Module4 语法讲练：情态动词的用法 -2024-2025学年外研版英语（2012）九年级下册

该初中英语情态动词复习讲义通过分类梳理构建知识体系，先明确情态动词概念及“词义-功能-搭配”核心要素，再按“基础用法-语境辨析-易错点提示”层级呈现can、must等9个核心词的功能分类，结合教材原句与典型例句形成知识脉络，突出“推测语气强弱”“时态差异”等重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“语境化分层练习”设计，如改错题聚焦“情态动词+动词原形”语法规则夯实语言能力，情景选择通过“请求许可”“推测判断”等真实场景培养思维品质。基础题帮助学生掌握基本用法，辨析题引导高阶学生区分may与might可能性差异，配套答案解析支持自主复习，教师可据此实施精准分层教学。

情态动词 教材原句 And you must be careful of falling stones. 而且你们必须小心滚落的石头。 1. 概念 情态动词本身有词义，表示特定的语气，但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在动词原形前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 2. 常见的情态动词的用法 can ① 可以；能够（表示体力或脑力的能力） ② 可能（表示猜测） ③ 可以（表示请求或允许） could ① 可以；能够（can 的过去式） ② 可能（表示猜测，比 can 可能性小） ③ 可以（表示请求，比 can 委婉） may ① 可以（表示请求或允许） ② 也许；可能（表示猜测） might ① 可以（表示请求或允许，比 may 客气） ② 也许；可能（表示猜测，比 may 可能性小） will ① 将（表示将来） ② 愿（表示意愿、决心） ③ 总是；惯于（表示某事经常发生或总是如此） ④ 请……好吗（表示请求或征求意见，用于主语为第二人称的一般疑问句） would ① 将（will 的过去式） ② 过去常常（表示过去的习惯性动作） ③ 可以（表示请求或征求意见，语气比 will 委婉） shall ① 将（用于第一人称） ② 表示提醒建议（用于第一人称） should ① 应该（表示义务、建议、劝告） ② 应（表示推测） must ① 必须（表示责任、义务） ② 一定（表示猜测） ③ mustn’t 意为"禁止；不准；不允许" 例句 We can speak English now, but we couldn’t two years ago. 我们现在会说英语，但两年前不会。 Could you help me carry the box? 你可以帮我搬这个箱子吗？ May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗？ This hat might belong to Helen. 这顶帽子可能是海伦的。 I’m afraid you will be late. 恐怕你要迟到了。 He said he would come to my birthday party. 他说他会来参加我的生日聚会。 Shall we go to the park tomorrow? 我们明天去公园好吗？ You should help your mum do housework. 你应该帮助你妈妈做家务。 He must obey the school rules. 他必须遵守校规。 People mustn’t feed animals here. 这里禁止人们喂动物。 典例 The magazine______ be Lily’s, because we find her name on the cover. A.may B. might C. could D. must 【解析】句意为：这本杂志一定是莉莉的，因为我们在封皮上找到了她的名字。表示可能性时，在四个选项中 must 表示的可能性最大。由句中提到的"在封皮上找到了她的名字"可知应用 must。 【答案】D 练习题 习题一：情态动词填空 用can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would填空。 1. ________ you speak English? 2. ________ I use your pen? 3. You ________ finish your homework before watching TV. 4. It ________ rain later. Take an umbrella. 5. We ________ go to the park tomorrow. 6. ________ you help me with this heavy box? 7. Students ________ not smoke in school. 8. He said he ________ come to the party. 9. You ________ see a doctor if you feel ill. 10. ________ we start the meeting now? 习题二：单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。 1. —________ I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, of course. A. Must B. Should C. May D. Would 2. You ________ be tired after such a long journey. A. can B. could C. must D. would 3. ________ you please pass me the salt? A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 4. We ________ obey the traffic rules. A. can B. may C. must D. could 5. It ________ be true. I can't believe it! A. mustn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. wouldn't 6. ________ we have a break now? I'm so tired. A. Will B. Would C. Shall D. Should 7. You ________ not play with fire. It's dangerous. A. may B. can C. must D. need 8. He ________ be in the library. I saw him there just now. A. can B. could C. might D. must 9. ________ you like some coffee? A. Could B. Would C. Should D. Must 10. Children ________ not watch this movie. It's for adults only. A. can B. may C. must D. should 习题三：情态动词辨析 选择正确的情态动词完成句子。 1. The light is on. He ________ (must/might) be at home. 2. ________ (Can/May) you swim when you were five? 3. You ________ (should/would) see a doctor if you have a fever. 4. ________ (Shall/Will) I help you with your luggage? 5. It ________ (may/can) snow tomorrow. The temperature is dropping. 6. You ________ (mustn't/needn't) talk loudly in the library. 7. ________ (Would/Could) you mind closing the window? 8. She ________ (can/must) speak three languages fluently. 9. We ________ (will/would) visit our grandparents every weekend when we were children. 10. ________ (May/Should) I have your attention, please? 习题四：改错题 找出下列句子中情态动词使用的错误并改正。 1. You can to finish your work first. 2. Must I clean the room? No, you mustn't. 3. He can speaks English well. 4. Would you liking to join us? 5. She may is right about this. 6. We would go shopping tomorrow. 7. You should not to smoke here. 8. Can he playing the piano? 9. I will can help you later. 10. They must finishes the project today. 习题五：翻译句子 将下列句子翻译成英语。 1. 我可以问你一个问题吗？ 2. 你现在必须回家。 3. 他会说三种语言。 4. 你应该每天锻炼身体。 5. 我们可以明天去游泳吗？ 6. 这不可能是真的。 7. 你愿意和我们一起去吗？ 8. 学生们必须按时交作业。 9. 我可以借你的自行车吗？ 10. 他可能在家。 习题六：情景选择 根据语境选择正确的情态动词。 1. When asking for permission politely: A. can B. may C. must D. will 2. When expressing certainty: A. might B. could C. must D. would 3. When giving strong advice: A. can B. may C. should D. could 4. When making a polite request: A. must B. would C. shall D. may 5. When talking about ability: A. can B. must C. should D. would 6. When expressing prohibition: A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. wouldn't 7. When making an offer: A. would B. shall C. must D. can 8. When expressing possibility: A. must B. should C. might D. will 9. When talking about past ability: A. can B. could C. may D. might 10. When expressing future intention: A. would B. should C. will D. could 答案及解析 习题一：情态动词填空 1. Can (询问能力) 2. May/Could (请求许可) 3. must/should (义务/建议) 4. may/might (可能性) 5. shall/will (将来) 6. Could/Would (礼貌请求) 7. must (禁止) 8. would (过去将来) 9. should (建议) 10. Shall (征求意见) 习题二：单项选择 1. C (May I...? 请求许可的礼貌用语) 2. C (must 表示肯定的推测) 3. A (Could you please...? 礼貌请求) 4. C (must 表示必须) 5. B (can't 表示不可能) 6. C (Shall we...? 征求意见) 7. C (must not 表示禁止) 8. D (must 表示肯定的推测) 9. B (Would you like...? 礼貌邀请) 10. C (must not 表示禁止) 习题三：情态动词辨析 1. must (肯定的推测) 2. Could (过去的能力) 3. should (建议) 4. Shall (提供帮助) 5. may (可能性) 6. mustn't (禁止) 7. Would (Would you mind...? 礼貌请求) 8. can (能力) 9. would (过去的习惯) 10. May (引起注意的礼貌用语) 习题四：改错题 1. to finish → finish (情态动词后接动词原形) 2. mustn't → needn't (Must I...? 否定回答用needn't) 3. speaks → speak (情态动词后接动词原形) 4. liking → like (would like to do) 5. is → be (情态动词后接动词原形) 6. would → will (表示将来用will) 7. to smoke → smoke (情态动词后接动词原形) 8. playing → play (情态动词后接动词原形) 9. will can → will be able to (will后不能接can) 10. finishes → finish (情态动词后接动词原形) 习题五：翻译句子 1. May I ask you a question? 2. You must go home now. 3. He can speak three languages. 4. You should exercise every day. 5. Can we go swimming tomorrow? 6. It can't be true. 7. Would you like to go with us? 8. Students must hand in their homework on time. 9. May I borrow your bike? 10. He might be at home. 习题六：情景选择 1. B (may 表示请求许可最正式) 2. C (must 表示肯定的推测) 3. C (should 表示强烈的建议) 4. B (would 表示礼貌的请求) 5. A (can 表示能力) 6. B (mustn't 表示禁止) 7. B (shall 表示提供帮助) 8. C (might 表示可能性) 9. B (could 表示过去的能力) 10. C (will 表示将来的意图) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $