Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Words and Expressions 清单-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语必修第一册

该高中英语第3单元词汇知识清单系统梳理了24个核心词汇及短语。从基础词汇如fitness、master，到动词短语come along、work out，再到固定搭配set an example、make a difference及语法结构even if/though等，形成从词汇认知到语境应用的递进式学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇释义-搭配拓展-语境例句-一词多义/词形变化”逻辑清晰呈现，每个知识点配有典型例句与应用练习。通过对比辨析（如come短语、give短语）和语境化应用，提升语言能力，培养思维品质，助力学生构建完整词汇网络，高效掌握词汇应用方法。

第3单元 词汇 1 fitness　n．健康；健壮；适合 (1) physical fitness　身体健康 fitness club 健身俱乐部 (2) fit adj.健康的；适合的 v．适合；符合；使胜任；安装 keep/stay fit 保持健康 be fit for 适合；胜任 be fit to do 适合做…… fit…to… 使……与……相符合 (1) It's important to put the fitness program into practice. 实施这项健身计划很重要。 (2) In order to keep/stay fit, you'd better join the fitness club. 为了保持身体健康，你最好参加健身俱乐部。 (3) As far as I'm concerned, he is not fit for the job. 在我看来，他不适合做这项工作。 2 come along　跟随；到达；进步；赶快；(和某人) 一起去 come across　　　偶遇 come about 发生(无被动形式) come up (太阳、月亮) 升起；走近；发生；被提及 when it comes to 当涉及到… (1) When the right opportunity comes along, take it. 好机会出现时，抓住它。 (2) I could schedule for you to come along with us if you like. 如果你愿意的话，我可以安排你和我们一起来。 (3) On the way home, I came across my old friend. 在回家的路上，我遇到了我的老朋友。 (4) A good plan came up at the meeting. 会上提出了一个好计划。 (5) That came about when we went to Lisbon last year.那是我们去年去里斯本的时候发生的事。 (6) When it comes to the Internet, he is always very excited. 一提到互联网，他总是很兴奋。 3 work out　锻炼；计算出；解决；制订出；想出 [一词多义]——写出下列句中work out 的含义 (1) We must work out a good idea to have a cheap holiday. 想出 (2) You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible. 制订出 (3) It's so difficult that we can't work out the math problem. 解决 (4) The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning. 锻炼 (5) We'll have to work out how much food we'll need for the party.算出 work as　　　　　担任……工作 work on/upon 从事；忙于；继续工作 work for 为……而工作 (6) After sending some emails, Jack started working on/upon his project. 发了几封电子邮件后，杰克开始忙于他的项目。 4 make it　获得成功；准时到达；渡过难关 (1) make it to　 (尤指在困难情况下) 准时到达，赶上 (2) get it 明白 as sb puts it 像某人所说的那样 (1) They set sail in the morning and made it to a small town before dark. 他们在早晨起航，天黑前到达了一个小镇。 (2) As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you will make it. 只要你有梦想，不断努力就一定能成功。 (3) As someone puts it, where there is a will, there is a way.像某人所说的那样，有志者，事竟成。 5 master　n．高手；主人　vt.精通；掌握 (1) a master's degree　　　　硕士学位 a master at (doing) sth 在某方面是大师 be your own master 自己做主 (2) master the new skills 掌握新的技能 (1) It is clear that this painting is the work of a master. 这幅画显然出自名家之手。 (2) I find it very hard to master(master) a foreign language. 我发现掌握一门外语很难。 (3) We do believe that we are the master of the future. 我们真的相信未来掌握在我们自己的手中。 6 set an example　树立榜样 set an example to/for sb　给某人树立榜样 follow one's example 效仿某人 take…for/as an example 以……为例 (4) Parents should set a good example for their children. 父母们应该为其子女树立好榜样。 (5) As is known to us, Lei Feng sets a good example to us all. 众所周知，雷锋给我们树立了一个好榜样。 (6) Great changes have taken place in our city. Take traffic for/as an example, many new roads have been built. 我们城市发生了很大的变化。拿交通为例，许多新道路已经被修建。 7 honour　n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 vt.尊敬；给予表扬(或奖励、称号) (1) in honour of 为了纪念，为向某人表示敬意 It's one's honour to do sth 做某事是某人的荣誉 It's an honour (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说) 很荣幸做某事 have the honour of doing/to do sth 有幸做某事 (2) honour sb with sth 使某人感到荣誉；授予某人荣誉 feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸 (1) We celebrate Teachers' Day every year in honour of teachers. 我们每年都庆祝教师节，向老师致敬。 (2) It's not only a great responsibility but also a great honour to hold the Olympic Games. 举办奥运会不仅承担巨大的责任，同时也享有极大的荣誉。 (3) Tu Youyou, 84, was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct.5,2015. 2015年10月5日，84岁的屠呦呦获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 (4) As your friend, I feel honoured (honour) to be invited to your birthday party. 作为你的朋友，我很荣幸能被邀请参加你的生日聚会。 8 determination　n．决心；决定 (1) with determination　　有决心地；顽强地 (2) determine vt.决心；决定 determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定/决心(做) 某事 (3) determined adj.有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态) be determined that… 决定……；坚信…… (1) Only those who have enough courage and determination can overcome the difficulty they meet with. 只有那些有足够勇气和决心的人才能克服他们所遇到的困难。 (2) I have determined on/upon going to the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村去。 (3) I am determined(determine) to make use of my spare time to do exercise. 我决心利用我的业余时间锻炼。 (4) Paul is fond of Chinese culture, so he determines to settle(settle) in China. 保罗喜欢中国文化，所以他决定在中国定居。 9 fall apart　破裂；破碎；崩溃 take apart　　　拆开 tell…apart 把……区别开来 (1) I think this old chair is falling apart. 我觉得这把旧椅子要散架了。 (2) The boy took a computer apart yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again. 昨天那个男孩把一台电脑拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再组装起来。 (3) The twins look so much alike that I can't tell them apart. 这对双胞胎看上去这么像，以至于我无法区分他们。 10 injure　vt.使受伤；损害 (1) injured 　　adj.受伤的；有伤的 the injured 伤员；伤者 (2) injury n．伤害；损伤；伤；伤口 do an injury to sb 伤害某人 (1) Believe it or not, what you said just now injured his pride. 信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了他的自尊心。 (2) The injured(injure) were sent to hospital right away.伤员立即被送往医院。 (3) In the past several years, you have the pressure and pain. I do not want you to get any further injury(injure) ． 在过去的几年里，你已经遭受过压力和痛苦，我不想你再受到任何更多的伤害。 [名师指津] the injured作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 11 lose heart　丧失信心；泄气 lose one's heart to　　倾心于……；爱上…… put one's heart into 专心于…… heart and soul 全心全意 learn…by heart 凭记忆；能背诵 (1) Please don't lose heart; you still have chances. 请不要丧失信心，你还有机会。 (2) Put your heart into your work and you will succeed in time. 专心于工作，总有一天你会成功的。 (3) Since he graduated from college, he has been serving people heart and soul. 自从大学毕业以来，他一直全心全意为人民服务。 (4) You have learned the poem by heart, but it doesn't mean that you have fully understood its meaning. 你能背下来这首诗，但并不意味着你已经完全理解了它的意思。 12 strength　n．力量；体力；强项，优势 (1) build up one's strength　增强体质 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 (2) strengthen vt.& vi.加强；增强 (1) I am fond of English, so English is my strength. 我喜欢英语，因此英语是我的优势学科。 (2) As a teacher, you should know the strengths(strength) and weaknesses of your students. 作为一名老师，你应当了解你的学生的优点和缺点。 (3) (2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) To build up our strength, we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis. 为了强身健体， 我们经常组织各种各样的活动，例如打篮球和乒乓球。 (4) We want to strengthen(strength) our ties with them.我们想加强与他们之间的联系。 13 failure　n．[U]失败；[C]失败的人(或事物) (1) end in failure　以失败而告终 heart failure 心脏衰竭 power failure 停电 (2) fail vi.失败；未能(做到某事) fail to do sth 未能做到某事 fail (in) sth 在某事中失败 succeed vi.成功 success n．成功 (4) As the old saying goes, failure is the mother of success. 俗话说，失败是成功之母。 (5) As a matter of fact, he thought of himself as a failure(fail) ． 事实上，他认为自己是个失败者。 (6) He failed(fail) in the exam, which made his parents very angry. 他考试不及格，这使他的父母很生气。 14 give up　放弃；投降 give in　　屈服；投降；让步(后跟to sb) ；上交 give out 发出(光、热) ；分发；用光；筋疲力尽 give off 放出；发出(光、热、气味等) give away 泄露；赠送 (1) She has decided to give up her job and start her own business. 她决定放弃工作，自己创业。 (2) No matter how they frighten us, we will never give in. 不管他们怎样恐吓我们，我们决不让步。 (3) The couple gave away most of their money to the poor in their small town. 这对夫妻把他们的大部分钱都捐赠给了他们小镇上的穷人。 (4) These wild flowers give off a nice smell. 这些野花散发出一股香味。 15 compete　vi.竞争；对抗；参加比赛 (1) compete in　参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 compete with/against sb (for…) (为……) 同某人竞争 (2) competition n．比赛；竞争 (3) competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 (4) competitor n．竞争者；参赛者 (1) Only by competing with/against each other can we make great progress in our study. 只有相互竞争，我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。 (2) I'm writing to invite you to compete in Chinese paper­cutting art exhibition. 我写信邀请你参加中国剪纸艺术展。 (3) (2020•山东卷) Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements. 博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的业余时间与金钱。 (4) The young competitor(compete) won a gold medal in the match. 那位年轻的参赛者在比赛中赢得了一枚金牌。 (5) No one can entirely keep away from the competitive(compete) world.没有人能完全远离竞争的世界。 16 make sense　有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚(主语常是物) make sense of　　理解；明白(主语常是人) make no sense 无意义；讲不通 sth makes (no) sense to sb 某事为某人所(不) 理解 It makes sense to do sth 做某事是明智的 There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没意义 (1) (2021•1月浙江卷) I hear my son making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more. 我听到儿子在讲友谊及其局限性。这是一个家长能听到更多(心事的) 意想不到的难得机会。 (2) The tall man doesn't talk much, but what he says makes sense. 那个高个子男士话不多，但言之有理。 (3) As far as I'm concerned, there is no sense in getting upset about it now. 就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。 (4) It makes good sense to save(save) money for a rainy day. 存一些钱以备不时之需是很明智的。 (5) There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all. →There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all. (升级加黑词汇) 17 pretend　vi.& vt.假装；装扮 pretend＋to be＋n./adj. 假装是…… (not) to do sth 假装(不) 做某事to be doing sth 假装正在做某事to have done sth 假装已经做了某事that… 假装…… (1) I have to pretend that I'm okay because I don't want to make my parents worry about me. 我不得不装作没事，只是不想让我父母担心我。 (2) The man pretended to be(be) a police officer to cheat others. 男子假扮警官欺骗他人。 (3) When the little boy's mother came in, he pretended to be doing(do) his homework. 当小男孩的母亲进来时，他假装在做作业。 (4) The naughty boy pretended to have finished(finish) his homework and went out to play with his classmates. 那个调皮的男孩假装完成了家庭作业，然后和他的同学一起出去玩了。 18 even if/though“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句 even if＝even though即使，用作连词，引导让步状语从句。 (5) I won't take part in his party even if/though he invites me. 即使他邀请我，我也不去参加他的聚会。 (6) He is willing to help us even if/though he is very busy.尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。 (7) She carries on working even though/if she has a bad cold for several days. 尽管她患重感冒几天了，但她仍继续工作。 19 diet　n．规定饮食；日常饮食　vi.节食 go on a diet　　　　　节食，控制饮食(表动作) be on a diet 在节食(表状态) a balanced/healthy diet 均衡的/健康的饮食 (1) She is on a diet, hoping to become slimmer. 她正在节食，希望变得更苗条些。 (2) During festivals and celebrations, doctors remind people to have a balanced diet. 节日和庆典期间，医生提醒人们均衡饮食。 (3) No sugar in my coffee, please; I'm dieting(diet) ．请别在我的咖啡中加糖，我正在节食。 20 make a difference　有作用或影响 (1) make little/no difference (to sb/sth) 　(对某人/物) 几乎没有/没有作用或影响 make some/much difference (to sb/sth) (对某人/物) 有一些/很大影响 (2) tell the difference 分辨；区分 (1) Luckily my teacher often tells me that every small thing can make a big difference. 幸运的是，老师经常告诉我细节也能起到重要作用。 (2) His friend's words make no difference to him, for he is quite stubborn. 他朋友的话对他不起作用，因为他很固执。 (3) I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will work. →I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will make a difference. (升级加黑词汇) 21 rather than　而不是；与其……倒不如…… (1) would rather do…than do… 　宁愿做……而不愿做…… prefer to do…rather than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… (2) other than 不同于；除了……以外 more than 超过；不仅仅是；非常 (4) I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想我要喝杯冷饮而不是咖啡。 (5) I'd like to go there by train rather than by air. 我宁愿坐火车而不是乘飞机去那儿。 (6) The students, rather than their teacher, are(be) going to have a picnic this weekend. 这个周末学生们要去野餐，而不是他们的老师。 (7) I'm more than glad to receive your letter, asking about what you should pay attention to when visiting a friend.我非常高兴收到你的来信，询问拜访朋友时应该注意什么。 22 cut out　停止做(或使用、食用) ；剪下；切去；删掉 [一词多义]——写出下列句中cut out的含义 (1) I like this article so much that I cut it out of the newspaper. 剪下 (2) He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking. 停止做 (3) His right arm was cut out because of the serious wound. 切去 cut off　　　切断；断绝；剪掉；砍掉；阻碍 cut up 切碎；使伤心 cut down 降低；减少；砍倒 cut in 插嘴；插入；插队 (4) We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cellphone was out of power. 我们在电话里谈到一半，电话就挂断了，因为我的手机没电了。 (5) My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down. 我叔叔还没能戒烟，但是至少他已经在减少(吸烟)了。 23 compare…with/to…　与……比较 compare with　　　与……比较 compare…to 把……比喻为…… compare notes with sb 与某人交换意见 (1) Sure, we have learned not to compare ourselves with others. 当然我们已经学会不要与别人比较。 (2) I'd like to compare notes with my parents on how to make friends. 我想与父母就如何交友交换意见。 (3) Michael's new house is like a huge palace, compared(compare) with his old one. 与他的旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子像一座大宫殿。 (4) Young people are often compared to the rising sun. 年轻人常被比喻为冉冉升起的太阳。 24 stress　n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安　vi.焦虑不安 (1) be under stress 　　　　在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on 强调/重视…… (2) stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 (3) stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的(常修饰物) stressed adj. 焦虑不安的(常修饰人) (1) Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress. 人在压力之下做事容易出差错。 (2) He stressed(stress) that we should pay more attention to our safety in particular. 他强调我们尤其要多注意安全。 (3) It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful(stress) society. 宽和遗忘也是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $