Unit 2语法专项讲练：现在完成时（2） 2025-2026学年外研版英语（2024）八年级上册

语法专项聚焦 现在完成时（2） 1. 现在完成时的用法 表示过去某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在。此时通常与表示一段时间的状态连用，这类状语通常由 for 或 since 引导，如“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”或“since 引导的从句（一般过去时）”“since + 一段时间 + ago”等。 例如： · I have lived here for ten years. 我已经住在这里 10 年了。（从 10 年前开始，持续到现在还住在这里） · I have lived here since 2015. 自从 2015 年以来我就住在这里了。（从 2015 年开始，持续到现在还住在这里） 注意： ① for 后接时间段，since 后接过去的时间点或从句。 ② 对 for 或 since 引导的时间状语提问用 how long。 例如： — How long have you lived here? 你住在这里多久了？ — For six years./Since six years ago. 六年了。/自从六年前（就住在这里）。 2. 句中谓语动词的特点 与表示一段时间的状语连用的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的短语（否定句除外）。 例如： (1) 这本书我已经买了 3 年了。 错误：I’ve bought the book for three years. 正确：I’ve had the book for three years. (2) 你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 错误：How long has your brother joined the army? 正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 3. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 (1) 含义： · 延续性动词表示能够持续的动作，强调经过、经历，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 · 非延续性动词表示不能持续的动作，强调行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词。 例如： · I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历） · He has finished the work. 他已完成了那项工作。（表结果） (2) 用法： ① 常见的延续性动词有 learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”“since 引导的从句（一般过去时）”“since + 一段时间 + ago”等。 例如： · He has worked here for 10 years. 他在这里工作 10 年了。 · He has worked here since 10 years ago. 自从 10 年前他就在这里工作了。 (3) 非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词或表示状态的动词短语之间的转换： ① 非延续性动词（短语）转换为相应的延续性动词（短语）。 例如： become → be borrow → keep buy → have put on → wear get to know → know catch a cold → have a cold ② 非延续性动词（短语）转换为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词等”。 例如： begin/start → be on go out → be out die → be dead open → be open leave → be away finish → be over fall ill → be ill get up → be up fall asleep → be asleep get to/arrive in/reach → be in join → be in/be a member of make friends → be friends come/go → be + 相应的介词短语 例如： · I borrowed the book 5 days ago. = I have kept the book since 5 days ago. 我借了这本书 5 天了。 · The old man died 4 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 4 years. 那位老人去世 4 年了。 现在完成时（2）专项习题 一、 for 与 since 辨析 用 for 或 since 填空。 1. I have studied English ________ eight years. 2. She has lived in Shanghai ________ 2018. 3. We have been friends ________ we were children. 4. He has worked in this company ________ a long time. 5. They have been married ________ ten years. 6. I haven't seen him ________ last Monday. 7. My brother has had this bike ________ three months. 8. It has rained ________ two hours. 9. Mr. Wang has taught in our school ________ he graduated. 10. The meeting has been on ________ half an hour. 二、 延续性动词与非延续性动词转换 改写下列句子，使其语法正确。（使用括号中给出的提示词） 1. His grandfather died two years ago. (be dead for) _________________________________________________________ 2. I bought this computer three days ago. (have for) _________________________________________________________ 3. The film began twenty minutes ago. (be on for) _________________________________________________________ 4. He left his hometown five years ago. (be away from for) _________________________________________________________ 5. She borrowed this book last week. (keep since) _________________________________________________________ 6. My brother joined the army in 2020. (be in since) _________________________________________________________ 7. The meeting finished an hour ago. (be over for) _________________________________________________________ 8. I got to know her in 2021. (know since) _________________________________________________________ 9. He arrived in Beijing last month. (be in for) _________________________________________________________ 10. The store opened at 9:00 am. (be open for) 三、 How long 提问及其回答 根据括号中的提示，回答下列问题。 1. — How long have you learned English? (for 6 years) — _________________________________________________________ 2. — How long has your father worked in that company? (since 2015) — _________________________________________________________ 3. — How long has she been ill? (since last Friday) — _________________________________________________________ 4. — How long have they been married? (for 15 years) — _________________________________________________________ 5. — How long has the baby slept? (for two hours) — _________________________________________________________ 四、 改正句子 下列每个句子都有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. I have bought this bike for two years. _________________________________________________________ 2. He has come here since 9 o'clock. _________________________________________________________ 3. How long has your brother joined the club? _________________________________________________________ 4. She has died for ten years. _________________________________________________________ 5. The train has left for half an hour. _________________________________________________________ 6. I have borrowed this book since last month. _________________________________________________________ 7. He has finished his homework for two hours. _________________________________________________________ 8. They have got married since 2020. _________________________________________________________ 9. How long has the film begun? _________________________________________________________ 10. My sister has become a teacher for three years. _________________________________________________________ 五、 语法填空 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空（现在完成时）。 1. Mr. Smith ________ (work) in this factory since he came to China. 2. I ________ (know) Li Ming for more than ten years. 3. The Browns ________ (live) in London for twenty years. 4. How long ________ you ________ (have) this camera? 5. She ________ (be) ill since last Wednesday. 6. The concert ________ (be) on for half an hour. 7. We ________ (not see) each other since we graduated from college. 8. How long ________ your parents ________ (be) married? 9. He ________ (keep) this book for two weeks. 10. The old man ________ (be) dead for three years. 答案 一、 for 与 since 辨析 1. for 2. since 3. since 4. for 5. for 6. since 7. for 8. for 9. since 10. for 二、 延续性动词与非延续性动词转换 1. His grandfather has been dead for two years. 2. I have had this computer for three days. 3. The film has been on for twenty minutes. 4. He has been away from his hometown for five years. 5. She has kept this book since last week. 6. My brother has been in the army since 2020. 7. The meeting has been over for an hour. 8. I have known her since 2021. 9. He has been in Beijing for a month. 10. The store has been open for... (根据上下文补充具体时长，如：two hours) 三、 How long 提问及其回答 1. I have learned English for 6 years. 2. He has worked in that company since 2015. 3. She has been ill since last Friday. 4. They have been married for 15 years. 5. The baby has slept for two hours. 四、 改正句子 1. I have had this bike for two years. 2. He has been here since 9 o'clock. 3. How long has your brother been in the club? 4. She has been dead for ten years. 5. The train has been away for half an hour. / The train left half an hour ago. 6. I have kept this book since last month. 7. He finished his homework two hours ago. / It has been two hours since he finished his homework. 8. They have been married since 2020. 9. How long has the film been on? 10. My sister has been a teacher for three years. 五、 语法填空 1. has worked 2. have known 3. have lived 4. have, had 5. has been 6. has been 7. haven't seen 8. have, been 9. has kept 10. has been 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $