Unit 4 语法讲练--祈使句的使用 2024-2025学年外研版（2024）英语七年级下册

该初中英语讲义以“功能-特点-形式-答语”为框架系统梳理祈使句知识，通过分点解析（如主语省略、动词原形开头等特点）和例句示范（如“Open the door, please”）呈现语法脉络，明确肯定式、否定式等核心形式及“please”“do”的语气用法。 该讲义亮点在于“梯度化练习设计”，涵盖单选（如“Don't be late”的否定形式）、情景匹配（如“提醒别忘约会”选对应祈使句）等题型，通过判断正误题（纠正“Let's to have”等错误）培养学生语言运用能力和思维品质。基础题巩固规则，补全对话等综合题提升语境应用，助力分层教学，教师可依此精准指导，学生自主复习时也能明确重难点。

第2课时 Grammar Rules 单元语法突破 课时学习目标： 1. 将祈使句的含义及用法； 2. 能够正确使用祈使句。 语法探究：祈使句 一、祈使句的功能 祈使句表达说话人对对方的要求、动作、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。 二、祈使句的特点 1. 祈使句的主语是第二人称，常省略； 2. 以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化； 3. 其否定形式是在动词原形前加don't； 4. 在句首或句尾加上please，可表示委婉的语气。please加在句尾时，要用逗号与前面的句子隔开； 5. 在肯定形式中加do可表示加强语气； 6. 可加称呼语来指明向谁提出请求或发出命令，但要用逗号与句子隔开。 三、祈使句的形式 肯定式：动词原形+其他 否定式：Don't+动词原形+其他 肯定式：Let's+动词原形+其他 否定式：Let's+not+动词原形+其他 强调式：Do+动词原形+其他 说明：肯定式：动词原形+其他。 肯定式：You+动词原形+其他。 强调式：动词原形之前加上Do，Do+动词原形+其他。 Open the door, please. 请打开门。 Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要当心。 Let's go to the park this Sunday.这个星期天咱们去公园吧。 Do come,please. 请一定要来。 Jim,sweep the floor. 吉姆，把地板打扫一下。 Don’t play football on the road!不要在马路上踢足球! Let’s not make so much noise here.咱们不要在这儿大声吵闹。 Never be late for school.上学绝不可以迟到。 四、祈使句的答语 因为祈使句通常表示将来要发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用 will 或 won’t。 —Don’t forget to do your homework.不要忘记做你的家庭作业。 —I won’t.我不会（忘记）的。 【注意】 1. 有时在意思明确的情况下，祈使句中的动词也可以省略。 This way,please. 请这边走。 2. 某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号，也可以看作祈使句。 Hands up!请举手！ Help!救命！ 3. 由 No 开头的祈使句用来表示禁止，常用于标志牌中。 No smoking!禁止吸烟！ No parking! 禁止停车！ 练习题 一、单项选择：从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。 1. __________ late for school again. A. Don't B. Not be C. Don't be D. Be not 2. __________ careful when you cross the street. A. Do B. Do be C. Be D. To be 3. Let's __________ football after school. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 4. __________ forget to bring your umbrella. It's raining. A. Doesn't B. Don't C. Not D. No 5. __________ talk so loudly in the library. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't D. No 6. __________ me your homework tomorrow. A. You bring B. Bring C. To bring D. Bringing 7. __________ to see you again. A. Do look forward B. Look forward C. Looking forward D. To look forward 8. Let's __________ here. It's too noisy. A. not stay B. not to stay C. don't stay D. to not stay 9. __________ the window. It's cold outside. A. No close B. Not close C. Don't close D. Close not 10. __________ quiet, children! A. Keeping B. To keep C. Keep D. Kept 二、句式转换：根据要求改写句子，每空一词。 1. You must be careful with your pronunciation. (改为祈使句) __________ __________ with your pronunciation. 2. You should not play with fire. (改为祈使句) __________ __________ with fire. 3. Will you please open the door? (改为祈使句) __________ the door, __________. 4. We should water the flowers every day. (改为以Let's开头的祈使句) __________ __________ the flowers every day. 5. You must not forget to call me. (改为祈使句) __________ __________ to call me. 6. You need to finish your homework first. (改为祈使句) __________ your homework first. 7. It is important to read the instructions. (改为强调式祈使句) __________ __________ the instructions. 8. Would you like to go swimming with us? (改为以Let's开头的祈使句) __________ __________ swimming. 9. You must not be nervous. (改为祈使句) __________ __________ nervous. 10. You have to clean your room. (改为祈使句) __________ your room. 三、判断正误：下列祈使句正确的写T，错误的写F，并改正。 1. Not be silly. __________ 2. Let's to have a rest. __________ 3. Don't talking in class. __________ 4. You listen to me carefully. __________ 5. No smoke here. __________ 6. Do tells me the truth. __________ 7. Please helping me with this box. __________ 8. Let's don't go out tonight. __________ 9. Never give up! __________ 10. Not to open the window. __________ 四、情景匹配：为下列情景选择恰当的祈使句。 ( ) 1. 你想让朋友帮你拿书。 ( ) 2. 提醒别人不要忘记约会。 ( ) 3. 建议大家一起唱歌。 ( ) 4. 警告别人不要触摸热的东西。 ( ) 5. 请求对方保持安静。 ( ) 6. 鼓励对方一定要尝试。 ( ) 7. 建议不要在这里拍照。 ( ) 8. 要求对方一定要来参加派对。 ( ) 9. 告诉别人不要在此停车。 ( )10. 请求对方递一下盐。 A. Let's not take photos here. B. Don't touch the hot thing! C. Please keep quiet. D. Do come to the party! E. Pass me the salt, please. F. Don't forget our appointment. G. No parking! H. Let's sing a song. I. Do try it! J. Help me carry these books. 五、完成句子：根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 1. 请把这本书给李老师。 __________ this book __________ Mr. Li, please. 2. 别在阳光下看书。 __________ __________ in the sun. 3. 一定要准时。 __________ __________ on time. 4. 我们别等他了。 __________ __________ __________ for him. 5. 禁止游泳！ __________ __________! 6. 请坐。 __________ __________, please. 7. 别为我担心。 __________ __________ __________ me. 8. 一定要小心。 __________ __________. 9. 我们回家吧。 __________ __________ home. 10. 别吵！ __________ __________ so noisy! 六、补全对话：用恰当的祈使句完成对话。 A: 1. __________ (看)! The bus is coming. B: Oh, yes. 2. __________ (我们上车吧). A: 3. __________ (别推). Let people get off first. B: OK. 4. __________ (一定要有耐心). A: Now, 5. __________ (我们上车吧). B: 6. __________ (别忘记你的包). A: Thank you. 7. __________ (请坐在这里). B: 8. __________ (别在车上吃东西). It's not good. A: All right. 9. __________ (看) the scenery outside. It's beautiful. B: Yes. 10. __________ (一定要享受这趟旅程). 参考答案及解析 一、单项选择 1. C (祈使句的否定形式：Don't + 动词原形) 2. C (祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，be careful是固定搭配) 3. A (Let's 后接动词原形) 4. B (祈使句的否定形式：Don't + 动词原形) 5. B (祈使句的否定形式：Don't + 动词原形) 6. B (祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头) 7. B (Look forward to是固定搭配，祈使句用动词原形) 8. A (Let's 的否定形式：Let's not + 动词原形) 9. C (祈使句的否定形式：Don't + 动词原形) 10. C (祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头) 二、句式转换 1. Be careful 2. Don't play 3. Open, please 4. Let's water 5. Don't forget 6. Finish 7. Do read (强调式) 8. Let's go 9. Don't be 10. Clean 三、判断正误 1. F (Not be → Don't be) 2. F (to have → have) 3. F (talking → talk) 4. F (删除You) 5. F (smoke → smoking) [No + V-ing 表示禁止] 6. F (tells → tell) 7. F (helping → help) 8. F (don't go → not go) 9. T 10. F (Not to open → Don't open) 四、情景匹配 1. J 2. F 3. H 4. B 5. C 6. I 7. A 8. D 9. G 10. E 五、完成句子 1. Give, to 2. Don't read 3. Be punctual / Do be (强调) 4. Let's not wait 5. No swimming 6. Sit down / Have a seat 7. Don't worry about 8. Be careful / Do be (强调) 9. Let's go 10. Don't be 六、补全对话 (答案可略有不同，符合语境即可) 1. Look 2. Let's get on 3. Don't push 4. Do be patient / Be patient 5. let's get on the bus 6. Don't forget your bag 7. Sit here, please 8. Don't eat on the bus 9. Look at 10. Do enjoy the trip 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $