专题12 2025全国二卷阅读理解C篇 (解读+技巧+变式) -2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升

《2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题12 2025全国二卷阅读理解C篇 (解读+技巧+变式) 原卷版 目 录 4 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 高考原题呈现 官方权威评价 考点多维变式 词汇考点变式（变形+生词+短语+单句） 题型解题指导 历年考点解读（说明文） 实用满分技巧（说明文） 题型考点变式（植物话题真题+模拟） ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：说明文，人与自然，室内植物促进心理健康和工作效率 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home ( 权威评价哪家 ) 依据课程标准，注重考查基础知识和基本技能 普通高中英语课程标准强调学生要进一步学习和运用英语基础知识和基本技能。2025年高考英语试题强调对语音、词汇、语法、语篇、语用等语言知识的内化掌握和恰当运用，注重考查语言基本技能及综合运用能力。 高考英语试卷结构与往年保持一致，包括听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分。其中听力和阅读第一节考查在理解语篇的基础上，结合语境获取具体信息、理解主旨要义、进行逻辑推断、辨析观点态度等能力。阅读第二节考查理解文章基本结构、把握上下文逻辑关系的能力。语言运用部分主要考查在阅读基础上准确运用词汇和语法结构的能力。写作部分则通过设置不同情境，考查运用书面语言完成日常交际任务的能力以及在阅读理解基础上合理创造内容并进行准确、连贯表达的能力。以全国二卷阅读C篇为例，该短文从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起，介绍绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究，倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。短文结构清晰，语言难度适中，各小题考查正确理解数据含义、辨识研究结果内容、根据上下文信息推断作者意图和总结概括全文主旨要义的能力，完全符合课程标准对语言能力考查的要求。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2025年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 主题语境：人与自然--自然生态(人与动植物) 语篇内容：文章通过 Detrinidad 成功经营植物店的故事，引出植物行业的热潮，并引用专家研究说明植物如何提升幸福感、减压、提高学习和工作效率，最后鼓励读者以平常心对待养植物的过程，强调照顾植物是一种值得投入的学习与成长过程。 语篇立意：通过植物对人们的积极影响，倡导人与自然和谐相处以及健康的生活方式。 语篇长度：263词 语篇结构： ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1.explode v. 爆炸；爆发→n. _____________爆炸；爆发 2.satisfy vt. 使满意；满足→n. _____________满意；满足 3.academic adj. 学术的；学业的→adv. _____________学术上；学业上 4.productive adj. 多产的；有成效的→adv. _____________有成效地 5.finance n. 财政；金融→adj. _____________财政的；金融的 6.surprising adj. 令人惊讶的→adv. _____________令人惊讶地 7.pure adj. 纯的；纯净的→vt. _____________净化；提纯 8.necessary adj. 必要的；必需的→n. _____________必要；必需品 9.sustainable adj. 可持续的→n. _____________可持续性 10.repeat vt. 重复→adj. _____________重复的 11.bright adj. 明亮的 →vt. _____________使明亮；使开心 二、识词知意 1.opposite adj. _____________ 2.flood vt. _____________ 3.order n. _____________ 4.rating n. _____________ 5.environment n. _____________ 6.mood n. _____________ 7.hormone n. _____________ 8.decrease vt. _____________ 9.workplace n. _____________ 10.sustain vt. _____________ 11.tough adj. _____________ 12.enhance vt. _____________ 13.professional adj. _____________ 14.replace vt. _____________ 15.boost vt. _____________ 16.tip n. _____________ 三、高频语块 1.ship out _____________ 2.send out _____________ 3.lead to _____________ 4.don’t beat yourself up _____________ 5.make it _____________ 6.tend to _____________ 7.appeal to _____________ 8.suffer a great loss _____________ 9.translate into _____________ 10.sick leave _____________ 四、长难句分析 1.Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. 2.Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. 五、真题语料改变单句语法填空 1.When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop __________(sell) houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. 2.But the opposite happened: She was flooded, __________(ship) out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. 3.In the past year, Detrinidad __________(send) out more than 70,000 plants. 4.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an __________(explode) in the houseplant industry. 5.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life __________(satisfy) rating, ” she says. 6. __________(add) more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think. 7.Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by __________(decrease) our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. 8.“Students __________ are around plants perform better __________(academic) academically than students who are in a classroom __________ plants,” says Knuth. 9.Our study showed that there was __________ 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 10.If you’re __________ the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat __________(you) up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. 11.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes __________(sustain) a plant. 12. __________(tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. ( 解题指导 ) ( 说明文 满分 作答解题 技巧 ) 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构：特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点。 3. 设题特点：就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点：科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 学生在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真确定答案 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段主旨概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 分类变式 ) 变式一、植物话题高考真题再现 01（2024新课标I卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 1. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 2. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 3. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 4. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 02（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 2. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 03（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 04（2020·全国I卷）The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 05（2017·全国卷）When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 1. What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals. 2. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 3. Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________. A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects C. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The world is changing faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before C. The world is more complex than it seems D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative. 变式二、植物话题最新名校模拟 01（25-26高三上·甘肃庆阳·阶段练习）Hydrangeas (绣球花) turn blue in the presence of acids and red in an alkaline (碱性) environment. When the pH is smaller than 7, the flowers turn blue, while when the pH is greater than 7, the flowers turn red. The key ingredient here is aluminum ions (铝离子). The soil pH helps the aluminum ions move throughout the soil, and it is these ions that are responsible for the change in bloom color. Even the same plant can have different color flowers if the roots are spread out across soil with varying pH. However, simply having aluminum in the soil is not enough. The soil must also be acidic enough for the plant to be able to absorb the aluminum ions. When aluminum ions are present in acidic soil, they can move around more freely. It is worth noting that the roots of hydrangeas also emit citric acid. The aluminum ions move to the roots and form a complex with the citric acid ions, which are then absorbed by the plant. This complex eventually reaches the leaves, where they react with the pigments to turn the leaves blue. So in order for the flowers to be blue, we need aluminum ions in the soil, and we need the soil to be acidic. If the soil is not acidic, or if enough aluminum is not present, adding aluminum sulphate to the soil can turn the flowers blue. When these same aluminum ions are present in neutral to basic soil, they combine with hydroxide ions to form aluminum hydroxide, which cannot move around. This means that the plant won't be able to absorb aluminum, so the leaves retain their reddish color. Adding calcium hydroxide to the soil can change the color of blooms to reddish pink, as calcium hydroxide adds hydroxide ions, which bind with the aluminum. This color change effect, however, is not instant. It takes 1-2 growing seasons to observe the change in color. 1. What can we know about Hydrangeas? A. They have red flowers in acidic soil. B. They have blue flowers in acidic soil. C. They have blue flowers in alkaline soil. D. The color of their flowers keeps changing. 2. What play the most important role in the flow of aluminum ions? A. Plant stems. B. Plant leaves. C. Plant roots. D. Acids. 3. What can be inferred about the color of hydrangeas from the text? A. It's only red and blue. B. It is difficult to change. C. It can be artificially controlled. D. It depends on the color of the soil. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. Can Soil pH Affect Flower Color? B. Can Soil pH Be Changed Artificially? C. Do Aluminum Ions Flow Through the Soil? D. Does Soil pH Determine Its Acidity and Base? 02（25-26高二上·江西·阶段练习）We have all heard that reducing meat and dairy consumption is an important behavioral change that can help with our planet’s climate. However, what is a successful strategy to get people to consume more plant-based food? Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital (BWFH) has an answer. It pioneered a vegetarian or vegan option to reduce climate change. It is one of 60 hospitals, universities, major corporations, and cities that have signed an international pledge (承诺) to reduce food-related greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030. One of the main ways BWFH is using is not mentioning the word “vegetarian”(or “vegan”. Vegetarian food does not contain any meat or fish, and vegan food does not contain meat or any animal products such as milk, butter, or cheese. The hospital adopted some strategies like focusing on the benefits of the ingredients in the dish and not mentioning “vegetarian” or “vegan” in the name of any dishes on the hospital cafeteria menu. Another strategy that has been experimented with is the order of foods. For example, putting vegetarian and vegan foods before their meat counterparts urges the patients to take plant-based foods first. Through research, the hospital has found that vegetarian and vegan labeled foods tend to categorize foods and attract only a certain group of the hospital’s patients. Vegetarian and vegan foods have been left out of the diets of people who don’t have any dietary restrictions. Although food is only a small percentage of hospital carbon emissions, reducing meat in cafeteria food will reduce the carbon emissions significantly. Additionally, vegetarian and vegan diets will help diversify people’s diets, increasing their intake of healthful fiber, vitamins, and other micronutrients. Adding fish to their menus in the future is another good option since it can be sustainably fished. Since starting the pledge, BWFH has seen a surprising 2.2% decrease in total emissions per calorie. This result of these measures matches a similar study from MIT and can change how we think of plant-based foods. 1. Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph? A. To summarize the text. B. To present a controversial issue. C. To introduce the topic of discussion. D. To raise doubts about the following data. 2. What do we know about BWFH? A. It favours meat products. B. It pledges to reduce consumption. C. It takes advantage of greenhouse gas. D. It shows concern for the environment. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly say about BWFH? A. Its plans to increase food orders. B. The richness of its cafeteria menu. C. Its strategies to promote plant-based meals. D. The disadvantages of its dietary restrictions. 4. Which word best describes the effect of BWFH’s measures? A. Remarkable. B. Temporary. C. Limited. D. One-sided. 03（25-26高三上·河北·阶段练习）Most people think of bees as creatures that live in rural fields or wooden beehives, but more and more bees are now making cities their home. Urban areas, with leafy parks, rooftop gardens, and even small window boxes, can provide plenty of flowers for bees to collect nectar and pollen. However, these city-dwelling bees face unique challenges that many people don’t notice — challenges that make their daily lives much harder than those of rural bees. One big problem is the lack of diverse food sources. Many city gardens only grow a few types of flowers, which bloom for short periods. This means bees might not get all the proteins and sugars they need to stay healthy, especially in seasons when flowers are scarce. Another issue is pesticide use: some cities spray chemicals on public lawns and street trees to kill pests, and these toxic substances can stick to flower petals, harming bees when they feed. Even light pollution at night affects bees — bright streetlights and building lights can confuse their navigation systems, making it hard for them to find their way back to hives after foraging at dusk. Why does this matter? Bees are crucial pollinators. They fly from flower to flower, carrying pollen that helps plants produce fruits and seeds — including many of the vegetables and fruits we eat daily. Without enough healthy bees, city community gardens and local small-scale farms might struggle to grow food, leading to fewer fresh options at nearby markets. Luckily, there are simple ways to help. Planting a variety of native flowers in balconies or community gardens gives bees a steady food supply. Avoiding harmful pesticides and turning off unnecessary outdoor lights at night also makes cities safer for these tiny workers. Cities don’t have to be bad for bees. With small, consistent changes, we can turn urban areas into friendly habitats that support these important insects. 1. What do many people not notice about urban bees? A. They live in cities. B. They face special problems. C. They like city flowers. D. They make honey. 2. Why is lack of diverse flowers a problem for bees? A. They get bored easily. B. They can’t find their hives. C. They need more nutrients. D. They hate few flower types. 3. What does the text say about bees’ role? A. They help plants grow. B. They clean city parks. C. They make cities beautiful. D. They kill garden pests. 4. Which way to help bees is NOT mentioned in the text? A. Growing native flowers in balconies. B. Turning off extra outdoor lights. C. Using safe pesticides for plants. D. Creating community flower gardens. 04（25-26高三上·江苏镇江·开学考试）Female moths (蛾) don’t rely on sight or smell alone. They can also hear stressed plants. Scientists found that these insects detect ultrasonic (超声的) clicks from plants under drought stress and use them when choosing egg-laying sites. Plants produce airborne ultrasonic sounds when stressed. These vibrations (震颤), previously thought to be undetectable by animals, can travel through the air. The Egyptian cotton leafworm moth, Spodoptera littoralis, hears these sounds. This species has ears sensitive to the 20 to 60 kHz range, with peak sensitivity around 38 kHz. That is where many plant clicks fall. The researchers assumed that female moths might use these plant sounds to decide where to lay eggs. Their experiments confirmed this. The study involved multiple experiments with precise setups. In a no-plant environment, moths preferred laying eggs near a speaker playing recorded plant stress sounds. When these moths were deafened, the preference disappeared. This proved that the response came from hearing, not other cues (提示). In contrast, when healthy plants were added and the same sounds were played near one, the moths chose the silent plant. This indicated that when real plants were present, moths correctly interpreted the sounds as warnings. Scientists find that without a visible plant, sound becomes the only cue. So moths associate it with plant presence. But when they can see or smell real plants, and one gives off stress sounds, they avoid it. This shows a context-based decision-making process. This study reveals that plant sounds can guide insect behavior. The researchers think other animals might also use these sounds. “In this study, we revealed the first evidence for acoustic (声学的) interaction between a plant and an insect. We are convinced that this is just the beginning,” noted the researchers. “Acoustic interaction between plants and animals doubtlessly has many more forms and a wide range of roles.” 1. Why can the Egyptian cotton leafworm moth hear plant clicks? A. They are especially loud. B. They are entirely distinct. C. They travel via special media. D. They match its hearing range. 2. What did the moths choose when real plants were present in the experiment? A. The speaker playing sounds. B. Plants giving off no warning signals. C. Healthy plants producing sounds. D. Plants needing to be watered. 3. Which word best describes the impact of the research according to the last paragraph? A. Far-reaching. B. Controllable. C. Short-lived. D. Tolerable. 4. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Plants give off measurable stress sounds B. Plants make stress sounds for lack of water C. Moths guide complex plant-insect interactions D. Moths detect plant sounds for egg-laying choices 05（25-26高三上·广西南宁·开学考试）New research reveals that wild horses and donkeys in the US can dig wells as humans do. As described in a paper, , the equine(马科的) animals use their hooves(蹄) to dig more than six feet deep to reach groundwater for themselves, in turn creating water sources that benefit other wildlife. Horses and donkeys, introduced into the wild over the centuries, have taken up residence throughout much of the American West. The wells they dig transform into “hotbeds of animal activity”, according to Erick Lundgren, a researcher from Denmark and the study’s first author. Over the course of three summers, researchers set up camera traps to observe wildlife at several sites in seasonal riverbeds. Horses and donkeys frequented and dug wells at these locations. The researchers found that a total of 57 species came to these equine-created wells to drink. They also set up cameras at nearby spots without wells to serve as scientific controls and determine the influence of the wells in attracting wildlife. The species richness observed at these wells was 64 percent higher than at the control sites, suggesting the animals intentionally visited the equine-made wells. The researchers also mapped open-water sources in the areas surrounding their study sites and found that the well-digging equines increased accessible surface water density (密度) up to 14 times. They also found willows and cottonwoods rooting at some wells, suggesting these spots could serve as nurseries for these declining desert trees. Wild horses and donkeys perform crucial ecological functions. Their behaviour fits the definition of “ecosystem engineering”, a phenomenon through which wild animals change their environment. Ecologist Michael Bogan, who was not involved in the study, suspects the behaviour is widespread in deserts with loose sand or small rocks, where water is buried at a relatively shallow level. 1. Why are equine-made wells called “hotbeds of animal activity”? A. They are perfect for animals to rest. B. They are dangerous for smaller animals. C. They are hot enough for animals. D. They are attractive for various species. 2. What was the purpose of setting up cameras at spots without wells? A. To map water density. B. To compare wildlife activity levels. C. To study the digging habits. D. To observe how plants grow in the wild. 3. What can be the impact of equine-made wells on desert trees? A. They prevent the trees from growing. B. They help the declining tree species survive. C. They hurt the root of desert trees. D. They reduce the need for water resources. 4. What does the research mainly focus on? A. Wild equines learn to dig wells. B. Equine-dug wells decrease biodiversity. C. Wild equines engineer ecosystems. D. Wild animals damage desert ecosystems. 06（24-25高二下·河北秦皇岛·期末）A recent experiment on China’s space station showed that it’s possible to have closed aquatic (水生的) ecosystems in space. In this experiment, zebrafish, a small fish, successfully completed their life cycle from growth to reproduction in 43 days. On April 25th, four zebrafish, along with four grams of aquatic plants and three Chinese astronauts, were sent into space on the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft. The goal was to create a closed aquatic ecosystem where plants would produce oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep the fish alive. The fish, in turn, would provide nutrients to the plants through their waste. This setup aimed to create an environment where life could be sustained without outside help. Researchers from the Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the CAS designed the experiment. They built a fish tank with an advanced recycling system. The zebrafish food was injected into it with a syringe (注射器) to keep the ecosystem self-sufficient. The zebrafish, which are about 3 to 5 centimeters long, laid over 300 eggs at a time. Because zebrafish share over 70% of their genes with humans, they are ideal for studying human diseases and developing new drugs. In the microgravity of the space station, the zebrafish exhibited peculiar swimming patterns, including upside-down and spinning. These observations helped researchers understand how vertebrates (脊椎动物) adapt to space conditions. This experiment laid the foundation for future research in aquatic biology and space medicine. It also opened the door to sending more vertebrates into space to study their long-term effects. The water samples collected by the astronauts were brought back to Earth and stored in ultra-low temperature cases for further analysis. The successful creation of a closed aquatic ecosystem on the space station is a big achievement for China’s space technology. It advances our understanding of life in space and provides important data and support for future missions. With over 500 labs in China working on zebrafish research, this experiment opens new possibilities in space biology and life sciences. 1. What was the main purpose of the experiment involving zebrafish? A. To see how long zebrafish can survive in space. B. To study the effects of microgravity on human cells. C. To create a self-sustaining aquatic ecosystem in space. D. To test the ability of zebrafish to swim in microgravity. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The tank. B. The food. C. The system. D. The experiment. 3. What did the zebrafish exhibit in the microgravity environment? A. Rapid growth. B. Increased appetite. C. Increased egg production. D. Abnormal swimming behaviors. 4. What can we infer about the experiment from the fifth paragraph? A. It has great significance. B. It involves extensive laboratory analysis. C. The results have been widely applied in daily life. D. It involves cooperation among multiple countries. 07（2026届吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模英语试题）A phenomenon called ‘false autumn’ is raising concerns among conservationists about its potential impacts on wildlife in the coming months, a charity says. “Some trees are going brown as a survival strategy to minimize water loss and conserve vital nutrients,” Drazen Nesic, a nature photographer, put it. The Devon Wildlife Trust said trees had been casting off leaves about two months early because of recent hot weather. It also said usual wild foods for birds and mammals may reduce as a result — with berries and nuts having been appearing much earlier than usual, with many reported to be smaller and “less juicy” than normal. For hibernating (冬眠) species like the protected Hazel Dormouse (睡鼠), these changes could prove particularly dangerous. “With decreased food supplies, many animals may enter winter without adequate fat reserves essential for surviving hibernation,” noted a DWT spokesperson. The organization has documented cases where dormice weighed 15 — 20% less than normal for this time of year. Staff in DWT said that, despite some recent rain, people should put out regular supplies of water in gardens, plus high-energy foods, to help wildlife. To relieve these impacts, conservationists recommend creating wildlife-friendly habitats by planting native bushes and leaving fallen leaves as natural protection. Additionally, setting up extra feeding stations with nutrient-rich foods like sunflower seeds can provide crucial support. Community-led initiatives, such as wildlife watering programs, are also being encouraged to help species adapt to these shifting conditions. Steve Hussey, from the Trust, commented: “Nature’s timing is everything for our wildlife. The climate crisis is bringing with it seasonal weather patterns which our wildlife is just not adapted to. Our long, hot summer and the false autumn will have a knock-on for many species right into the real autumn months and beyond.” 1. Why are trees dropping leaves earlier than normal this year according to the Devon Wildlife Trust? A. Trees faced unusual heat stresses. B. People destroyed the leaves for gardening. C. Heavy rainfall damaged the leaves. D. Mammals ate up the premature leaves. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Wild animals hibernate earlier for not storing enough fat. B. Trees are changing color to produce more food for animals. C. DWT is responsible for providing food supplies for animals. D. Wild foods are facing a lack of production in hot weather. 3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Complicated steps for gardeners to follow. B. Encouragement to start community projects. C. Various measures to aid wildlife. D. The success of current conservation efforts. 4. Which can best describe Steve Hussey’s attitude towards the climate crisis? A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Indifferent. D. Skeptical. 08（25-26高二上·甘肃平凉·阶段练习）In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal threads (真菌丝). When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighbouring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground Internet”. “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声波的) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew towards the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be reconsidered? Torres responds firmly: “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience.” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak”, fields “warn”, and gardens “guide” — a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, informing farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance: “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1. How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to Paragraph 1? A. By attracting helpful insects. B. By growing thicker leaves. C. By producing complex sounds. D. By releasing chemical warnings. 2. What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in Paragraph 2? A. Plants ignore droughts. B. Plants prefer silence. C. Plants respond to pest sounds. D. Plants react to water sounds. 2. What does the underlined word “sentience” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Balance. B. Feeling. C. Competition. D. Information. 3. What is Rachel Lin’s attitude towards using apps to learn plant signals? A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned. 09（2025·广东·模拟预测）In Hazelwood, a group called Seedlings (幼苗) for Tomorrow gives every child three plants to grow in their own garden. Unlike a public park, these plants are theirs to keep forever. Kids “check out” at the city’s greenhouse not with money, but by joining the group’s Garden Buddy project. This project pairs each young gardener with an adult guide. They have a 45-minute virtual meeting each week to learn about gardening and nature. “Every kid should feel the joy of growing something with their own hands,” said Orson Pike, the project director. Orson started the non-profit organization Seedlings for Tomorrow in 2022. Soon he realized that just giving away plants wasn’t enough. “Some groups think dropping off supplies is helping. But if people don’t know how to use them, it’s like giving them a stone,” he explained. That’s why the program focuses on teaching skills — like how to water plants properly, what seasons are best for planting, and how to protect flowers from insects. At the greenhouse, children can pick from sunflowers, strawberries, lavender, and even small vegetable kits. There are guidebooks in both English and Welsh. Orson is already 70, but he’s always been enthusiastic about the growth of the next generation. He believes that by letting kids choose what they love, they’ll grow into passionate gardeners. Many kids even share their progress with classmates, making gardening a social activity. To attract more families, Seedlings for Tomorrow visits local primary schools and community centers. Orson also hopes to build small green stations around town where people can exchange seeds and gardening tips. The project has received $20,000 from the UK-based Ecology Fund. The fund manager Elara Vane said, “Such programs are essential— they teach patience, responsibility and love for the environment, which helps kids both in and out of school,” adding that parents have noticed their children becoming more confident since joining the project. 1. What can a kid do by joining Garden Buddy project? A. Volunteer at the city’s greenhouse. B. Acquire gardening knowledge online. C. Sell garden plants to the adult guide. D. Receive free three plants every week. 2. What philosophy does Orson’s project demonstrate? A. Hard work is the mother of success. B. Guide others, and you will learn twice. C. Teach a man to fish, not give him a fish. D. Creative activities involve being confident. 3. How does the author highlight the project’s value in the last paragraph? A. By quoting an official. B. By giving examples. C. By providing statistics. D. By making a comparison. 4. Which word best describes Orson? A. Adventurous. B. Determined. C. Caring. D. Flexible. 10（25-26高二上·辽宁大连·阶段练习）What does it take to bring nature back into the city? For Shanghai high school senior Xiao Tai, the answer lies in a 115-square-meter eco-garden within a residential community in Hongkou District. Over the past eight months, the 17-year-old created a habitat with urban wildlife. Xiao’s passion for nature began when he was a child. He immersed himself in ecological conservation through online videos, scientific databases, and hands-on activities. However, it was an encounter with a community clean-up project two years ago that shifted his focus to urban wildlife. “I noticed how even a small green space can support biodiversity,” he recalled. This inspired him to create a refuge (避难所) for local species. The eco-garden has two sections. The first, a 15-square-meter plot near an internal road, was transformed from an existing greenbelt. Last summer, Xiao obtained permission from the neighborhood committee to experiment there. He planted native nectar plants and built a Benjes hedge (本杰士堆) — a pile of branches that provides shelter for small animals and attracts insects. Because of the success of this first project, the committee allocated (划分)another 100-square-meter area for further development. This area was divided into three ecological zones. One section features artificial water containers for birds and frogs. Another area has a pond to support native species, with monitoring cameras. The third zone is used to restore native plants. In early March, a hedgehog (刺猬) was captured on camera exploring the Benjes hedge. “It can rest safely here without fear of predators (捕食性动物),” shared Xiao. Xiao also put up educational signs and warnings against improper behaviors like picking plants. Every weekend afternoon, he gives guided tours, mainly for local children. Xiao hopes to involve more people in maintaining the garden in the future. “Right now, it’s just me, but others will take over as I get busier as a Senior 3 student,” he said. As he prepares for college, he plans to study ecology and continue his conservation efforts. 1. What made Xiao Tai start to pay attention to urban animals? A. His experience in a community project. B. The neighborhood committee’s permission. C. His childhood passion for nature. D. Online videos and scientific databases. 2. What can we learn about Xiao Tai’s eco-garden? A. It was intended for endangered species. B. Its first section used to be a greenbelt. C. It covers an area of 100 square meters. D. Its two sections were built at the same time. 3. Why is a hedgehog mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To highlight how good a habitat the garden provides. B. To protect the garden from some improper behaviors. C. To remind people to protect the endangered species. D. To attract more local children to visit the eco-garden. 4. What is the suitable title of the passage? A. Conservation of endangered wildlife. B. A teenager’s passion turning into action. C. Joint efforts to build a green community. D. Providing safe habitats for wildlife. 11（24-25高二下·陕西商洛·期末）When 16-year-old Sarah moved to the small town of Greenfield, she felt like an outsider. Back in the city, her life had been fast-paced and independent, but Greenfield’s quiet streets and tight-knit community left her uneasy. Everything changed when she stumbled upon a flyer for the “Greenfield Garden Project” — a plan to transform an abandoned lot into a community garden. At first, Sarah dismissed the idea. “Why waste time growing vegetables when I can buy them?” she muttered. But her curiosity got the better of her. One Saturday morning, she found herself standing at the edge of the lot, watching a group of volunteers — retirees, parents with young children, and even a few teenagers — digging weeds and laying soil. Among them was Mr. Thompson, a retired teacher who had proposed the project. “Care to join us?” Mr. Thompson asked, handing her a pair of gloves. Reluctantly, Sarah took them. Over the next few weeks, she learned to plant seeds, water sprouts, and build wooden planters. To her surprise, the work felt rewarding. She discovered that Mrs. Lopez, a volunteer, grew peppers to share with the local food bank, while Tim, a shy staff, came to escape his noisy surroundings. As the garden thrived, so did the community. Neighbors who had never spoken before exchanged gardening tips. Children painted colorful signs, and the elderly shared stories under the shade of a newly built pergola. Sarah, once a loner, found herself teaching kids how to care for sunflowers. But challenges arose. A summer drought threatened the crops. The team debated solutions: Some suggested giving up, but Mr. Thompson insisted on finding a viable and sustainable way forward. They installed rainwater barrels (桶) and switched to drought-resistant plants. When the first tomatoes ripened, the garden hosted a harvest festival, drawing crowds from nearby towns. By autumn, Sarah no longer saw the garden as just a plot of land. It had become a symbol of what people could achieve together. 1. Why did Sarah initially hesitate to join the Greenfield Garden Project? A. She feared meeting strangers. B. She disliked outdoor activities. C. She was too busy with schoolwork. D. She thought gardening was a waste of time. 2. What can be inferred about Tim’s reason for joining the project? A. He wanted to earn money. B. He sought a quiet escape. C. He was encouraged by his community. D. He loved growing flowers. 3. What does the underlined word “viable” mean in paragraph 5? A. Expensive. B. Temporary. C. Practical. D. Difficult. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. Teenagers should avoid urban life. B. Gardening improves physical health. C. Droughts can ruin agricultural projects. D. Communities grow stronger through cooperation. 12（24-25高二下·山东菏泽·阶段练习）On the last days of July, I moved to a flat in Brixton and joined those with a garden for the first time. Before moving, I lived in a flat surrounded by a small plot of woodland nearby. There were a good six weeks during which the dawn chorus was so loud that waking up at 5 am was a daily routine. Watching the birds became a soap opera I was deeply invested in. In Brixton, though, all I could hear was traffic. Although I knew clearly that cities are not strongholds of naturalism, and that nature is always there waiting for me to find it, it still took me a while to get used to the fact that I had to walk more than five minutes to find a green space. It was for this reason that I turned to gardening. I was not a formally trained gardener; I taught myself on a concrete balcony (阳台), four stories up on a hill in Camberwell in my mid-20s. The only garden I had was in my head, and the space I had when I started my career was used for parties, barbecues and playing with the neighbor’s cat. Filled with blind enthusiasm and curiosity, I picked up plants from supermarkets and flower markets and planted them on my balcony, often killing them out of love and then starting all over again. I often spent whole weekends in that small space. The balcony had a good view: one of London’s shining skylines beneath high skies that changed colour and cloud by the minute. But it was so small that you had to look closely and looking closely is an essential part of enjoying nature, wherever you find it. And to be out on the balcony allowed me to care about things that were bigger than my career, relationship or sense of self. When all three started to waver, it was gardening — and nature more broadly — that enabled me to find a new way of life. 1. Why does the author mention the morning chorus? A. To show that the woods were close to his flat. B. To highlight the activity of birds in the morning. C. To illustrate the joy and routine nature brings. D. To emphasize the loudness of the bird songs. 2. What drove the author to take up gardening? A. The need for a new hobby. B. The lack of green spaces in the new location. C. Formal training at the age of 20. D. Influences of other gardeners. 3. What does the author’s gardening experience show? A. Gardening requires formal education. B. The balcony is ideal for growing plants. C. The author has a natural talent for gardening. D. Small spaces can develop deep connections with nature. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards gardening? A. Enthusiastic. B. Discouraged. C. Skeptical. D. Indifferent. $ 《2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题12 2025全国二卷阅读理解C篇 (解读+技巧+变式) 解析版 目 录 3 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 高考原题呈现 官方权威评价 考点多维变式 词汇考点变式（变形+生词+短语+单句） 题型解题指导 历年考点解读（说明文） 实用满分技巧（说明文） 题型考点变式（植物话题真题+模拟） ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：说明文，人与自然，室内植物促进心理健康和工作效率 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,”says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 31. 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 ( 权威评价哪家 ) 依据课程标准，注重考查基础知识和基本技能 普通高中英语课程标准强调学生要进一步学习和运用英语基础知识和基本技能。2025年高考英语试题强调对语音、词汇、语法、语篇、语用等语言知识的内化掌握和恰当运用，注重考查语言基本技能及综合运用能力。 高考英语试卷结构与往年保持一致，包括听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分。其中听力和阅读第一节考查在理解语篇的基础上，结合语境获取具体信息、理解主旨要义、进行逻辑推断、辨析观点态度等能力。阅读第二节考查理解文章基本结构、把握上下文逻辑关系的能力。语言运用部分主要考查在阅读基础上准确运用词汇和语法结构的能力。写作部分则通过设置不同情境，考查运用书面语言完成日常交际任务的能力以及在阅读理解基础上合理创造内容并进行准确、连贯表达的能力。以全国二卷阅读C篇为例，该短文从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起，介绍绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究，倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。短文结构清晰，语言难度适中，各小题考查正确理解数据含义、辨识研究结果内容、根据上下文信息推断作者意图和总结概括全文主旨要义的能力，完全符合课程标准对语言能力考查的要求。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2025年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 主题语境：人与自然--自然生态(人与动植物) 语篇内容：文章通过 Detrinidad 成功经营植物店的故事，引出植物行业的热潮，并引用专家研究说明植物如何提升幸福感、减压、提高学习和工作效率，最后鼓励读者以平常心对待养植物的过程，强调照顾植物是一种值得投入的学习与成长过程。 语篇立意：通过植物对人们的积极影响，倡导人与自然和谐相处以及健康的生活方式。 语篇长度：263词 语篇结构： ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1.explode v. 爆炸；爆发→n. _____________爆炸；爆发 2.satisfy vt. 使满意；满足→n. _____________满意；满足 3.academic adj. 学术的；学业的→adv. _____________学术上；学业上 4.productive adj. 多产的；有成效的→adv. _____________有成效地 5.finance n. 财政；金融→adj. _____________财政的；金融的 6.surprising adj. 令人惊讶的→adv. _____________令人惊讶地 7.pure adj. 纯的；纯净的→vt. _____________净化；提纯 8.necessary adj. 必要的；必需的→n. _____________必要；必需品 9.sustainable adj. 可持续的→n. _____________可持续性 10.repeat vt. 重复→adj. _____________重复的 11.bright adj. 明亮的 →vt. _____________使明亮；使开心 【答案】1.explosion 2. satisfaction 3. academically 4. productively 5. financial 6. surprisingly 7. purify 8. necessity 9. sustainability 10. repeated 11. brighten 二、识词知意 1.opposite adj. _____________ 2.flood vt. _____________ 3.order n. _____________ 4.rating n. _____________ 5.environment n. _____________ 6.mood n. _____________ 7.hormone n. _____________ 8.decrease vt. _____________ 9.workplace n. _____________ 10.sustain vt. _____________ 11.tough adj. _____________ 12.enhance vt. _____________ 13.professional adj. _____________ 14.replace vt. _____________ 15.boost vt. _____________ 16.tip n. _____________ 【答案】1.相反的；对立的2.淹没；大量涌入3.命令；顺序；订单4.评分；等级；收视率5.环境；周围状况6.心情；情绪7.荷尔蒙8.减少；降低；使减少9.工作场所；办公室10.维持；保持11.困难的；坚韧的12.提高；增强；增进13.专业的；职业的14.代替；取代15.促进；推动16.建议；小费；尖端 三、高频语块 1.ship out _____________ 2.send out _____________ 3.lead to _____________ 4.don’t beat yourself up _____________ 5.make it _____________ 6.tend to _____________ 7.appeal to _____________ 8.suffer a great loss _____________ 9.translate into _____________ 10.sick leave _____________ 【答案】1.（货物）运出2.发出（信件）；派遣（人员）3.导致（结果）；通向（某地）4.别自责5.成功做到；（及时）到达6.照料7.吸引；呼吁；起诉8.遭受重大损失 9.转化为，适合 10. 病假 四、长难句分析 1.Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. 翻译：植物能通过几种方式改善我们的精神状态，而其中最主要的方式，是降低我们体内的皮质醇水平 —— 即人体内的压力激素。 分析：这是一个but连接的并列句，the stress hormone (激素) in our body作cortisol的同位语，起解释说明作用。 2.Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. 翻译：医生行医，律师执业，而你也应该给自己足够的实践机会，去学习养护植物。 分析：it takes to sustain a plant.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the practice。 五、真题语料改变单句语法填空 1.When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop __________(sell) houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. 2.But the opposite happened: She was flooded, __________(ship) out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. 3.In the past year, Detrinidad __________(send) out more than 70,000 plants. 4.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an __________(explode) in the houseplant industry. 5.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life __________(satisfy) rating, ” she says. 6. __________(add) more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think. 7.Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by __________(decrease) our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. 8.“Students __________ are around plants perform better __________(academic) academically than students who are in a classroom __________ plants,” says Knuth. 9.Our study showed that there was __________ 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 10.If you’re __________ the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat __________(you) up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. 11.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes __________(sustain) a plant. 12. __________(tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. 【答案】1. selling 2. shipping 3. sent 4. explosion 5. satisfaction 6. Adding 7. decreasing 8. who, without 9. a 10. among, yourself 11. to sustain 12. Tending ( 解题指导 ) ( 说明文 满分 作答解题 技巧 ) 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构：特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点。 3. 设题特点：就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点：科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 学生在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真确定答案 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段主旨概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 分类变式 ) 变式一、植物话题高考真题再现 01（2024新课标I卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 1. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 2. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 3. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 4. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 02（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 2. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 03（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。 04（2020·全国I卷）The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。 05（2017·全国卷）When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 1. What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals. 2. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 3. Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________. A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects C. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The world is changing faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before C. The world is more complex than it seems D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当多叶植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，会发出挥发性有机化合物，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.”（早在1983年，两位科学家杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温就报告说，小枫树被昆虫咬后会散发出一种特殊的气味，邻近的植物也能闻到。这些化学物质来自植物受损的部分，似乎是一种警报。植物排出的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物(简称VOCs)的化学混合物。）可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D项。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”（正在吃午餐的攻击者现在变成了植物的午餐）可推知，此处为一旦它们到达这里，局面就反转了然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐。故可猜测划线短语the tables are turned为“形势发生了逆转”的意思，即“攻击者受到攻击”。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.”（科学家们发现，所有种类的植物在受到攻击时都会释放出挥发性有机化合物。）以及第三段第一句“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”（有些植物会排出有气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。）可知，植物通过在受到攻击时释放有味的化学物质来让昆虫远离它，所以植物能保护自己不受昆虫攻击。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.”（150多年前，查尔斯·达尔文设想了一个比我们所能看到和听到的世界更繁忙、更嘈杂、更亲密的世界。我们的感官很弱。发生了很多事情。）可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。由此可推知，世界比看起来要复杂得多。故选C项。 变式二、植物话题最新名校模拟 01（25-26高三上·甘肃庆阳·阶段练习）Hydrangeas (绣球花) turn blue in the presence of acids and red in an alkaline (碱性) environment. When the pH is smaller than 7, the flowers turn blue, while when the pH is greater than 7, the flowers turn red. The key ingredient here is aluminum ions (铝离子). The soil pH helps the aluminum ions move throughout the soil, and it is these ions that are responsible for the change in bloom color. Even the same plant can have different color flowers if the roots are spread out across soil with varying pH. However, simply having aluminum in the soil is not enough. The soil must also be acidic enough for the plant to be able to absorb the aluminum ions. When aluminum ions are present in acidic soil, they can move around more freely. It is worth noting that the roots of hydrangeas also emit citric acid. The aluminum ions move to the roots and form a complex with the citric acid ions, which are then absorbed by the plant. This complex eventually reaches the leaves, where they react with the pigments to turn the leaves blue. So in order for the flowers to be blue, we need aluminum ions in the soil, and we need the soil to be acidic. If the soil is not acidic, or if enough aluminum is not present, adding aluminum sulphate to the soil can turn the flowers blue. When these same aluminum ions are present in neutral to basic soil, they combine with hydroxide ions to form aluminum hydroxide, which cannot move around. This means that the plant won't be able to absorb aluminum, so the leaves retain their reddish color. Adding calcium hydroxide to the soil can change the color of blooms to reddish pink, as calcium hydroxide adds hydroxide ions, which bind with the aluminum. This color change effect, however, is not instant. It takes 1-2 growing seasons to observe the change in color. 1. What can we know about Hydrangeas? A. They have red flowers in acidic soil. B. They have blue flowers in acidic soil. C. They have blue flowers in alkaline soil. D. The color of their flowers keeps changing. 2. What play the most important role in the flow of aluminum ions? A. Plant stems. B. Plant leaves. C. Plant roots. D. Acids. 3. What can be inferred about the color of hydrangeas from the text? A. It's only red and blue. B. It is difficult to change. C. It can be artificially controlled. D. It depends on the color of the soil. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. Can Soil pH Affect Flower Color? B. Can Soil pH Be Changed Artificially? C. Do Aluminum Ions Flow Through the Soil? D. Does Soil pH Determine Its Acidity and Base? 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了绣球花颜色变化的原理，还说明了人工调节土壤成分改变花色的方法及所需时间。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hydrangeas (绣球花) turn blue in the presence of acids and red in an alkaline (碱性) environment. When the pH is smaller than 7, the flowers turn blue, while when the pH is greater than 7, the flowers turn red. (绣球花在酸性环境中会变蓝，在碱性环境中会变红。当pH值小于7时，花朵会变蓝，当pH值大于7时，花变成红色。)”可知，绣球花在酸性土壤（pH值小于7，呈酸性）中开蓝色花。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is worth noting that the roots of hydrangeas also emit citric acid. The aluminum ions move to the roots and form a complex with the citric acid ions, which are then absorbed by the plant. (值得注意的是，绣球花的根部还会分泌柠檬酸。铝离子会移动到根部，与柠檬酸根离子形成复合物，随后被植物吸收。)”可知，绣球花根部分泌的柠檬酸与铝离子结合，帮助铝离子被吸收，在铝离子的流动中起最重要作用。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“If the soil is not acidic, or if enough aluminum is not present, adding aluminum sulphate to the soil can turn the flowers blue. (如果土壤不是酸性的，或者没有足够的铝，向土壤中添加硫酸铝可以使花朵变蓝。)”和 “Adding calcium hydroxide to the soil can change the color of blooms to reddish pink as calcium hydroxide adds hydroxide ions, which bind with the aluminum. (向土壤中加入氢氧化钙可以将花朵的颜色变成红粉色，因为氢氧化钙会加入氢氧根离子，氢氧根离子会与铝结合。)”可知，人们可以通过向土壤中添加不同物质来改变绣球花的颜色，即其花色可人工控制。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Hydrangeas (绣球花) turn blue in the presence of acids and red in an alkaline (碱性) environment. When the pH is smaller than 7, the flowers turn blue, while when the pH is greater than 7, the flowers turn red. The key ingredient here is aluminum ions (铝离子). The soil pH helps the aluminum ions move throughout the soil, and it is these ions that are responsible for the change in bloom color. (绣绣球花在酸性环境中会变蓝，在碱性环境中会变红。当pH值小于7时，花朵会变蓝，当pH值大于7时，花变成红色。这里的关键成分是铝离子。土壤的pH值帮助铝离子在土壤中移动，正是这些离子导致了开花颜色的变化。)”可知，文章通篇围绕绣球花颜色变化展开，核心是土壤酸碱度（pH 值）如何通过影响铝离子，进而决定绣球花是蓝色还是红色，还提及人工调节土壤 pH 相关物质改变花色的方法。选项A“土壤pH值会影响花色吗？” 能概括文章核心内容，可以作为最佳标题。故选A。 02（25-26高二上·江西·阶段练习）We have all heard that reducing meat and dairy consumption is an important behavioral change that can help with our planet’s climate. However, what is a successful strategy to get people to consume more plant-based food? Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital (BWFH) has an answer. It pioneered a vegetarian or vegan option to reduce climate change. It is one of 60 hospitals, universities, major corporations, and cities that have signed an international pledge (承诺) to reduce food-related greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030. One of the main ways BWFH is using is not mentioning the word “vegetarian”(or “vegan”. Vegetarian food does not contain any meat or fish, and vegan food does not contain meat or any animal products such as milk, butter, or cheese. The hospital adopted some strategies like focusing on the benefits of the ingredients in the dish and not mentioning “vegetarian” or “vegan” in the name of any dishes on the hospital cafeteria menu. Another strategy that has been experimented with is the order of foods. For example, putting vegetarian and vegan foods before their meat counterparts urges the patients to take plant-based foods first. Through research, the hospital has found that vegetarian and vegan labeled foods tend to categorize foods and attract only a certain group of the hospital’s patients. Vegetarian and vegan foods have been left out of the diets of people who don’t have any dietary restrictions. Although food is only a small percentage of hospital carbon emissions, reducing meat in cafeteria food will reduce the carbon emissions significantly. Additionally, vegetarian and vegan diets will help diversify people’s diets, increasing their intake of healthful fiber, vitamins, and other micronutrients. Adding fish to their menus in the future is another good option since it can be sustainably fished. Since starting the pledge, BWFH has seen a surprising 2.2% decrease in total emissions per calorie. This result of these measures matches a similar study from MIT and can change how we think of plant-based foods. 1. Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph? A. To summarize the text. B. To present a controversial issue. C. To introduce the topic of discussion. D. To raise doubts about the following data. 2. What do we know about BWFH? A. It favours meat products. B. It pledges to reduce consumption. C. It takes advantage of greenhouse gas. D. It shows concern for the environment. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly say about BWFH? A. Its plans to increase food orders. B. The richness of its cafeteria menu. C. Its strategies to promote plant-based meals. D. The disadvantages of its dietary restrictions. 4. Which word best describes the effect of BWFH’s measures? A. Remarkable. B. Temporary. C. Limited. D. One-sided. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍布莱根妇女福克纳医院推广植物性饮食以减少碳排放的策略及成效。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We have all heard that reducing meat and dairy consumption is an important behavioral change that can help with our planet’s climate. However, what is a successful strategy to get people to consume more plant-based food?(我们都知道，减少肉类和乳制品消费是有助于地球气候的重要行为改变。然而，让人们更多地消费植物性食物的成功策略是什么？)”可知，作者先提出“减少肉奶制品有益气候”这一已知观点，再通过问句引出“如何推广植物性饮食”的核心话题，为下文介绍医院的相关策略做铺垫。所以作者在第一段问问题的目的是介绍文章的主题。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital (BWFH) has an answer. It pioneered a vegetarian or vegan option to reduce climate change. It is one of 60 hospitals, universities, major corporations, and cities that have signed an international pledge (承诺) to reduce food-related greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030.(布莱根妇女福克纳医院（BWFH）给出了答案。该医院率先推出素食或纯素饮食选择，以助力减缓气候变化。它还是 60 家签署了国际承诺的医院、大学、大型企业及城市之一，承诺到 2030 年将与食物相关的温室气体排放量减少 25%。)”可知，BWFH通过推广植物性饮食、签署减排承诺等行动，体现出对环境的关注。故选D项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“One of the main ways BWFH is using is not mentioning the word “vegetarian”(or “vegan”. Vegetarian food does not contain any meat or fish, and vegan food does not contain meat or any animal products such as milk, butter, or cheese. The hospital adopted some strategies like focusing on the benefits of the ingredients in the dish and not mentioning “vegetarian” or “vegan” in the name of any dishes on the hospital cafeteria menu. Another strategy that has been experimented with is the order of foods.(布莱根妇女福克纳医院（BWFH）采用的主要方法之一，就是不提 “素食”（或 “纯素”）这个词。素食不含任何肉类或鱼类，而纯素饮食则不含肉类及牛奶、黄油、奶酪等任何动物制品。该医院采取了多项策略，例如：在宣传时聚焦菜品中食材的益处，且在医院自助餐厅的菜单菜名中，绝不提及 “素食” 或 “纯素”；此外，医院还尝试了另一项策略 —— 调整食物的摆放顺序。)”可知，该段核心是介绍BWFH推广植物性饮食的具体策略。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Since starting the pledge, BWFH has seen a surprising 2.2% decrease in total emissions per calorie. This result of these measures matches a similar study from MIT and can change how we think of plant-based foods.(自签署承诺以来，BWFH的每卡路里总排放量下降了2.2%，这一结果令人惊讶。这些措施的成效与麻省理工学院（MIT）的一项类似研究相符，且可能改变我们对植物性食物的看法。)”可知，BWFH措施的效果是显著的。故选A项。 03（25-26高三上·河北·阶段练习）Most people think of bees as creatures that live in rural fields or wooden beehives, but more and more bees are now making cities their home. Urban areas, with leafy parks, rooftop gardens, and even small window boxes, can provide plenty of flowers for bees to collect nectar and pollen. However, these city-dwelling bees face unique challenges that many people don’t notice — challenges that make their daily lives much harder than those of rural bees. One big problem is the lack of diverse food sources. Many city gardens only grow a few types of flowers, which bloom for short periods. This means bees might not get all the proteins and sugars they need to stay healthy, especially in seasons when flowers are scarce. Another issue is pesticide use: some cities spray chemicals on public lawns and street trees to kill pests, and these toxic substances can stick to flower petals, harming bees when they feed. Even light pollution at night affects bees — bright streetlights and building lights can confuse their navigation systems, making it hard for them to find their way back to hives after foraging at dusk. Why does this matter? Bees are crucial pollinators. They fly from flower to flower, carrying pollen that helps plants produce fruits and seeds — including many of the vegetables and fruits we eat daily. Without enough healthy bees, city community gardens and local small-scale farms might struggle to grow food, leading to fewer fresh options at nearby markets. Luckily, there are simple ways to help. Planting a variety of native flowers in balconies or community gardens gives bees a steady food supply. Avoiding harmful pesticides and turning off unnecessary outdoor lights at night also makes cities safer for these tiny workers. Cities don’t have to be bad for bees. With small, consistent changes, we can turn urban areas into friendly habitats that support these important insects. 1. What do many people not notice about urban bees? A. They live in cities. B. They face special problems. C. They like city flowers. D. They make honey. 2. Why is lack of diverse flowers a problem for bees? A. They get bored easily. B. They can’t find their hives. C. They need more nutrients. D. They hate few flower types. 3. What does the text say about bees’ role? A. They help plants grow. B. They clean city parks. C. They make cities beautiful. D. They kill garden pests. 4. Which way to help bees is NOT mentioned in the text? A. Growing native flowers in balconies. B. Turning off extra outdoor lights. C. Using safe pesticides for plants. D. Creating community flower gardens. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市中的蜜蜂面临的挑战、重要性及帮助它们的方法。 1. 细节理解题。 根据第一段中“However, these city-dwelling bees face unique challenges that many people don’t notice — challenges that make their daily lives much harder than those of rural bees. (然而，这些生活在城市中的蜜蜂面临着许多人没有注意到的独特挑战——这些挑战让它们的日常生活比乡村蜜蜂要艰难得多)”可知，许多人没有注意到城市中的蜜蜂面临的特殊问题。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。 根据第二段中“One big problem is the lack of diverse food sources. Many city gardens only grow a few types of flowers, which bloom for short periods. This means bees might not get all the proteins and sugars they need to stay healthy, especially in seasons when flowers are scarce.(一个很大的问题是缺乏多样化的食物来源。许多城市花园只种植几种类型的花，这些花的花期很短。这意味着蜜蜂可能无法获得它们保持健康所需的所有蛋白质和糖分，尤其是在鲜花稀少的季节)”可知，缺乏多样化的花朵对蜜蜂来说是一个问题，因为它们需要更多的营养来保持健康。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。 根据第三段中“Bees are crucial pollinators. They fly from flower to flower, carrying pollen that helps plants produce fruits and seeds — including many of the vegetables and fruits we eat daily.(蜜蜂是至关重要的传粉者。它们从一朵花飞到另一朵花，携带花粉，帮助植物结出果实和种子——包括我们每天吃的许多蔬菜和水果)”可知，蜜蜂的作用是帮助植物生长（结出果实和种子）。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。 根据第三段中“Luckily, there are simple ways to help. Planting a variety of native flowers in balconies or community gardens gives bees a steady food supply. Avoiding harmful pesticides and turning off unnecessary outdoor lights at night also makes cities safer for these tiny workers.(幸运的是，有一些简单的方法可以帮助它们。在阳台或社区花园种植各种本地花卉，为蜜蜂提供稳定的食物供应。避免使用有害的杀虫剂，晚上关掉不必要的室外灯，也能让这些小工人更安全)”可知，文中并未提及为植物使用安全杀虫剂来帮助蜜蜂。故选C。 04（25-26高三上·江苏镇江·开学考试）Female moths (蛾) don’t rely on sight or smell alone. They can also hear stressed plants. Scientists found that these insects detect ultrasonic (超声的) clicks from plants under drought stress and use them when choosing egg-laying sites. Plants produce airborne ultrasonic sounds when stressed. These vibrations (震颤), previously thought to be undetectable by animals, can travel through the air. The Egyptian cotton leafworm moth, Spodoptera littoralis, hears these sounds. This species has ears sensitive to the 20 to 60 kHz range, with peak sensitivity around 38 kHz. That is where many plant clicks fall. The researchers assumed that female moths might use these plant sounds to decide where to lay eggs. Their experiments confirmed this. The study involved multiple experiments with precise setups. In a no-plant environment, moths preferred laying eggs near a speaker playing recorded plant stress sounds. When these moths were deafened, the preference disappeared. This proved that the response came from hearing, not other cues (提示). In contrast, when healthy plants were added and the same sounds were played near one, the moths chose the silent plant. This indicated that when real plants were present, moths correctly interpreted the sounds as warnings. Scientists find that without a visible plant, sound becomes the only cue. So moths associate it with plant presence. But when they can see or smell real plants, and one gives off stress sounds, they avoid it. This shows a context-based decision-making process. This study reveals that plant sounds can guide insect behavior. The researchers think other animals might also use these sounds. “In this study, we revealed the first evidence for acoustic (声学的) interaction between a plant and an insect. We are convinced that this is just the beginning,” noted the researchers. “Acoustic interaction between plants and animals doubtlessly has many more forms and a wide range of roles.” 1. Why can the Egyptian cotton leafworm moth hear plant clicks? A. They are especially loud. B. They are entirely distinct. C. They travel via special media. D. They match its hearing range. 2. What did the moths choose when real plants were present in the experiment? A. The speaker playing sounds. B. Plants giving off no warning signals. C. Healthy plants producing sounds. D. Plants needing to be watered. 3. Which word best describes the impact of the research according to the last paragraph? A. Far-reaching. B. Controllable. C. Short-lived. D. Tolerable. 4. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Plants give off measurable stress sounds B. Plants make stress sounds for lack of water C. Moths guide complex plant-insect interactions D. Moths detect plant sounds for egg-laying choices 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现雌蛾能通过听觉感知植物受压时发出的超声波，并利用这些声音选择产卵地点，揭示了植物与昆虫之间新的声学互动方式，且这种互动可能具有广泛的生态意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This species has ears sensitive to the 20 to 60 kHz range, with peak sensitivity around 38 kHz. That is where many plant clicks fall. (该物种的耳朵对20至60千赫兹范围内的声音敏感，峰值敏感度约为38千赫兹。而许多植物发出的咔哒声正好落在这个范围内)”可知，这种飞蛾能够听到植物发出的咔哒声是因为这一声音频率与它们的听觉范围相匹配。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In contrast, when healthy plants were added and the same sounds were played near one, the moths chose the silent plant. This indicated that when real plants were present, moths correctly interpreted the sounds as warnings. (相反，当加入健康的植物并在其中一株附近播放相同的声音时，飞蛾选择了没有声音的植物。这表明当真实植物存在时，飞蛾正确地将其声音解读为警告信号)”可知，实验显示，当真实植物存在时，飞蛾会选择没有发出警告信号的植物。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中研究者所说的话“In this study, we revealed the first evidence for acoustic (声学的) interaction between a plant and an insect. We are convinced that this is just the beginning (在这项研究中，我们首次揭示了植物与昆虫之间的声学互动证据。我们确信，这仅仅是一个开端)”和“Acoustic interaction between plants and animals doubtlessly has many more forms and a wide range of roles. (植物与动物之间的声学互动无疑具有更多形式和广泛的作用)”可知，这项研究提供了植物与昆虫之间的声学互动的首份证据，表明这种互动可能具有广泛的意义，因此它具有深远影响。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Female moths (蛾) don’t rely on sight or smell alone. They can also hear stressed plants. Scientists found that these insects detect ultrasonic (超声的) clicks from plants under drought stress and use them when choosing egg-laying sites. (雌蛾不仅依靠视觉或嗅觉。它们还能“听见”受压的植物。科学家发现，这些昆虫能够探测到干旱压力下的植物发出的超声波咔嗒声，并利用这些声音来选择产卵地点)”可知，文章主要介绍了雌蛾如何利用植物受压时发出的超声波来选择产卵地点，揭示了植物与昆虫之间新的互动方式。因此，D项“飞蛾通过检测植物声音来选择产卵地点”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 05（25-26高三上·广西南宁·开学考试）New research reveals that wild horses and donkeys in the US can dig wells as humans do. As described in a paper, , the equine(马科的) animals use their hooves(蹄) to dig more than six feet deep to reach groundwater for themselves, in turn creating water sources that benefit other wildlife. Horses and donkeys, introduced into the wild over the centuries, have taken up residence throughout much of the American West. The wells they dig transform into “hotbeds of animal activity”, according to Erick Lundgren, a researcher from Denmark and the study’s first author. Over the course of three summers, researchers set up camera traps to observe wildlife at several sites in seasonal riverbeds. Horses and donkeys frequented and dug wells at these locations. The researchers found that a total of 57 species came to these equine-created wells to drink. They also set up cameras at nearby spots without wells to serve as scientific controls and determine the influence of the wells in attracting wildlife. The species richness observed at these wells was 64 percent higher than at the control sites, suggesting the animals intentionally visited the equine-made wells. The researchers also mapped open-water sources in the areas surrounding their study sites and found that the well-digging equines increased accessible surface water density (密度) up to 14 times. They also found willows and cottonwoods rooting at some wells, suggesting these spots could serve as nurseries for these declining desert trees. Wild horses and donkeys perform crucial ecological functions. Their behaviour fits the definition of “ecosystem engineering”, a phenomenon through which wild animals change their environment. Ecologist Michael Bogan, who was not involved in the study, suspects the behaviour is widespread in deserts with loose sand or small rocks, where water is buried at a relatively shallow level. 1. Why are equine-made wells called “hotbeds of animal activity”? A. They are perfect for animals to rest. B. They are dangerous for smaller animals. C. They are hot enough for animals. D. They are attractive for various species. 2. What was the purpose of setting up cameras at spots without wells? A. To map water density. B. To compare wildlife activity levels. C. To study the digging habits. D. To observe how plants grow in the wild. 3. What can be the impact of equine-made wells on desert trees? A. They prevent the trees from growing. B. They help the declining tree species survive. C. They hurt the root of desert trees. D. They reduce the need for water resources. 4. What does the research mainly focus on? A. Wild equines learn to dig wells. B. Equine-dug wells decrease biodiversity. C. Wild equines engineer ecosystems. D. Wild animals damage desert ecosystems. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国野生马科动物会挖掘水井，这些水井造福其他野生动物并助力沙漠树木生长，体现其生态工程作用。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The researchers found that a total of 57 species came to these equine-created wells to drink. They also set up cameras at nearby spots without wells to serve as scientific controls and determine the influence of the wells in attracting wildlife. The species richness observed at these wells was 64 percent higher than at the control sites, suggesting the animals intentionally visited the equine-made wells. (研究人员发现，共有57个物种会来到这些马科动物挖掘的水井饮水。他们还在附近没有水井的地点安装了摄像头作为科学对照，以确定水井在吸引野生动物方面的影响。在这些水井处观察到的物种丰富度比对照地点高出64%，这表明动物们是有意前往这些马科动物打造的水井的。)”可知，马科动物挖掘的水井能吸引多种物种前来饮水，因此被称为“动物活动的温床”。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They also set up cameras at nearby spots without wells to serve as scientific controls and determine the influence of the wells in attracting wildlife. (他们还在附近没有水井的地点安装了摄像头作为科学对照，以确定水井在吸引野生动物方面的影响。)”可知，在无水井的地点安装摄像头，是为了通过与有水井地点的对照，比较两处的野生动物活动水平，从而明确水井对吸引野生动物的作用。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They also found willows and cottonwoods rooting at some wells, suggesting these spots could serve as nurseries for these declining desert trees. (他们还发现柳树和三角叶杨在一些水井处扎根，这表明这些地点可能成为这些数量减少的沙漠树木的育苗地。)”可知，马科动物挖掘的水井能为数量减少的沙漠树木提供生长环境，帮助这些濒危树种存活。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“Wild horses and donkeys perform crucial ecological functions. Their behaviour fits the definition of “ecosystem engineering”, a phenomenon through which wild animals change their environment. (野生马和驴发挥着关键的生态功能。它们的行为符合“生态工程”的定义，即野生动物改变自身生存环境的现象。)”可知，文章围绕野生马科动物挖掘水井的行为展开，重点阐述该行为对生态系统的积极影响，即它们对生态系统的“工程作用”。因此“野生马科动物构建生态系统”是研究的核心内容。故选C项。 06（24-25高二下·河北秦皇岛·期末）A recent experiment on China’s space station showed that it’s possible to have closed aquatic (水生的) ecosystems in space. In this experiment, zebrafish, a small fish, successfully completed their life cycle from growth to reproduction in 43 days. On April 25th, four zebrafish, along with four grams of aquatic plants and three Chinese astronauts, were sent into space on the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft. The goal was to create a closed aquatic ecosystem where plants would produce oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep the fish alive. The fish, in turn, would provide nutrients to the plants through their waste. This setup aimed to create an environment where life could be sustained without outside help. Researchers from the Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the CAS designed the experiment. They built a fish tank with an advanced recycling system. The zebrafish food was injected into it with a syringe (注射器) to keep the ecosystem self-sufficient. The zebrafish, which are about 3 to 5 centimeters long, laid over 300 eggs at a time. Because zebrafish share over 70% of their genes with humans, they are ideal for studying human diseases and developing new drugs. In the microgravity of the space station, the zebrafish exhibited peculiar swimming patterns, including upside-down and spinning. These observations helped researchers understand how vertebrates (脊椎动物) adapt to space conditions. This experiment laid the foundation for future research in aquatic biology and space medicine. It also opened the door to sending more vertebrates into space to study their long-term effects. The water samples collected by the astronauts were brought back to Earth and stored in ultra-low temperature cases for further analysis. The successful creation of a closed aquatic ecosystem on the space station is a big achievement for China’s space technology. It advances our understanding of life in space and provides important data and support for future missions. With over 500 labs in China working on zebrafish research, this experiment opens new possibilities in space biology and life sciences. 1. What was the main purpose of the experiment involving zebrafish? A. To see how long zebrafish can survive in space. B. To study the effects of microgravity on human cells. C. To create a self-sustaining aquatic ecosystem in space. D. To test the ability of zebrafish to swim in microgravity. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The tank. B. The food. C. The system. D. The experiment. 3. What did the zebrafish exhibit in the microgravity environment? A. Rapid growth. B. Increased appetite. C. Increased egg production. D. Abnormal swimming behaviors. 4. What can we infer about the experiment from the fifth paragraph? A. It has great significance. B. It involves extensive laboratory analysis. C. The results have been widely applied in daily life. D. It involves cooperation among multiple countries. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国空间站近期进行的一项关于斑马鱼的实验，该实验成功在太空中建立了封闭的水生生态系统，为未来的水生生物学和空间医学研究奠定了基础。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The goal was to create a closed aquatic ecosystem where plants would produce oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep the fish alive. (目标是创建一个封闭的水生生态系统，植物通过光合作用产生氧气来维持鱼的生存)”可知，实验的主要目的是在太空中创建一个自给自足的水生生态系统。故选C项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“They built a fish tank with an advanced recycling system. The zebrafish food was injected into it with a syringe (注射器) to keep the ecosystem self-sufficient. (他们建造了一个带有先进循环系统的水族箱。斑马鱼的食物用注射器注入到鱼缸中，以保持生态系统的自给自足)”和指代关系可知，指示代词it指代前文提到的“水族箱”。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the microgravity of the space station, the zebrafish exhibited peculiar swimming patterns, including upside-down and spinning. (在空间站的微重力环境下，斑马鱼表现出奇特的游泳模式，包括倒立和旋转)”可知，斑马鱼在微重力环境下表现出异常的游泳行为。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“This experiment laid the foundation for future research in aquatic biology and space medicine. It also opened the door to sending more vertebrates into space to study their long-term effects. (这项实验为未来的水生生物学和空间医学研究奠定了基础。它还为将更多的脊椎动物送入太空以研究其长期影响打开了大门)”可推知，这项实验为未来的研究奠定了基础，具有重要的意义。故选A项。 07（2026届吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模英语试题）A phenomenon called ‘false autumn’ is raising concerns among conservationists about its potential impacts on wildlife in the coming months, a charity says. “Some trees are going brown as a survival strategy to minimize water loss and conserve vital nutrients,” Drazen Nesic, a nature photographer, put it. The Devon Wildlife Trust said trees had been casting off leaves about two months early because of recent hot weather. It also said usual wild foods for birds and mammals may reduce as a result — with berries and nuts having been appearing much earlier than usual, with many reported to be smaller and “less juicy” than normal. For hibernating (冬眠) species like the protected Hazel Dormouse (睡鼠), these changes could prove particularly dangerous. “With decreased food supplies, many animals may enter winter without adequate fat reserves essential for surviving hibernation,” noted a DWT spokesperson. The organization has documented cases where dormice weighed 15 — 20% less than normal for this time of year. Staff in DWT said that, despite some recent rain, people should put out regular supplies of water in gardens, plus high-energy foods, to help wildlife. To relieve these impacts, conservationists recommend creating wildlife-friendly habitats by planting native bushes and leaving fallen leaves as natural protection. Additionally, setting up extra feeding stations with nutrient-rich foods like sunflower seeds can provide crucial support. Community-led initiatives, such as wildlife watering programs, are also being encouraged to help species adapt to these shifting conditions. Steve Hussey, from the Trust, commented: “Nature’s timing is everything for our wildlife. The climate crisis is bringing with it seasonal weather patterns which our wildlife is just not adapted to. Our long, hot summer and the false autumn will have a knock-on for many species right into the real autumn months and beyond.” 1. Why are trees dropping leaves earlier than normal this year according to the Devon Wildlife Trust? A. Trees faced unusual heat stresses. B. People destroyed the leaves for gardening. C. Heavy rainfall damaged the leaves. D. Mammals ate up the premature leaves. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Wild animals hibernate earlier for not storing enough fat. B. Trees are changing color to produce more food for animals. C. DWT is responsible for providing food supplies for animals. D. Wild foods are facing a lack of production in hot weather. 3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Complicated steps for gardeners to follow. B. Encouragement to start community projects. C. Various measures to aid wildlife. D. The success of current conservation efforts. 4. Which can best describe Steve Hussey’s attitude towards the climate crisis? A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Indifferent. D. Skeptical. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了高温导致树木异常落叶的“虚假秋天”现象对野生动物的威胁，并提出了多项保护建议，此外专家强调气候危机正在破坏自然的季节性规律。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Devon Wildlife Trust said trees had been casting off leaves about two months early because of recent hot weather. (德文郡野生动物信托基金会表示，由于近期高温天气，树木提前约两个月落叶)”可知，今年树木的落叶比往年早是因为树木面临异常高温压力。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It also said usual wild foods for birds and mammals may reduce as a result — with berries and nuts having been appearing much earlier than usual, with many reported to be smaller and “less juicy” than normal. (该机构还表示，鸟类和哺乳动物通常食用的野生食物可能会因此减少——浆果和坚果出现的时间比平时早得多，据报道，许多浆果和坚果比平时更小，“汁液更少”)”可推知，炎热天气下，野生食物面临着产量不足的问题。故选D项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Staff in DWT said that, despite some recent rain, people should put out regular supplies of water in gardens, plus high-energy foods, to help wildlife. To relieve these impacts, conservationists recommend creating wildlife-friendly habitats by planting native bushes and leaving fallen leaves as natural protection. Additionally, setting up extra feeding stations with nutrient-rich foods like sunflower seeds can provide crucial support. Community-led initiatives, such as wildlife watering programs, are also being encouraged to help species adapt to these shifting conditions. (DWT的工作人员说，尽管最近有些降雨，但人们应该在花园中定期提供水和高能量食物，以帮助野生动物。为了减轻这些影响，自然资源保护主义者建议通过种植本地灌木和留下落叶作为自然保护来创造野生动物友好的栖息地。此外，用葵花籽等营养丰富的食物建立额外的喂养站可以提供至关重要的支持。也鼓励社区主导的倡议，如野生动物浇水计划，以帮助物种适应这些变化的条件)”可知，本段聚焦帮助野生动物的多种措施，包括提供水和高能量食物、种植本地灌木和保留落叶、设立营养喂食站和鼓励社区项目。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Steve Hussey所说的话“Nature’s timing is everything for our wildlife. The climate crisis is bringing with it seasonal weather patterns which our wildlife is just not adapted to. Our long, hot summer and the false autumn will have a knock-on for many species right into the real autumn months and beyond. (大自然的时机决定了野生动物的一切。气候危机带来了季节性的天气模式，我们的野生动物还不适应。我们漫长而炎热的夏季和虚假的秋季将对许多物种产生连锁反应，一直到真正的秋季甚至更长时间)”可知，他强调气候危机对野生动物的负面影响，体现担忧的态度。故选B项。 08（25-26高二上·甘肃平凉·阶段练习）In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal threads (真菌丝). When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighbouring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground Internet”. “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声波的) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew towards the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be reconsidered? Torres responds firmly: “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience.” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak”, fields “warn”, and gardens “guide” — a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, informing farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance: “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1. How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to Paragraph 1? A. By attracting helpful insects. B. By growing thicker leaves. C. By producing complex sounds. D. By releasing chemical warnings. 2. What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in Paragraph 2? A. Plants ignore droughts. B. Plants prefer silence. C. Plants respond to pest sounds. D. Plants react to water sounds. 2. What does the underlined word “sentience” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Balance. B. Feeling. C. Competition. D. Information. 3. What is Rachel Lin’s attitude towards using apps to learn plant signals? A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物之间通过真菌网络进行复杂的交流，以及科学家们如何利用这些发现来改进农业实践。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighbouring plants to produce poison.( 当受到昆虫的攻击时，豆类植物通过这些真菌丝释放化学信号，警告邻近的植物产生毒素。)”可知，当受到昆虫攻击时，豆类植物会通过真菌丝释放化学信号，警告邻近植物产生毒素。所以豆类植物对昆虫攻击的反应是释放化学警告。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals.( 在另一项实验中，豌豆植物被暴露在毛毛虫吃叶子的声音中，产生了更高水平的防御性化学物质。)”可知，暴露在毛毛虫吃叶子的声音中的豌豆植物会产生更高水平的防御性化学物质。这表明植物会对害虫的声音做出反应。故选C项。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not…(植物没有神经系统。压力反应是一种生存机制，而不是……。)”可知，这里说的是植物缺乏神经系统，应激反应是生存机制，而不是感觉。这里的“sentience”意思是“感觉”，与B选项Feeling“感觉”意思相符。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.”(“大自然的语言是复杂的，”生态学家Rachel Lin博士说。“将其简化为应用程序可能会失去更深层次的联系。”)”可知，她认为自然的语言是复杂的，将其简化为应用程序可能会错过更深层次的联系。所以她对使用应用程序来了解植物信号的态度是怀疑的。故选C项。 09（2025·广东·模拟预测）In Hazelwood, a group called Seedlings (幼苗) for Tomorrow gives every child three plants to grow in their own garden. Unlike a public park, these plants are theirs to keep forever. Kids “check out” at the city’s greenhouse not with money, but by joining the group’s Garden Buddy project. This project pairs each young gardener with an adult guide. They have a 45-minute virtual meeting each week to learn about gardening and nature. “Every kid should feel the joy of growing something with their own hands,” said Orson Pike, the project director. Orson started the non-profit organization Seedlings for Tomorrow in 2022. Soon he realized that just giving away plants wasn’t enough. “Some groups think dropping off supplies is helping. But if people don’t know how to use them, it’s like giving them a stone,” he explained. That’s why the program focuses on teaching skills — like how to water plants properly, what seasons are best for planting, and how to protect flowers from insects. At the greenhouse, children can pick from sunflowers, strawberries, lavender, and even small vegetable kits. There are guidebooks in both English and Welsh. Orson is already 70, but he’s always been enthusiastic about the growth of the next generation. He believes that by letting kids choose what they love, they’ll grow into passionate gardeners. Many kids even share their progress with classmates, making gardening a social activity. To attract more families, Seedlings for Tomorrow visits local primary schools and community centers. Orson also hopes to build small green stations around town where people can exchange seeds and gardening tips. The project has received $20,000 from the UK-based Ecology Fund. The fund manager Elara Vane said, “Such programs are essential— they teach patience, responsibility and love for the environment, which helps kids both in and out of school,” adding that parents have noticed their children becoming more confident since joining the project. 1. What can a kid do by joining Garden Buddy project? A. Volunteer at the city’s greenhouse. B. Acquire gardening knowledge online. C. Sell garden plants to the adult guide. D. Receive free three plants every week. 2. What philosophy does Orson’s project demonstrate? A. Hard work is the mother of success. B. Guide others, and you will learn twice. C. Teach a man to fish, not give him a fish. D. Creative activities involve being confident. 3. How does the author highlight the project’s value in the last paragraph? A. By quoting an official. B. By giving examples. C. By providing statistics. D. By making a comparison. 4. Which word best describes Orson? A. Adventurous. B. Determined. C. Caring. D. Flexible. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在黑泽尔伍德镇(Hazelwood), Seedlings for Tomorrow组织为每个孩子免费提供三株植物，让他们在自己的花园中种植。孩子们通过加入Garden Buddy项目，与成年导师配对，每周学习园艺和自然知识。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“This project pairs each young gardener with an adult guide. They have a 45-minute virtual meeting each week to learn about gardening and nature.(该项目为每位年轻园丁配备一位成人导师。每周他们都会进行45分钟的线上交流，以学习园艺和自然知识)”可知，通过加入Garden Buddy项目，孩子们可以学习园艺和自然知识。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段““Some groups think dropping off supplies is helping. But if people don’t know how to use them, it’s like giving them a stone,” he explained. That’s why the program focuses on teaching skills — like how to water plants properly, what seasons are best for planting, and how to protect flowers from insects.(“有些团体认为发放物资是有帮助的。但要是人们不知道如何使用这些物资，那就好比给他们一块石头。”他解释道。这就是为什么这个项目侧重于传授技能——比如如何正确给植物浇水、哪些季节最适合种植、以及如何保护花卉免受昆虫侵害)”可知，Orson认为仅仅提供植物是不够的，更重要的是教会人们如何种植、照顾它们。这与“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”的理念相符合。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The fund manager Elara Vane said, “Such programs are essential— they teach patience, responsibility and love for the environment, which helps kids both in and out of school,” adding that parents have noticed their children becoming more confident since joining the project.(基金经理埃拉拉·瓦恩说：“这类项目非常重要——它们能培养孩子们的耐心、责任感以及对环境的关爱，这对他们在校内外都有所裨益。”她还表示，家长们注意到自从参与该项目后，孩子们变得更加自信了)”可知，作者通过引用Ecology Fund的基金经理Elara Vane的话来强调该项目的价值。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Every kid should feel the joy of growing something with their own hands,” said Orson Pike, the project director.(项目负责人奥森·派克说道：“每个孩子都应该体验亲手种植作物所带来的快乐。”)”以及第三段“Orson is already 70, but he’s always been enthusiastic about the growth of the next generation. He believes that by letting kids choose what they love, they’ll grow into passionate gardeners. Many kids even share their progress with classmates, making gardening a social activity.(奥森已经70岁了，但他一直对下一代的成长充满热情。他认为，只要让孩子们选择自己喜爱的事物，他们就会成长为充满热情的园丁。许多孩子还会向同学分享自己的成长过程，这使得园艺成为了一项社交活动)”可知，Orson创办了非营利组织Seedlings for Tomorrow，并致力于通过该项目教会孩子们园艺技能和对环境的热爱。他相信通过让孩子们选择自己喜欢的植物，他们会成长为热情的园丁。此外，他还希望建立小型绿色站点，让人们可以交换种子和园艺技巧。这些行为都表明Orson是一个关心他人、尤其是关心下一代成长的人。故选C。 10（25-26高二上·辽宁大连·阶段练习）What does it take to bring nature back into the city? For Shanghai high school senior Xiao Tai, the answer lies in a 115-square-meter eco-garden within a residential community in Hongkou District. Over the past eight months, the 17-year-old created a habitat with urban wildlife. Xiao’s passion for nature began when he was a child. He immersed himself in ecological conservation through online videos, scientific databases, and hands-on activities. However, it was an encounter with a community clean-up project two years ago that shifted his focus to urban wildlife. “I noticed how even a small green space can support biodiversity,” he recalled. This inspired him to create a refuge (避难所) for local species. The eco-garden has two sections. The first, a 15-square-meter plot near an internal road, was transformed from an existing greenbelt. Last summer, Xiao obtained permission from the neighborhood committee to experiment there. He planted native nectar plants and built a Benjes hedge (本杰士堆) — a pile of branches that provides shelter for small animals and attracts insects. Because of the success of this first project, the committee allocated (划分)another 100-square-meter area for further development. This area was divided into three ecological zones. One section features artificial water containers for birds and frogs. Another area has a pond to support native species, with monitoring cameras. The third zone is used to restore native plants. In early March, a hedgehog (刺猬) was captured on camera exploring the Benjes hedge. “It can rest safely here without fear of predators (捕食性动物),” shared Xiao. Xiao also put up educational signs and warnings against improper behaviors like picking plants. Every weekend afternoon, he gives guided tours, mainly for local children. Xiao hopes to involve more people in maintaining the garden in the future. “Right now, it’s just me, but others will take over as I get busier as a Senior 3 student,” he said. As he prepares for college, he plans to study ecology and continue his conservation efforts. 1. What made Xiao Tai start to pay attention to urban animals? A. His experience in a community project. B. The neighborhood committee’s permission. C. His childhood passion for nature. D. Online videos and scientific databases. 2. What can we learn about Xiao Tai’s eco-garden? A. It was intended for endangered species. B. Its first section used to be a greenbelt. C. It covers an area of 100 square meters. D. Its two sections were built at the same time. 3. Why is a hedgehog mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To highlight how good a habitat the garden provides. B. To protect the garden from some improper behaviors. C. To remind people to protect the endangered species. D. To attract more local children to visit the eco-garden. 4. What is the suitable title of the passage? A. Conservation of endangered wildlife. B. A teenager’s passion turning into action. C. Joint efforts to build a green community. D. Providing safe habitats for wildlife. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了上海高三学生肖泰（音译）在过去八个月里，在虹口区一个居民小区内打造了一个115平方米的生态花园，为城市野生动物提供栖息地的故事，介绍了花园的建设过程、功能以及他的未来规划。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, it was an encounter with a community clean-up project two years ago that shifted his focus to urban wildlife.(然而，正是两年前参与的一个社区清洁项目，让他将注意力转移到了城市野生动物身上)”可知，是社区项目的经历让肖泰开始关注城市动物。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first, a 15-square-meter plot near an internal road, was transformed from an existing greenbelt.(第一部分是内部道路附近一块15平方米的地块，由现有的绿化带改造而成)”可知，生态花园的第一部分曾经是绿化带。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“In early March, a hedgehog was captured on camera exploring the Benjes hedge. ‘It can rest safely here without fear of predators,’ shared Xiao.(3月初，监控摄像头捕捉到一只刺猬在本杰士堆中活动。肖泰说：“它可以在这里安全休息，不用担心捕食者。”)”可知，提到刺猬是为了凸显这个花园为动物提供了良好的栖息地。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“For Shanghai high school senior Xiao Tai, the answer lies in a 115-square-meter eco-garden within a residential community in Hongkou District. Over the past eight months, the 17-year-old created a habitat with urban wildlife.(对于上海高中生肖泰来说，答案就在虹口区一个115平方米的生态花园里。在过去的8个月里，这个17岁的男孩创造了一个城市野生动物的栖息地)”和第二段中“Xiao’s passion for nature began when he was a child. He immersed himself in ecological conservation through online videos, scientific databases, and hands-on activities.(肖泰从小就对大自然充满热情。他通过网络视频、科学数据库和实践活动沉浸在生态保护中)”可知，文章主要讲述了热爱自然的青少年肖泰将自己对自然的热情转化为实际行动，打造生态花园保护城市野生动物的故事。因此B项“青少年的激情变成了行动。”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。 11（24-25高二下·陕西商洛·期末）When 16-year-old Sarah moved to the small town of Greenfield, she felt like an outsider. Back in the city, her life had been fast-paced and independent, but Greenfield’s quiet streets and tight-knit community left her uneasy. Everything changed when she stumbled upon a flyer for the “Greenfield Garden Project” — a plan to transform an abandoned lot into a community garden. At first, Sarah dismissed the idea. “Why waste time growing vegetables when I can buy them?” she muttered. But her curiosity got the better of her. One Saturday morning, she found herself standing at the edge of the lot, watching a group of volunteers — retirees, parents with young children, and even a few teenagers — digging weeds and laying soil. Among them was Mr. Thompson, a retired teacher who had proposed the project. “Care to join us?” Mr. Thompson asked, handing her a pair of gloves. Reluctantly, Sarah took them. Over the next few weeks, she learned to plant seeds, water sprouts, and build wooden planters. To her surprise, the work felt rewarding. She discovered that Mrs. Lopez, a volunteer, grew peppers to share with the local food bank, while Tim, a shy staff, came to escape his noisy surroundings. As the garden thrived, so did the community. Neighbors who had never spoken before exchanged gardening tips. Children painted colorful signs, and the elderly shared stories under the shade of a newly built pergola. Sarah, once a loner, found herself teaching kids how to care for sunflowers. But challenges arose. A summer drought threatened the crops. The team debated solutions: Some suggested giving up, but Mr. Thompson insisted on finding a viable and sustainable way forward. They installed rainwater barrels (桶) and switched to drought-resistant plants. When the first tomatoes ripened, the garden hosted a harvest festival, drawing crowds from nearby towns. By autumn, Sarah no longer saw the garden as just a plot of land. It had become a symbol of what people could achieve together. 1. Why did Sarah initially hesitate to join the Greenfield Garden Project? A. She feared meeting strangers. B. She disliked outdoor activities. C. She was too busy with schoolwork. D. She thought gardening was a waste of time. 2. What can be inferred about Tim’s reason for joining the project? A. He wanted to earn money. B. He sought a quiet escape. C. He was encouraged by his community. D. He loved growing flowers. 3. What does the underlined word “viable” mean in paragraph 5? A. Expensive. B. Temporary. C. Practical. D. Difficult. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. Teenagers should avoid urban life. B. Gardening improves physical health. C. Droughts can ruin agricultural projects. D. Communities grow stronger through cooperation. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了16岁的萨拉搬到格林菲尔德镇后感到格格不入，于是参与社区花园项目，从中获得成就感，花园凝聚了社区，她也不再孤独，体会到合作的力量。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Why waste time growing vegetables when I can buy them? (既然可以去买蔬菜，干嘛还要浪费时间去种植呢？)”可知，萨拉最初犹豫不决，没有加入格林菲尔德花园项目是因为她认为园艺是浪费时间的行为。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“She discovered that Mrs. Lopez, a volunteer, grew peppers to share with the local food bank, while Tim, a shy staff, came to escape his noisy surroundings. (她发现志愿者洛佩兹夫人种植辣椒是为了捐赠给当地的食品银行，而害羞的员工蒂姆则来这里是为了逃避嘈杂的环境)”可知，蒂姆加入该项目是为了寻求一种宁静的避世方式。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“But challenges arose. A summer drought threatened the crops. (但问题也随之出现。夏季的干旱威胁到了庄稼的生长)”以及后文“They installed rainwater barrels (桶) and switched to drought-resistant plants. When the first tomatoes ripened, the garden hosted a harvest festival, drawing crowds from nearby towns. (他们安装了雨水收集桶，并改种了耐旱作物。当第一批西红柿成熟时，花园举办了一场丰收庆典，吸引了附近城镇的人们前来参观)”可知，他们为解决夏季干旱的问题提出了切实可行的解决方案。故划线词意思是“切实可行的”，与practical“适用的，切实可行的”意思相近。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第五段中“When the first tomatoes ripened, the garden hosted a harvest festival, drawing crowds from nearby towns. By autumn, Sarah no longer saw the garden as just a plot of land. It had become a symbol of what people could achieve together.(当第一批西红柿成熟时，花园举办了一场丰收庆典，吸引了附近城镇的人们前来参观。到了秋天，萨拉不再仅仅将这个花园视为一块土地，而它已经成为了人们共同努力所能取得成果的象征)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要说明了16岁的萨拉搬到格林菲尔德镇后感到格格不入，于是参与社区花园项目，从中获得成就感，花园凝聚了社区，她也不再孤独，体会到合作的力量。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是社区通过合作得以发展壮大。故选D。 12（24-25高二下·山东菏泽·阶段练习）On the last days of July, I moved to a flat in Brixton and joined those with a garden for the first time. Before moving, I lived in a flat surrounded by a small plot of woodland nearby. There were a good six weeks during which the dawn chorus was so loud that waking up at 5 am was a daily routine. Watching the birds became a soap opera I was deeply invested in. In Brixton, though, all I could hear was traffic. Although I knew clearly that cities are not strongholds of naturalism, and that nature is always there waiting for me to find it, it still took me a while to get used to the fact that I had to walk more than five minutes to find a green space. It was for this reason that I turned to gardening. I was not a formally trained gardener; I taught myself on a concrete balcony (阳台), four stories up on a hill in Camberwell in my mid-20s. The only garden I had was in my head, and the space I had when I started my career was used for parties, barbecues and playing with the neighbor’s cat. Filled with blind enthusiasm and curiosity, I picked up plants from supermarkets and flower markets and planted them on my balcony, often killing them out of love and then starting all over again. I often spent whole weekends in that small space. The balcony had a good view: one of London’s shining skylines beneath high skies that changed colour and cloud by the minute. But it was so small that you had to look closely and looking closely is an essential part of enjoying nature, wherever you find it. And to be out on the balcony allowed me to care about things that were bigger than my career, relationship or sense of self. When all three started to waver, it was gardening — and nature more broadly — that enabled me to find a new way of life. 1. Why does the author mention the morning chorus? A. To show that the woods were close to his flat. B. To highlight the activity of birds in the morning. C. To illustrate the joy and routine nature brings. D. To emphasize the loudness of the bird songs. 2. What drove the author to take up gardening? A. The need for a new hobby. B. The lack of green spaces in the new location. C. Formal training at the age of 20. D. Influences of other gardeners. 3. What does the author’s gardening experience show? A. Gardening requires formal education. B. The balcony is ideal for growing plants. C. The author has a natural talent for gardening. D. Small spaces can develop deep connections with nature. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards gardening? A. Enthusiastic. B. Discouraged. C. Skeptical. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从一个被自然环绕的居住环境搬到城市后，如何通过自学园艺在城市中重新找到与自然的联系，并从中获得心灵的慰藉和生活的意义的经历。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“There were a good six weeks during which the dawn chorus was so loud that waking up at 5 am was a daily routine. Watching the birds became a soap opera I was deeply invested in.(在接下来的六个星期里，黎明的合唱如此响亮，以至于每天早上5点起床都是例行公事。观鸟成了我深深投入其中的一出肥皂剧)”可推断，作者从自然的声音和景象中找到了乐趣，并且这种乐趣已经成为他生活的一部分。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“…it still took me a while to get used to the fact that I had to walk more than five minutes to find a green space.(……我还是花了一段时间才适应我必须走五分钟多才能找到一块绿地的事实)”及第四段“It was for this reason that I turned to gardening. I was not a formally trained gardener(正是出于这个原因，我转向了园艺。我不是受过正规训练的园丁)”可知，作者的新住处周围缺乏绿色空间，这促使他做园艺。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“I taught myself on a concrete balcony (阳台), four stories up on a hill in Camberwell in my mid-20s.(20多岁的时候，我在Camberwell一座山上四层楼的混凝土阳台上自学)”及第五段“The balcony had a good view: one of London’s shining skylines beneath high skies that changed colour and cloud by the minute. But it was so small that you had to look closely and looking closely is an essential part of enjoying nature…(从阳台上可以看到伦敦耀眼的天际线，天空每分钟都在改变颜色和云层。但它太小了，你必须近距离观察，而近距离观察是享受大自然的重要组成部分……)”可推断，作者在阳台开辟并享受这片绿地，让他与自然有了很深的连接。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Filled with blind enthusiasm and curiosity, I picked up plants from supermarkets and flower markets and planted them on my balcony, often killing them out of love and then starting all over again.(带着盲目的热情和好奇心，我从超市和花市买了一些植物，把它们种在我的阳台上，常常因为喜欢而把它们弄死，然后再从头开始)”可知，作者在开始园艺时充满了热情和好奇心，即使因为过度呵护而把植物养死，也会重新开始。这表明作者对园艺有着极高的热情。故选A。 $