Unit 5 Poems 知识点（核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式+词性转换+常用表达）清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

该高中英语选必三Unit5知识清单全面梳理了单元核心内容，涵盖核心词汇、重点短语、核心句式、词性转换及写作常用表达五大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础词汇短语积累到句式结构运用再到综合写作输出的递进式学习架构。 清单采用“核心含义+搭配+例句”的分层设计呈现词汇短语，通过“结构解析+实例应用”构建句式体系，如定语从句标注“why引导原因状语”并配生活实例，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“词性转换链条”（如correspond→correspondence）和“写作功能句型库”（如诗歌描述专用表达），不同水平学生可按需高效复习，教师可直接用于词汇拓展、句式训练等教学环节，提升课堂效率。

高中英语选必三 Unit 5知识点 一、核心词汇（含短语搭配、解释及例句） 1.compare [核心含义]比较；比作 [常用搭配]compare A with/to B（把A和B作比较）、compare A to B（把A比喻成B）、compared with/to...（与...相比，作状语） [例句1]Teachers often compare students' homework with each other to find their strengths and weaknesses.（老师经常把学生的作业相互比较，找出他们的优缺点。） [例句2]People always compare the young generation to the rising sun, full of energy and hope.（人们总把年轻一代比作冉冉升起的太阳，充满活力与希望。） [例句3]Compared with traditional poems, modern poetry has more flexible forms.（与传统诗歌相比，现代诗歌的形式更加灵活。） 2.sorrow [核心含义]悲伤；悲痛 [常用搭配]to one’s sorrow（令某人悲痛的是）、share happiness and sorrow（同甘共苦）、mix joy with sorrow（悲喜交加） [例句1]To his sorrow, he missed the last chance to see his beloved grandmother.（令他悲痛的是，他错过了最后一次见心爱的祖母的机会。） [例句2]True friends should share happiness and sorrow with each other through thick and thin.（真正的朋友应该同甘共苦，风雨同舟。） [例句3]The ending of the novel mixes joy with sorrow, leaving readers deep in thought.（这部小说的结局悲喜交加，让读者陷入沉思。） 3.sympathy [核心含义]同情；赞同 [常用搭配]feel/have sympathy for...（同情...）、with sympathy（同情地）、out of sympathy（出于同情）、in sympathy with...（同情...；赞成...） [例句1]We all feel sympathy for the victims of the natural disaster.（我们都同情这场自然灾害的受害者。） [例句2]She looked at the homeless child with sympathy and gave him some food.（她同情地看着那个无家可归的孩子，给了他一些食物。） [例句3]Out of sympathy, many people donated money to help the poor family pay for the medical expenses.（出于同情，许多人捐款帮助这个贫困家庭支付医疗费用。） 4.correspond [核心含义]通信；与...一致 [常用搭配]keep up (a) correspondence with sb.（与某人保持通信联系）、correspond with（与...通信；和...一致） [例句1]My grandmother still keeps up correspondence with her childhood friend who lives abroad.（我的祖母仍然和住在国外的童年好友保持通信联系。） [例句2]His actions do not correspond with his words, so few people trust him.（他言行不一，所以很少有人相信他。） 5.point [核心含义]要点；指向 [常用搭配]to the point（切题的）、off the point（跑题）、come/get straight to the point（直奔主题） [例句1]Please be concise and to the point when you report the project progress.（汇报项目进展时，请简洁明了、抓住要点。） [例句2]Don’t talk off the point; we need to focus on solving this problem now.（别跑题了，我们现在需要集中精力解决这个问题。） [例句3]Since we have limited time, let’s come straight to the point of the meeting.（由于时间有限，我们直接进入会议的主题吧。） 6.compose [核心含义]创作；组成 [常用搭配]compose poetry（写诗）、be composed of（由...组成） [例句1]The famous poet spent three months composing this long poem about nature.（这位著名诗人花了三个月时间创作了这首关于自然的长诗。） [例句2]A good poem is usually composed of vivid imagery and beautiful language.（一首好诗通常由生动的意象和优美的语言构成。） 7.polish [核心含义]润色；擦亮 [常用搭配]polish an article（润色文章）、polish sth.up（把某物擦亮；改进某物） [例句1]Before submitting the essay, she spent a whole afternoon polishing it to make the language more fluent.（提交论文前，她花了一整个下午润色，让语言更流畅。） [例句2]He polished up his poem again and again to meet the requirements of the poetry contest.（为了满足诗歌比赛的要求，他一遍又一遍地修改自己的诗。） 8.convey [核心含义]传达；表达 [常用搭配]convey a certain mood（表达一种特定的情绪）、convey messages（传递信息） [例句1]This short poem conveys a deep sense of nostalgia for the innocent childhood.（这首短诗传达出对纯真童年的深深眷恋。） [例句2]Through vivid descriptions, the poet successfully conveys his love for his hometown.（通过生动的描写，诗人成功地表达了对故乡的热爱。） 二、重点短语（含解释及例句） 1.be made up of [含义]由...组成（构成） [例句]This poetry collection is made up of works from both famous poets and amateurs.（这本诗集由著名诗人和业余爱好者的作品组成。） 2.make sense [含义]有意义；讲得通 [例句]The structure of this poem is unique, but it still makes sense if you read it carefully.（这首诗的结构很特别，但如果你仔细读，还是能理解其中的含义。） 3.nursery rhyme [含义]童谣；儿歌 [例句]Nursery rhymes are usually easy to learn and recite, which helps children develop language skills.（童谣通常易于学习和背诵，有助于儿童培养语言能力。） 4.folk songs [含义]民谣 [例句]Many folk songs reflect the daily life and emotions of ordinary people in ancient times.（许多民谣反映了古代普通人的日常生活和情感。） 5.in particular [含义]特别，尤其 [例句]Among all the literary devices, he likes metaphor in particular because it makes the poem more vivid.（在所有的文学手法中，他尤其喜欢比喻，因为它能让诗歌更生动。） 6.translate...into... [含义]把...翻译成... [例句]It’s not easy to translate classical Chinese poetry into English while retaining its original beauty.（把中国古典诗歌翻译成英语并保留其原有韵味并不容易。） 7.look back [含义]回头看；回顾 [例句]When we look back on our childhood, many nursery rhymes will naturally come to mind.（当我们回顾童年时，许多童谣会自然而然地浮现在脑海中。） 8.transform...into... [含义]把...转变成... [例句]The poet transformed his personal sorrow into beautiful verses that touched thousands of readers.（这位诗人把个人的悲伤转化为优美的诗句，打动了成千上万的读者。） 9.figure of speech [含义]修辞手法 [例句]Simile and metaphor are common figures of speech used in poetry to enhance expressiveness.（明喻和暗喻是诗歌中常用的修辞手法，以增强表现力。） 10.in spite of [含义]尽管；不管，不顾 [例句]In spite of the complicated format, many poetry lovers still enjoy writing sonnets.（尽管格式复杂，许多诗歌爱好者仍然喜欢写十四行诗。） 三、核心句式（含结构解析及例句） 1.定语从句 [结构1]There are various reasons why...（有各种各样的原因...） [解析]why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，在从句中作原因状语。 [例句]There are various reasons why people are fond of poetry—some for its beauty, some for its deep meaning.（人们喜欢诗歌的原因有很多——有的因为它的美感，有的因为它的深刻内涵。） [结构2]名词/代词 + who/which/that...（...的人/物） [解析]who修饰人，which修饰物，that既可修饰人也可修饰物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 [例句1]The poet who won the contest has published three poetry collections.（那位赢得比赛的诗人已经出版了三本诗集。） [例句2]I like the poem which describes the beautiful scenery of autumn.（我喜欢那首描写秋日美景的诗。） 2.by doing...（通过做某事） [结构]By + 动名词短语，主句 [解析]表示方式或手段，作句子状语。 [例句1]By reading a lot of poetry, we can improve our literary appreciation ability.（通过阅读大量诗歌，我们可以提高文学鉴赏能力。） [例句2]She improved her poem-writing skills by practicing every day.（她通过每天练习，提高了自己的写诗技巧。） 3.with的复合结构 [结构]With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（不定式/形容词/分词等） [解析]在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、条件等。 [例句1]With so many excellent poems to read, we can gain rich spiritual nutrition.（有这么多优秀的诗歌可读，我们能获得丰富的精神滋养。） [例句2]With the deadline for the poetry contest approaching, many students are busy polishing their works.（随着诗歌比赛截止日期的临近，许多学生都在忙着润色自己的作品。） 4.The reason is that...（原因是...） [结构]The reason + is + that引导的表语从句 [解析]that引导的表语从句说明reason的具体内容，that不可省略。 [例句1]The reason he loves Tang poetry is that it has concise language and profound artistic conception.（他喜欢唐诗的原因是它语言简练，意境深远。） [例句2]The reason this poem is popular is that it conveys universal emotions of love and longing.（这首诗受欢迎的原因是它传达了爱与思念的普遍情感。） 5.it形式主语 [结构]It + seems/appears/is + 形容词 + that引导的真正主语从句 [解析]it作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 [例句1]It seems incredible that he can write such wonderful poems at the age of 16.（他16岁就能写出如此精彩的诗歌，这似乎令人难以置信。） [例句2]It is important that we understand the cultural background behind each poem.（理解每首诗背后的文化背景是很重要的。） 6.过去分词短语作后置定语 [结构]名词 + 过去分词短语 [解析]过去分词短语修饰前面的名词，与名词之间是被动关系。 [例句1]There are many poems written by Li Bai in this anthology.（这本诗集中有许多李白写的诗。） [例句2]The article polished by the teacher has been published in the school newspaper.（那篇经老师润色的文章已经在校报上发表了。） 7.不定式作定语（中心词被序数词修饰） [结构]序数词 + 名词 + to do sth. [解析]当中心词被序数词修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语，表示“第...个做某事的人/物”。 [例句1]Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.（泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。） [例句2]She was the first student in our class to publish a poetry collection.（她是我们班第一个出版诗集的学生。） 四、词性转换（含词性、含义及例句） 1.poet (n.诗人) → poetry (n.诗，诗歌；诗情) [例句]The poet devoted his whole life to creating poetry that reflects people’s lives.（这位诗人毕生致力于创作反映人们生活的诗歌。） 2.detect (vt.发现；查明) → detective (n.侦探，警探) [例句]The detective tried to detect the hidden meaning in the poet’s mysterious works.（这位侦探试图找出这位诗人神秘作品中隐藏的含义。） 3.stimulate (v.激发；使兴奋) → stimulating (adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的) [例句]The stimulating poetry workshop inspired many students to start writing their own poems.（这个饶有趣味的诗歌工作坊激发了许多学生开始创作自己的诗歌。） 4.absorb (v.吸收；理解) → absorbing (adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的) [例句]The absorbing poem kept readers engrossed from the first line to the last.（这首引人入胜的诗让读者从第一行读到最后一行都全神贯注。） 5.drama (n.戏剧；戏剧性事件) → dramatic (adj.激动人心的；戏剧性的) [例句]The poem describes a dramatic love story that moves many people.（这首诗描述了一个激动人心的爱情故事，打动了许多人。） 6.subject (n.主语；主题) → subjective (adj.主观的) [例句]Poetry appreciation is somewhat subjective, as different readers may have different understandings.（诗歌鉴赏在某种程度上是主观的，因为不同的读者可能有不同的理解。） 7.cite (v.引用) → recite (vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵) [例句]The student can recite many ancient poems and often cites them in his own writings.（这个学生能背诵许多古诗，并且经常在自己的写作中引用它们。） 8.contradict (v.与……矛盾) → contradictory (adj.矛盾的；抵触的) [例句]His interpretation of the poem is contradictory to the author’s original intention.（他对这首诗的解读与作者的原意相矛盾。） 9.set (vt.设置背景；放置) → setting (n.背景；环境) [例句]The setting of this poem is a small village in the countryside, full of peaceful atmosphere.（这首诗的背景是一个乡村小村庄，充满了宁静的氛围。） 10.history (n.历史) → historical (adj.历史的) [例句]Many historical events have been recorded in ancient Chinese poetry.（许多历史事件都被记录在中国古诗中。） 11.sympathetic (adj.有同情心的) → sympathetically (adv.同情地) → sympathy (n.同情) [例句]She looked at the poor poet sympathetically, expressing her deep sympathy for his misfortunes.（她同情地看着这位可怜的诗人，对他的不幸表示深深的同情。） 12.innocent (adj.天真无邪的；无辜的) → innocence (n.无辜；天真) [例句]The poem depicts the innocence of childhood, which reminds people of their own happy youth.（这首诗描绘了童年的天真无邪，让人想起自己快乐的青春时光。） 13.correspond (v.通信；一致) → correspondence (n.通信；关联) [例句]Their correspondence lasted for ten years, and many of their letters were full of poetic expressions.（他们的通信持续了十年，许多信件中都充满了诗意的表达。） 14.respond (v.回复；作出反应) → response (n.答复；反应) [例句]The poet received a positive response from readers after his new poem was published.（这位诗人的新诗发表后，收到了读者的积极反响。） 15.vary (v.变化；变动) → variation (n.变化；变种) → variety (n.多样化) → various (adj.各种各样的) [例句]There are various forms of poetry, and each form has its own variation in structure and rhythm.（诗歌有各种各样的形式，每种形式在结构和节奏上都有自己的变化，体现了诗歌的多样性。） 五、写作常用表达（应用文/短文写作适用） 1.诗歌相关描述 Poetry has a long history and rich cultural connotations.（诗歌有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。） Different forms of poetry have their own unique characteristics.（不同形式的诗歌有其独特的特点。） Poems can convey people’s emotions and reflect social reality.（诗歌能够传达人们的情感，反映社会现实。） The beauty of poetry lies in its vivid imagery and musical rhythm.（诗歌的美在于其生动的意象和优美的韵律。） 2.活动相关描述 Our school organized a poetry contest to enrich students’ after-school life.（我们学校组织了一场诗歌比赛，以丰富学生的课余生活。） Many students participated in the event and showed great enthusiasm for poetry creation.（许多学生参加了这次活动，对诗歌创作表现出极大的热情。） The activity not only improved our poetry-writing skills but also strengthened our friendship.（这次活动不仅提高了我们的写诗技巧，还增进了我们的友谊。） 3.个人感受表达 I feel deeply moved by the power of poetry, which can touch people’s hearts.（我被诗歌的力量深深打动，它能够触动人们的心灵。） Through participating in the poetry activity, I have a deeper understanding of the charm of literature.（通过参加诗歌活动，我对文学的魅力有了更深刻的理解。） Writing poems has become one of my hobbies, which brings me a lot of joy and satisfaction.（写诗已经成为我的爱好之一，它给我带来了很多快乐和满足感。） 0 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $