专题13 2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇 (解读+技巧+变式) -2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升

《2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题13 2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇 (解读+技巧+变式) 原卷版 目 录 3 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 高考原题呈现 官方权威评价 考点多维变式 词汇考点变式（变形+生词+短语+单句） 题型解题指导 历年考点解读（说明文） 实用满分技巧（说明文） 题型考点变式（节约持续发展真题+模拟） ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与社会,餐厅奇招节约食物,食物浪费,可持续发展 Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. ( 权威评价哪家 ) 关注全球议题，拓展国际视野 试题选取的语篇材料话题丰富，涉及气候变化、粮食危机、微塑料污染、交通领域碳排放等全球性问题，引导学生从人类命运共同体的视角深入思考问题。全国二卷阅读D篇通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴的案例，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念。全国一卷阅读A篇探讨交通运输领域的碳排放问题，通过数据对比和利弊分析指出未来能源改革的方向，强调加快绿色能源的发展。这些语篇材料通过“指出问题—分析问题—探索方案”的逻辑方法论，引导学生在阅读中培养全球视野，提升逻辑推理能力，强化对全球性问题的认知，培养人类命运共同体意识。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2025年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—社会生活(生活方式) 语篇内容：纽约蓝山餐厅开展两周零浪费实验(用原本会被丢弃的食材制作菜品)以唤起公众对食物浪费问题的关注。 语篇立意：引导学生反思食物浪费现象，并倡导环保生活方式，践行可持续饮食。 语篇长度：330词 文化背景：剩食,一般指因为不好看而被丢弃的食物、餐厅由于菜品需要而弃用的某些部分以及快到期或刚过期不久但实际上仍然可以食用的食物。据联合国粮农组织测算，全球每年约有三分之一(约13亿吨)的食物在生产与消费过程中被浪费或损耗。 语篇结构： ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1.used adj. 用过的→ant. _____________未用过的 2.comfortable adj. 舒适的→ant. _____________不舒服的 3.remind vt. 提醒→n. _____________提醒物；提示 4.pray vt. 祈祷→n. _____________祈祷；祷告文 5.technology n. 技术→adj. _____________技术的；科技的 6.solve vt. 解决→n. _____________解决方案 7.education n. 教育→adj. _____________教育的；有教育意义的 8.exclusive adj. 独家的；专属的→adv. _____________专门地；独占地 9.regard vt. 认为；看待→prep. _____________关于；至于 10.simple adj. 简单的→adv. _____________简单地；仅仅 11.logic n.逻辑→adj. _____________合乎逻辑的 12.conclude vt.推断→n. _____________结论 13.enthusiam n. 热情 →adj. _____________热情的；热心的 14.sustainable adj. 可持续的→n. _____________可持续性 15.short adj. 短的；短缺的→n. _____________短缺；不足 16.custom n. 习俗；习惯→vt. _____________定制；个性化 17.popular adj. 受欢迎的→n. _____________受欢迎程度；知名度 二、识词知意 1.campaign n. _____________ 2.otherwise adv. _____________ 3.tailor-made adj. _____________ 4.determine vt. _____________ 5.average adj. _____________ 6.generate vt. _____________ 7.revenue n. _____________ 8.donate vt. _____________ 9.recycle vt. _____________ 10.note vt. _____________ 11.garbage n. _____________ 12.ingredient n. _____________ 13.review n. _____________ 14.short-lived adj. _____________ 15.nevertheless adv. _____________ 16.address vt. _____________ 17.witness vt. _____________ 18.process n. _____________ 19.criticise vt. _____________ 20.chef n. _____________ 三、高频语块 1.throw away _____________ 2.raise awareness of _____________ 3.up to _____________ 4.be made from _____________ 5.consider doing _____________ 6.with the help of _____________ 7.a number of _____________ 8.serve as _____________ 9.be aware of _____________ 10.as planned _____________ 四、长难句分析 1.A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 翻译：食品浪费联盟的一项研究确定，普通餐厅每实现 1000 美元收入，就会产生 33 磅食品浪费，而在这些浪费中，仅有 15.7% 被捐赠或回收利用。 分析： 2.Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 翻译：然而，它仍能提醒我们：解决可持续性问题的方法有很多，而且几乎任何食材都能被做成一顿美味的饭菜。 分析： 五、真题语料改变单句语法填空 1.Does your soul die a little every time you throw away ___________(used) food? ___________(I) does. 2.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, ___________ the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable ___________(remind) of fact than a prayer at dinner time. 3.Food waste is a ___________(grow) concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. 4.From ___________(technology) solutions ___________ educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of ___________ we’re already growing. 5.But last month, one popular New York City restaurant ___________(try) a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise ___________(throw) away. 6.For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and ___________(serve) items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. 7.Each dish was tailor-made___________(raise) awareness ___________(regard) food waste. 8.A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant ___________(genrate) 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 9.Up to 84.3% is ___________(simple) thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented ___________zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical ___________(conclude). 10.It should ___________(note) that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made ___________ garbage. 11.Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce ___________ most restaurants would never consider ___________(serve). 12.Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet ___________(potato), and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, ___________ the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. 13.Though wastED received ___________(enthusiasm) reviews, it was designed from the start ___________ a short-lived experiment. Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. 14. Nevertheless, it serves ___________ a reminder that there are many ways ___________(address) problems of sustainability, and that you can make an ___________(amaze) meal out of almost anything. ( 解题指导 ) ( 说明 文 满分 作答解题 技巧 ) 一、说明文应对策略 1.选材特点 高考英语阅读理解科普类文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。 2.文体特征 科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（introduction）、背景（background）、主干（main body）和结尾（ending）。标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。 二、阅读策略和解题技巧 任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由语篇特点和试题本身的要求决定的，考生应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。下面向同学们介绍在解科普类阅读理解题目时常用的阅读策略和解题技巧。 1. 运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。 科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。高考科普类说明文一般分为两种类型：实验研究型和介绍说明型。除了遵循上述文本结构的几个部分的模式外，作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（description）（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法（cause and effect）、问题与对策法（problem and solution）。         2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断。  英语文章中有大量的词汇是作者用来联系句子与句子，从而使整篇文章前后贯通、语义明确的。标志词（signal words）就是表明句子间和段落间的逻辑关系、具有词义、语法结构标志作用的词或词组。句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真。 高考作为一种成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。掌握一定的规律对甄别正确选项大有帮助。一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 “张冠李戴”是命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，或者把文中不同地方的信息拼接在一起从而改变了原文的意思。       “偷梁换柱”类型是用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个表示程度、限定的词汇，造成句意的改变。       “无中生有”类型往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，貌似非常正确，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。       “以偏概全”则是以局部代替整体，进行不合理关联或者不准确的概括。 三、阅读理解说明文解题策略 1.细读文章重点 关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。 2.明确说明对象 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。 3.弄清说明顺序 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 4.把握作者态度 说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。 5.吃透长难句子 学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。 6.学会适当放弃 无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。 ( 分类变式 ) 变式一、节约可持续发展主题高考真题 01（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C．, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 1．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A．We pay little attention to food waste. B．We waste food unintentionally at times. C．We waste more vegetables than meat. D．We have good reasons for wasting food. 2．What is a consequence of food waste according to the test? A．Moral decline. B．Environmental harm. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. 3．What does Curtin’s company do? A．It produces kitchen equipment. B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C．It helps local farmers grow fruits. D．It makes meals out of unwanted food. 4．What does Curtin suggest people do? A．Buy only what is needed. B．Reduce food consumption. C．Go shopping once a week. D．Eat in restaurants less often. 02（2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 1．What do people usually think of British food? A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition. C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation. 2．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential. 3．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes. C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters. 03（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 2．What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real-time weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3．What can be concluded about BMF employees? A．They have a great passion for sports. B．They are devoted to community service. C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D．They have a strong environmental awareness. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management. C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards. 04（2010·海南·高考真题）Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense. Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. 1．We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________. A．depend on one sense in choosing food B．are not satisfied with their food C．choose food in similar ways D．eat entirely different food 2．Which of the following eats only one type of food? A．The white butterfly. B．The small bird. C．The bear. D．The fox. 3．Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________. A．the season changes B．the food color changes C．they move to different places D．they are attracted by different smells 4．We can learn from the last paragraph that __________. A．food is chosen for a good reason B．French and British food is good C．some people have few choices of food D．some people care little about healthy diet 05（2016·四川·高考真题）A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off（打瞌睡）—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety（焦虑）.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder（奶粉） made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cow milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who have trouble falling asleep at night. Previous （以前的）studies have also showed that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. 1．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______. A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious C．were less active D．woke up later 2．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A．It’s been tested on mice for ten years. B．It can make people more energetic. C．It exists in milk in great amount. D．It’s used in sleeping drugs. 3．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health 4. How does the author support the theme of the text? A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments. C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research results. 变式二、食物浪费节约环保话题名校好题 01（25-26高三上·云南昆明·阶段练习）How are we going to feed the more than 9 billion people that will live on Earth by 2050? This is a major question for farmers and food scientists. Linked to this problem of producing enough food is having enough land, water, and other natural resources to make that happen. The final solution will surely consist of diverse approaches working together — aquaponics may be one. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture. Hydroponics refers to the science of growing plants without soil in nutrient-rich water. Normally, in a hydroponics system, the nutrients are tailored to meet the growth requirements of the plants. And aquaculture involves the production of fish under controlled conditions, typically intended for human consumption. In an aquaponics system, the fish provide nutrients in the form of their waste, which contains a range of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bacteria (细菌) living in the fish tank turn the waste into nutrients which the plants can absorb. Containing varieties of nutrients, the water in the tank is continuously pumped into a grow bed where the plants are located. The plants absorb the nutrients from the water, and bacteria in the grow bed clean the water by transforming the left waste into nutrients, which the plants can later use for growth. The clean water is then sent back into the fish tank. The grow bed and plants act as a biofilter (生物过滤器), cleaning the water so that the whole system remains healthy. Aquaponics is efficient, producing both fish with high protein content and vegetables with vitamins and minerals from one single system. As an almost-closed system regarding water consumption, it uses minimal water and can be set up in areas that don’t have plenty of water. All that is required is food for the fish. Additionally, aquaponics is a model for sustainable food production because it recycles all of the materials it uses. 1. How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By giving definitions. B. By presenting arguments. C. By analyzing theories. D. By making comparisons. 2. What can we learn about an aquaponics system? A. Its plants use the fish waste directly. B. Its components coexist for survival. C. Its grow bed supplies space for fish. D. Its bacteria control the plant growth. 3. Which is an advantage of aquaponics? A. Raising protein content in plants. B. Using recycled materials to build. C. Lowering the water consumption. D. Requiring zero human assistance. 4. Which might be a suitable title for the text? A. All Creatures Are Connected B. Hunger: Fight It Till the End C. Feeding the Future with Less D. Closed System: Final Solution 02（25-26高一上·广东东莞·阶段练习）People have different ways of dealing with waste paper, specifically used newspapers. Some put them in the recycling area, while others keep them as wrappers (包装纸) . While these are both good measures, a Japanese publishing company had a better idea for their end use. The Mainichi Newspapers Co. , Ltd. invented the “Green Newspaper”, which allows people to grow plants with it. This unique newspaper was published on Greenery Day, which is focused on environmental news and made of green paper with seeds placed into it. What makes it even more special is the ink (油墨) used to print words and photos, which is made from plants. The publisher advises readers to tear the used newspaper into small pieces and plant them in a container with soil. They should water them, like they would do for any plant. Within a few weeks, the seeds will grow into plants. This brilliant concept was invented by Dentsu Inc. , one of Japan’s most famous advertising agencies, which works with the publishing company on the initiative (倡议) . The publisher’s belief is environmental sustainability (持续性) . As its mission statement says, “The Mainichi doesn’t take action only through information, but also by solving global issues. ” With joint efforts, this initiative has reached the corners of Japan and sold around millions of copies daily. Other such initiatives producing plantable paper are also seen in India and the US. About 95 million trees are lost for producing newspapers every year. The Internet, the number of whose users stands for 62. 5 percent of the population worldwide, has influenced how people read news and the print readership has dropped greatly. However, the reinvention and reimagination of this newspaper will bring about a change in the publishing industry as well as having an environmental influence. 1. What do we know about the “Green Newspaper”? A. It uses high-tech materials. B. It provides energy for seeds. C. It’s printed with plant-based ink. D. It’s published to celebrate Greenery Day. 2. What message does the publisher’s mission statement communicate? A. It’s easier said than done. B. Everything comes to him who waits. C. Many hands make light work. D. Actions speak louder than words. 3. What’s the author’s attitude to the “Green Newspaper”? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Uninterested. D. Negative. r 4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. About 59 million trees are cut down to produce newspapers every year. B. The Internet has changed the way people read news totally and forever. C. The “Green Newspaper” will change publishing and benefit the environment. D. The popularity of the Internet leads to the invention of the “Green Newspaper”. 03（2025·浙江·一模）As the global population continues to expand, traditional farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton, Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering remarkable efficiency and sustainability. It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere. The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions. “Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands, they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks. One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited. Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome. 1. What is the main feature of the innovative farming system? A. It demands water-free technology. B. It gets high yields with little input. C. It is widely introduced in the world. D. It mixes old and new farming methods. 2. What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system? A. They are gene editors. B. They are machine operators. C. They are system monitors. D. They are plant programmers. 3. What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system? A. Low public acceptance. B. Great farmland loss. C. Poor production facilities. D. High energy demands. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 04（25-26高三上·河南新乡·阶段练习）Advocates of the idea that National Parks are “America’s best idea” are now championing another brilliant concept — A unique conservation effort is currently being highlighted. The effort has something to do with beavers (海狸). In 2019, researchers began bringing captured beavers that had become troublesome to humans to the San Rafael and Price Rivers in Eastern Utah. The idea is that beavers, often considered nature’s engineers, reshape river landscapes by cutting down trees and building dams. All of this busy activity conserves water and creates wetlands that sustain countless other species. According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, beavers are “one of the most cost-efficient and sustainable solutions for ecological restoration.” And the rivers are indeed in need of ecological restoration. Human activities including the constructions of reservoirs (水库), dams, and diversions have reduced their crucial water supplies and consequently degraded natural habitats of the local plants and animals, as reported by Utah State Magazine. Two years after the beavers joined the small pre-existing population, Emma Doden, a then-Utah State University graduate student who participated in the conservation experiment, told reporters that her team found dams in regions where they had previously never been observed. While many of the 47 total translocated beavers died or moved away from the target restoration area, “a few of these beavers stuck where we put them. And even the ones that didn’t — we found some moved 12 miles downstream, which is pretty far for a small animal — they are probably still helping the system, as the river is so degraded,” she said. In 2023, the experimental project was still working. The researchers saw more dams than before their study on beaver translocation, behavioral ecologist Julie Young at Utah State University told The Wildlife Society. Some beavers improved regions of pre-existing analogous dams, which were human-made beaver-like dams built for environmental restoration purposes. “What heavy machinery and government programs couldn’t do, a few rodents (啮齿动物) pulling sticks through the mud did better,” she concludes. 1. Why were beavers relocated to Eastern Utah rivers? A. To help restore river ecosystems. B. To provide them with a better habitat. C. To protect trees along the river banks. D. To strengthen the water-related facilities. 2. What can we learn about the beavers in the experiment? A. They adapted to the new area immediately. B. They relied on existing dams to establish homes. C. They posed a terrible threat to the native species. D. They expanded dam-building activities successfully. 3. What is Julie’s attitude towards the beaver project? A. Mixed. B. Critical. C. Worried. D. Positive. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Water Quality Improves with Beavers B. A Natural Solution to Utah Ecosystem C. Beavers Put to Work to Save Utah Rivers D. The Role of National Parks in Conservation 05（25-26高三上·内蒙古·阶段练习）Feeding the world’s growing population sustainably presents a significant environmental challenge, as traditional farming practices often overuse resources through too much water use, deforestation, soil loss, and pesticide (杀虫剂) overuse. To ameliorate this, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is exploring soilless agriculture as a potentially more environmentally sound alternative. This innovative technique involves growing crops with their roots covered in nutrient-rich water. A recent WWF report highlights the potential of soilless agriculture to conserve both land and water resources. By getting rid of the need for soil, it also avoids soil loss, minimizes food loss through carefully controlled environments, and reduces the reliance on pesticides. For example, greenhouse hydroponics (水培) requires only about 10% of the water used in traditional farming while occupying significantly less land. Vertical (垂直的) hydroponics, which involves growing crops arranged in layers, further reduces land and water requirements, although it currently necessitates artificial lighting that consumes a lot of energy. Interestingly, the WWF study revealed that conventionally grown lettuce in California currently has a lower carbon footprint compared to lettuce potentially grown in a soilless system in St. Louis. However, the report suggests that advancements in lighting technologies and a shift towards a more renewable energy power network could make soilless agriculture a more effective food production method in the future. Innovation such as light-related fibers for direct sunlight transmission indoors and genetic engineering to develop crops specifically suited for indoor environments holds promise for enhancing the sustainability of soilless farming. Demonstrating its commitment to this approach, WWF has brought together various investors to partner with vertical farms in launching a soilless agriculture facility in St. Louis. This joint effort aims to establish a truly innovative farm by reusing local materials and focusing on achieving both environmental and social objectives. St. Louis was selected as the site for this pilot program due to the availability of unused buildings suitable for transformation into indoor farms and its strong pool of plant science professionals. 1. Which can replace the underlined word “ameliorate” in paragraph 1? A. Assess. B. Improve. C. Clarify. D. Predict. 2. What can we know about vertical hydroponics? A. It is water-free. B. It is cost-effective. C. It is short-lived. D. It is energy-intensive. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Traditional farming’s advantages. B. Soilless agriculture’s future vision. C. Applications of lighting technologies. D. Challenges for a soilless system. 4. Why did WWF choose St. Louis to carry out the program? A. It meets physical and technical needs. B. It provides WWF with more resources. C. It has experience in soilless agriculture. D. It offers ways of stopping local pollution. 06（25-26高三上·四川成都·阶段练习）In 2024, over 700 million people around the world faced hunger, a crisis worsened by climate change, conflict and economic instability, according to the United Nations. As the food system struggles under these pressures, new technologies are emerging to address these global challenges. One such innovation, electro-agriculture, offers a potential solution. Electro-agriculture uses electricity to free agriculture from traditional limitations like sunlight, land and soil, potentially revolutionizing the way we grow food and opening the door to a more sustainable and efficient food system. It employs electrolysis (电解) to turn carbon dioxide and water into nutrients that plants require. The core process involves tandem electrolysis, a two-step method that first reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) and then turns CO into acetate (醋酸钙) — a vital carbon source for plants. The acetate provides plants with the energy and building blocks needed for growth, allowing them to grow without the need for sunlight. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, approximately 53.6 million people in the U.S. live in low-income and low-access areas, where ways to obtain nutritious food are limited. When these areas occur in cities, they’re often known as urban food deserts, and electro-agriculture could significantly impact them. Without land, water and sunlight limitations, electro-agriculture could bring food production directly to cities, reducing reliance on long distance transportation and improving food accessibility. So far, electro-agriculture has-succeeded in growing mushrooms, algae and yeast. The team’s current experiments are focused on tomatoes, lettuce, and other small-scale crops, with hopes of extending to high-calorie crops like grains and sweet potatoes in the future. However, to succeed with these crops, the team must genetically modify them to metabolize (代谢) acetate, a process that’s not yet possible for all plants. Acetate must be turned into usable energy for growth, and the team is working on enhancing plants’ ability to do this. 1. What is the purpose of electro-agriculture? A. To reduce the cost of food transportation. B. To increase the nutritional value of vegetables. C. To offer a sustainable solution for food production. D. To improve crops’ ability to adapt to extreme weather. 2. How does acetate work in electro-agriculture? A. By cutting down on carbon emissions. B. By enhancing plants’ resistance to diseases. C. By providing essential conditions for plant growth. D. By improving soil quality to promote plant growth. 3. Which of the following words could best describe electro-agriculture? A. Practical and promising. B. Traditional and productive. C. Efficient and well-received. D. Complex and time-consuming. 4. What can we learn about the research team from the last paragraph? A. They focus on finding an alternative to acetate. B. They are working to help crops metabolize acetate. C. They are intended to save energy during plant growth. D. They have experimented with growing high-calorie crops. 07（25-26高三上·四川遂宁·期中）A research team from the University of California has developed a new type of fully biodegradable plastic derived from seaweed, offering a promising solution to the global plastic pollution crisis. The findings, published in a leading scientific journal in September 2025, demonstrate that this innovative material decomposes completely in natural environments within weeks, unlike conventional plastics that persist for centuries. The research process involved extracting specific polymers from common brown seaweed and modifying them to create a durable yet flexible material. Laboratory tests confirmed that the new bioplastic possesses strength comparable to traditional plastic packaging. Most significantly, when exposed to soil or seawater, it breaks down into harmless organic matter through natural microbial activity. Field experiments showed complete decomposition within four to eight weeks, leaving no microplastic residues. The production method is also energy-efficient, requiring 30% less energy than conventional plastic manufacturing. Dr. Emily Chen, the lead researcher, expressed cautious optimism about the potential impact. “This material could revolutionize packaging industries, particularly for food and consumer goods,” she stated. However, she acknowledged the challenges ahead, noting that “scaling up production while maintaining cost competitiveness with established plastics remains a significant hurdle.” Several major companies have already shown interest in adopting this technology, recognizing both its environmental benefits and growing consumer demand for sustainable products. The team is now focusing on optimizing the material for various commercial applications and conducting further tests to ensure its safety and durability meet industry standards. 1. What is the main advantage of the new bioplastic discussed in the passage? A. It breaks down completely in natural environments. B. It is cheaper to produce than traditional plastic. C. It is stronger than any existing plastic material. D. It can be produced from any type of plant. 2. According to the passage, how does the new bioplastic break down? A. Through recycling processes in special facilities. B. By dissolving quickly in water. C. Through the natural action of microorganisms. D. By exposure to sunlight only. 3. What can be inferred about the future of this bioplastic from Dr. Chen’s comments? A. It will immediately replace all conventional plastics. B. Its production cost is currently lower than traditional plastic. C. There are still obstacles to its widespread adoption. D. It is only suitable for food packaging. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To warn about the dangers of plastic pollution. B. To describe the process of seaweed farming. C. To explain the history of plastic development. D. To report on an environmentally friendly plastic alternative. 08（25-26高二上·云南·阶段练习）New research has compared whether food waste is reduced more by consumers who are driven by sustainability or those driven by nutrition and health. With somewhat unexpected findings, the study highlights the need to reconsider our approach to addressing the issue of food waste. According to the United Nations Environment Program’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 19% of food available to consumers in 2022 was wasted at the retail (零售), food service, and household level. That is 1.05 billion tons of food waste. Meanwhile, in the same year, 783 million people went hungry, and a third of the world’s population faced food insecurity. To identify what methods were better at reducing household food waste, researchers from the Center for Global Food and Resources in the School of Economics and Public Policy at the University of Adelaide, looked at the difference between consumer food choices based on either sustainability or nutrition and health. Their findings were interesting and somewhat beyond expectation. The researchers recruited 1,030 adults to participate in an online survey that explored aspects of household food consumption behavior. After analyzing the data, the researchers observed that a focus on nutrition had a significant and negative relationship with food waste. Further, being nutrition-focused also had a significant and positive relationship with meal planning behavior, and a significant and negative relationship with over-purchasing. “People who prioritize healthy eating tend to plan meals and avoid over-purchasing behaviors that significantly reduce food waste,” said Nguyen, an author of the study. The researchers said their findings show that a shift in thinking is needed if food waste is to be addressed effectively on a societal level. “Rather than focusing on sustainability as a standalone concept, future food waste reduction campaigns should emphasize the link between nutrition and food waste,” said Nguyen. “People are often more motivated by personal health benefits than by abstract environmental concerns, so framing waste reduction as part of a healthy lifestyle could be more persuasive.” 1. Why does the author mention the report? A. To find new ways to reduce waste. B. To encourage people to save more food. C. To compare different countries’ waste habits. D. To present the fact about global food waste. 2. Which survey question would match this study? A. Do you make weekly meal plans? B. How much do you spend on clothing? C. Have you studied food supply systems? D. Why does nutrition knowledge change shopping? 3. What solution do researchers suggest? A. Making less food. B. Changing how we think. C. Only focusing on nature. D. Choosing different foods. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. A Survey on Global Hunger B. Solving Hunger with Sustainability C. Reducing Food Waste in Retail Stores D. The Link Between Nutrition and Food Waste 09（重庆市2025-2026学年高二上学期10月期中英语试题）In an era of climate change and growing food insecurity, the issue of food waste has reached critical levels. A recent report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) revealed that in 2022, over 1 billion tons of food, equivalent to one-fifth of all food available to consumers, was wasted globally. This is not just a social and ethical concern in a world where millions go hungry; it's also a significant environmental problem. Food waste that ends up in landfills decomposes anaerobically (without oxygen), producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential many times greater than carbon dioxide. The resources used to produce wasted food — water, land, energy, labor, and capital — are also squandered. Reducing food waste is therefore recognized as a crucial strategy in the fight against climate change. Addressing this challenge requires a multi-faceted approach. At the consumer level, better meal planning, proper food storage, understanding “best before” labels, and using leftovers creatively can make a substantial difference. Retailers can improve inventory management, donate surplus edible food, and standardize date labeling. Governments can set national reduction targets, support food donation programs, and invest in infrastructure for composting and anaerobic digestion, which can turn food waste into renewable energy or fertilizer. Technology is also playing a role. Apps connecting consumers with restaurants and stores selling surplus food at a discount are gaining popularity. Smart packaging that indicates actual food freshness and improved supply chain tracking can also help reduce losses. Tackling food waste is a complex but solvable problem. By working together across the supply chain, from farm to fork, we can conserve precious resources, mitigate climate change, and move towards a more sustainable food system. 1. What percentage of food available to consumers was wasted globally in 2022 according to the UNEP report? A. About 5%. B. About 10%. C. About 20%. D. About 50%. 2. Why is food waste in landfills considered a major environmental problem? A. Because it attracts pests and causes diseases. B. Because it produces methane and wastes resources used in production. C. Because it takes up too much space that could be used for housing. D. Because it pollutes groundwater with harmful chemicals. 3. What is suggested as a measure that retailers can take? A. Set national reduction targets. B. Invest in composting infrastructure. C. Develop apps to sell surplus food. D. Improve inventory management and donate surplus food. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards solving the food waste problem? A. Pessimistic. B. Indifferent. C. Optimistic. D. Critical. 10（25-26高三上·福建莆田·开学考试）Food waste is a major problem around the world. Each year, billions of tons of food are thrown away, while many people go hungry. Reducing food waste at home is not only good for the environment but also helps save money. Here are some simple tips to help you cut down on food waste. First, plan your meals before going shopping. Make a list of the ingredients you need for the week and stick to it. This way, you won’t buy more food than you can use. Avoid impulse purchases, which often lead to food being left unused and eventually thrown away. Planning meals also helps you use ingredients more efficiently, as you can plan to use the same ingredients in multiple dishes.​ Second, store food properly. Different types of food require different storage methods to stay fresh. For example, fruits like bananas and apples should be stored at room temperature, while vegetables like carrots and lettuce need to be kept in the refrigerator. Using airtight containers can help keep food fresh for longer. Labeling food with the date you bought it can also help you keep track of when it will expire, so you can use it before it goes bad.​ Third, use leftovers wisely. Instead of throwing away leftover food, find ways to reuse it. For example, leftover rice can be used to make fried rice, and leftover vegetables can be added to soups or stir-fries. You can also freeze leftovers for later use. Freezing is a great way to preserve food for weeks or even months, so you can enjoy it at a later time.​ Finally, be mindful of portion sizes. When cooking or serving food, avoid making more than you need. If you’re not sure how much to make, start with smaller portions. You can always make more if needed. This helps prevent food from being left on plates and thrown away.​ By following these simple tips, you can reduce food waste at home and make a positive impact on the environment and your wallet.​ 1. What is the first tip to reduce food waste at home?​ A. Freeze leftover food.​ B. Serve small portions.​ C. Use airtight containers.​ D. Plan meals before shopping. 2. How can storing food properly help reduce waste?​ A. It makes food taste better.​ B. It allows food to stay fresh longer.​ C. It makes food easier to cook.​ D. It helps food look more appealing.​ 3. What can leftover rice be used for according to the passage?​ A. Making soup.​ B. Making fried rice.​ C. Freezing for future use.​ D. Adding to stir-fries.​ 4. What is the main purpose of the passage?​ A. To explain why food waste is a problem.​ B. To encourage people to donate food.​ C. To provide tips on reducing food waste at home.​ D. To discuss the environmental impact of food waste. 11（25-26高一上·山东烟台·阶段练习）There’s nothing wrong with a tomato that isn’t perfectly round or a peach with an extra dimple (小洼) or two; they still carry the same advantages and tastes as the kinds we’re used to seeing in grocery stores. Farmers throw away these imperfect fruit and vegetables, as many grocery chains won’t buy them for fear that they are unsellable. However, a growing group of grocery chains are fighting to make these discarded fruit and vegetables part of customers’ buying habits. One such business is imperfect produce, a start-up that provides fresh ugly produce for customers. Through this service, you can get up to 20 pounds of fruit and vegetables for around $20 a week. This is about a 30 percent discount (折扣) compared to what’s now sold in stores. Recently, the company had a major advancement when Whole Foods Market accepted their partnership and agreed to sell the ugly produce. While this movement might be a new trend here in the U.S., it’s already gained serious momentum (势头) in Europe. In 2014, the EU announced the European Year Against Food Waste, with French supermarket chain Intermarché organizing a very successful movement called Inglorious Fruits and Vegetables and England’s Waitrose selling imperfect apples caused by terrible weather. In Portugal, a similar company to Imperfect produce called Fruta Feia has also taken off. Buying the unfortunate-looking produce should be attractive to customers not only because of the affordability, but also because of the support it gives to farmers and the direct impact it has on reducing food waste and environmental pollution. When the discarded fruit and vegetables break down, they release (释放) methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. When released into the air, it is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 20-year period. Waste is, in fact, the ugliest thing of all. 1. What does the underlined word “discarded” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Thrown away. B. Collected. C. Eaten up. D. Packed. 2. What is the purpose of Imperfect produce? A. To make more money. B. To sell unattractive goods. C. To get discounts from farmers. D. To challenge Whole Foods Market. 3. What can we learn about Europe from paragraph 3? A. It has more successful food chains than the U.S. B. It is facing the serious problem of poor weather. C. It hardly produces misshapen fruit and vegetables. D. It solves the problem of ugly produce earlier than America. 4. How does wasted produce harm the environment according to paragraph 4? A. It pollutes the farms. B. It gives off a bad smell. C. It leads to global warming. D. It produces lots of carbon dioxide. 12（25-26高二上·河南南阳·阶段练习）Garbage is unavoidable in the restaurant business. Kitchen employees toss onion skins and meat fat into the wastebasket almost by instinct. The garbage then finds its way into black bags for trash-day pickup. Plastic bags are ordered by the bundle and then often thrown away. At the Brooklyn restaurant Rhodora, however, taking out the trash works a little differently. The new restaurant is one of a small number of places that have begun to operate under a zero-waste idea. It means they do not send any trash or food waste that enters their business to a landfill (垃圾填埋场). There is not even a traditional trash can in the restaurant. They have brought in tools to help cut down on waste. A paper cutter turns wine boxes into fertilizer. A dish washing setup changes salt into soap. Beeswax (蜂蜡) wrap takes the place of plastic wrap. The aim is to lessen the restaurant’s environmental impact while running a profitable business. There’s a possible added benefit improving the eco-consciousness of its customers. “It’s not secret knowledge,” said Henry Rich, a co-owner of Rhodora. “It’s just a couple of things that are very specific. You need to kind of re-engineer how you think about operating a restaurant.” The paper menus feature a mini-essay on the restaurant’s green mission. They are fed to the compost pile when they get old or worn out. Anything left on a customer’s plate gets fed into the fertilizer. Natural wine bottles and most other containers are removed for recycling. Corks (软木塞) are also donated to a recycling program that reuses the material for shoe soles (鞋底) and yoga blocks (瑜伽垫). The first set of fertilizer will be used to fertilize the restaurant’s mini-gardens on top of the storage boxes outside of the restaurant, and possibly a rooftop farm somewhere else. Despite all these efforts to ensure its space is zero waste, the Rhodora system isn’t perfect. It hasn’t been determined, for example, what the answer is to disposing of a dishwasher beyond repair. “I don’t want to pretend we have everything figured out,” Mr. Rich said. 1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To criticize traditional restaurants’ waste. B. To ask how to solve restaurant waste. C. To describe common waste disposal before introducing a contrast. D. To emphasize plastic bags’ environmental impact. 2. We can learn from the article that Rhodora hopes to . A. reduce pressures of restaurants B. make zero-waste a mainstream concept C. change the model of running a restaurant D. strengthen eco-consciousness among people 3. What do we know about Rhodora’s handling of waste from the passage? A. Outdated paper menus are recycled into new menu sheets. B. Leftover food from customers is used to make fertilizer. C. Plastic wrap is reused after being cleaned properly. D. Broken dishwashers are currently disposed of in landfills. 4. What can be inferred from Mr. Rich’s words? A. Rhodora’s zero-waste model is ultimately a failure. B. The restaurant avoids discussing its challenges publicly. C. Achieving absolute zero waste may face practical limitations. D. Customers are misled about the restaurant’s environmental efforts. $ 《2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题13 2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇 (解读+技巧+变式) 解析版 目 录 1 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 高考原题呈现 官方权威评价 考点多维变式 词汇考点变式（变形+生词+短语+单句） 题型解题指导 历年考点解读（说明文） 实用满分技巧（说明文） 题型考点变式（节约持续发展真题+模拟） 3 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与社会,餐厅奇招节约食物,食物浪费,可持续发展 Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 32.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)”可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 34.主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。 ( 权威评价哪家 ) 关注全球议题，拓展国际视野 试题选取的语篇材料话题丰富，涉及气候变化、粮食危机、微塑料污染、交通领域碳排放等全球性问题，引导学生从人类命运共同体的视角深入思考问题。全国二卷阅读D篇通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴的案例，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念。全国一卷阅读A篇探讨交通运输领域的碳排放问题，通过数据对比和利弊分析指出未来能源改革的方向，强调加快绿色能源的发展。这些语篇材料通过“指出问题—分析问题—探索方案”的逻辑方法论，引导学生在阅读中培养全球视野，提升逻辑推理能力，强化对全球性问题的认知，培养人类命运共同体意识。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2025年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—社会生活(生活方式) 语篇内容：纽约蓝山餐厅开展两周零浪费实验(用原本会被丢弃的食材制作菜品)以唤起公众对食物浪费问题的关注。 语篇立意：引导学生反思食物浪费现象，并倡导环保生活方式，践行可持续饮食。 语篇长度：330词 文化背景：剩食,一般指因为不好看而被丢弃的食物、餐厅由于菜品需要而弃用的某些部分以及快到期或刚过期不久但实际上仍然可以食用的食物。据联合国粮农组织测算，全球每年约有三分之一(约13亿吨)的食物在生产与消费过程中被浪费或损耗。 语篇结构： ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1.used adj. 用过的→ant. _____________未用过的 2.comfortable adj. 舒适的→ant. _____________不舒服的 3.remind vt. 提醒→n. _____________提醒物；提示 4.pray vt. 祈祷→n. _____________祈祷；祷告文 5.technology n. 技术→adj. _____________技术的；科技的 6.solve vt. 解决→n. _____________解决方案 7.education n. 教育→adj. _____________教育的；有教育意义的 8.exclusive adj. 独家的；专属的→adv. _____________专门地；独占地 9.regard vt. 认为；看待→prep. _____________关于；至于 10.simple adj. 简单的→adv. _____________简单地；仅仅 11.logic n.逻辑→adj. _____________合乎逻辑的 12.conclude vt.推断→n. _____________结论 13.enthusiam n. 热情 →adj. _____________热情的；热心的 14.sustainable adj. 可持续的→n. _____________可持续性 15.short adj. 短的；短缺的→n. _____________短缺；不足 16.custom n. 习俗；习惯→vt. _____________定制；个性化 17.popular adj. 受欢迎的→n. _____________受欢迎程度；知名度 【答案】1.unused 2.uncomfortable 3.reminder 4.prayer 5.technological 6.solution 7.educational 8.exclusively 9.regarding 10.simply 11.logical 12.conclusion 13.enthusiastic 14.sustainability 15.shortage 16.customize 17.popularity 二、识词知意 1.campaign n. _____________ 2.otherwise adv. _____________ 3.tailor-made adj. _____________ 4.determine vt. _____________ 5.average adj. _____________ 6.generate vt. _____________ 7.revenue n. _____________ 8.donate vt. _____________ 9.recycle vt. _____________ 10.note vt. _____________ 11.garbage n. _____________ 12.ingredient n. _____________ 13.review n. _____________ 14.short-lived adj. _____________ 15.nevertheless adv. _____________ 16.address vt. _____________ 17.witness vt. _____________ 18.process n. _____________ 19.criticise vt. _____________ 20.chef n. _____________ 21. re-appropriated adj. _____________ 【答案】1.运动；活动 2.否则；不然；在其他方面 3.量身定制的；特制的 4.确定；决定 5.平均的；普通的；6.产生；生成；创造 7.收入；收益8.捐赠；捐献 9.回收利用；循环利用 10.注意；留意；记录 11.垃圾；废弃物 12.成分；原料 13.评论；评述 14.短暂的；短期的 15.然而；不过16.处理；解决；向……讲话 17.目睹；见证；目击 18.过程；进程；步骤 19.批评；指责；评论 20.厨师；主厨 21. 重新调配的 三、高频语块 1.throw away _____________ 2.raise awareness of _____________ 3.up to _____________ 4.be made from _____________ 5.consider doing _____________ 6.with the help of _____________ 7.a number of _____________ 8.serve as _____________ 9.be aware of _____________ 10.as planned _____________ 【答案】 1.扔掉；丢弃 2.提高对…… 的认识 3.多达；直到；由……决定 4.由……制成 5.考虑做某事 6.在……的帮助下 7.若干；许多 8.用作；充当 9.意识到 10.按计划 四、长难句分析 1.A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 翻译：食品浪费联盟的一项研究确定，普通餐厅每实现 1000 美元收入，就会产生 33 磅食品浪费，而在这些浪费中，仅有 15.7% 被捐赠或回收利用。 分析：by the Food Waste Alliance是介词短语作定语；that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled引导宾语从句。 2.Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 翻译：然而，它仍能提醒我们：解决可持续性问题的方法有很多，而且几乎任何食材都能被做成一顿美味的饭菜。 分析：that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability和that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything是两个同位语从句。 五、真题语料改变单句语法填空 1.Does your soul die a little every time you throw away ___________(used) food? ___________(I) does. 2.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, ___________ the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable ___________(remind) of fact than a prayer at dinner time. 3.Food waste is a ___________(grow) concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. 4.From ___________(technology) solutions ___________ educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of ___________ we’re already growing. 5.But last month, one popular New York City restaurant ___________(try) a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise ___________(throw) away. 6.For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and ___________(serve) items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. 7.Each dish was tailor-made___________(raise) awareness ___________(regard) food waste. 8.A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant ___________(genrate) 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 9.Up to 84.3% is ___________(simple) thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented ___________zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical ___________(conclude). 10.It should ___________(note) that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made ___________ garbage. 11.Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce ___________ most restaurants would never consider ___________(serve). 12.Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet ___________(potato), and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, ___________ the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. 13.Though wastED received ___________(enthusiasm) reviews, it was designed from the start ___________ a short-lived experiment. Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. 14. Nevertheless, it serves ___________ a reminder that there are many ways ___________(address) problems of sustainability, and that you can make an ___________(amaze) meal out of almost anything. 【答案】1. unused, Mine 2. where, reminder 3. growing 4. technological, to, what 5. tried, be thrown 6. served 7. to raise, regarding 8. generates 9. simply, with, conclusion 10. be noted, from 11. that/which, serving 12. potatoes, with 13. enthusiastic, as 14. as, to address, amazing ( 解题指导 ) ( 说明 文 满分 作答解题 技巧 ) 一、说明文应对策略 1.选材特点 高考英语阅读理解科普类文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。 2.文体特征 科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（introduction）、背景（background）、主干（main body）和结尾（ending）。标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。 二、阅读策略和解题技巧 任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由语篇特点和试题本身的要求决定的，考生应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。下面向同学们介绍在解科普类阅读理解题目时常用的阅读策略和解题技巧。 1. 运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。 科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。高考科普类说明文一般分为两种类型：实验研究型和介绍说明型。除了遵循上述文本结构的几个部分的模式外，作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（description）（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法（cause and effect）、问题与对策法（problem and solution）。         2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断。  英语文章中有大量的词汇是作者用来联系句子与句子，从而使整篇文章前后贯通、语义明确的。标志词（signal words）就是表明句子间和段落间的逻辑关系、具有词义、语法结构标志作用的词或词组。句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真。 高考作为一种成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。掌握一定的规律对甄别正确选项大有帮助。一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 “张冠李戴”是命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，或者把文中不同地方的信息拼接在一起从而改变了原文的意思。       “偷梁换柱”类型是用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个表示程度、限定的词汇，造成句意的改变。       “无中生有”类型往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，貌似非常正确，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。       “以偏概全”则是以局部代替整体，进行不合理关联或者不准确的概括。 三、阅读理解说明文解题策略 1.细读文章重点 关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。 2.明确说明对象 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。 3.弄清说明顺序 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 4.把握作者态度 说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。 5.吃透长难句子 学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。 6.学会适当放弃 无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。 ( 分类变式 ) 变式一、节约可持续发展主题高考真题 01（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C．, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 1．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A．We pay little attention to food waste. B．We waste food unintentionally at times. C．We waste more vegetables than meat. D．We have good reasons for wasting food. 2．What is a consequence of food waste according to the test? A．Moral decline. B．Environmental harm. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. 3．What does Curtin’s company do? A．It produces kitchen equipment. B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C．It helps local farmers grow fruits. D．It makes meals out of unwanted food. 4．What does Curtin suggest people do? A．Buy only what is needed. B．Reduce food consumption. C．Go shopping once a week. D．Eat in restaurants less often. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。 02（2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 1．What do people usually think of British food? A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition. C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation. 2．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential. 3．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes. C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。 03（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 2．What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real-time weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3．What can be concluded about BMF employees? A．They have a great passion for sports. B．They are devoted to community service. C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D．They have a strong environmental awareness. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management. C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 04（2010·海南·高考真题）Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense. Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. 1．We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________. A．depend on one sense in choosing food B．are not satisfied with their food C．choose food in similar ways D．eat entirely different food 2．Which of the following eats only one type of food? A．The white butterfly. B．The small bird. C．The bear. D．The fox. 3．Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________. A．the season changes B．the food color changes C．they move to different places D．they are attracted by different smells 4．We can learn from the last paragraph that __________. A．food is chosen for a good reason B．French and British food is good C．some people have few choices of food D．some people care little about healthy diet 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了动物和人选择食物的方法相似以及一些动物选择食物的偏向性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一行“Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense. ”（许多动物确定那是自己的食物是因为它们看到了食物。人类也是如此。选择食物时，你还可以使用其他感官。少数动物仅依靠一种感觉选择食物，而大多数动物则使用一种以上的感觉。）因此动物和人类在选择食物的时候，使用的方法可能是一致的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶) will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.”（即使花园中还有很多其他蔬菜，一种白蝴蝶却会留在卷心菜的叶子上。）即白蝴蝶只吃一种食物。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.”（这些动物的饮食会因季节的不同而有所不同）可知，说明有些动物的食物可能会随着季节的变化而发生改变。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health.”（我们经常吃某些食物是因为我们喜欢它，而不是因为它对我们有好处。在法国和英国等国家，人们吃的食物含糖过多。这使他们超重，对他们的健康不利。）因此可知有些人很少关注健康饮食。故选D。 05（2016·四川·高考真题）A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off（打瞌睡）—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety（焦虑）.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder（奶粉） made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cow milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who have trouble falling asleep at night. Previous （以前的）studies have also showed that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. 1．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______. A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious C．were less active D．woke up later 2．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A．It’s been tested on mice for ten years. B．It can make people more energetic. C．It exists in milk in great amount. D．It’s used in sleeping drugs. 3．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Night Milk and Sleep B．Fat Sugar and Health C．An Experiment on Mice D．Milk Drinking and Health 4．How does the author support the theme of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By stating arguments. C．By explaining statistical data. D．By providing research results. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【分析】.本文讲述了晚上牛奶和睡眠的关系，晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，这种物质可以帮助睡眠。 1． 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.可知，喂晚上牛奶的那些老鼠比喂白天牛奶的老鼠更不活跃，更不焦虑。故喂白天牛奶的老鼠更焦虑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。由第二段“Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more melatonin, which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety”可知，褪黑色素可以使人有困意，因此可以用于安眠药中。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲了在老鼠身上做了实验得知晚上产的牛奶中含有更多褪黑色素，有助于睡眠，故A项符合题意。 4．推理判断题。根据前三段中的But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.一项研究表明……；Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，……； The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. 来自汉城的研究者……。故作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选D。 变式二、食物浪费节约环保话题名校好题 01（25-26高三上·云南昆明·阶段练习）How are we going to feed the more than 9 billion people that will live on Earth by 2050? This is a major question for farmers and food scientists. Linked to this problem of producing enough food is having enough land, water, and other natural resources to make that happen. The final solution will surely consist of diverse approaches working together — aquaponics may be one. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture. Hydroponics refers to the science of growing plants without soil in nutrient-rich water. Normally, in a hydroponics system, the nutrients are tailored to meet the growth requirements of the plants. And aquaculture involves the production of fish under controlled conditions, typically intended for human consumption. In an aquaponics system, the fish provide nutrients in the form of their waste, which contains a range of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bacteria (细菌) living in the fish tank turn the waste into nutrients which the plants can absorb. Containing varieties of nutrients, the water in the tank is continuously pumped into a grow bed where the plants are located. The plants absorb the nutrients from the water, and bacteria in the grow bed clean the water by transforming the left waste into nutrients, which the plants can later use for growth. The clean water is then sent back into the fish tank. The grow bed and plants act as a biofilter (生物过滤器), cleaning the water so that the whole system remains healthy. Aquaponics is efficient, producing both fish with high protein content and vegetables with vitamins and minerals from one single system. As an almost-closed system regarding water consumption, it uses minimal water and can be set up in areas that don’t have plenty of water. All that is required is food for the fish. Additionally, aquaponics is a model for sustainable food production because it recycles all of the materials it uses. 1．How does the author develop paragraph 2? A．By giving definitions. B．By presenting arguments. C．By analyzing theories. D．By making comparisons. 2．What can we learn about an aquaponics system? A．Its plants use the fish waste directly. B．Its components coexist for survival. C．Its grow bed supplies space for fish. D．Its bacteria control the plant growth. 3．Which is an advantage of aquaponics? A．Raising protein content in plants. B．Using recycled materials to build. C．Lowering the water consumption. D．Requiring zero human assistance. 4．Which might be a suitable title for the text? A．All Creatures Are Connected B．Hunger: Fight It Till the End C．Feeding the Future with Less D．Closed System: Final Solution 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍为解决2050年全球90多亿人口的粮食问题，提出鱼菜共生系统这一方案，并阐述其构成、运作原理及优势。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture. Hydroponics refers to the science of growing plants without soil in nutrient-rich water. Normally, in a hydroponics system, the nutrients are tailored to meet the growth requirements of the plants. And aquaculture involves the production of fish under controlled conditions, typically intended for human consumption.(鱼菜共生系统将水培法与水产养殖结合起来。水培是指在富含营养的水中无土栽培植物的科学。通常，在水培系统中，营养物质会根据植物的生长需求进行调整。水产养殖是指在受控条件下养殖鱼类，通常用于人类食用。)”可知，作者先点明鱼菜共生系统的构成，再分别对“水培法”和“水产养殖”下定义，通过下定义的方式展开第二段。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In an aquaponics system, the fish provide nutrients in the form of their waste, which contains a range of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bacteria living in the fish tank turn the waste into nutrients which the plants can absorb. Containing varieties of nutrients, the water in the tank is continuously pumped into a grow bed where the plants are located. The plants absorb the nutrients from the water, and bacteria in the grow bed clean the water by transforming the left waste into nutrients, which the plants can later use for growth. The clean water is then sent back into the fish tank. The grow bed and plants act as a biofilter, cleaning the water so that the whole system remain healthy.(在鱼菜共生系统中，鱼类以排泄物的形式提供营养，其中包含氮、磷、钾等多种营养物质。鱼缸中的细菌将这些排泄物转化为植物可吸收的营养物质。含有多种营养物质的鱼缸水被持续泵入种植床，植物就生长在那里。植物从水中吸收营养，种植床中的细菌则通过将剩余排泄物转化为植物后续生长可利用的营养物质来净化水。随后，净化后的水被送回鱼缸。种植床和植物起到生物过滤器的作用，净化水质，确保整个系统保持健康。)”可知，系统中的鱼、细菌、植物、种植床等组件相互依赖、协同运作，共同维持系统稳定，体现出各组件共生共存的特点。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Aquaponics is efficient, producing both fish with high protein content and vegetables with vitamins and minerals from one single system. As an almost-closed system regarding water consumption, it uses minimal water and can be set up in areas that don’t have plenty of water. (鱼菜共生系统效率很高，仅通过一个系统就能同时产出高蛋白鱼类和富含维生素与矿物质的蔬菜。作为一个近乎封闭的用水系统，它用水量极少，且可在水资源不充足的地区建立。)”可知，“用水量极少”是鱼菜共生系统的优势之一，即降低了用水量。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“How are we going to feed the more than 9 billion people that will live on Earth by 2050? This is a major question for farmers and food scientists. Linked to this problem of producing enough food is having enough land, water, and other natural resources to make that happen. The final solution will surely consist of diverse approaches working together — aquaponics may be one.(到2050年，地球上将生活着90多亿人，我们该如何养活他们？这对农民和食品科学家来说是一个重大问题。要生产足够的粮食，就需要有足够的土地、水和其他自然资源，这与粮食问题息息相关。最终的解决方案肯定需要多种方法共同作用——鱼菜共生系统可能就是其中之一。)”以及第四段对鱼菜共生系统“用水量少、可持续”等优势的介绍可知，文章围绕“用更少资源解决未来粮食问题”展开，“Feeding the Future with Less(用更少的资源养活未来)”既点明主题又体现系统核心优势，适合作为标题。故选C项。 02（25-26高一上·广东东莞·阶段练习）People have different ways of dealing with waste paper, specifically used newspapers. Some put them in the recycling area, while others keep them as wrappers (包装纸) . While these are both good measures, a Japanese publishing company had a better idea for their end use. The Mainichi Newspapers Co. , Ltd. invented the “Green Newspaper”, which allows people to grow plants with it. This unique newspaper was published on Greenery Day, which is focused on environmental news and made of green paper with seeds placed into it. What makes it even more special is the ink (油墨) used to print words and photos, which is made from plants. The publisher advises readers to tear the used newspaper into small pieces and plant them in a container with soil. They should water them, like they would do for any plant. Within a few weeks, the seeds will grow into plants. This brilliant concept was invented by Dentsu Inc. , one of Japan’s most famous advertising agencies, which works with the publishing company on the initiative (倡议) . The publisher’s belief is environmental sustainability (持续性) . As its mission statement says, “The Mainichi doesn’t take action only through information, but also by solving global issues. ” With joint efforts, this initiative has reached the corners of Japan and sold around millions of copies daily. Other such initiatives producing plantable paper are also seen in India and the US. About 95 million trees are lost for producing newspapers every year. The Internet, the number of whose users stands for 62. 5 percent of the population worldwide, has influenced how people read news and the print readership has dropped greatly. However, the reinvention and reimagination of this newspaper will bring about a change in the publishing industry as well as having an environmental influence. 1．What do we know about the “Green Newspaper”? A．It uses high-tech materials. B．It provides energy for seeds. C．It’s printed with plant-based ink. D．It’s published to celebrate Greenery Day. 2．What message does the publisher’s mission statement communicate? A．It’s easier said than done. B．Everything comes to him who waits. C．Many hands make light work. D．Actions speak louder than words. 3．What’s the author’s attitude to the “Green Newspaper”? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Uninterested. D．Negative. r 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．About 59 million trees are cut down to produce newspapers every year. B．The Internet has changed the way people read news totally and forever. C．The “Green Newspaper” will change publishing and benefit the environment. D．The popularity of the Internet leads to the invention of the “Green Newspaper”. 【答案】1．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了日本一家出版公司发明了“绿色报纸”，这种报纸可以很好地解决了废报纸问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“What makes it even more special is the ink (油墨) used to print words and photos, which is made from plants.(更特别的是，用于打印文字和照片的墨水是由植物制成的。)”可知，打印这种“绿色环保的报纸”的墨水是由植物制成的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The publisher’s belief is environmental sustainability (持续性) . As its mission statement says, “The Mainichi doesn’t take action only through information, but also by solving global issues. ” With joint efforts, this initiative has reached the corners of Japan and sold around millions of copies daily.(出版商的信念是环境的可持续性。正如其使命宣言所言，“《每日新闻》不仅通过信息采取行动，还通过解决全球问题采取行动。”在大家的共同努力下，这一创想已经传播到了日本的各个角落，每天的销量达到了数百万份。)”可知，出版商的使命宣言和出版商的行为相一致，他们的理念是环境的可持续性，而他们也通过自己的行动践行这一理念。由此推知，选项D“Actions speak louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩)”阐述的正是这家出版商的行为。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, the reinvention and reimagination of this newspaper will bring about a change in the publishing industry as well as having an environmental influence.(然而，这份报纸的重塑和再想象将带来出版业的变化，并对环境产生影响。)”可推知，作者对于这份报纸抱有支持的态度。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ However, the reinvention and reimagination of this newspaper will bring about a change in the publishing industry as well as having an environmental influence.(然而，这份报纸的重塑和再想象将带来出版业的变化，并对环境产生影响。)”可知，“绿色报纸”将改变出版业，造福环境。故选C。 03（2025·浙江·一模）As the global population continues to expand, traditional farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton, Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering remarkable efficiency and sustainability. It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere. The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions. “Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands, they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks. One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited. Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome. 1．What is the main feature of the innovative farming system? A．It demands water-free technology. B．It gets high yields with little input. C．It is widely introduced in the world. D．It mixes old and new farming methods. 2．What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system? A．They are gene editors. B．They are machine operators. C．They are system monitors. D．They are plant programmers. 3．What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system? A．Low public acceptance. B．Great farmland loss. C．Poor production facilities. D．High energy demands. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture? A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍洛杉矶康普顿一家农业公司的高科技耕作系统，阐述其无土、自动化等特点、优势，也提及推广挑战及未来潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere.(该设施使用精确校准的LED照明和营养输送系统，与传统农场相比，产量高达350倍，而用水量仅为传统农场的10%——而且它几乎可以在任何地方复制。)”可知，这种创新耕作系统的主要特点是投入少（用水少）却能获得高产量。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition.(“植物实际上就是小型软件程序，”其中一位科学家解释道。通过研究植物DNA而不改变它，科学家们可以对植物的生长、风味和营养等特性进行“编程”。)”可知，科学家在该耕作系统流程中的主要角色是植物“程序员”，可对植物特性进行调控。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited.(然而，高昂的成本——包括能源密集型的人工照明——可能会阻碍其在全球范围内的应用，尤其是在基础设施有限的发展中国家。)”可知，高能源需求带来的高成本可能限制该耕作系统在全球的推广。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome.(这会是农业的未来吗？凭借其惊人的效率、最小的环境影响以及在全球范围内复制的潜力，如果能克服规模化和可负担性方面的挑战，这种高科技耕作模式可能很快会成为养活我们不断增长的人口的关键。)”可知，作者认可该耕作系统的优势和潜力，对农业未来持乐观态度。故选A项。 04（25-26高三上·河南新乡·阶段练习）Advocates of the idea that National Parks are “America’s best idea” are now championing another brilliant concept — A unique conservation effort is currently being highlighted. The effort has something to do with beavers (海狸). In 2019, researchers began bringing captured beavers that had become troublesome to humans to the San Rafael and Price Rivers in Eastern Utah. The idea is that beavers, often considered nature’s engineers, reshape river landscapes by cutting down trees and building dams. All of this busy activity conserves water and creates wetlands that sustain countless other species. According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, beavers are “one of the most cost-efficient and sustainable solutions for ecological restoration.” And the rivers are indeed in need of ecological restoration. Human activities including the constructions of reservoirs (水库), dams, and diversions have reduced their crucial water supplies and consequently degraded natural habitats of the local plants and animals, as reported by Utah State Magazine. Two years after the beavers joined the small pre-existing population, Emma Doden, a then-Utah State University graduate student who participated in the conservation experiment, told reporters that her team found dams in regions where they had previously never been observed. While many of the 47 total translocated beavers died or moved away from the target restoration area, “a few of these beavers stuck where we put them. And even the ones that didn’t — we found some moved 12 miles downstream, which is pretty far for a small animal — they are probably still helping the system, as the river is so degraded,” she said. In 2023, the experimental project was still working. The researchers saw more dams than before their study on beaver translocation, behavioral ecologist Julie Young at Utah State University told The Wildlife Society. Some beavers improved regions of pre-existing analogous dams, which were human-made beaver-like dams built for environmental restoration purposes. “What heavy machinery and government programs couldn’t do, a few rodents (啮齿动物) pulling sticks through the mud did better,” she concludes. 1．Why were beavers relocated to Eastern Utah rivers? A．To help restore river ecosystems. B．To provide them with a better habitat. C．To protect trees along the river banks. D．To strengthen the water-related facilities. 2．What can we learn about the beavers in the experiment? A．They adapted to the new area immediately. B．They relied on existing dams to establish homes. C．They posed a terrible threat to the native species. D．They expanded dam-building activities successfully. 3．What is Julie’s attitude towards the beaver project? A．Mixed. B．Critical. C．Worried. D．Positive. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Water Quality Improves with Beavers B．A Natural Solution to Utah Ecosystem C．Beavers Put to Work to Save Utah Rivers D．The Role of National Parks in Conservation 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕美国犹他州东部的一项生态保护项目展开，介绍研究人员将海狸迁移到当地河流，利用其“自然工程师”的特性筑坝、储水并创造湿地，以修复受人类活动破坏的河流生态系统，最终取得积极成效。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, beavers are “one of the most cost-efficient and sustainable solutions for ecological restoration.(根据美国鱼类和野生动物管理局的说法，海狸是 “生态修复中性价比最高且最具可持续性的解决方案之一”)”以及第三段“the rivers are indeed in need of ecological restoration(这些河流确实需要生态恢复)”可知，将海狸迁移到犹他州东部河流，目的是帮助恢复河流生态系统。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Two years after the beavers joined the small pre-existing population, Emma Doden, a then-Utah State University graduate student who participated in the conservation experiment, told reporters that her team found dams in regions where they had previously never been observed. (海狸加入当地原本就存在的小规模海狸种群两年后，当时参与这项保护实验的犹他州立大学研究生艾玛・多登告诉记者，她的团队在之前从未发现过水坝的区域发现了水坝)”以及第五段中的“the researchers saw more dams than before their study on beaver translocation (研究人员发现的水坝数量比海狸迁移研究开始前更多)”可知，实验中的海狸“成功扩大了筑坝活动”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的““What heavy machinery and government programs couldn’t do, a few rodents (啮齿动物) pulling sticks through the mud did better,” she concludes.(“重型机械和政府项目做不到的事，几只拖着树枝在泥里活动的啮齿动物却做得更好，”她总结道)”可推知，她认为海狸在生态修复中起到了人类手段无法比拟的作用，态度“积极肯定”。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。本文围绕美国犹他州东部的一项生态保护项目展开，介绍研究人员将海狸迁移到当地河流，利用其“自然工程师”的特性筑坝、储水并创造湿地，以修复受人类活动破坏的河流生态系统，最终取得积极成效。由此可知，C项“投入工作的海狸拯救犹他州河流”适合作最佳标题。故选C项。 05（25-26高三上·内蒙古·阶段练习）Feeding the world’s growing population sustainably presents a significant environmental challenge, as traditional farming practices often overuse resources through too much water use, deforestation, soil loss, and pesticide (杀虫剂) overuse. To ameliorate this, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is exploring soilless agriculture as a potentially more environmentally sound alternative. This innovative technique involves growing crops with their roots covered in nutrient-rich water. A recent WWF report highlights the potential of soilless agriculture to conserve both land and water resources. By getting rid of the need for soil, it also avoids soil loss, minimizes food loss through carefully controlled environments, and reduces the reliance on pesticides. For example, greenhouse hydroponics (水培) requires only about 10% of the water used in traditional farming while occupying significantly less land. Vertical (垂直的) hydroponics, which involves growing crops arranged in layers, further reduces land and water requirements, although it currently necessitates artificial lighting that consumes a lot of energy. Interestingly, the WWF study revealed that conventionally grown lettuce in California currently has a lower carbon footprint compared to lettuce potentially grown in a soilless system in St. Louis. However, the report suggests that advancements in lighting technologies and a shift towards a more renewable energy power network could make soilless agriculture a more effective food production method in the future. Innovation such as light-related fibers for direct sunlight transmission indoors and genetic engineering to develop crops specifically suited for indoor environments holds promise for enhancing the sustainability of soilless farming. Demonstrating its commitment to this approach, WWF has brought together various investors to partner with vertical farms in launching a soilless agriculture facility in St. Louis. This joint effort aims to establish a truly innovative farm by reusing local materials and focusing on achieving both environmental and social objectives. St. Louis was selected as the site for this pilot program due to the availability of unused buildings suitable for transformation into indoor farms and its strong pool of plant science professionals. 1．Which can replace the underlined word “ameliorate” in paragraph 1? A．Assess. B．Improve. C．Clarify. D．Predict. 2．What can we know about vertical hydroponics? A．It is water-free. B．It is cost-effective. C．It is short-lived. D．It is energy-intensive. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Traditional farming’s advantages. B．Soilless agriculture’s future vision. C．Applications of lighting technologies. D．Challenges for a soilless system. 4．Why did WWF choose St. Louis to carry out the program? A．It meets physical and technical needs. B．It provides WWF with more resources. C．It has experience in soilless agriculture. D．It offers ways of stopping local pollution. 【答案】1．B 3．D 4．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界自然基金会（WWF）探索无土农业作为可持续农业的替代方案，介绍了其优势、挑战及未来展望。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Feeding the world’s growing population sustainably presents a significant environmental challenge, as traditional farming practices often overuse resources through too much water use, deforestation, soil loss, and pesticide (杀虫剂) overuse.(可持续地养活世界上不断增长的人口是一项重大的环境挑战，因为传统的农业做法往往通过过度用水、砍伐森林、土壤流失和杀虫剂过度使用而过度利用资源)”以及“the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is exploring soilless agriculture as a potentially more environmentally sound alternative.(世界自然基金会（WWF）正在探索无土农业作为一种可能更环保的替代方案)”可知，传统农业做法对环境造成了挑战，而WWF正在探索无土农业作为更环保的替代方案，由此可推测，此处是指为了改善这种情况，WWF正在探索无土农业。故“ameliorate”意为“改善”。A. Assess评估；B. Improve改善；C. Clarify澄清；D. Predict预测。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Vertical (垂直的) hydroponics, which involves growing crops arranged in layers, further reduces land and water requirements, although it currently necessitates artificial lighting that consumes a lot of energy.(垂直水培法，即种植分层排列的作物，进一步减少了土地和水资源的需求，尽管目前它需要消耗大量能源的人造光)”可知，垂直水培法需要消耗大量能源。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“However, the report suggests that advancements in lighting technologies and a shift towards a more renewable energy power network could make soilless agriculture a more effective food production method in the future.(然而，该报告指出，照明技术的进步和向更可再生能源电力网络的转变，可能会使无土农业在未来成为更有效的食品生产方法)”以及“Innovation such as light-related fibers for direct sunlight transmission indoors and genetic engineering to develop crops specifically suited for indoor environments hold promise for enhancing the sustainability of soilless farming.(诸如用于室内直接阳光传输的光相关纤维和基因工程开发特别适合室内环境的作物等创新，有望提高无土农业的可持续性)”可知，第三段主要讨论了无土农业的未来愿景。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“St. Louis was selected as the site for this pilot program due to the availability of unused buildings suitable for transformation into indoor farms and its strong pool of plant science professionals.(圣路易斯被选为这个试点项目的地点，是因为有可用的闲置建筑适合改造成室内农场，而且该地有大量的植物科学专业人员)”可知，WWF选择圣路易斯开展这个项目是因为它满足了物质和技术需求，即有可用的闲置建筑和大量的植物科学专业人员。故选A。 06（25-26高三上·四川成都·阶段练习）In 2024, over 700 million people around the world faced hunger, a crisis worsened by climate change, conflict and economic instability, according to the United Nations. As the food system struggles under these pressures, new technologies are emerging to address these global challenges. One such innovation, electro-agriculture, offers a potential solution. Electro-agriculture uses electricity to free agriculture from traditional limitations like sunlight, land and soil, potentially revolutionizing the way we grow food and opening the door to a more sustainable and efficient food system. It employs electrolysis (电解) to turn carbon dioxide and water into nutrients that plants require. The core process involves tandem electrolysis, a two-step method that first reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) and then turns CO into acetate (醋酸钙) — a vital carbon source for plants. The acetate provides plants with the energy and building blocks needed for growth, allowing them to grow without the need for sunlight. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, approximately 53.6 million people in the U.S. live in low-income and low-access areas, where ways to obtain nutritious food are limited. When these areas occur in cities, they’re often known as urban food deserts, and electro-agriculture could significantly impact them. Without land, water and sunlight limitations, electro-agriculture could bring food production directly to cities, reducing reliance on long distance transportation and improving food accessibility. So far, electro-agriculture has-succeeded in growing mushrooms, algae and yeast. The team’s current experiments are focused on tomatoes, lettuce, and other small-scale crops, with hopes of extending to high-calorie crops like grains and sweet potatoes in the future. However, to succeed with these crops, the team must genetically modify them to metabolize (代谢) acetate, a process that’s not yet possible for all plants. Acetate must be turned into usable energy for growth, and the team is working on enhancing plants’ ability to do this. 1．What is the purpose of electro-agriculture? A．To reduce the cost of food transportation. B．To increase the nutritional value of vegetables. C．To offer a sustainable solution for food production. D．To improve crops’ ability to adapt to extreme weather. 2．How does acetate work in electro-agriculture? A．By cutting down on carbon emissions. B．By enhancing plants’ resistance to diseases. C．By providing essential conditions for plant growth. D．By improving soil quality to promote plant growth. 3．Which of the following words could best describe electro-agriculture? A．Practical and promising. B．Traditional and productive. C．Efficient and well-received. D．Complex and time-consuming. 4．What can we learn about the research team from the last paragraph? A．They focus on finding an alternative to acetate. B．They are working to help crops metabolize acetate. C．They are intended to save energy during plant growth. D．They have experimented with growing high-calorie crops. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了电农业这一新兴技术，包括其工作原理、潜在影响以及研究团队的相关探索。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Electro-agriculture uses electricity to free agriculture from traditional limitations like sunlight, land and soil, potentially revolutionizing the way we grow food and opening the door to a more sustainable and efficient food system. (电农业利用电力将农业从阳光、土地和土壤等传统限制中解放出来，有可能彻底改变我们种植粮食的方式，并为更可持续、更高效的粮食系统打开大门。)”可知，电农业的目的是为粮食生产提供可持续的解决方案。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The acetate provides plants with the energy and building blocks needed for growth, allowing them to grow without the need for sunlight. (醋酸钙为植物提供生长所需的能量和组成部分，使它们无需阳光就能生长。)”可知，醋酸钙通过为植物生长提供必要条件来发挥作用。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Electro-agriculture uses electricity to free agriculture from traditional limitations like sunlight, land and soil, potentially revolutionizing the way we grow food and opening the door to a more sustainable and efficient food system. (电农业利用电力将农业从阳光、土地和土壤等传统限制中解放出来，有可能彻底改变我们种植粮食的方式，并为更可持续、更高效的粮食系统打开大门。)”、第三段“When these areas occur in cities, they’re often known as urban food deserts, and electro-agriculture could significantly impact them. Without land, water and sunlight limitations, electro-agriculture could bring food production directly to cities, reducing reliance on long distance transportation and improving food accessibility. (当这些区域出现在城市中时，它们通常被称为城市粮食沙漠，而电子农业可能会对它们产生重大影响。没有土地、水和阳光的限制，电农业可以将粮食生产直接带到城市，减少对长途运输的依赖，提高粮食可及性。)”以及第四段首句“So far, electro-agriculture has-succeeded in growing mushrooms, algae and yeast. The team’s current experiments are focused on tomatoes, lettuce, and other small-scale crops, (到目前为止，电农业已经成功种植了蘑菇、藻类和酵母。该团队目前的实验集中在西红柿、生菜和其他小规模作物上。)”可知，电农业有实际作用且前景广阔，是实用且有希望的。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, to succeed with these crops, the team must genetically modify them to metabolize (代谢) acetate, a process that’s not yet possible for all plants. Acetate must be turned into usable energy for growth, and the team is working on enhancing plants’ ability to do this. (然而，为了在这些作物上取得成功，该团队必须对它们进行基因改造，以代谢醋酸钙，这一过程目前并非对所有植物都可行。醋酸钙必须转化为生长所需的可用能量，该团队正在致力于提高植物的这种能力。)”可知，研究团队正在努力帮助作物代谢醋酸钙。故选B项。 07（25-26高三上·四川遂宁·期中）A research team from the University of California has developed a new type of fully biodegradable plastic derived from seaweed, offering a promising solution to the global plastic pollution crisis. The findings, published in a leading scientific journal in September 2025, demonstrate that this innovative material decomposes completely in natural environments within weeks, unlike conventional plastics that persist for centuries. The research process involved extracting specific polymers from common brown seaweed and modifying them to create a durable yet flexible material. Laboratory tests confirmed that the new bioplastic possesses strength comparable to traditional plastic packaging. Most significantly, when exposed to soil or seawater, it breaks down into harmless organic matter through natural microbial activity. Field experiments showed complete decomposition within four to eight weeks, leaving no microplastic residues. The production method is also energy-efficient, requiring 30% less energy than conventional plastic manufacturing. Dr. Emily Chen, the lead researcher, expressed cautious optimism about the potential impact. “This material could revolutionize packaging industries, particularly for food and consumer goods,” she stated. However, she acknowledged the challenges ahead, noting that “scaling up production while maintaining cost competitiveness with established plastics remains a significant hurdle.” Several major companies have already shown interest in adopting this technology, recognizing both its environmental benefits and growing consumer demand for sustainable products. The team is now focusing on optimizing the material for various commercial applications and conducting further tests to ensure its safety and durability meet industry standards. 1．What is the main advantage of the new bioplastic discussed in the passage? A．It breaks down completely in natural environments. B．It is cheaper to produce than traditional plastic. C．It is stronger than any existing plastic material. D．It can be produced from any type of plant. 2．According to the passage, how does the new bioplastic break down? A．Through recycling processes in special facilities. B．By dissolving quickly in water. C．Through the natural action of microorganisms. D．By exposure to sunlight only. 3．What can be inferred about the future of this bioplastic from Dr. Chen’s comments? A．It will immediately replace all conventional plastics. B．Its production cost is currently lower than traditional plastic. C．There are still obstacles to its widespread adoption. D．It is only suitable for food packaging. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To warn about the dangers of plastic pollution. B．To describe the process of seaweed farming. C．To explain the history of plastic development. D．To report on an environmentally friendly plastic alternative. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍加州大学团队研发的海藻基全生物降解塑料，及其优势、分解方式、应用前景与挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The findings, published in a leading scientific journal in September 2025, demonstrate that this innovative material decomposes completely in natural environments within weeks, unlike conventional plastics that persist for centuries.(该研究结果于2025年9月发表在一本权威科学期刊上，表明这种创新材料能在几周内在自然环境中完全降解，而传统塑料则会持续存在几个世纪)”可知，这种新型生物塑料的主要优势是能在自然环境中完全降解，传统塑料则无法做到。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most significantly, when exposed to soil or seawater, it breaks down into harmless organic matter through natural microbial activity.(最重要的是，当暴露在土壤或海水中时，它会通过自然的微生物活动分解成无害的有机物)”可知，新型生物塑料是通过微生物的自然作用实现降解的。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, she acknowledged the challenges ahead, noting that “scaling up production while maintaining cost competitiveness with established plastics remains a significant hurdle.”(然而，她也承认未来面临的挑战，并指出“在扩大生产的同时，保持与现有塑料的成本竞争力，仍是一个重大障碍”)”可知，陈博士提到了该塑料在推广过程中存在的困难，即大规模应用仍有障碍。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，第一段介绍新型海藻基生物降解塑料的研发及核心优势，第二段说明其制作过程与降解原理，第三段提及应用前景与挑战。整体内容均围绕这种环保塑料替代品展开，旨在报道这一新型材料。故选D项。 08（25-26高二上·云南·阶段练习）New research has compared whether food waste is reduced more by consumers who are driven by sustainability or those driven by nutrition and health. With somewhat unexpected findings, the study highlights the need to reconsider our approach to addressing the issue of food waste. According to the United Nations Environment Program’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 19% of food available to consumers in 2022 was wasted at the retail (零售), food service, and household level. That is 1.05 billion tons of food waste. Meanwhile, in the same year, 783 million people went hungry, and a third of the world’s population faced food insecurity. To identify what methods were better at reducing household food waste, researchers from the Center for Global Food and Resources in the School of Economics and Public Policy at the University of Adelaide, looked at the difference between consumer food choices based on either sustainability or nutrition and health. Their findings were interesting and somewhat beyond expectation. The researchers recruited 1,030 adults to participate in an online survey that explored aspects of household food consumption behavior. After analyzing the data, the researchers observed that a focus on nutrition had a significant and negative relationship with food waste. Further, being nutrition-focused also had a significant and positive relationship with meal planning behavior, and a significant and negative relationship with over-purchasing. “People who prioritize healthy eating tend to plan meals and avoid over-purchasing behaviors that significantly reduce food waste,” said Nguyen, an author of the study. The researchers said their findings show that a shift in thinking is needed if food waste is to be addressed effectively on a societal level. “Rather than focusing on sustainability as a standalone concept, future food waste reduction campaigns should emphasize the link between nutrition and food waste,” said Nguyen. “People are often more motivated by personal health benefits than by abstract environmental concerns, so framing waste reduction as part of a healthy lifestyle could be more persuasive.” 1．Why does the author mention the report? A．To find new ways to reduce waste. B．To encourage people to save more food. C．To compare different countries’ waste habits. D．To present the fact about global food waste. 2．Which survey question would match this study? A．Do you make weekly meal plans? B．How much do you spend on clothing? C．Have you studied food supply systems? D．Why does nutrition knowledge change shopping? 3．What solution do researchers suggest? A．Making less food. B．Changing how we think. C．Only focusing on nature. D．Choosing different foods. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．A Survey on Global Hunger B．Solving Hunger with Sustainability C．Reducing Food Waste in Retail Stores D．The Link Between Nutrition and Food Waste 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究对比了可持续发展驱动与营养健康驱动的消费者减少食物浪费的效果，发现后者更有效，并提出相关解决思路。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“According to the United Nations Environment Program’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 19% of food available to consumers in 2022 was wasted at the retail (零售), food service, and household level. That is 1.05 billion tons of food waste. Meanwhile, in the same year, 783 million people went hungry, and a third of the world’s population faced food insecurity.(根据联合国环境规划署《2024年食物浪费指数报告》，2022年消费者可获得的食物中，有19%在零售、餐饮服务和家庭层面被浪费，总计10.5亿吨。与此同时，同年有7.83亿人面临饥饿，全球三分之一人口面临粮食不安全问题。)”可知，作者提及该报告是为了呈现全球食物浪费的实际情况。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Further, being nutrition-focused also had a significant and positive relationship with meal planning behavior, and a significant and negative relationship with over-purchasing.(此外，关注营养还与膳食规划行为呈显著正相关，与过度采购呈显著负相关。)”可知，该研究涉及“膳食规划”相关内容，“你会制定每周膳食计划吗？”这一问题与该研究主题匹配。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The researchers said their findings show that a shift in thinking is needed if food waste is to be addressed effectively on a societal level. “Rather than focusing on sustainability as a standalone concept, future food waste reduction campaigns should emphasize the link between nutrition and food waste,” said Nguyen.(研究人员表示，他们的发现表明，要在社会层面有效解决食物浪费问题，需要转变思维方式。阮（研究作者）说：“未来的减少食物浪费活动不应将可持续发展视为一个独立概念，而应强调营养与食物浪费之间的联系。”)”可知，研究人员建议转变思维方式来减少食物浪费。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“New research has compared whether food waste is reduced more by consumers who are driven by sustainability or those driven by nutrition and health.(一项新研究对比了由可持续发展驱动的消费者与由营养健康驱动的消费者，哪类能更多地减少食物浪费。)”以及第六段中的““Rather than focusing on sustainability as a standalone concept, future food waste reduction campaigns should emphasize the link between nutrition and food waste,” said Nguyen. (阮（Nguyen）表示：“未来的减少食物浪费活动不应将可持续性视为一个孤立的概念，而应着重强调营养与食物浪费之间的关联。”)”可知，文章核心围绕“营养与食物浪费的关联”展开，因此“营养与食物浪费之间的联系”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。 09（重庆市2025-2026学年高二上学期10月期中英语试题）In an era of climate change and growing food insecurity, the issue of food waste has reached critical levels. A recent report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) revealed that in 2022, over 1 billion tons of food, equivalent to one-fifth of all food available to consumers, was wasted globally. This is not just a social and ethical concern in a world where millions go hungry; it's also a significant environmental problem. Food waste that ends up in landfills decomposes anaerobically (without oxygen), producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential many times greater than carbon dioxide. The resources used to produce wasted food — water, land, energy, labor, and capital — are also squandered. Reducing food waste is therefore recognized as a crucial strategy in the fight against climate change. Addressing this challenge requires a multi-faceted approach. At the consumer level, better meal planning, proper food storage, understanding “best before” labels, and using leftovers creatively can make a substantial difference. Retailers can improve inventory management, donate surplus edible food, and standardize date labeling. Governments can set national reduction targets, support food donation programs, and invest in infrastructure for composting and anaerobic digestion, which can turn food waste into renewable energy or fertilizer. Technology is also playing a role. Apps connecting consumers with restaurants and stores selling surplus food at a discount are gaining popularity. Smart packaging that indicates actual food freshness and improved supply chain tracking can also help reduce losses. Tackling food waste is a complex but solvable problem. By working together across the supply chain, from farm to fork, we can conserve precious resources, mitigate climate change, and move towards a more sustainable food system. 1．What percentage of food available to consumers was wasted globally in 2022 according to the UNEP report? A．About 5%. B．About 10%. C．About 20%. D．About 50%. 2．Why is food waste in landfills considered a major environmental problem? A．Because it attracts pests and causes diseases. B．Because it produces methane and wastes resources used in production. C．Because it takes up too much space that could be used for housing. D．Because it pollutes groundwater with harmful chemicals. 3．What is suggested as a measure that retailers can take? A．Set national reduction targets. B．Invest in composting infrastructure. C．Develop apps to sell surplus food. D．Improve inventory management and donate surplus food. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards solving the food waste problem? A．Pessimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Optimistic. D．Critical. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。全球年浪费食物达20%，产生甲烷加剧气候危机，作者认为需多方协力减少浪费，构建可持续粮食体系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“A recent report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) revealed that in 2022, over 1 billion tons of food, equivalent to one-fifth of all food available to consumers, was wasted globally.(联合国环境规划署近期发布的一份报告显示，2022 年全球浪费的食物超过 10 亿吨，相当于消费者可获得食物总量的五分之一。)”可知，2022 年全球浪费的食物约占消费者可获得食物总量的五分之一，即约20%。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Food waste that ends up in landfills decomposes anaerobically (without oxygen), producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential many times greater than carbon dioxide. The resources used to produce wasted food — water, land, energy, labor, and capital — are also squandered(最终被填埋的食物垃圾在无氧条件下进行厌氧分解，产生甲烷，这是一种强效的温室气体，其全球变暖潜能值比二氧化碳高很多倍。用于生产被浪费食物的资源——水、土地、能源、劳动力和资金——也都被白白浪费了。)”可知，食物垃圾在垃圾填埋场产生甲烷并浪费生产资源。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Retailers can improve inventory management, donate surplus edible food, and standardize date labeling.(零售商可以改善库存管理，捐赠剩余的可食用食品，并规范日期标签。)”可知，零售商可采取的措施包括改善库存管理和捐赠剩余食物。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Tackling food waste is a complex but solvable problem. By working together across the supply chain, from farm to fork, we can conserve precious resources, mitigate climate change, and move towards a more sustainable food system.(处理食物浪费是一个复杂但可以解决的问题。通过从农场到餐桌的整个供应链的共同努力，我们可以保护宝贵的资源，减缓气候变化，并朝着更可持续的粮食系统迈进)”可知，作者认为问题虽复杂却可解决，态度积极乐观。故选C项。 10（25-26高三上·福建莆田·开学考试）Food waste is a major problem around the world. Each year, billions of tons of food are thrown away, while many people go hungry. Reducing food waste at home is not only good for the environment but also helps save money. Here are some simple tips to help you cut down on food waste. First, plan your meals before going shopping. Make a list of the ingredients you need for the week and stick to it. This way, you won’t buy more food than you can use. Avoid impulse purchases, which often lead to food being left unused and eventually thrown away. Planning meals also helps you use ingredients more efficiently, as you can plan to use the same ingredients in multiple dishes.​ Second, store food properly. Different types of food require different storage methods to stay fresh. For example, fruits like bananas and apples should be stored at room temperature, while vegetables like carrots and lettuce need to be kept in the refrigerator. Using airtight containers can help keep food fresh for longer. Labeling food with the date you bought it can also help you keep track of when it will expire, so you can use it before it goes bad.​ Third, use leftovers wisely. Instead of throwing away leftover food, find ways to reuse it. For example, leftover rice can be used to make fried rice, and leftover vegetables can be added to soups or stir-fries. You can also freeze leftovers for later use. Freezing is a great way to preserve food for weeks or even months, so you can enjoy it at a later time.​ Finally, be mindful of portion sizes. When cooking or serving food, avoid making more than you need. If you’re not sure how much to make, start with smaller portions. You can always make more if needed. This helps prevent food from being left on plates and thrown away.​ By following these simple tips, you can reduce food waste at home and make a positive impact on the environment and your wallet.​ 1. What is the first tip to reduce food waste at home?​ A. Freeze leftover food.​ B. Serve small portions.​ C. Use airtight containers.​ D. Plan meals before shopping. 2. How can storing food properly help reduce waste?​ A. It makes food taste better.​ B. It allows food to stay fresh longer.​ C. It makes food easier to cook.​ D. It helps food look more appealing.​ 3. What can leftover rice be used for according to the passage?​ A. Making soup.​ B. Making fried rice.​ C. Freezing for future use.​ D. Adding to stir-fries.​ 4. What is the main purpose of the passage?​ A. To explain why food waste is a problem.​ B. To encourage people to donate food.​ C. To provide tips on reducing food waste at home.​ D. To discuss the environmental impact of food waste. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少家庭食物浪费的一些简单建议，它们有助于保护环境和节省开支。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Here are some simple tips to help you cut down on food waste. (这里有一些简单的建议可以帮助你减少食物浪费)”和第二段第一句“First, plan your meals before going shopping. (首先，在购物前规划好你的饮食)”可知，减少家庭食物浪费的第一条小贴士是购物前规划饮食。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Different types of food require different storage methods to stay fresh. Using airtight containers can help keep food fresh for longer. (不同类型的食物需要不同的储存方法来保持新鲜。使用密封容器有助于让食物保鲜更久)”可知，正确储存食物能让食物保鲜更久，从而减少浪费。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“For example, leftover rice can be used to make fried rice (例如，剩饭可以用来做炒饭)”可知，剩饭可以用来做炒饭。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。文章开篇指出食物浪费是个大问题，接着在第2、3、4、5段给出了减少家庭食物浪费的几条建议，最后一段总结遵循这些建议能减少家庭食物浪费，对环境和钱包都有积极影响。因此，文章的主要目的是提供减少家庭食物浪费的建议。故选C项。 11（25-26高一上·山东烟台·阶段练习）There’s nothing wrong with a tomato that isn’t perfectly round or a peach with an extra dimple (小洼) or two; they still carry the same advantages and tastes as the kinds we’re used to seeing in grocery stores. Farmers throw away these imperfect fruit and vegetables, as many grocery chains won’t buy them for fear that they are unsellable. However, a growing group of grocery chains are fighting to make these discarded fruit and vegetables part of customers’ buying habits. One such business is imperfect produce, a start-up that provides fresh ugly produce for customers. Through this service, you can get up to 20 pounds of fruit and vegetables for around $20 a week. This is about a 30 percent discount (折扣) compared to what’s now sold in stores. Recently, the company had a major advancement when Whole Foods Market accepted their partnership and agreed to sell the ugly produce. While this movement might be a new trend here in the U.S., it’s already gained serious momentum (势头) in Europe. In 2014, the EU announced the European Year Against Food Waste, with French supermarket chain Intermarché organizing a very successful movement called Inglorious Fruits and Vegetables and England’s Waitrose selling imperfect apples caused by terrible weather. In Portugal, a similar company to Imperfect produce called Fruta Feia has also taken off. Buying the unfortunate-looking produce should be attractive to customers not only because of the affordability, but also because of the support it gives to farmers and the direct impact it has on reducing food waste and environmental pollution. When the discarded fruit and vegetables break down, they release (释放) methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. When released into the air, it is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 20-year period. Waste is, in fact, the ugliest thing of all. 1. What does the underlined word “discarded” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Thrown away. B. Collected. C. Eaten up. D. Packed. 2. What is the purpose of Imperfect produce? A. To make more money. B. To sell unattractive goods. C. To get discounts from farmers. D. To challenge Whole Foods Market. 3. What can we learn about Europe from paragraph 3? A. It has more successful food chains than the U.S. B. It is facing the serious problem of poor weather. C. It hardly produces misshapen fruit and vegetables. D. It solves the problem of ugly produce earlier than America. 4. How does wasted produce harm the environment according to paragraph 4? A. It pollutes the farms. B. It gives off a bad smell. C. It leads to global warming. D. It produces lots of carbon dioxide. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不完美果蔬虽外观有瑕但优势和味道依旧，农民常丢弃它们，不过一些连锁超市正努力让它们成为顾客购买习惯，且欧洲在此问题上行动比美国更早，同时购买这类果蔬好处多多。 1. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中“Farmers throw away these imperfect fruit and vegetables, as many grocery chains won’t buy them for fear that they are unsellable. However, a growing group of grocery chains are fighting to make these discarded fruit and vegetables part of customers’ buying habits. (农民们扔掉这些不完美的水果和蔬菜，因为许多连锁杂货店担心它们卖不出去而不愿购买。然而，越来越多的连锁杂货店正在努力让这些被丢弃的水果和蔬菜成为顾客购买习惯的一部分)”可知，前文提到农民扔掉不完美的果蔬，杂货店不买，结合however转折可知，这里说的连锁杂货店努力让被“丢弃”的果蔬成为顾客购买习惯的一部分，所以“discarded”意思是“扔掉，丢弃”。A选项“Thrown away.(扔掉)”与划线词意思相近。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“One such business is imperfect produce, a start - up that provides fresh ugly produce for customers. (其中一家这样的企业是“不完美农产品”公司，这是一家专门为顾客提供外观不完美的新鲜农产品的初创企业)”以及“ Through this service, you can get up to 20 pounds of fruit and vegetables for around $20 a week. This is about a 30 percent discount (折扣) compared to what’s now sold in stores. (通过这项服务，您每周大约只需花费20美元，就能获得多达20磅的水果和蔬菜。与目前商店里出售的价格相比，这大约有30%的折扣)”可知，“不完美农产品”公司目的是销售那些不吸引人、外观有瑕疵的农产品。B选项“To sell unattractive goods.(销售不吸引人的商品)”符合文意。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In 2014, the EU announced the European Year Against Food Waste, with French supermarket chain Intermarché organizing a very successful movement called Inglorious Fruits and Vegetables and England’s Waitrose selling imperfect apples caused by terrible weather. In Portugal, a similar company to Imperfect produce called Fruta Feia has also taken off. (2014年，欧盟宣布了“欧洲反食物浪费年”活动。法国的超市连锁企业Intermarché组织了一场非常成功的活动，名为“不完美的水果和蔬菜”，而英国的Waitrose超市则出售因恶劣天气而受损的苹果。在葡萄牙，与“不完美产品”公司类似的Fruta Feia公司也取得了成功)”可知，欧洲在解决不完美农产品问题上的行动比美国更早，已经有了较大发展势头，后文以法国，英国和葡萄牙为例进行说明。D选项“It solves the problem of ugly produce earlier than America.(它比美国更早地解决了丑陋农产品的问题)”符合文意。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“When the discarded fruit and vegetables break down, they release (释放) methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. When released into the air, it is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 20-year period. (当被丢弃的水果和蔬菜分解时，它们会释放甲烷(CH4)，一种温室气体。在20年的时间里，当它释放到空气中时，其效力大约是二氧化碳(CO2)的86倍)”可知，废弃的农产品分解会释放甲烷这种温室气体，会导致全球变暖，也就是对环境造成危害。C选项“It leads to global warming.(它导致全球变暖)”符合文意。故选C项。 12（25-26高二上·河南南阳·阶段练习）Garbage is unavoidable in the restaurant business. Kitchen employees toss onion skins and meat fat into the wastebasket almost by instinct. The garbage then finds its way into black bags for trash-day pickup. Plastic bags are ordered by the bundle and then often thrown away. At the Brooklyn restaurant Rhodora, however, taking out the trash works a little differently. The new restaurant is one of a small number of places that have begun to operate under a zero-waste idea. It means they do not send any trash or food waste that enters their business to a landfill (垃圾填埋场). There is not even a traditional trash can in the restaurant. They have brought in tools to help cut down on waste. A paper cutter turns wine boxes into fertilizer. A dish washing setup changes salt into soap. Beeswax (蜂蜡) wrap takes the place of plastic wrap. The aim is to lessen the restaurant’s environmental impact while running a profitable business. There’s a possible added benefit improving the eco-consciousness of its customers. “It’s not secret knowledge,” said Henry Rich, a co-owner of Rhodora. “It’s just a couple of things that are very specific. You need to kind of re-engineer how you think about operating a restaurant.” The paper menus feature a mini-essay on the restaurant’s green mission. They are fed to the compost pile when they get old or worn out. Anything left on a customer’s plate gets fed into the fertilizer. Natural wine bottles and most other containers are removed for recycling. Corks (软木塞) are also donated to a recycling program that reuses the material for shoe soles (鞋底) and yoga blocks (瑜伽垫). The first set of fertilizer will be used to fertilize the restaurant’s mini-gardens on top of the storage boxes outside of the restaurant, and possibly a rooftop farm somewhere else. Despite all these efforts to ensure its space is zero waste, the Rhodora system isn’t perfect. It hasn’t been determined, for example, what the answer is to disposing of a dishwasher beyond repair. “I don’t want to pretend we have everything figured out,” Mr. Rich said. 1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To criticize traditional restaurants’ waste. B. To ask how to solve restaurant waste. C. To describe common waste disposal before introducing a contrast. D. To emphasize plastic bags’ environmental impact. 2. We can learn from the article that Rhodora hopes to . A. reduce pressures of restaurants B. make zero-waste a mainstream concept C. change the model of running a restaurant D. strengthen eco-consciousness among people 3. What do we know about Rhodora’s handling of waste from the passage? A. Outdated paper menus are recycled into new menu sheets. B. Leftover food from customers is used to make fertilizer. C. Plastic wrap is reused after being cleaned properly. D. Broken dishwashers are currently disposed of in landfills. 4. What can be inferred from Mr. Rich’s words? A. Rhodora’s zero-waste model is ultimately a failure. B. The restaurant avoids discussing its challenges publicly. C. Achieving absolute zero waste may face practical limitations. D. Customers are misled about the restaurant’s environmental efforts. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了布鲁克林一家名为Rhodora的餐厅独特的零浪费运营模式。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Kitchen employees toss onion skins and meat fat into the wastebasket almost by instinct. The garbage then finds its way into black bags for trash-day pickup.(厨房员工几乎是本能地把洋葱皮和肉油扔进废纸篓。然后，这些垃圾会被装入黑色的垃圾袋，供垃圾日回收。)”和第二段“At the Brooklyn restaurant Rhodora, however, taking out the trash works a little differently.(然而，在布鲁克林的Rhodora餐厅，倒垃圾的方式有点不同。)”可知，第一段的目的是在引入对比之前，描述常见的垃圾处理方式。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The aim is to lessen the restaurant’s environmental impact while running a profitable business. There’s a possible added benefit improving the eco-consciousness of its customers.(其目的是在经营盈利业务的同时减少餐厅对环境的影响。提高消费者的环保意识可能还有一个额外的好处。)”可知，Rhodora希望增强全民生态意识。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Anything left on a customer’s plate gets fed into the fertilizer.(顾客盘子里剩下的任何东西都会被放入肥料中。)”可知，在Rhodora餐厅中，顾客剩下的食物被用来制作肥料。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I don’t want to pretend we have everything figured out(我不想假装我们已经解决了所有问题)”可知，从Rich的话中可以推断出实现绝对零浪费可能面临实际限制。故选C。 $