Unit 8 Protecting the environment(知识清单)英语冀教版2024八年级上册

2025-11-03
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Unit 8 Protecting the environment 单词 1.shark /ʃɑːk/ n. 鲨鱼 2.plastic /'plæstɪk/ n. 塑料adj. 塑料的;可塑的 3.bottle /'bɒtl/ n. 瓶子;一瓶(的量) 4.bin /bɪn/ n. 垃圾箱;大储藏箱 5.recycle /ˌriː'saɪkl/ v. 回收利用;再利用 6.behaviour /bɪ'heɪvjə(r)/ n. 行为;举止 7.harmful /'hɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 8.whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 9.gun /gʌn/ n. 枪;炮 10.kilo /'kiːləʊ/ n. 千克;公斤 11.stomach /'stʌmək/ n. 胃;腹部 12.situation /ˌsɪtʃu'eɪʃn/ n. 状况;形势 13.worse /wɜːs/ adj. 更糟的;更坏的 14.global /'gləʊbl/ adj. 全球的;全世界的 15.produce /prə'dju:s/ v. 生产;制造 16.ton /tʌn/ n. 吨;大量;许多 17.goods /gudz/ n. 商品;货品 18.product /'prɒdʌkt/ n. 产品;结果 19.waste /weɪst/ n. 垃圾;浪费 v. 浪费 20.affect /ə'fekt/ v. 影响;使感染 21.kill /kɪl/ v. 导致死亡;杀死;破坏 22.pollute /pə'lu:t/ v. 污染;弄脏 23.suffer /'sʌfə(r)/ v. 变差;遭受;受苦 24.cheap /tʃi:p/ adj. 便宜的 25.option /'ɒpʃn/ n. 选项;选择权 26.reusable /ˌri:'ju:zəbl/ adj. 可再次使用的 27.properly /'prɒpəli/ adv. 恰当地;正确地 28.solution /sə'lu:ʃn/ n. 解决办法;溶液 29.impact /'ɪmpækt/ n. 巨大影响 v. 有作用 30.reduce /rɪ'dju:s/ v. 减少;降低 31.miracle /'mɪrəkl/ n. 奇迹 32.hardly /'hɑ:dli/ adv. 几乎不 33.government /'gʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 34.dead /ded/ adj. 死气沉沉的;无生命的 35.land /lænd/ n. 土地;陆地 v. 着陆 36.forester /'fɒrɪstə(r)/ n. 林务员;护林人 37.beginning /bɪ'gɪnɪŋ/ n. 开端;开头 38.condition /kən'dɪʃn/ n. 条件;状况 39.harsh /hɑ:ʃ/ adj. 恶劣的;严酷的 40.generation /ˌdʒenə'reɪʃn/ n. 一代;一辈 41.technology /tek'nɒlədʒi/ n. 技术;工艺 42.survive /sə'vaɪv/ v. 存活;幸存;艰难度过 43.century /'sentʃəri/ n. 世纪;百年 44.spirit /'spɪrɪt/ n. 精神;心灵 45.inspire /ɪn'spaɪə(r)/ v. 鼓舞 46.complete /kəm'pli:t/ v. 完成adj. 完全的 47.environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrən'mentl/ adj. 自然环境的;生态环境的 48.scenery /'si:nəri/ n. 风景;景色 49.gas /gæs/ n. 天然气;气体 50.oil /ɔɪl/ n. 石油;原油;油 51.coal /kəʊl/ n. 煤 52.planet /'plænɪt/ n. 地球;行星 53.increase /ɪn'kri:s/ n. & v. 增加;增长 54.effect /ɪ'fekt/ n. 影响; v. 引起 55.serious /'sɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的;严肃的 56.pole /pəʊl/ n. (行星的)极;极端 57.melt /melt/ v. 融化;(使)熔化 58.cause /kɔ:z/ v. 造成; n. 原因 59.flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水;大量 60.storm /stɔ:m/ n. 暴风雨 61.thankfully /'θæŋkfəli/ adv. 幸亏;感激地 62.action /'ækʃn/ n. 行动;行为 63.device /dɪ'vaɪs/ n. 设备;仪器;方法 64.address /ə'dres/ v. 设法解决 n. 地址;演讲 短语 1.go for a swim 去游泳 2.You’re kidding me. 你在跟我开玩笑。 3.be harmful to 对……有害 4.get worse 变糟糕 5.agree to do 同意做…… 6.the rest of 剩余的 7.millions (of...) 大量;无数 8.be easy to do 容易做 9.have a big impact on 对……有很大影响 10.change... into... 把……变成…… 11.carry out 实施 12.carry on 继续 13.get a fever 发烧 14.lead to 导致 15.slow down 放慢;放缓 16.turn off 关闭 句型 1.That man over there is leaving his garbage on the beach.那边那个人把垃圾扔到了沙滩上。 2. If we do nothing, the situation will get worse.如果我们什么都不做,情况会变得更糟糕。 3.How about cleaning up the beach?清理一下海滩怎么样? 4.They feel proud that they made a difference at the beach.他们为自己在海滩上有所作为而感到自豪。 5.Humans produce millions of tons of plastic every year.人类每年生产数百万吨塑料。 6.We use many plastic products only once or twice before they become waste.我们使用的塑料产品仅使用一两次就变成了废物。 7.Bring your own shopping bag instead of using a plastic one. 自带购物袋而不是使用塑料袋。 8.Small changes in our daily habits will have a big impact on reducing plastic waste.我们日常生活中的小改变将对减少塑料垃圾产生巨大的影响。 9. In 1962, the government decided to change this dead land into a forest. 1962年政府决定把这个荒芜的土地改造成森林。 10. It plays an important role in environmental protection. 它在环境保护方面发挥着重要作用。 11.Nowadays, Saihanba is not only the largest human-made forest but also a popular tourist spot.当今塞罕坝不仅是最大的人工林还是受欢迎的旅游景点。 12.Environmental clubs encourage students and teachers to bring their lunches in reusable bags and dishes.环保俱乐部鼓励学生和老师们使用可重复利用的袋子和餐具。 语法 1. 动词不定式 一、知识点清单 知识点 1:That man over there is leaving his garbage on the beach.那边那个人把垃圾扔到了沙滩上。(教材P100) (1) leave [动词] 离开 leave A地 离开A地 When did you leave Shijiazhuang?你什么时候离开的石家庄? leave for A地 出发前往A地 They are leaving for Shijiazhuang.他们将要出发前往石家庄。 leave B for A 离开B地前往A地 They are leaving Baoding for Shijiazhuang.他们将要离开保定前往石家庄。 [动词] 遗留;遗忘 leave sb./sth. + 地点 把某人 / 某物留在某地 I've left my keys at home. 我把钥匙忘在家中了。 (2)garbage [不可数名词] 垃圾 throw away garbage扔掉垃圾 take out the garbage倒垃圾 collect garbage收集垃圾 We should sort garbage into different groups to protect the environment. 我们应该对垃圾进行分类以保护环境。 garbage 不可数名词 生活垃圾(尤指厨余垃圾) rubbish 不可数名词 泛指垃圾、无价值的东西 litter 不可数名词 / 动词 (散落的)垃圾;乱扔垃圾 知识点 2:If we do nothing, the situation will get worse.如果我们什么都不做,情况会变得更糟糕。(教材P100) (1)get [动词] 得到;获得 get sth.得到某物 He got a new bike as a birthday gift.他收到一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。 get sb. sth.给某人某物 get sth. for sb. 给某人某物 Can you get me a glass of water? Can you get a glass of water for me? 你能给我一杯水吗? [动词] 到达 get to+ 地点 到达某地 When did you get to school this morning?你今早什么时候到学校的? 注意:接副词 home/there/here时不加介词to [动词] 变得;成为 get + 形容词(原级 / 比较级)/ 介词短语 变得…… The weather gets warmer in spring.春天天气变暖和了。 中考高频固定搭配 get up 起床 He usually gets up at 6:30 a.m. get on/off 上 / 下车 We got on the bus at the next stop. get on with sb. 与某人相处融洽 She gets on well with her classmates. get along with sb. (同 get on with sb.) How do you get along with your new friend? get ready for sth. 为某事做准备 They are getting ready for the exam. get to do sth. 有机会做某事;逐渐做 She got to visit the Great Wall last year. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 My mom got me to clean my room. get rid of 摆脱;除去 We need to get rid of bad habits. get back 回来;取回 He got back home from work at 7 p.m. get in 进入;收割(庄稼) The farmers are getting in the rice. get out of 从…… 出来;避免 She got out of the car carefully. get over 克服(困难);恢复 He finally got over his fear of speaking. get together 聚会;团聚 We get together with family on Spring Festival. 中考高频固定搭配 get along with sb. 与某人相处融洽 How do you get along with your new friend? get ready for sth. 为某事做准备 They are getting ready for the exam. get to do sth. 有机会做某事;逐渐做 She got to visit the Great Wall last year. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 My mom got me to clean my room. get rid of 摆脱;除去 We need to get rid of bad habits. get back 回来;取回 He got back home from work at 7 p.m. get in 进入;收割(庄稼) The farmers are getting in the rice. get out of 从…… 出来;避免 She got out of the car carefully. get over 克服(困难);恢复 He finally got over his fear of speaking. get together 聚会;团聚 We get together with family on Spring Festival. (2)worse worse 更糟糕的/地 bad ill badly 的比较级,最高级为worst His grades are worse than mine this term.这学期他的成绩比我差。 She felt worse after taking the medicine.吃药后她感觉更不舒服了。 知识点 3:How about cleaning up the beach?清理一下海滩怎么样?(教材P100) (1)how about ……怎么样? -It's a fine day.How about going for a walk? 天气真好,去散步怎么样? how about ……怎么样? what about……怎么样? 同意建议:Good idea! / That's great! / Sounds good! / Why not? 拒绝建议(委婉):I'm afraid not. I have to.../ Sorry, I can't. I need to... 知识点 4:They feel proud that they made a difference at the beach.他们为自己在海滩上有所作为而感到自豪。!(教材P100) (1) proud [形容词] 自豪的、引以为傲的 proud of + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 对……感到自豪 I’m proud of my hometown.我为我的家乡感到自豪。 proud to do sth对做……感到自豪 He is proud to be a doctor.他为成为一名医生而自豪。 proud + that 从句 对……感到自豪 I’m proud that you passed the interview. [名词] pride 自豪;骄傲 take pride in 对……感到自豪 As a teacher, Mr. Li takes pride in his students’ progress in English.作为老师,李老师为学生们在英语上的进步感到自豪。 知识点 5:Humans produce millions of tons of plastic every year.人类每年生产数百万吨塑料。(教材P102) (1)produce [动词] 生产;制造 produce cars/phones生产汽车 / 手机 produce food/grain生产粮食 [动词] 产生;引起 produce results产生结果 produce effects产生效果 produce problems引发问题 中考链接: We can buy fresh ______ like apples and tomatoes at the weekend market.(2023 中考) A.products B. produce C. books D. clothes 答案解析:apples and tomatoes是农产品,produce符合;products指工业成品,不符故选择B。 (2)million [数词] 百万 two million 两百万 millions of 数百万 He has 5 million dollars.他有五百万美元。 Millions of birds fly south in winter.数百万的鸟冬季会飞往南方。 thousand 千 two thousand两千 There are two thousand students in the school. thousands of数千 Thousands of stars are in the sky. billion十亿 one billion十 亿 The project cost four billion yuan. billions of数十亿 Billions of people use the Internet. 知识点 6:We use many plastic products only once or twice before they become waste.我们使用的塑料产品仅使用一两次就变成了废物。(教材P102) (1 ) use [动词] 使用 use sth to do sth用某物做某事 He uses a dictionary to look up new words.他用词典查生词。 be used to do sth:被用来做某事 Knives are used to cut things.刀被用来切东西。 used to do sth:过去常常做某事 She used to walk to school.她过去常常步行上学。 be used to (doing) sth:习惯于(做)某事 He is used to getting up early.他习惯于早起。 [名词] 使用 make use of利用 We should make good use of our time to study hard.我们应该充分利用时间努力学习。 知识点 7:Bring your own shopping bag instead of using a plastic one. 自带购物袋而不是使用塑料袋。(教材P102) (1 ) instead [副词] 代替,反而 instead(单独用,句末) I don’t like coffee. I’ll have tea instead. 我不喜欢咖啡,我要喝茶。 instead(单独用,句首)需要用逗号 Instead, let’s go to the park this weekend— the museum is closed. 不如这周末去公园吧 —— 博物馆关门了。 instead of 代替,而不是 instead of + 名词 / 代词 She gave me a hug instead of a handshake. 她没有和我握手,而是给了我一个拥抱。 instead of + 动名词(doing) He stayed home instead of going to the party. 他呆在家中而没有去聚会。 [副词] 反而;却 I thought he would be angry, but he smiled instead. 我以为他会生气,可他反而笑了。 知识点 8:Small changes in our daily habits will have a big impact on reducing plastic waste.我们日常生活中的小改变将对减少塑料垃圾产生巨大的影响。(教材P102) (1 ) habit [可数名词] 习惯 develop/form a habit养成习惯 She formed the habit of jogging at 6 a.m. 她养成习惯早上6点慢跑。 break/kick a habit戒除习惯 He finally kicked his habit of staying up late.他最终戒除了晚起床的习惯。 change a habit改变习惯 It takes time to change a bad habit.改变坏习惯需要花费时间。 habit of doing sth做某事的习惯 His habit of being late made his boss angry.他迟到的习惯使他的老板生气。 good/bad habit好 / 坏习惯 Eating too much sugar is a bad habit.吃太多的糖是坏的习惯。 (2 ) impact 影响 have an impact on/upon sth/sb 对…… 有影响 Technology has a huge impact on modern life. 科技对现代生活有巨大影响。 知识点 9:In 1962, the government decided to change this dead land into a forest. 1962年政府决定把这个荒芜的土地改造成森林。(教材P104) (1 ) decide [动词] 决定 decide to do sth 决定做某事 I decided to learn English well this semester. 我决定这学期把英语学好。 [名词]decision 决定 make a decision 做决定 She made a decision to study abroad next year. 她做了一个明年出国留学的决定。 (2) change [动词] 改变 change into换成…… He changed into his pajamas after work. change from...to...从…… 变成…… The leaves change from green to red in autumn. change one’s mind改变主意 She changed her mind and decided to stay. [名词]改变 make a change做出改变 I want to make a change in my daily routine. adapt to change适应变化 It’s important to adapt to change in life. 知识点 10:It plays an important role in environmental protection. 它在环境保护方面发挥着重要作用。(教材P104) (1) role [名词] 角色 play a role in 在…… 中发挥作用 Parents play an important role in their children’s growth. 父母在孩子的成长中起重要作用。 知识点 11:Nowadays, Saihanba is not only the largest human-made forest but also a popular tourist spot.当今塞罕坝不仅是最大的人工林还是受欢迎的旅游景点。(教材P105) (1) not only …but also 不但……而且…… 连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数通常与 “but also” 后的名词保持一致(就近原则)。 Not only Tom but also his parents are coming to the party. 不仅汤姆,他的父母也会来参加派对。 知识点 12:Environmental clubs encourage students and teachers to bring their lunches in reusable bags and dishes.环保俱乐部鼓励学生和老师们使用可重复利用的袋子和餐具。(教材P108) (1) encourage [动词] 鼓励 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 Teachers often encourage students to ask questions in class. 老师通常鼓励学生在课堂上提问。 encourage sth 鼓励 / 支持某事物 This company encourages innovation among its employees. 这家公司鼓励员工创新。 二、语法点清单 动词不定式(to+原形动词)是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。动词不定式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。 1. 动词不定式作主语:不定式具有名词的特征,可在句子中充当主语: To know oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。 To say is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事,做又是另一回事。 2. 用it作形式主语 在很多情况下,人们通常用it作形式上的主语,而把真正主语不定式置于句末,使句子结构显得平衡一些。 It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 It is impossible to learn a foreign language without effort. 不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。 3. 动词不定式作表语,说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。 My suggestion is to put off the meeting. 我的建议是推迟会议。 4. 动词不定式作宾语。 ①作及物动词的宾语。 He offered to help us. 他主动向我们提供帮助。 They hoped to learn English well. 他们希望学好英语。 以下动词后面的宾语用不定式: afford(负担得起), agree(同意), ask(要求), begin(开始), continue(继续), decide(决定), expect(期待), hope(希望), hate(不愿), manage(设法), offer(表示愿意), plan(计划), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝), want(想要), wish(希望)等。 ②用在某些“系表结构”后面作宾语。 I am determined to give up smoking. 我决心戒烟。 注意:类似的系表结构还有:be glad to, be sorry to, be afraid to, be pleased to, be willing to, be eager to, be anxious to, be ready to, be sure to等。 5. 动词不定式作定语,不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗? 6. 动词不定式作状语,表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。 She bought a lot of toys to make her daughter happy. 7.动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not。 三、写作清单 谈论环境保护 1.话题分析 本单元的话题是 “环境保护”,要求学生能清晰描述参与环境保护活动,包括活动目的、内容及结果及学生的自我感受等。学生需运用所学知识,介绍如何保护环境,掌握与环境现状描述、保护环境措施、环境保护的影响以及自我感受的词汇和句型,提升英语写作中叙事和抒情的能力,同时培养对环境保护的认知与责任感。 2.写作内容 以环境保护为主题,描述环境现状,采取哪些措施及活动,阐述在活动中的所见所闻、所做所为,以及活动给自己和他人带来的影响,还可提及活动中的感动瞬间或收获。 3.写作要点 活动内容:尽我绵力,保护树木;介绍这次活动的过程(process)和目的(purpose),然后谈谈你的感受。 所见所闻: Time Friday, October 18th Place Sunshine Garden Purpose protect trees; make our city more beautiful... Process give an introduction of trees; watch a movie about trees; enjoy the show... 感受表达:It was tiring but meaningful. 虽然很累,但很有意义。 4.写作思路提示 【知识点】文体活动、环境保护、记叙文 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇材料作文; ②时态:时态以一般过去时为主; ③提示:写作要点已明确给出,字母大小写规范,标点符号使用正确。 5.写作步骤详解 第一步,先介绍活动的基本信息; 第二步,再按时间顺序描述活动的具体流程; 第三步,最后阐述从活动中获得的收获。6.词汇运用提示 6.亮点词汇 [亮点词汇] ①make...more beautiful使……更美丽 ②tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 [高分句型] Trees can keep the water and help to make the air fresher and cleaner.(用 “and” 并列两个谓语动词)7.句 7.范例作文 Last week, our school had an activity on Friday, October 18th in Sunshine Garden. The activity was about how to protect the trees and make our city more beautiful. We arrived at the garden at 8 o’clock in the morning. First, they gave us an introduction about trees. Then, we watched a movie about trees. At last, we enjoyed the show. The show told us how to protect the trees and it’s very important for us to protect trees. From the activity, I learned the importance of trees. Trees can hold the water and help to make the air fresher and cleaner. From now on, I’ll try my best to plant more trees. 译文: 10 月 18 日(星期五),我们学校在阳光花园举办了一场活动。此次活动的主题是 “如何保护树木,让我们的城市更美丽”。 我们早上 8 点抵达花园。活动伊始,工作人员为我们介绍了关于树木的相关知识;接着,我们观看了一部与树木主题相关的影片;最后,我们欣赏了一场专题表演。这场表演详细讲解了保护树木的方法,还让我们深刻认识到保护树木的重要性。 通过这次活动,我明白了树木的重要价值:树木能够涵养水源,还能帮助净化空气,让空气更加清新。从现在起,我会尽自己最大的努力,参与到植树活动中去。 8. 实战演练 假设你是李辉。你校英语报“Protect the Environment”专栏面向全校学生征集主题海报及宣传稿,需要用英语向大家宣讲环保的意义及作为中学生怎样保护环境。请你根据以下海报的提示,以“Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!”为题,用英语写一篇稿件投稿。 要求:1.包括提示中所有的要点;2.条理清晰,可适当发挥;3.稿件中不能出现真实的人名和地名等信息;4.词数:80左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part! The earth is the only home to everyone. It’s crying for our help now. As middle school students, we should do our best to protect the environment. We should take action to make a difference and help save the earth! To protect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting more trees, and reducing pollution. We can also protect animals and recycle things as much as possible. We can also choose to ride a bike instead of driving a car to help stop pollution. Make sure we always throw trash in the proper bins. By doing our part, we can make a positive impact on the environment and create a better future for ourselves and generations to come. 【知识点】意见/建议、环境保护 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇看图作文; ②时态:时态为“一般现在时”; ③提示:根据所给提示完成写作,不能遗漏信息,以第一人称为主。 [写作步骤] 第一步,承接开头,呼吁大家保护地球; 第二步,具体阐述作为中学生怎样保护环境; 第三步,最后宣讲环保的意义。 [亮点词汇] ①make a difference很有影响 ②instead of代替 ③make a positive impact on对……产生积极影响 [高分句型] ①To protect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting more trees, and reducing pollution.(动词不定式作目的状语) ②By doing our part, we can make a positive impact on the environment and create a better future for ourselves and generations to come.(动名词作介词宾语) elderly people(老年人)1 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Protecting the environment 单词 1. n. 鲨鱼 2. n. 塑料adj. 塑料的;可塑的 3. n. 瓶子;一瓶(的量) 4. n. 垃圾箱;大储藏箱 5. v. 回收利用;再利用 6. n. 行为;举止 7. adj. 有害的 8. n. 鲸 9. n. 枪;炮 10. n. 千克;公斤 11. n. 胃;腹部 12. n. 状况;形势 13. adj. 更糟的;更坏的 14. adj. 全球的;全世界的 15. v. 生产;制造 16. n. 吨;大量;许多 17. n. 商品;货品 18. n. 产品;结果 19. n. 垃圾;浪费 v. 浪费 20. v. 影响;使感染 21. v. 导致死亡;杀死;破坏 22. v. 污染;弄脏 23. v. 变差;遭受;受苦 24. adj. 便宜的 25. n. 选项;选择权 26. adj. 可再次使用的 27. adv. 恰当地;正确地 28. n. 解决办法;溶液 29. n. 巨大影响 v. 有作用 30. v. 减少;降低 31. n. 奇迹 32. adv. 几乎不 33. n. 政府 34. adj. 死气沉沉的;无生命的 35. n. 土地;陆地 v. 着陆 36. n. 林务员;护林人 37. n. 开端;开头 38. n. 条件;状况 39 adj. 恶劣的;严酷的 40. n. 一代;一辈 41. n. 技术;工艺 42. v. 存活;幸存;艰难度过 43. n. 世纪;百年 44. n. 精神;心灵 45. v. 鼓舞 46. v. 完成adj. 完全的 47. adj. 自然环境的;生态环境的 48. n. 风景;景色 49. n. 天然气;气体 50. n. 石油;原油;油 51. n. 煤 52. n. 地球;行星 53. n. & v. 增加;增长 54. n. 影响; v. 引起 55. adj. 严重的;严肃的 56. n. (行星的)极;极端 57. v. 融化;(使)熔化 58. v. 造成; n. 原因 59. n. 洪水;大量 60. n. 暴风雨 61. adv. 幸亏;感激地 62. n. 行动;行为 63. n. 设备;仪器;方法 64. v. 设法解决 n. 地址;演讲 短语 1. 去游泳 2. 你在跟我开玩笑。 3. 对……有害 4. 变糟糕 5. 同意做…… 6. 剩余的 7. 大量;无数 8. 容易做 9. 对……有很大影响 10. 把……变成…… 11. 实施 12. 继续 13. 发烧 14. 导致 15. 放慢;放缓 16. 关闭 句型 1.That man over there is his on the beach.那边那个人把垃圾扔到了沙滩上。 2. If we do nothing, the will 如果我们什么都不做,情况会变得更糟糕。 3. the beach?清理一下海滩怎么样? 4.They feel that they at the beach.他们为自己在海滩上有所作为而感到自豪。 5.Humans produce tons of plastic every year.人类每年生产数百万吨塑料。 6.We many plastic only once or twice before they become waste.我们使用的塑料产品仅使用一两次就变成了废物。 7.Bring your own shopping bag using a plastic one. 自带购物袋而不是使用塑料袋。 8.Small in our daily habits will reducing plastic waste.我们日常生活中的小改变将对减少塑料垃圾产生巨大的影响。 9. In 1962, the government to this dead land a forest. 1962年政府决定把这个荒芜的土地改造成森林。 10. It in environmental protection. 它在环境保护方面发挥着重要作用。 11.Nowadays, Saihanba is the largest human-made forest a popular tourist spot.当今塞罕坝不仅是最大的人工林还是受欢迎的旅游景点。 12.Environmental clubs students and teachers bring their lunches in reusable bags and dishes.环保俱乐部鼓励学生和老师们使用可重复利用的袋子和餐具。 语法 1. 动词不定式 一、知识点清单 知识点 1:That man over there is leaving his garbage on the beach.那边那个人把垃圾扔到了沙滩上。(教材p100) (1) leave [动词] 离开 离开A地 When did you Shijiazhuang?你什么时候离开的石家庄? 出发前往A地 They are Shijiazhuang.他们将要出发前往石家庄。 离开B地前往A地 They are leaving Baoding for Shijiazhuang.他们将要离开保定前往石家庄。 [动词] 遗留;遗忘 把某人 / 某物留在某地 I've left my keys at home. 我把钥匙忘在家中了。 (2) [不可数名词] 垃圾 扔掉垃圾 倒垃圾 收集垃圾 We should sort garbage into different groups to protect the environment. 我们应该对垃圾进行分类以保护环境。 不可数名词 生活垃圾(尤指厨余垃圾) 不可数名词 泛指垃圾、无价值的东西 不可数名词 / 动词 (散落的)垃圾;乱扔垃圾 知识点 2:If we do nothing, the situation will get worse.如果我们什么都不做,情况会变得更糟糕。(教材p100) (1)get [动词] 得到;获得 得到某物 He got a new bike as a birthday gift.他收到一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。 给某人某物 给某人某物 Can you get me a glass of water? Can you get a glass of water for me? 你能给我一杯水吗? [动词] 到达 到达某地 When did you get to school this morning?你今早什么时候到学校的? 注意:接副词 / / 时不加介词to [动词] 变得;成为 变得…… The weather gets warmer in spring.春天天气变暖和了。 中考高频固定搭配 起床 He usually gets up at 6:30 a.m. 上 / 下车 We got on the bus at the next stop. 与某人相处融洽 She gets on well with her classmates. get along with sb. (同 get on with sb.) How do you get along with your new friend? get ready for sth. 为某事做准备 They are getting ready for the exam. get to do sth. 有机会做某事;逐渐做 She got to visit the Great Wall last year. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 My mom got me to clean my room. get rid of 摆脱;除去 We need to get rid of bad habits. get back 回来;取回 He got back home from work at 7 p.m. get in 进入;收割(庄稼) The farmers are getting in the rice. get out of 从…… 出来;避免 She got out of the car carefully. get over 克服(困难);恢复 He finally got over his fear of speaking. get together 聚会;团聚 We get together with family on Spring Festival. 中考高频固定搭配 与某人相处融洽 How do you get along with your new friend? 为某事做准备 They are getting ready for the exam. 有机会做某事;逐渐做 She got to visit the Great Wall last year. 让某人做某事 My mom got me to clean my room. 摆脱;除去 We need to get rid of bad habits. 回来;取回 He got back home from work at 7 p.m. 进入;收割(庄稼) The farmers are getting in the rice. 从…… 出来;避免 She got out of the car carefully. 克服(困难);恢复 He finally got over his fear of speaking. 聚会;团聚 We get together with family on Spring Festival. (2)worse worse 更糟糕的/地 / / 的比较级,最高级为 His grades are worse than mine this term.这学期他的成绩比我差。 She felt worse after taking the medicine.吃药后她感觉更不舒服了。 知识点 3: cleaning up the beach?清理一下海滩怎么样?(教材p100) (1) ……怎么样? -It's a fine day.How about going for a walk? 天气真好,去散步怎么样? 怎么样? 怎么样? 同意建议: / That's great! / / Why not? 拒绝建议(委婉): / Sorry, I can't. I need to... 知识点 4:They feel that they at the beach.他们为自己在海滩上有所作为而感到自豪。!(教材P100) (1) [形容词] 自豪的、引以为傲的 对……感到自豪 I’m proud of my hometown.我为我的家乡感到自豪。 对做……感到自豪 He is proud to be a doctor.他为成为一名医生而自豪。 proud + that 从句 对……感到自豪 I’m proud that you passed the interview. [名词] 自豪;骄傲 对……感到自豪 As a teacher, Mr. Li his students’ progress in English.作为老师,李老师为学生们在英语上的进步感到自豪。 知识点 5:Humans tons of plastic every year.人类每年生产数百万吨塑料。(教材P102) (1) [动词] 生产;制造 生产汽车 / 手机 生产粮食 [动词] 产生;引起 产生结果 产生效果 引发问题 中考链接: We can buy fresh ______ like apples and tomatoes at the weekend market.(2023 中考) A.products B. produce C. books D. clothes 答案解析:apples and tomatoes是农产品,produce符合;products指工业成品,不符故选择B。 (2) [数词] 百万 两百万 数百万 He has 5 million dollars.他有五百万美元。 Millions of birds fly south in winter.数百万的鸟冬季会飞往南方。 千 两千 There are students in the school. 数千 stars are in the sky. 十亿 十 亿 The project cost yuan. 数十亿 people use the Internet. 知识点 6:We use many plastic products only once or twice before they become waste.我们使用的塑料产品仅使用一两次就变成了废物。(教材P102) (1 ) [动词] 使用 用某物做某事 He uses a dictionary to look up new words.他用词典查生词。 被用来做某事 Knives are used to cut things.刀被用来切东西。 过去常常做某事 She used to walk to school.她过去常常步行上学。 习惯于(做)某事 He is used to getting up early.他习惯于早起。 [名词] 使用 利用 We should make good use of our time to study hard.我们应该充分利用时间努力学习。 知识点 7:Bring your own shopping bag instead of using a plastic one. 自带购物袋而不是使用塑料袋。(教材P102) (1 ) [副词] 代替,反而 (单独用,句末) I don’t like coffee. I’ll have tea . 我不喜欢咖啡,我要喝茶。 (单独用,句首)需要用逗号 , let’s go to the park this weekend— the museum is closed. 不如这周末去公园吧 —— 博物馆关门了。 代替,而不是 She gave me a hug . 她没有和我握手,而是给了我一个拥抱。 He stayed home . 他呆在家中而没有去聚会。 [副词] 反而;却 I thought he would be angry, but he smiled . 我以为他会生气,可他反而笑了。 知识点 8:Small changes in our daily habits will have a big impact on reducing plastic waste.我们日常生活中的小改变将对减少塑料垃圾产生巨大的影响。(教材P102) (1 ) [可数名词] 习惯 养成习惯 She formed the habit of jogging at 6 a.m. 她养成习惯早上6点慢跑。 戒除习惯 He finally kicked his habit of staying up late.他最终戒除了晚起床的习惯。 改变习惯 It takes time to .改变坏习惯需要花费时间。 做某事的习惯 His made his boss angry.他迟到的习惯使他的老板生气。 好 / 坏习惯 Eating too much sugar is a .吃太多的糖是坏的习惯。 (2 ) 影响 对…… 有影响 Technology has a huge impact on modern life. 科技对现代生活有巨大影响。 知识点 9:In 1962, the government decided to change this dead land into a forest. 1962年政府决定把这个荒芜的土地改造成森林。(教材P104) (1 ) [动词] 决定 决定做某事 I decided to learn English well this semester. 我决定这学期把英语学好。 [名词] 决定 做决定 She to study abroad next year. 她做了一个明年出国留学的决定。 (2) change [动词] 改变 换成…… He his pajamas after work. 从…… 变成…… The leaves green red in autumn. 改变主意 She and decided to stay. [名词]改变 做出改变 I want to in my daily routine. 适应变化 It’s important to in life. 知识点 10:It plays an important role in environmental protection. 它在环境保护方面发挥着重要作用。(教材P104) (1) role [名词] 角色 在…… 中发挥作用 Parents in their children’s growth. 父母在孩子的成长中起重要作用。 知识点 11:Nowadays, Saihanba is not only the largest human-made forest but also a popular tourist spot.当今塞罕坝不仅是最大的人工林还是受欢迎的旅游景点。(教材P105) (1) not only …but also 连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数通常与 “ ” 后的名词保持一致(就近原则)。 Not only Tom but also his parents coming to the party. 不仅汤姆,他的父母也会来参加派对。 知识点 12:Environmental clubs students and teachers to bring their lunches in reusable bags and dishes.环保俱乐部鼓励学生和老师们使用可重复利用的袋子和餐具。(教材P108) (1) [动词] 鼓励 鼓励某人做某事 Teachers often encourage students to ask questions in class. 老师通常鼓励学生在课堂上提问。 鼓励 / 支持某事物 This company encourages innovation among its employees. 这家公司鼓励员工创新。 二、语法点清单 动词不定式(to+原形动词)是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。动词不定式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。 1. 动词不定式作主语:不定式具有名词的特征,可在句子中充当主语: oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。 is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事,做又是另一回事。 2. 用it作形式主语 在很多情况下,人们通常用it作形式上的主语,而把真正主语不定式置于句末,使句子结构显得平衡一些。 It's rude your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 It is impossible a foreign language without effort. 不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。 3. 动词不定式作表语,说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。 My suggestion is the meeting. 我的建议是推迟会议。 4. 动词不定式作宾语。 ①作及物动词的宾语。 He offered us. 他主动向我们提供帮助。 They hoped . 他们希望学好英语。 以下动词后面的宾语用不定式: (负担得起), (同意), (要求), (开始), (继续), (决定), (期待), (希望), (不愿), manage(设法), (表示愿意), (计划), (答应), (拒绝), (想要), (希望)等。 ②用在某些“系表结构”后面作宾语。 I am determined smoking. 我决心戒烟。 注意:类似的系表结构还有:be glad to, be sorry to, be afraid to, be pleased to, be willing to, be eager to, be anxious to, be ready to, be sure to等。 5. 动词不定式作定语,不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。 Do you have ? 你有什么要说的吗? 6. 动词不定式作状语,表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。 She bought a lot of toys . 7.动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上 ,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上 。 三、写作清单 谈论环境保护 1.话题分析 本单元的话题是 “环境保护”,要求学生能清晰描述参与环境保护活动,包括活动目的、内容及结果及学生的自我感受等。学生需运用所学知识,介绍如何保护环境,掌握与环境现状描述、保护环境措施、环境保护的影响以及自我感受的词汇和句型,提升英语写作中叙事和抒情的能力,同时培养对环境保护的认知与责任感。 2.写作内容 以环境保护为主题,描述环境现状,采取哪些措施及活动,阐述在活动中的所见所闻、所做所为,以及活动给自己和他人带来的影响,还可提及活动中的感动瞬间或收获。 3.写作要点 活动内容:尽我绵力,保护树木;介绍这次活动的过程(process)和目的(purpose),然后谈谈你的感受。 所见所闻: Time Friday, October 18th Place Sunshine Garden Purpose protect trees; make our city more beautiful... Process give an introduction of trees; watch a movie about trees; enjoy the show... 感受表达:It was tiring but meaningful. 虽然很累,但很有意义。 4.写作思路提示 【知识点】文体活动、环境保护、记叙文 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇材料作文; ②时态:时态以一般过去时为主; ③提示:写作要点已明确给出,字母大小写规范,标点符号使用正确。 5.写作步骤详解 第一步,先介绍活动的基本信息; 第二步,再按时间顺序描述活动的具体流程; 第三步,最后阐述从活动中获得的收获。6.词汇运用提示 6.亮点词汇 [亮点词汇] ①make...more beautiful使……更美丽 ②tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 [高分句型] Trees can keep the water and help to make the air fresher and cleaner.(用 “and” 并列两个谓语动词)7.句 7.范例作文 Last week, our school had an activity on Friday, October 18th in Sunshine Garden. The activity was about how to protect the trees and make our city more beautiful. We arrived at the garden at 8 o’clock in the morning. First, they gave us an introduction about trees. Then, we watched a movie about trees. At last, we enjoyed the show. The show told us how to protect the trees and it’s very important for us to protect trees. From the activity, I learned the importance of trees. Trees can hold the water and help to make the air fresher and cleaner. From now on, I’ll try my best to plant more trees. 译文: 10 月 18 日(星期五),我们学校在阳光花园举办了一场活动。此次活动的主题是 “如何保护树木,让我们的城市更美丽”。 我们早上 8 点抵达花园。活动伊始,工作人员为我们介绍了关于树木的相关知识;接着,我们观看了一部与树木主题相关的影片;最后,我们欣赏了一场专题表演。这场表演详细讲解了保护树木的方法,还让我们深刻认识到保护树木的重要性。 通过这次活动,我明白了树木的重要价值:树木能够涵养水源,还能帮助净化空气,让空气更加清新。从现在起,我会尽自己最大的努力,参与到植树活动中去。 8. 实战演练 假设你是李辉。你校英语报“Protect the Environment”专栏面向全校学生征集主题海报及宣传稿,需要用英语向大家宣讲环保的意义及作为中学生怎样保护环境。请你根据以下海报的提示,以“Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!”为题,用英语写一篇稿件投稿。 要求:1.包括提示中所有的要点;2.条理清晰,可适当发挥;3.稿件中不能出现真实的人名和地名等信息;4.词数:80左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ elderly people(老年人)1 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 8 Protecting the environment(知识清单)英语冀教版2024八年级上册
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Unit 8 Protecting the environment(知识清单)英语冀教版2024八年级上册
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Unit 8 Protecting the environment(知识清单)英语冀教版2024八年级上册
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