内容正文:
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
Words and Expressions
高
一
英
语
必 修 一
1
Part 1 拓展词汇
1._________ n. 健康,健壮,适合→________ adj. 健康的,适合的
2.______ v. 主持,主办;n. 主人,主持人→________ n. 女主持人
3. ________ n. 荣誉,尊敬,荣幸→____________ adj. 可敬的,值得钦佩的
4. n. 决心,决定→ v. 决定,确定→
adj. 坚决的,坚定地
5._________ v. 使受伤,损害→_________ adj. 受伤的,有伤的→________
n. 伤害,损害
词性转换
fitness
host
fit
hostess
injured
determined
determine
determination
honourable
honour
injury
injure
3
6._________ n. 力量,体力→ v. 加强,巩固→_________adj.
强壮的,坚固的
7._________ n. 失败,失败的人(或事物)→_______ v. 失败,不及格
8._________ v. 竞争,对抗→ n. 竞争者,参赛者→
n. 竞赛,竞争→ adj. 竞争的,有竞争力的
9._________ n. 压力,紧张,重音;v. 强调,重读,使焦虑不安→
_________ adj. 压力重的→_________ adj. 焦虑不安的,重读的
10. n. 运动员;运动健儿→ adj. 健壮的;体育运动的
词性转换
strength
strong
failure
stressed
stressful
stress
competitive
competition
competitor
compete
fail
strengthen
athlete
athletic
4
Part 2 重点词汇讲解
fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康; 健壮;适合
Sports and Fitness 运动与健康
physical and mental fitness 身心健康
a fitness center 健身中心
【同根词】
fit v. ①合适 ②胜任 ③安装
fit in/with 适应;融合
adj. ①适合的;合格的;能胜任的
②健康的;强健的
be fit to do sth. 适合做某事
be fit for ... 适合某人
keep fit 保持健康
【反义词】
unfit adj.不适合的;不健康的
6
event /ɪˈvent/ n. 比赛项目;大事;公开活动
eventual adj.最终的,结果的
eventually adv. 最终,终于
current events (时事)
The school sports meeting is the biggest event of the autumn term.
校运动会是秋季学期最大的盛事。
The 100-meter dash is always the most exciting event at a track meet.
百米短跑总是田径运动会上最令人兴奋的比赛项目。
After trying many different study methods, she eventually found one that worked for her.
在尝试了许多不同的学习方法后,她终于找到了适合自己的那种。
【辨析】
event n. 重大事情
accident n. 意外,不幸
matter n. 问题,事情
incident n. 小事情
一词多义
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Leaving home was a major event in his life.
2. The meeting was an important social event. ________
3. This year’s Olympic Games was the biggest sporting event.
________
4. The 800 metres is the fourth event of the afternoon. _________
大事
体育赛事
社会活动
比赛项目
【come 相关短语拓展】
come (came, come) vi.
come about (尤指未经计划地)发生;产生
come across ①偶然遇到;碰见(meet) ②被理解
come around / round ①拜访;探访(=come over) ②发生;降临 ③改变观点
come by 顺路看望;获得(稀有或很难得到的事物)
come down 下来;下降;倒塌
come down to... 归结为;传到...手里
come from... 出生于;来自;产自
come on 快点;进展;算了吧【口语】;加油
come out ①出来 ②出版;发行;面市 ③显现;结果是; 冲洗出(照片)
come over 来访;拜访(=come around)
come up ①上来;上升; (植物) 发芽 ②走近;靠近 ③被提出;被提及 ④即将发生
come up with... 想出;提出;提供
when it comes to (doing) sth. 在某方面;说到(做)某事
1.When I ______________ a good article in the newspaper, I often want to cut and keep it.
2.The famous writer’s new book My New Life will ________________ next month.
3.I hope that you can ____________ a better idea than this.
come across
come out
come up with
4.I __________ an old friend in the street yesterday.
5.He said his new book would ___________ next month.
came across
come out
host /həʊst/ vt. 主办;主持. n. 主人;东道主;节目主持人
host a meeting/conference (主办会议)
host a TV show (主持一档电视节目)
n. hostess 女主人;女主持人:
Our school will be the host for the inter-school debate competition this year.
我们学校将是今年校际辩论赛的主办方。
As the host of the birthday party, I need to welcome all the guests.
作为生日派对的主人,我需要欢迎所有客人。
Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.
张家口,中国北方一座美丽的城市,将于 12 月举办青少年滑雪比赛。
track /træk/ n.[c]
①[复数]足迹;轨迹;车辙(人、动物、车辆等经过后留下的“痕迹”)
②(尤指被踩出的)小路;小径(被踩出的“痕迹”)
③(铁路)轨道;滑轨(火车经过后留下的"痕迹”)
④跑道;径赛运动(运动员运动的“痕迹”)
a track meet 田径运动会
track and field 田径
keep track of... 了解...的动态;与...保持联系
lose track of... 不了解...的动态;与...失去联系
vt.& vi. 跟踪; 追踪 track down 追查
The hunter tracked this wolf and killed it.
猎人跟踪这只狼,并杀死了它。
( ) (1) He followed the tracks made by the horse in the forest.
( ) (2) The thief tracked Anna to her home.
请给下列句中画线词选择一个恰当的汉语意思。
A. n. 跑道 B. n. 足迹 C. n. 铁路轨道
D. 小道;小路 E. vt. & vi. 追踪;跟踪
B
他跟着马在森林里留下的足迹走。
E
小偷跟随安娜到她家。
( ) (3) The railway track was damaged by the flood.
( ) (4) He performed well on a running track.
( ) (5) The track is the only way leading to the farm.
C
铁轨被洪水破坏了。
A
他在跑道上表现很好。
D
这条小路是通往农场的唯一道路。
一词多义
sweat /swet/vt. 使出汗;出汗弄湿. vi. 出汗;流汗.n. 汗水;出汗
(sweat,/sweated-----sweat,/sweated)
adj. sweaty 汗湿的;多汗的;吃力的
adj. sweating 出汗的
a sweating glass (表面凝结水珠的杯子)
After playing basketball for an hour, his T-shirt was wet with sweat.
打了一个小时的篮球后,他的T恤被汗水浸湿了。
We were sweating after running 1000 meters in the P.E. class.
体育课上跑完1000米后,我们都在流汗。
work out 锻炼;计算出;解决
①算出(=calculate); 总共达(“做出”计算)
②解决(=solve); 把...弄清楚(“做出”问题)
③制定(出)(“做出”计划)
④产生结果; 被证明有效(“做出”效果)
⑤锻炼; 训练(“做出”运动)
e.g. I work out at a gym twice a week.
我一周去健身房锻炼两次。
【拓展】
work v. ①vi. &vt. (使)工作 (使)运行 ②vi. 起作用;有效;行得通
n. ①[U]工作;劳动 ②[U]工作成果;产品 ③[C]著作;作品 ④[用复数]工厂;工程at work 在工作;在运转
out of work 失业(=unemployed)
一词多义
1.The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.
2.Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem.
3.The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.
4.Everything worked out well .
5.Can you work out what these words mean?
6. We need to work out a plan for the school trip.
锻炼
解决=solve=deal with=fix
计算出
进展顺利
弄清楚
制定
master [ˈmɑːstə(r)] n.高手;主人;大师 vt. 精通;掌握
翻译
❶ It is clear that this painting is the work of a master.________
❷ I find it very hard to master a foreign language.____________
n.大师
vt.精通;掌握
make it 获得成功;准时到达;及时赶上;渡过难关
[合作探究] 体会make it的用法和意义
①We just made it to the sports meeting.
②I hope you will make it someday. I’m sure you will become a successful football player.
③Frank was very ill, and the doctors didn’t think he’d make it.
及时赶上
获得成功
渡过难关
把时间定在...(it指时间)
make相关短语拓展
make vt. (made, made) ①做;制造;使产生 ②制定;写 ③挣得 ④使;使得 ⑤成为;变成 n. [C]品牌;型号
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事【被动式be made to do sth被迫做某事】
make sth. done 使某事被做
make sb. + adj. / prep. / n. 使某人...(怎样)
be made from... 由...制造(从制成品中看不出原料)
be made of... 由...制造(从成品中能看出原料)
make ... into... 把...变成... (=turn ... into)
make out ①勉强看见;听出 ②理解;弄清 ③写出;开列 ④装作;假装
make up ①编造 ②组成 ③化妆 ④和解
make up for... 弥补...
make one's way (to...) 去...,前往...
make the most use of... 充分利用...
用含有make的短语完成句子。
① I’m really sorry that I can’t ________ on Sunday because of
the exam.
② Now you should your lost time.
④ I heard the voice, but I couldn’t what they
were saying.
make it
make up for
make out
legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传奇故事(或人物);传说
a living legend (活着的传奇,当代巨匠)
a legend in/of... (在...领域的传奇)
adj. legendary 传奇的;著名的
According to legend, there was a dragon in this mountain.
据传说,这座山里曾有一条龙。
Yao Ming is a legend in the world of basketball.
姚明是篮球界的一个传奇人物。
Our headteacher is famous for his legendary strictness.
我们的校长以其出了名的严格而闻名。
athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员;运动健儿
adj. athletic 运动的;运动员的;健壮的
n.athletics (通常作不可数名词) 田径运动;体育运动 (总称)
Many professional athletes start their training at a very young age.
许多职业运动员在很小的时候就开始训练了。
He has a more athletic figure than me because he exercises every day.
他的体形比我健壮,因为他每天都锻炼。
master / ˈmɑ:stə(r)/
n. [C]①(尤指男)主人; (尤指男)雇主 ②能手;大师 ③硕士
a master at (doing) sth (做)某事的能手
a master's degree 硕士学位
a doctor’s degree 博士学位
The dog was running behind its master.
狗跟在它主人后面跑着。
vt. 精通;掌握;控制住 (强烈的情绪)
I want to travel all over the world, so I need to master English first.
我想周游世界,因此,首先我得精通英语才行。
set an example for sb. 树立榜样
As the class monitor, you should set a good example for your classmates.
作为班长,你应该为同学们树立一个好榜样。
take ... for example
"以...为例"
Take our monitor for example, he always helps others.
以我们班长为例,他总是帮助别人。
honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸
a sense of honour (荣誉感)
honour one's parents (尊敬父母)
be honoured with an award (获得奖项的荣誉)
in honour of sb./sth. (为向...表示敬意;为纪念...)
It's an honour to do sth. (做某事很荣幸)
It is a great honour to... (...是莫大的荣幸)
荣誉----不可数
荣誉称号----可数
It is a great honour to represent our school in the national competition.
The concert was held in honour of the retiring principal.
这场音乐会是为纪念退休的校长而举行的。
能代表学校参加全国比赛是莫大的荣誉。
As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.(p38)
作为运动员,郎平为祖国赢得了荣誉与荣光。
in
an
to be given
It is a great honour for me to have the precious opportunity
medal /ˈmedl/ n. 奖章;勋章
She won a gold medal at the Olympic Games.
她在奥运会上赢得了一枚金牌。
Olympic medal: 奥运会奖牌 (gold/silver/bronze medal 金/银/铜牌)
Military medal: 军功章,勋章
The soldier was awarded a medal for his bravery.
那名士兵因表现勇敢而被授予一枚勋章。
As a coach, she led the China women's volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics.(p38)
作为教练,她带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥运会上斩获奖牌。
determination /dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn/ n. [U]决定;决心;果断
the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心
【同根词】
determine v. [正式用语]vt. &vi. [正式用语]决定;决心
determine to do sth. 决心做某事
determine on sth. 决定某事
determined adj. 坚决的;有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
with determination
A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
无论工作有多困难,一个有决心的人总是会设法完成它。
坚决地;坚定地
She was a brave and ___________ (determine) girl with rich imagination. (2018·天津卷)
It is up to you _____________(determine) where we will go for our holiday. (be up to sb to do由···决定)
Everyone concerned acted with great courage and _____________(determine).
to complete the job on time, they set
out to work immediately.
determined
to determine
determination
Determined
apart / əˈpɑ:t / adv.分离;分开;成碎片
They're living apart now.
他们现在不住在一起。
adv. ①相隔地;相距地(时间、距离“分离”) ②分开地(人与人“分离”) ③零散地;成碎片地(物体“分离”)
tell A apart B 区分A和B
apart from... ①除...外(别无);若不=except ②除,外(尚有)=besides
fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃
The house is so old and it's falling apart.
那座房子太破旧,都开始坍塌了。
1. When she ________, her daughter took over the business from her.
2. A book ______________ from the shelf.
3. When I first saw the girl, I ______________________her.
4. When some students , others would come and offer help.
5. It’s very easy to __________ the habit of smoking, but extremely difficult to quit.
ell in love with
fell ill
fell down/off
fell behind
fall into
injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤;损害
injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ adj. 受伤的;有伤的
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害;损伤
be seriously / severely / critically injured 受重伤
be slightly / mildly injured 受轻伤
同义词:
hurt: 含义最广,可指身体或情感上的伤害,语气较 informal。
wound: 通常指由武器(如刀、枪)造成的开放性损伤,或情感上的深刻伤害。
harm:强调带来痛苦、损失或不幸,可用于人、物或环境。
damage:多用于指对物体或财产造成损害,使其价值或功能降低。
wound 指外伤,如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤,尤指在战斗中受伤。
injure “损害;受伤”,指由于意外或事故而受伤,着重指容貌、机能的损坏
hurt “疼痛;痛苦;伤心”,指肉体上,也可指精神上的伤害。
harm 肉体上,也可指精神上的伤害,可能会带来不便。
词义辨析
(1)He ____________(injure) when he was cycling along the valley.
(2)The injured ___________(send) to hospital shortly after the accident.
(3)In the past several years, you have had the pressure and pain, I do not want you to get any further ____________ (injure).
(4) The athlete was (injure)in the game,so he had to quit the game.
was injured
were sent
injury
injured
lose heart 丧失信心;泄气
Although he failed the physics exam twice, he didn't lose heart and kept studying hard.
虽然他物理考试两次不及格,但他并没有灰心,而是继续努力学习。
Losing two important players wasa big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart.(p38)
失去两名重要球员是一个巨大的挑战,但郎平并未灰心。
lose one's heart to sb./sth. 爱上,喜欢上
He lost his heart to the beautiful landscape of Guilin.
他爱上了桂林美丽的风景。
graceful /ˈɡreɪsfl/ adj. 优美的;优雅的
n. grace
1. 优雅,风度 (不可数):She moves with grace. (她仪态优雅。)
2. 恩惠;宽限期 (可数/不可数)by the grace of God (承蒙天恩)
• adv. gracefully
◦ 优雅地;得体地:She accepted the criticism gracefully. (她很有风度地接受了批评。)
• adj. gracious
◦ 和善的,仁慈的;雍容华贵的 (强调人的友善与礼貌,或环境的豪华舒适):a gracious hostess (一位和蔼的女主人), gracious living (优裕的生活)
同义词:elegant
with +n.做状语
with anxiety=anxiously
with confidence =confidently
with curious =curiously
The dancer's graceful movements impressed everyone in the audience.
那位舞者优美的动作给所有观众留下了深刻印象。
We are thankful for our teacher's gracious help.
我们非常感谢老师仁慈的帮助。
Grace(格蕾丝,一位优雅的女神)
The swan(天鹅) swam ________ (grace) across the lake.
Everyone admired the ________ (grace) of the ballet performance.
She is a ________ (grace) old lady who is loved by all her neighbors.
gracefully
grace
gracious
Sleep helps us (strong) new memories.
strengthen
strength /streŋθ/
n.力量;体力
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
build up one’s strength 增强体质
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气/意志力
strong adj.强壮的;坚强的
strengthen vt. 加强;加固
(1) Why not do a lot of physical exercise to ______________________ (增强体质)?
(2) You’d better learn about your own _______________________(优缺点).
(3) The university hopes to ____________ (strength) its ties with the local community.
build up your strength
strengths and weaknesses
strengthen
weak adj. 虚弱的;无力的
weaken v. (使) 衰弱;减弱
weakness n. 虚弱;弱点,不足
动词后缀:-en
形容词/名词 + -en = 动词,“使变得…”、“使…化”。
wide (adj. 宽的) → widen (v. 加宽,拓宽)
weak (adj. 虚弱的) → weaken (v. 削弱,使变弱)
short (adj. 短的) → shorten (v. 缩短)
less(adj. 较少的) → lessen (v. 减少)
动词前缀:en-
en- + 名词/形容词 = 动词 (使...;赋予...)
courage (n. 勇气) → encourage (v. 鼓励)
sure (adj. 确定的) → ensure (v. 确保,保证)
able (adj. 有能力的) → enable (v. 使能够)
power (n. 力量) → empower (v. 授权;使能够)
1.The boy looks ________, but he has no __________ to lift the heavy box.(strength)
2.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles , avoid hills and get good running shoes.
3.了解自己的优缺点很重要。
It's important to know your own_________________________.
4.为了增强体质,他练习举重。
He does weight training in order to build _____ his strength.
5.We had better __________ (strong) the relationship between them.
strengthen
strength
strengths and weaknesses
up
strong
strengthen
练习巩固
give up
放弃;投降
failure /ˈfeɪljə(r) /
n.失败;失败的人(或事物)
fail vi.失败;不及格
fail to do sth 做某事失败
success n.成功;成功的人(或事物)
successful adj.成功的
succeed v.成功
翻译:失败是成功之母。
Failure is the mother of success.
“give”相关短语:
give in 屈服;让步(后跟to sb)
give out 分发;用光:筋疲力尽
give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
give away 泄露;赠送
give back 归还
She has decided to her job and start her own business.
My brother is a determined boy and never to difficulties.
The wild flowers a nice smell.
The couple most of their fortune to the poor in their small town.
give up
gives in
give off
give away
He never loses heart even after ________ (fail) many times.
The ________ (fail) of the computer system caused a lot of problems.
She felt very disappointed about her ________ (fail) performance in the play.
failing
failure
failed
compete /kəmˈpi:t/
vi.竞争;对抗
compete for sth 为...而比赛/竞争
compete with /against sb 与某人比赛/竞争
compete in sth 参加...比赛
competitive adj. 有竞争力的competition n. 竞赛
competitor n. 比赛者
(1) Only by competing _____________ each other can we make great progress in our study.
(2) All the excited ______________ (compete) are ___________ (compete) for the honor of winning the gold medal in the _____________ (compete).
with/against
competitors
competing
competition
make sense 有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
sense vt.感觉到;察觉到; n.感觉;感受;意识
make no sense 没有意义
make sense of... 弄懂...的意思;理解
a sense of responsibility 责任感
common sense 常识
There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没道理/意义
As far as I’m concerned, ______________ in getting upset about it now.就我而言,现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。
There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly ______________ them at all.
这篇文章里有这么多生词,我几乎看不懂。
This sentence ____________________.
这个句子不通。
It ____________ to buy the most up-to-date version.
买最新的版本是明智的。
there is no sense
make sense of
doesn’t make sense
makes sense
stress /stres/
n. 压力;紧张;重音
vt. 强调;
relieve/reduce stress 缓解压力
under stress 处于压力下,有压力
stress the importance of 强调...的重要性
stressful adj. 充满压力的;紧张的
stressed adj. 感到压力的
语法填空
(1) After a __________ (stress) week of examination, all the students were very ____________ (stress) and tired, so they often get angry _______ stress.
(3) In his lecture, we ___________________________ (强调……的重要性) idiomatic usage in a language.
stressful
under
stressed
stressed the importance of
pretend /prɪˈtend/
vi.& vt.假装;装扮
当他妈妈进来时,他假装正在做作业。
When his mother came in, he pretended to be doing his homework.
我假装开心。 I pretend to be happy.
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装做已经做了某事
pretend to be+ n./adj. 假装是...
pretend + that从句
练习巩固
The man pretended ________ a police officer to cheat others.
When his mother came in, he pretended ____________ (do) his homework.
Mary pretended _____________ (finish) her homework and went out to play with her classmates.
to be
to be doing
to have finished
cheat / tʃi:t /
vi.作弊;舞弊(尤指在竞赛、游戏或考试中)
You should never cheat.
vt. 欺骗;蒙骗
He cheated the old lady of her money.
n. 欺骗手段;骗子
He looks honest, but actually he is a cheat.
get cheated 被骗
cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗取某人某物
cheat sb. into (doing) sth. 哄骗/欺骗某人(做)某事
=trick / deceive / fool sb into doing sth.
(1) __________ (cheat) of a lot of money, the old man was very sad.
(2) It is wrong __________ (cheat) in the exam.
(3) Many ________ (cheat) were arrested (逮捕) and put in prison.
Cheated
to cheat
cheats
make a difference
有作用或影响
make a (big/great) difference to sb./sth. 对某人/物有影响
make no difference 无影响;无关紧要
tell the difference (between...and...)
辨别/区分(……与……)
difference n.差异 different adj.不同的
similarity n. 相似性 similar adj.相似的
Your words ___________________ to him, for he is quite stubborn.你的话对他不起作用,因为他很固执。
The rain didn’t _____________________ to the game.
这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
There is no doubt that every small thing can make big difference.毫无疑问,每件小事都能产生巨大的影响。
make no difference
make much difference
a
cut...out
停止做(或使用、食用);剪下;删除
cut across 穿过某地(尤指抄近路)
cut in 插嘴
cut off 中止;切掉;使隔绝
cut up 切碎;使某人伤心
cut down 砍倒;削减;删减;缩小尺寸、数量等
[练通]——写出下列句中cut out的含义
You should cut out the unimportant details. ________
He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking. ________
Cut out the article and show it to your manager. _____________
删掉
停止做
剪下
This article is too long,and you have to cut it
__________ to 1, 000 words.
2. When Jason failed to pay his bill, the network company
cut ______ his Internet connection.
3. It is bad manners for you to always cut _____ when other
people are talking.
4. Cut ______ your stupid joke!Nobody wants to hear that.
down
off
in
out
compare … with…
与…比较
[1] compare A with/to B
[2] compare A to B
[3] comparison
by comparison
in/by comparison with…
把A和B相比较
相比之下
把A比作B
n. 比较
与……相比
Sure, we have learned not to ______________
____________ others.
我们已经知道不要与别人比较。
Young people are often _______________ the rising sun.
年轻人常被比喻为冉冉升起的太阳。
Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ____________ (compare) with his old one.
When _____________ (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
compare ourselves
with
compared to
compared
compared
stress /stres/
n. ①压力;紧张 ②强调;重要性(=emphasis) ③重音
relieve / reduce stress 缓解压力
under stress 处于压力下,有压力
lay stress on / upon sth. 强调;着重于
vt. 强调(=emphasize); 着重;重读
【同根词】
stressed adj. [不用于名词前]焦虑的;无法放松的
be stressed out 筋疲力竭
stressful adj.充满压力的;紧张的
57
1. The poor boy stole some bread the stress of hunger.
2. Some schools lay/place/put a lot of stress foreign language
education.
3. Premier Li stressed the importance understanding between
nations.
4. You should pay attention to the (stress) when you
read English words.
5. I felt (stress) when I take up some (stress) work.
under
on
of
stresses
stressed
stressful
Thank you!
Words and Expressions
高
一
英
语
必 修 一
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