专题12 情态动词 （复习讲义）（广东小高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题12 情态动词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 一、考试要求 1 二、 命题分析 1 知识体系构建 2 知识点1、常考的情态动词 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：辨析表示“推测”的情态动词 4 实战精练与提升 5 考情分析与命题趋势 一、考试要求 综观近几年高考英语试题，情态动词和的用法是历年高考英语必考的知识点之一。情态动词在高考命题中的考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析：情态动词+have done的用法区别等。 2、 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 推测类情态动词辨析 5年12考 1.must/can/could/may/might 表推测的语气差异 2. 对现在/过去事实的推测 预测2026年在语法填空题中考查 情态动词 + have done 5年9考 1. 表过去推测（must/can’t have done等） 2. 表过去虚拟/责备（should/could/needn’t have done等） 预测2026年在语法填空题中考查 基础用法辨析 5年6考 1. 能力（can/could/be able to） 2. 许可（can/may/could/might） 3. 必要（must/have to/ought to） 预测2026年在语法填空题中考查 知识体系构建 知识点1、常考的情态动词 分类 情态动词 含义 用法 例句 推测 must 一定、肯定 只用于肯定句 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. can/could 可能、也许 用于否定句和问句，can’t/couldn’t表不可能 It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America. may/might 可能、也许 用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not表可能不 Your mother may /might not know the truth. 能力 can/could 能够 can只有现在和过去时 Mary can speak three languages. be able to 能够 当成功地完成某一具体动作时，不用could而用was/were able to。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 许可 can/could 可以 ①问句中用could/might更显客气和委婉。 ②肯定回答一般用can,显得语气肯定干脆。 --Could I come to see you tomorrow? -- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) may/might May I come in? 必要 must 必须 表主观要求，注意must提起的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，见例句。 --Must we hand in our exercise books today? -- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. have to 不得不 表客观需求 It is raining heavily, so we have to stay at home. ought to 应该 与should用法同 Young people ought to show respect for the old. should 应该 Shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该 You are his father and ought to take care of him. 其他 need 需要 1）用作实义动词后接to do 2）用作情态动词后接  do，只用于否定句和问句 You don’t need to do it yourself. dare 敢 She dare not go out alone at night. 情态动词+完成时态 情态动词 含义 例句 must have done 肯定做过/发生过 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I  saw him in the library just  now. may/might have done 可能已经..... You might have read about it in the papers could have done 本来可以.....，本来能够 I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam. Should have done 本应该做..... You should have finished the task yesterday. ought to have done 本应该做..... needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事但又做了 I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.  句型 can not/never.....too 无论怎么.....也不过分越.....越好 While crossing the street, you can never be too careful. 考点精析与突破 考点一：辨析表示“推测”的情态动词 解题策略 （1）must表示推测时语气最强，意为“必定；准；一定”。它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理，所指的动作发生的可能性最大。must只用于肯定句，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t，意为“一定不；不可能”，而mustn’t表示“禁止；不准”，如：The car doesn’t work. There must be something wrong with it. 这辆小车开不动，准是出问题了。I met Tom at the hospital yesterday, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.我昨天在医院遇到Tom了，所以他不可能参加了你的讲座。 （2）can/should表示以事实、理由为依据进行推测，它们所指的动作有发生的可能性，但没有must那么肯定。can 在肯定句中可表理论上的可能性，如Accidents can happen at any time，意为事故随时可能发生，只是不表具体事情的肯定推测（具体推测用 must/may），should的主观性较强，意为“应该”。如：He should be there now.现在他应该到那儿了。 （3）may/might语气较弱，意为“可能；或许”，表示说话人根据自己的主观意愿而进行的推测。此外，学生要牢记情态动词表示对过去的推测与表示责备时的语义区别： may/might have done表推测时意为“过去可能做过”，表责备时意为“过去本可能做而实际上未做”；should/ought to have done表推测时意为“按理该做过”，表责备时意为“按理过去该做而实际上未做”； must have done表推测，意为“过去一定做过”； can’t /couldn’t have done表推测，意为“过去一定没有做过”； can/could have done表责备，意为“过去本能够做而实际上没做”； needn’t have done表责备，意为“过去不必做，而实际上做了”。 例1 （2020·天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't 例2（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A．need B．should C．could D．must 实战精练与提升 1．It is required by law that a driving test ________ (take) before a man gets a license. 2．I couldn't________ (go) through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help. 3．I was ill that day, otherwise I would ________ (take) part in the sports meet. 4．The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we ________ (reflect) on ourselves. 5．It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus. 6．There was a little mouse staying at home all day. I ________ go out, even at night. 7．I have her telephone number. You________ call her if you like. 8．I think something ________ have happened to Jill. 9．—It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson. —I ________ (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam. 10．Anyone ________ be in a rough life time, whether he is “Bai Fumei” or “Gao Fushuai”． 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 情态动词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 一、考试要求 1 二、 命题分析 1 知识体系构建 2 知识点1、常考的情态动词 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：辨析表示“推测”的情态动词 4 实战精练与提升 5 考情分析与命题趋势 一、考试要求 综观近几年高考英语试题，情态动词和的用法是历年高考英语必考的知识点之一。情态动词在高考命题中的考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析：情态动词+have done的用法区别等。 2、 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 推测类情态动词辨析 5年12考 1.must/can/could/may/might 表推测的语气差异 2. 对现在/过去事实的推测 预测2026年在语法填空题中考查 情态动词 + have done 5年9考 1. 表过去推测（must/can’t have done等） 2. 表过去虚拟/责备（should/could/needn’t have done等） 预测2026年在语法填空题中考查 基础用法辨析 5年6考 1. 能力（can/could/be able to） 2. 许可（can/may/could/might） 3. 必要（must/have to/ought to） 预测2026年在语法填空题中考查 知识体系构建 知识点1、常考的情态动词 分类 情态动词 含义 用法 例句 推测 must 一定、肯定 只用于肯定句 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. can/could 可能、也许 用于否定句和问句，can’t/couldn’t表不可能 It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America. may/might 可能、也许 用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not表可能不 Your mother may /might not know the truth. 能力 can/could 能够 can只有现在和过去时 Mary can speak three languages. be able to 能够 当成功地完成某一具体动作时，不用could而用was/were able to。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 许可 can/could 可以 ①问句中用could/might更显客气和委婉。 ②肯定回答一般用can,显得语气肯定干脆。 --Could I come to see you tomorrow? -- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) may/might May I come in? 必要 must 必须 表主观要求，注意must提起的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，见例句。 --Must we hand in our exercise books today? -- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. have to 不得不 表客观需求 It is raining heavily, so we have to stay at home. ought to 应该 与should用法同 Young people ought to show respect for the old. should 应该 Shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该 You are his father and ought to take care of him. 其他 need 需要 1）用作实义动词后接to do 2）用作情态动词后接  do，只用于否定句和问句 You don’t need to do it yourself. dare 敢 She dare not go out alone at night. 情态动词+完成时态 情态动词 含义 例句 must have done 肯定做过/发生过 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I  saw him in the library just  now. may/might have done 可能已经..... You might have read about it in the papers could have done 本来可以.....，本来能够 I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam. Should have done 本应该做..... You should have finished the task yesterday. ought to have done 本应该做..... needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事但又做了 I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.  句型 can not/never.....too 无论怎么.....也不过分越.....越好 While crossing the street, you can never be too careful. 考点精析与突破 考点一：辨析表示“推测”的情态动词 解题策略 （1）must表示推测时语气最强，意为“必定；准；一定”。它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理，所指的动作发生的可能性最大。must只用于肯定句，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t，意为“一定不；不可能”，而mustn’t表示“禁止；不准”，如：The car doesn’t work. There must be something wrong with it. 这辆小车开不动，准是出问题了。I met Tom at the hospital yesterday, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.我昨天在医院遇到Tom了，所以他不可能参加了你的讲座。 （2）can/should表示以事实、理由为依据进行推测，它们所指的动作有发生的可能性，但没有must那么肯定。can 在肯定句中可表理论上的可能性，如Accidents can happen at any time，意为事故随时可能发生，只是不表具体事情的肯定推测（具体推测用 must/may），should的主观性较强，意为“应该”。如：He should be there now.现在他应该到那儿了。 （3）may/might语气较弱，意为“可能；或许”，表示说话人根据自己的主观意愿而进行的推测。此外，学生要牢记情态动词表示对过去的推测与表示责备时的语义区别： may/might have done表推测时意为“过去可能做过”，表责备时意为“过去本可能做而实际上未做”；should/ought to have done表推测时意为“按理该做过”，表责备时意为“按理过去该做而实际上未做”； must have done表推测，意为“过去一定做过”； can’t /couldn’t have done表推测，意为“过去一定没有做过”； can/could have done表责备，意为“过去本能够做而实际上没做”； needn’t have done表责备，意为“过去不必做，而实际上做了”。 例1 （2020·天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D 例2（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A．need B．should C．could D．must【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。 实战精练与提升 1．It is required by law that a driving test ________ (take) before a man gets a license. 【答案】(should) be taken　 【解析】句意：法律规定，一个人在获得驾照之前要先参加驾照考试。It is required that...中，that从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略；又因为test与take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，即(should) be taken。 2．I couldn't________ (go) through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help. 【答案】have gone 【解析】句意：要不是老师慷慨而及时的帮助，我不可能熬过那段艰难的岁月。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为have gone。情态动词 + have done表对过去事情的否定推测（不可能熬过），本句中的but for相当于if it hadn't been for...。 3．I was ill that day, otherwise I would ________ (take) part in the sports meet. 【答案】have taken 【解析】句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。根据语境可推知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为have taken。 4．The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we ________ (reflect) on ourselves. 【答案】reflected/should reflect　 【解析】句意：全国范围内的雾霾在不断提醒我们是时候反思自己了。由“it is high time sb. did/should do sth.”可知填reflected/should reflect。 5．It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus. 【答案】shall　 【解析】句意：为防学生感染病毒，学生们在进校前要戴上口罩。在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall。 6．There was a little mouse staying at home all day. I ________ go out, even at night. 【答案】daren't　 【解析】句意：一整天都有一只老鼠在家里，我一天没敢出去，即使是在晚上。根据even at night表示的递进意义判断，此处表示“不敢”意义，故填情态动词daren't。 7．I have her telephone number. You________ call her if you like. 【答案】can　 【解析】句意：我有她的电话号码，如果你愿意你可以给她打电话。所填词表示允许，意为“你可以给她打电话”，故用can。 8．I think something ________ have happened to Jill. 【答案】must　 【解析】句意：我想在吉尔身上一定发生了什么事。根据I think...判断，所填词表示一种非常有把握的肯定推测，故用情态动词must。 9．—It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson. —I ________ (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam. 【答案】would/should have attended 【解析】句意：——真遗憾你错过了汤普森所作的有关英国文化的讲座。——我本想/应该参加的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。根据题干中的was busy可知设空处表示与过去事实相反，故答案为would/should have attended。 10．Anyone ________ be in a rough life time, whether he is “Bai Fumei” or “Gao Fushuai”． 【答案】can　 【解析】句意：任何人都会有困难的时候，无论他是“白富美”还是“高富帅”。此处是情态动词用于陈述句中，表示“一时的情况”，故用情态动词can。 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $