑚情况。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Dr Jess Bouwmeester, an associate director of RSG, is looking forward to seeing visitors. “We want to get them involved,” she says. “As soon as people start learning about corals they tend to be a lot more protective of them. In terms of environmental awareness, getting the tourism sector involved is extremely important.”(RSG的副总监杰斯·鲍米斯特博士期待着游客的到来。“我们希望让他们参与进来，”她说。“人们一旦开始了解珊瑚，往往就会更加保护它们。就环境意识而言，让旅游业参与进来极其重要。”)”可知，杰斯·鲍米斯特博士期待着游客的到来，说明他对海洋生物研究所开展旅游持支持态度。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州宇华·期末） It’s not easy being a customer service agent — particularly when those customers are so angry with a product that they want to yell at you down the phone. That’s why the Sonos, a maker of home-audio systems, hired Sierra, an AI start-up, to provide it with a customer service program powered by generative artificial intelligence (AI). In recent years, the customer service industry has become famed for driving customers mad with its use of technology. Because it is expensive for firms to use humans to solve their customers’ problems, they make the process as inefficient as possible by forcing you to press an extremely confusing combination of numbers or chat with a bot that recites prepackaged responses. Now entrepreneurs are betting that generative AI can make it all less awful. Unlike the former, generative-AI bots (程序) do not echo routine responses to narrow questions. Instead, they create their own responses informed by the firms’ training materials and previous customer-service interactions. That raises two tricky questions. Advocates for the technology say that customers will no longer have to wait endlessly and point out that programs will be fluent in many languages and have easier-to-understand accents than foreign call-center agents. Customers, though, are yet to be convinced: 64% of those surveyed by Gartner said they would prefer it if companies didn’t use AI for customer service, mostly because they worry it will make it even more difficult to reach a human. What is more, generative-AI bots have a tendency to project complete confidence in their responses even when they are wrong, which could cause chaos. Earlier this year Air Canada was forced to repay a customer who was incorrectly promised a discount by the airline’s AI chatbot. A second question is what all this means for the call-centre agents. It is predicted that generative AI would lead to a 20% — 3% reduction in customer-service jobs by 2026. For now, Mr Goeller says Clearsource is focused on using generative AI to help train its human agents. But he adds, “I would be putting my head in the sand if I said AI wouldn’t replace people. 1. How does generative AI differ from traditional customer service, according to the passage? A. It is curious and multilingual. B. It is intelligent and interactive. C. It is polite and communicative. D. It is cost- effective and welcoming. 2. Why do most customers favor service agents instead of generative AI? A. They find it challenging to deal with. B. They still value human-to-human contact. C. They believe it will not fully deliver its promise. D. They worry about falling victim to its efficiency. 3. What can be inferred from the passage about generative AI in customer service? A. It struggles to bridge the language gap. B. It becomes the major concern for service agents. C. It is only problematic in highly-regulated industry. D. It completely removes human agents from service. 4. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To present the analysis of capabilities of AI. B. To argue the AI’s replacement of service agents. C. To explore the impact of AI on customer service. D. To promote the dominance of AI in customer service. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了生成式人工智能如何在客户服务领域发挥作用，以及这种技术可能带来的问题。此外，本文还探讨了这种技术对人类客服职位的影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlike the former, generative-AI bots (程序) do not echo routine responses to narrow questions. Instead, they create their own responses informed by the firms’ training materials and previous customer-service interactions.( 与前者不同，生成型人工智能机器人不会对狭隘的问题做出常规回应。相反，他们根据公司的培训材料和之前的客户服务互动，创造自己的回应)”可知，生成式人工智能与传统的客户服务的不同是它是智能和互动的。故选B项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Customers, though, are yet to be convinced: 64% of those surveyed by Gartner said they would prefer it if companies didn’t use AI for customer service, mostly because they worry it will make it even more difficult to reach a human.( 然而，客户们还没有被说服：64%的受访者表示，他们更希望公司不使用人工智能来提供客户服务，主要是因为他们担心人工智能会让他们更难联系到人类)”可推知，大多数客户青睐服务代理，而不是生成式人工智能是因为他们仍然重视人与人之间的接触。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s not easy being a customer service agent- particularly when those customers are so angry with a product that they want to yell at you down the phone. That’s why the Sonos, a maker of home-audio systems, hired Sierra, an AI start-up, to provide it with a customer service program powered by generative artificial intelligence(AI).( 当一名客户服务人员并不容易，尤其是当那些客户对产品非常生气，想在电话里对你大喊大叫的时候。因此，家庭音响系统制造商Sonos聘请了人工智能初创企业Sierra，为其提供由生成式人工智能（AI）驱动的客户服务程序)”以及第二段中“In recent years, the customer service industry has become famed for driving customers mad with its use of technology.( 近年来，客户服务行业因其对技术的使用让客户抓狂而闻名。)”和第三段中“Now entrepreneurs are betting that generative AI can make it all less awful.( 如今，企业家们押注，生成式人工智能可以让这一切变得不那么糟糕)”由此可知，从文章中关于客户服务中的生成式人工智能可以推断出它成为服务代理的主要关注点。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第三段“Now entrepreneurs are betting that generative AI can make it all less awful. Unlike the former, generative-AI bots (程序) do not echo routine responses to narrow questions. Instead, they create their own responses informed by the firms’ training materials and previous customer-service interactions.( 如今，企业家们押注，生成式人工智能可以让这一切变得不那么糟糕。与前者不同，生成型人工智能机器人不会对狭隘的问题做出常规回应。相反，他们根据公司的培训材料和之前的客户服务互动，创造自己的回应)”和最后一段中“It is predicted that generative AI would lead to a 20%  — 3% reduction in customer-service jobs by 2026. For now, Mr Goeller says Clearsource is focused on using generative AI to help train its human agents.( 据预测，到2026年，生成型人工智能将导致客户服务岗位减少20%——3%。戈勒表示，Clearsource目前专注于使用生成式人工智能来帮助训练其人类代理)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是探索人工智能对客户服务的影响。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州·期末） Education experts at the University of South Australia remind teachers that high engagement leads to high returns when it comes to improving student performance. Filming and assessing the content of classrooms across South Australia and Victoria, researchers found in a new study that nearly 70% of student tasks involved superficial learning — simple questions and answers, taking notes, or listening to teachers — rather than activities that engage students on a deeper level. Less than a third of teachers are engaging students in complex learning, limiting student opportunities for critical thinking and problem solving. Dr. Stephenson, a researcher at UniSA, emphasizes that teachers need more support in designing interactive and meaningful lessons that promote deep learning. “The greater the engagement, the deeper the learning. Deep learning helps organize knowledge into conceptual frameworks, enhancing memory and learning outcomes. It also develops innovative thinking. Even small adjustments to lesson plans and teaching techniques can significantly boost student engagement and overall performance,” he explains. At a base level, teachers should consider how they can adjust their existing classroom activities so that more tasks are on the deeper end of learning. For instance, watching a video can be done in various ways: students can watch it passively, take notes using the speaker’s words (active engagement), write questions based on the video’s content (constructive engagement), or watch and discuss the video in a group to generate new ideas (interactive engagement). “Interactive learning motivates students to engage more deeply by making judgments, discussing ideas, and cooperating on solutions,” Dr. Stephenson says. Interestingly, many teachers seem not to know or fully appreciate the importance of how their lesson tasks can stimulate (激发) different modes of student engagement. “Even changing class activities from ‘active’ to ‘constructive’ can go a long way towards improving student leaning,” Dr. Stephenson says. “Teachers should undertake professional development to transform their thinking towards practices that support deeper-learning and better outcomes for students.” 1. What does the underlined word “superficial” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. Interactive. B. Devoted. C. Shallow. D. Accurate. 2. What do education experts advise teachers to do? A. Frequently assess student outcomes. B. Involve students in active learning. C. Increase the use of videos in class. D. Promote students’ planning skills. 3. What can be learned about current class activities? A. They prevent students from distraction. B. They help develop students’ team spirit. C. They make for students’ deep thinking. D. They are in urgent need of transformation. 4. Which activity can improve student performance best? A. Viewing videos. B. Class debates. C. Reading competitions. D. Retelling exercises. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明现在学校的课堂活动学生参与度很低，被动学习，需要改变。专家建议教师设计互动参与形式的课堂活动，从而使学生可以深度思考和学习。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的解释“simple questions and answers, taking notes, or listening to teachers(简单的问答、记笔记或听老师讲课)”及下文“rather than activities that engage students on a deeper level.(而不是让学生参与更深层次的活动)”可知，该词应该是“简单的，浅显的，表面的”之意，与后面的deeper level意思相反。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Education experts at the University of South Australia remind teachers that high engagement leads to high returns when it comes to improving student performance.(南澳大利亚大学的教育专家提醒教师，在提高学生表现方面，高参与度会带来高回报)”及第三段“Dr. Stephenson, a researcher at UniSA, emphasizes that teachers need more support in designing interactive and meaningful lessons that promote deep learning.(南澳大学的研究员斯蒂芬森博士强调，教师在设计促进深度学习的互动和有意义的课程时需要更多的支持)”可推测，专家们建议教师们在课堂上多设计互动的活动，让学生积极参与课堂主动学习，而不是被动听课。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Filming and assessing the content of classrooms across South Australia and Victoria, researchers found in a new study that nearly 70% of student tasks involved superficial learning – simple questions and answers, taking notes, or listening to teachers — rather than activities that engage students on a deeper level. Less than a third of teachers are engaging students in complex learning, limiting student opportunities for critical thinking and problem solving.(研究人员对南澳大利亚州和维多利亚州的课堂内容进行了拍摄和评估，他们在一项新研究中发现，近70%的学生任务都是肤浅的学习——简单的问答、记笔记或听老师讲课——而不是让学生参与更深层次的活动。只有不到三分之一的教师让学生参与复杂的学习，这限制了学生批判性思维和解决问题的机会)”及最后一段“Teachers should undertake professional development to transform their thinking towards practices that support deeper-learning and better outcomes for students.(教师应该进行专业发展，将他们的思维转变为实践，支持更深入的学习，为学生带来更好的结果)”可推测，作者认为现在的课堂活动太简单不能使学生积极参与课堂学习，限制了学生批判性思维和解决问题的机会；由此可知，当前的课堂活动迫切需要改变。故选D项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段末“or watch and discuss the video in a group to generate new ideas (interactive engagement)(或者在小组中观看和讨论视频以产生新的想法（互动参与）)”及“Interactive learning motivates students to engage more deeply by making judgments, discussing ideas, and cooperating on solutions(互动式学习通过做出判断、讨论想法和合作解决方案，激励学生更深入地参与其中)”可知，课堂讨论是互动参与的活动，可以使学生学习效果更好。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南郑州·期末） Lab-grown chicken is finally making its way onto menus in the United States. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has recently given permission for selling cultured (培养的) meat produced by GOOD Meat and UPSIDE Foods, marking a significant breakthrough for the cultured meat industry. These companies are able to grow small amounts of chicken cells into meat without the need for traditional slaughter (屠宰). However, it’s important to note that this permission is currently limited to chicken products. Both companies still require additional permission to market cell-cultured beef, pork or seafood. Concerns have been growing among Americans about traditional meat production, which contributes to about 3.5% of global carbon emissions and can encourage antibiotic-resistant (耐抗生素的) bacteria growth. Additionally, it pollutes waterways with animal waste. And the animals themselves often live relatively short lives in cages. “The current methods of traditional meat production are at the root of many environmental issues,” says GOOD Meat CEO Josh Tetrick. Despite these concerns, meat remains a significant part of many people’s diets due to cultural, traditional and nutritional reasons. Cultured meat companies position themselves as producing sustainable and proper meat, aiming to provide meat lovers with a guilt-free choice that satisfies their desire for tasty food. The production process for lab-grown meat is relatively straightforward, with the main challenge lying in building sufficient production facilities. Both companies, now armed with USDA and FDA permission, can focus on expanding to produce enough cell-cultured meat to meet the demand. At the beginning, lab-grown chicken will only be available at select restaurants, including Bar Crenn in San Francisco and a restaurant owned by chef José Andrés in Washington. 1. What can be known about lab-grown chicken? A. It is grown from chicken cells. B. It grows from artificial materials. C. It is cheap to produce and process. D. It tastes better than regular chicken. 2. What is the problem with traditional meat production? A. Animals live in crowded cages. B. Consumer demand can’t be met. C. The procedure is not eco-friendly. D. It is considered outdated by factories. 3. What are cultured meat companies going to do? A. Improve the meat taste. B. Gain government approval. C. Cooperate with restaurants. D. Increase their productivity. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Cultured meat permitted for sale in the US. B. A breakthrough in cultured meat technology. C. The impact of cultured meat on eating habits. D. Environmental issues caused by meat production. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国农业部批准了销售由GOOD Meat和UPSIDE Foods生产的人造肉，这标志着人造肉行业取得了重大突破，文章介绍了人造肉的制造过程以及优点。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“These companies are able to grow small amounts of chicken cells into meat without the need for traditional slaughter (屠宰).(这些公司能够在不需要传统屠宰的情况下，将少量的鸡细胞培育成肉)”可知，实验室培养的鸡是从鸡的细胞中培养出来的。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Concerns have been growing among Americans about traditional meat production, which contributes to about 3.5% of global carbon emissions and can encourage antibiotic-resistant (耐抗生素的) bacteria growth.(美国人对传统肉类生产的担忧越来越大，这占全球碳排放量的3.5%，并可能鼓励抗生素耐药性细菌的生长)”可知，传统的肉类生产过程不环保。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The production process for lab-grown meat is relatively straightforward, with the main challenge lying in building sufficient production facilities. Both companies, now armed with USDA and FDA permission, can focus on expanding to produce enough cell-cultured meat to meet the demand.(实验室培育肉的生产过程相对简单，主要挑战在于建造足够的生产设施。这两家公司现在都获得了美国农业部和美国食品和药物管理局的许可，可以专注于扩大生产足够的细胞培养肉来满足需求)”可知，人造肉公司要提高他们的生产力。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Lab-grown chicken is finally making its way onto menus in the United States.(实验室培育的鸡肉终于进入了美国的菜单)”结合文章主要说明了美国农业部批准了销售由GOOD Meat和UPSIDE Foods生产的人造肉，这标志着人造肉行业取得了重大突破可知，这篇文章的主要内容是在美国允许出售人造肉。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·河南新乡·期末） The first thing most of us do when working with people from a new culture is to learn about differences. And there are very sensible reasons to do so. It helps you avoid cultural misunderstandings. But focusing on differences alone can have its downsides. For one thing, there’s a likely chance you’ll be wrong. Focusing on differences can also be quite mentally taxing. So, if you don’t focus on differences, what then can you do to be more effective across cultures? In our experience, an equally reasonable and highly effective alternative technique is to focus on similarities. And this change in perspective can have some pretty powerful effects. If you think about it, this is probably exactly how you establish connections and relationships in your own culture. You don’t approach a person thinking about all the potential ways you could be different; instead, you naturally gravitate to similarities, finding things you might have in common to form the basis of a relationship. Although we tend to approach cross-cultural interactions quite differently, the same technique actually works just as well across cultures. When focused on similarities, you’re open to — and, in fact, looking for — a potential connection. Perhaps it’s a hobby you share in common with a coworker, or maybe both of you at a business meeting abroad have families you’re trying to connect with. By focusing on similarities you have the power to create connections and build relationships that either eliminate cultural differences or make them irrelevant. Another advantage of this approach is that your coworkers are more likely to feel that you see them as an individual. On the other hand, focusing on similarities means you are suited to the particularities of the specific person you are interacting with. This is more likely to result in the other party feeling seen and heard for who they are, and can kick off a positive lift of mutual (相互的) openness and trust. 1. Why do people focus on differences in a multicultural company? A. To emphasize their own culture. B. To reduce unnecessary troubles. C. To take advantage of other culture. D. To make the workplace multicultural. 2. What’s the significance of focusing on similarities in a multicultural company? A. The origin of the hobbies. B. The start of work efficiency. C. The foundation of connections. D. The improvement of your family. 3. What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Maintain. B. Strengthen. C. Remove. D. Worsen. 4. Which is the advantage of focusing on similarities in the last paragraph? A. Making others feel valued. B. Making yourself centred. C. Indicating your interest. D. Making others adapt to your culture. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在多文化公司中，人们应该更多地关注相似之处而不是差异。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The first thing most of us do when working with people from a new culture is to learn about differences. And there are very sensible reasons to do so. It helps you avoid cultural misunderstandings.(当我们与来自新文化的人合作时，我们大多数人做的第一件事就是了解差异。这样做有一些非常明智的理由。它有助于你避免文化误解。)”可知，在多元文化公司中，人们关注差异是为了减少不必要的麻烦。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“You don’t approach a person thinking about all the potential ways you could be different; instead, you naturally gravitate to similarities, finding things you might have in common to form the basis of a relationship.(当你接近一个人时，你不会思考你们所有可能不同的地方；相反，你会自然地被相似性所吸引，找到你们可能共有的东西，以此作为关系的基础。)”可知，在多元文化公司中关注相似性可以建立联系的基础。故选C。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词句上文“You don’t approach a person thinking about all the potential ways you could be different; instead, you naturally gravitate to similarities, finding things you might have in common to form the basis of a relationship.(你不会在接近一个人时就去想你们之间所有可能的不同之处；相反，你会自然而然地被相似之处所吸引，寻找你们可能共有的东西，作为建立关系的基础。)”可知，通过关注相似性，你有能力创造联系并建立关系，从而消除文化差异或使它们变得无关紧要，由此可知，eliminate意为“消除”，与选项C“Remove”意思相近。故选C。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Another advantage of this approach is that your coworkers are more likely to feel that you see them as an individual.(这种方法的另一个优点是，你的同事更有可能觉得你把他们当作个体来看待。)”等内容可知，关注相似性的优势是让别人感到被重视。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南兰考·期末） Over the last decade, some European countries and the U. S. have replaced high-energy sodium streetlights with energy-saving LED lights which emit blue light. Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission, there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand. Earlier this year, the World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a paper that warned of the potential effects of LED lighting on mental illnesses. It raised concerns about the influence of blue light on sleep, use of digital healthcare apps and devices, and the higher sensitivity to blue light. “I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression. What I was slower to realize was that too much and poorly-timed exposure could have harmful effects on mental states and the sleep-wake cycle.” said John Gottlieb, Professor of Psychiatry and author of the paper. As we all know, melatonin (褪黑素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock. According to the paper, however, blue light prevents melatonin secretion (分泌), which disturbs sleep and affects quality of life, physical and mental health. Besides, it also shows a clear and consistent relationship between sleep disorders and frequency of digital device usage. If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app, and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes, for example, and they do this before bed, it could do harm to their sleep and health. Consequently, the National Sleep Foundation guidelines suggest not using technology 3 minutes before bed and removing technology from the bedroom. However, there are no specific guidelines for people with a potential mental illness. Now, scientists, health professionals and the LED industry are working to minimize the blue light in LED bulbs and create personalized lights that won’t harm those suffering from mental disorders. 1. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1? A. To present the topic of blue light. B. To give an example of streetlights. C. To criticize the use of blue light. D. To compare two kinds of lights. 2. Which statement is true according to Gottlieb’s paper? A. People should keep away from digital devices. B. Mental diseases are possibly caused by LED lights. C. Blue light has practical applications in medical field. D. Gottlieb initially realized the harmful effects of blue light. 3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Melatonin is vital to regular sleep. B. How blue light affects human health. C. Why smartphones shouldn’t be used before sleep. D. Sleep disorders are related to digital device usage. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Is blue light making us ill? B. Can we get rid of blue light? C. Why does blue light hurt our health? D. How do we benefit from LED lights? 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了LED照明中的蓝光对人类健康的潜在影响，特别是对睡眠和精神状态的影响，以及正在进行的努力来减少这种影响。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Over the last decade, some European countries and the U. S. have replaced high-energy sodium streetlights with energy-saving LED lights which emit blue light. Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission, there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand. (在过去的十年里，一些欧洲国家和美国已经用发出蓝光的节能LED灯取代了高能量的钠路灯。虽然这是为了响应减少能源使用和减少碳排放的迫切需要，但人们越来越担心蓝光可能对人类健康产生负面影响，而我们尚未完全了解。)”以及全文内容可知，文章第一段提出本文的主题——蓝光是否对人类的健康有影响。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段““I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression. What I was slower to realize was that too much and poorly-timed exposure could have harmful effects on mental states and the sleep-wake cycle.” said John Gottlieb, Professor of Psychiatry and author of the paper.(“我已经清楚地看到，额外的蓝光照射对抑郁症患者非常有帮助。我慢慢意识到的是，过多和不恰当的时间暴露会对精神状态和睡眠-觉醒周期产生有害影响。”精神病学教授、论文作者John Gottlieb说。)”可知，论文作者认为额外的蓝光照射对抑郁症患者非常有帮助，也就是蓝光在医疗领域有实际应用。故选C。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“As we all know, melatonin (褪黑素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock. According to the paper, however, blue light prevents melatonin secretion (分泌), which disturbs sleep and affects quality of life, physical and mental health. Besides, it also shows a clear and consistent relationship between sleep disorders and frequency of digital device usage. If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app, and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes, for example, and they do this before bed, it could do harm to their sleep and health.(众所周知，褪黑素是调节生物钟的基础。然而，根据这篇论文，蓝光会阻止褪黑激素的分泌，褪黑激素会扰乱睡眠，影响生活质量和身心健康。此外，它还显示了睡眠障碍与数字设备使用频率之间的明确和一致的关系。例如，如果医生给一个人开了一款自我监控应用，并要求他用智能手机记录情绪变化，而且他们在睡觉前这么做，这可能会损害他们的睡眠和健康。)”可知，第四段主要讲述的是蓝光如何影响人类健康，特别是如何影响褪黑素的分泌，进而干扰睡眠和影响生活质量、身体和心理健康。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Over the last decade, some European countries and the U. S. have replaced high-energy sodium streetlights with energy-saving LED lights which emit blue light. Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission, there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand. (在过去的十年里，一些欧洲国家和美国已经用发出蓝光的节能LED灯取代了高能量的钠路灯。虽然这是为了响应减少能源使用和减少碳排放的迫切需要，但人们越来越担心蓝光可能对人类健康产生负面影响，而我们尚未完全了解。)”以及第二段“Earlier this year, the World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a paper that warned of the potential effects of LED lighting on mental illnesses. It raised concerns about the influence of blue light on sleep, use of digital healthcare apps and devices, and the higher sensitivity to blue light. (今年早些时候，《世界生物精神病学杂志》发表了一篇论文，警告LED照明对精神疾病的潜在影响。它引发了人们对蓝光对睡眠的影响、数字医疗应用程序和设备的使用以及对蓝光的更高敏感度的担忧。)”，再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了LED照明中的蓝光对人类健康的潜在影响，特别是对睡眠和精神状态的影响，因此A选项“Is blue light making us ill? (蓝光让我们生病了吗？)”是一个合适的标题，它准确地概括了文章的主题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南驻马店·期末） Gout (痛风) is often associated with drinking too much or not eating healthily enough, but new research suggests genetics play more of a factor in developing the arthritic (患关节炎的) condition than previously thought. The research, carried out by an international team of scientists, looked at genetic data collected from 2.6 million people across 2 different groups of DNA data. That number included 10,25 people with “prevalent gout”. By comparing the genetic codes of the people with gout against the people without, the team found 377 specific DNA regions where there were variations specific to having the condition —32 of which hadn’t been previously linked to gout. While lifestyle and environmental factors are certainly still in play, the findings suggest genetics play a major role in determining whether or not someone gets gout — and the researchers think there may be more undiscovered genetic links still to be found, too. “Gout is a disease with a genetic basis and is not the fault of the sufferer — the myth that gout is caused by lifestyle or diet needs to be broken,” says epidemiologist Tony Merriman, from the University of Otago in New Zealand. Gout can come and go, but there are treatments available — and the authors behind the new study think misconceptions can put people off getting those treatments. That’s a real problem with cases of the condition rising and rising. “This widespread myth causes shame in people with gout, making some people more likely to suffer in silence and not go and see the doctor to get a preventive drug that lowers urate (尿酸) in the blood and will prevent their pain.” says Merriman. There are some limitations to the study: the majority of the data was from people of Europeans, and some records relied on the self-reporting of gout rather than the data from hospital. Nevertheless, it gives us a much better sense of a health problem that’s been making people suffering for centuries. “We hope that, in time, better and more accessible treatments will become available with the new targets we identified.” says Merriman. 1. What is the new finding of the research on gout? A. It is caused by diet. B. It is just a myth. C. Genetics play a major role. D. Lifestyle causes it. 2. Why are people with gout unwilling to see the doctor according to Merriman? A. False belief in the cause of gout. B. Lack of confidence in themselves. C. Preference for preventive drugs. D. Doubt of effectiveness of treatments. 3. Which is the limitation of the study? A. Insufficient funds. B. Unscientific data. C. Ineffective methods. D. Undesirable conditions. 4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to the research? A. Doubtful. B. Tolerant. C. Indifferent. D. Objective. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了痛风通常与饮酒过多或饮食不健康有关，但新的研究表明，遗传因素在关节炎发病中的作用比以前认为的要大。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Gout (痛风) is often associated with drinking too much or not eating healthily enough, but new research suggests genetics play more of a factor in developing the arthritic (患关节炎的) condition than previously thought.( 痛风通常与饮酒过多或饮食不健康有关，但新的研究表明，遗传因素在关节炎发病中的作用比以前认为的要大。)”以及第四段中“While lifestyle and environmental factors are certainly still in play, the findings suggest genetics play a major role in determining whether or not someone gets gout(虽然生活方式和环境因素肯定仍在发挥作用，但研究结果表明，基因在决定一个人是否患上痛风方面起着重要作用。)”可知，新的研究表明，虽然生活方式和环境因素仍然起作用，但遗传在决定一个人是否患痛风方面起着主要作用。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“Gout can come and go, but there are treatments available— and the authors behind the new study think misconceptions can put people off getting those treatments.( 痛风来来去去，但有治疗方法——这项新研究的作者认为，误解会使人们不愿接受这些治疗。)”以及第七段““This widespread myth causes shame in people with gout, making some people more likely to suffer in silence and not go and see the doctor to get a preventive drug that lowers urate (尿酸) in the blood and will prevent their pain.” says Merriman.( 这种普遍存在的误解让痛风患者感到羞耻，使一些人更有可能默默忍受，不去看医生，服用降低血液中尿酸的预防药物，从而预防疼痛。梅里曼说。)”可知，认为痛风是由生活方式或饮食引起的这种普遍的错误观念让痛风患者感到羞愧，导致他们更可能默默忍受痛苦而不去看医生，所以是对痛风病因的错误认知导致痛风患者不愿意看医生。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There are some limitations to the study: the majority of the data was from people of Europeans, and some records relied on the self-reporting of gout rather than the data from hospital.( 这项研究有一些局限性：大多数数据来自欧洲人，一些记录依赖于痛风的自我报告，而不是来自医院的数据。)”可知，这项研究的局限性在于大多数数据来自欧洲人，并且一些记录依赖于痛风患者的自我报告而不是医院的数据，这说明数据不够科学。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段““We hope that, in time, better and more accessible treatments will become available with the new targets we identified.” says Merriman.(“我们希望，随着时间的推移，我们确定的新目标将提供更好、更容易获得的治疗方法。梅里曼说。)”可知，文章客观地介绍了关于痛风的新研究，包括研究的方法、发现、意义以及研究的局限性，作者没有表达自己对研究的怀疑（Doubtful）、宽容（Tolerant）或冷漠（Indifferent）的态度，而是以客观的态度呈现相关信息。所以D选项“Objective.”（客观的）正确。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南新乡·期末） Have you ever wondered what chickens are talking about? Chickens are quite the communicators — their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system. These sounds are their way of interacting with the world and expressing joy, fear, and social connection to one another. Like humans, the “language” of chickens varies with age, environment, and surprisingly, domestication (驯化), giving us insights into their social structures and behaviours. Understanding these sounds can transform our approach to poultry (家禽) farming, enhancing chicken welfare and quality of life. Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens. It’s a project that is set to revolutionize our understanding of these feathered creatures and their communication methods, offering a window into their world that was previously closed to us. The use of AI and machine learning is like having a universal translator for chicken speech. AI can analyze vast amounts of audio data. Our algorithms (算法) are learning to recognize patterns and tiny differences in chicken sounds. This isn’t a simple task — chickens have a range of sounds that vary in pitch, tone, and context. But by using advanced data analysis techniques, we’re beginning to crack their code. This breakthrough in animal communication is not just a scientific achievement; it’s a step towards more humane and empathetic treatment of farm animals. One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed? Are they content? By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment. This project isn’t just about academic curiosity; it has real-world implications. We’re not only unlocking the secrets of avian (鸟类的) communication but also setting new standards for animal welfare. 1. What can be learned about chickens? A. They are communicative. B. They behave randomly. C. They lack emotions. D. They talk oddly. 2. What benefit will chickens get from the project? A. Better food quality. B. Faster growth rates. C. Better care. D. Enhanced social skills. 3. What is a highlight of the research? A. Revealing chickens’ behaviours. B. Understanding chickens’ emotions. C. Analyzing chickens’ living environment. D. Discovering advanced feeding methods. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Enhancing animal health with AI. B. The secret of chickens’ life. C. Unlocking chickens’ language with AI. D. The future of poultry farming. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述达尔豪斯大学用AI解码鸡的语言，了解其情绪，助力动物福利提升。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Chickens are quite the communicators— their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system.(鸡是相当善于交流的动物 —— 它们的咯咯声、尖叫声和呼噜声不仅仅是随意发出的声音，而是一个复杂的语言系统。)”可知，鸡是善于交流的。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed? Are they content? By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.(这项研究最令人兴奋的方面之一是理解这些声音背后的情感内容。它们有压力吗？它们满足吗？通过了解它们的情绪状态，我们可以在对它们的照顾和生活环境方面做出更明智的决定。)”可知，通过这个项目，能更好地了解鸡的情绪状态，从而能给予它们更好的照顾。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed? Are they content? By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.(这项研究最令人兴奋的方面之一是理解这些声音背后的情感内容。它们有压力吗？它们满足吗？通过了解它们的情绪状态，我们可以在对它们的照顾和生活环境方面做出更明智的决定。)”可知，这项研究的一个亮点是理解鸡的情绪。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens.(我们在达尔豪斯大学的研究应用人工智能（AI）来解码鸡的语言。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了通过人工智能来解码鸡的语言这一研究。而C选项Unlocking chickens’ language with AI.(用人工智能解锁鸡的语言)符合文章主旨。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·河南焦作·期末） Humans and horses have enjoyed strong working relationships for nearly 3,000 years. Can these age-old relationships teach us something about building robots? Researchers at the University of Florida carried out research and said yes. “As we work to improve how humans communicate with robots, I thought why not learn from our partnership with horses to help solve the problem of natural interaction between humans and robots?” said Eakta Jain, an associate professor of computer and information science and engineering. Looking at our history with animals to help shape our future with robots is nothing new. But Jain and her colleagues are the first to do on-the-ground field studies with horses. Jain first reached out to Joel McQuagge, who managed the UF Horse Teaching Unit. He provided Jain with full access, so Jain spent months observing classes. She interviewed and observed horse experts, including horse trainers and owners. Jain’s notes resulted in findings and design ideas that can be applied by robot designers. “Some of the findings are easy to visualize, while others are not very specific,” Jain said. “For example, we learned that a horse speaks with its body. You can see its ears pointing to where something caught its attention. We could build similar types of expressions without speech in our robots, like ears that point to something visual in the car when there’s a person walking on that side of the street.” A groundbreaking finding is the sense of respect. When a trainer works with a horse, he looks for signs of respect from the horse for its human partner. “We don’t typically think about respect in the situation of human-robot interaction,” Jain says. “We can design behaviors similar to what the horse uses. Maybe that will make humans more willing to work with the robot.” 1. What is Jain’s basic idea for the research? A. Robots can have an influence on horse training. B. Humans can communicate with horses better. C. Robots may bring more changes to humans. D. Human-horse relationships may help improve robots. 2. How did Jain carry out her research? A. She interviewed engineers and robot designers. B. She worked with horse experts for observations. C. She discussed her design with robot and horse experts. D. She checked historical records of human-horse partnerships. 3. What lesson can robot designers draw from Jain’s findings? A. Body language can be designed into robots. B. Robots may better understand non-speech instructions. C. Humans should learn to show respect for robots. D. Robots can perform better than horses in locating things. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. How Can We Get on Well with Robots? B. Could Robots Replace Horses in the Future? C. Robots Make Efforts to Learn from Horses D. Learn from Horses, Build Better Robots 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员通过观察马与人类之间的互动关系，认为在建造机器人时可以在非语言交流和尊重等方面借鉴一些经验。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段““As we work to improve how humans communicate with robots, I thought why not learn from our partnership with horses to help solve the problem of natural interaction between humans and robots?” said Eakta Jain, an associate professor of computer and information science and engineering.(“当我们努力改善人类与机器人的交流方式时，我想为什么不从我们与马的合作中学习，帮助解决人类与机器人之间的自然互动问题呢?”计算机与信息科学与工程副教授Eakta Jain说)”可知，Jain研究的基本思想是人与马的关系可能有助于改进机器人。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jain spent months observing classes. She interviewed and observed horse experts(Jain花了几个月的时间观察课程。她采访并观察了马专家)”可知，Jain花了几个月的时间在马匹教学课上进行观察，并且她采访了马匹专家，即她与这些人合作实地开展研究，获得观测结果。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We could build similar types of expressions without speech in our robots, like ears that point to something visual in the car when there’s a person walking on that side of the street.(我们可以让机器人在没有语言的情况下建立类似的表情，比如当有人走在街道的另一边时，它们的耳朵会指向车内的视觉物体)”可推知，可以模仿马的行为在机器人中建立类似的无语言表达，即肢体语言可以被设计成机器人。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“As we work to improve how humans communicate with robots, I thought why not learn from our partnership with horses to help solve the problem of natural interaction between humans and robots?(当我们致力于改善人类与机器人的交流方式时，我想为什么不从我们与马的合作中学习，来帮助解决人类与机器人之间的自然互动问题呢？)”可知，文章主要介绍了通过观察马与人类之间的互动关系，研究人员认为在建造机器人时可以借鉴一些经验，由此可知D项“向马学习，造更好的机器人”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·河南开封·期末） The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has brought the remarkable capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) into the spotlight, particularly in the field of protein structure prediction. This year’s award celebrated the development of AlphaFold, an AI tool created by DeepMind, which has transformed our ability to understand proteins — the fundamental building blocks of life. Proteins, composed of chains of amino acids (氨基酸), are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs in the human body. Traditionally, determining a protein’s 3D structure was a time-consuming process that could take years of meticulous work. However, AlphaFold has revolutionized this field by predicting protein structures from their amino acid sequences in mere minutes. AlphaFold’s success lies in its use of deep learning algorithms (算法) that can identify patterns in vast amounts of data. It has been trained on extensive databases of known protein structures and amino acid sequences, allowing it to predict over 200 million protein structures. This includes nearly all cataloged proteins known to science, from humans to plants, bacteria, animals, and other organisms. The impact of AlphaFold is not just limited to theoretical science; it has practical applications in drug and vaccine development. For example, AlphaFold played a crucial role in advancing research for a malaria vaccine. By accurately predicting the structure of a key protein, AlphaFold enabled scientists to identify which parts of the protein to target in the vaccine, thus accelerating the research from fundamental science to preclinical and clinical development stages. Moreover, AlphaFold’s open-source nature allows academic scientists to predict protein interactions, which is crucial for understanding how proteins behave in the presence of potential drugs. This advancement not only accelerates biomedical research but also has the potential to improve our understanding of antibiotic resistance and contribute to the development of enzymes that can decompose plastic, addressing environmental concerns. With AlphaFold demonstrating how AI can supercharge existing knowledge to benefit mankind, the possibilities of AI in scientific research are vast and hold the promise of further breakthroughs that could change the world. 1. Why was AlphaFold celebrated by the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry? A. It quickly predicts protein structures. B. It simplifies amino acid analysis. C. It invents new protein functions. D. It reduces lab work for proteins. 2. How does AlphaFold achieve its success in predicting protein structures? A. By using traditional methods. B. By relying on a small database. C. By employing deep learning algorithms. D. By identifying patterns of proteins. 3. What practical application of AlphaFold is mentioned in the passage? A. Developing drugs to cure malaria. B. Speeding up the development of a malaria vaccine. C. Enhancing antibiotic resistance in plants. D. Predicting the structure of plastic-decomposing enzymes. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Rise of AI in Biological Science B. AlphaFold: Unlocking the Secrets of Proteins C. The Nobel Prize and the Future of AI in Science D. The Evolution of Protein Structure Research 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AlphaFold在蛋白质结构预测领域的革命性贡献及其对药物研发等实际应用的影响。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This year’s award celebrated the development of AlphaFold, an AI tool created by DeepMind, which has transformed our ability to understand proteins — the fundamental building blocks of life.(今年的奖项庆祝了AlphaFold的发展，这是一款由DeepMind创建的 AI 工具，它彻底改变了我们理解蛋白质的能力——蛋白质是生命的基本构建块)”及第二段中“However, AlphaFold has revolutionized this field by predicting protein structures from their amino acid sequences in mere minutes.(然而，AlphaFold通过仅需几分钟即可根据氨基酸序列预测蛋白质结构，彻底革新了这一领域)”可知，AlphaFold因其能够快速预测蛋白质结构而被2023年诺贝尔化学奖表彰。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“AlphaFold’s success lies in its use of deep learning algorithms (算法) that can identify patterns in vast amounts of data.(AlphaFold的成功在于它使用了能够识别大量数据中模式的深度学习算法)”可知，AlphaFold通过采用深度学习算法来成功预测蛋白质结构。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The impact of AlphaFold is not just limited to theoretical science; it has practical applications in drug and vaccine development. For example, AlphaFold played a crucial role in advancing research for a malaria vaccine. (AlphaFold的影响不仅限于理论科学；它在药物和疫苗开发方面也有实际应用。例如，AlphaFold在推进疟疾疫苗研究方面发挥了至关重要的作用)”可知，文章中提到的AlphaFold的实际应用是加速疟疾疫苗的研发。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段中“This year’s award celebrated the development of AlphaFold, an AI tool created by DeepMind, which has transformed our ability to understand proteins — the fundamental building blocks of life.(今年的奖项庆祝了AlphaFold的发展，这是一款由DeepMind创建的 AI 工具，它彻底改变了我们理解蛋白质的能力——蛋白质是生命的基本构建块)”可知，文章主要介绍了AlphaFold如何通过深度学习算法预测蛋白质结构，并在科学研究和实际应用中产生重大影响，B选项“AlphaFold：揭开蛋白质的秘密”最能概括文章的中心内容，因此是最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·河南新蔡·期末） An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes. Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 30 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets. 1. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry? A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers. C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability. 2. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do? A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle. C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes. 3. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle? A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better. C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life. 4. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey? A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor. C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $