专题01 名词数词（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题01 名词数词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：名词单复数（重点） 3 考点二：抽象名词具体化（重点） 4 考点三：名词所有格（重点） 5 考点四：数词 5 实战精练与提升 7 一、考试要求 名词和数词是高考英语语法填空、完形填空的必考重点。近五年江苏省春季高考中，名词考查频率较高，主要涉及名词单复数变化、抽象名词具体化、所有格用法及词性转换；数词则侧重基数词与序数词的转换、倍数表达、年代与年龄表示法等。高考命题趋势强调语境化应用，结合社会生活实际，如科技、文化、环境等话题，突出语法知识的综合运用能力。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 名词​ 5年3考 词形转换和名词的单复数 预测2026年在语法填空中强调名词语境化应用 数词 5年4考 序数词前冠词的使用、倍数表达、约数 预测2026年在语法填空中强调数词的逻辑推理 知识点1、名词分类详解 ①个体名词 规则变化：book → books, box → boxes 不规则变化： child → children phenomenon → phenomena criterion → criteria ②物质名词特殊用法 不可数但可量化：a piece of advice, two cups of water 具体化用法：a coffee（一杯咖啡）, a glass（一个玻璃杯） ③抽象名词具体化三大规律 1. 与a/an连用表示一种：a pleasure（一件乐事） 2. 与a/an连用表示一次：a success（一次成功） 3. 复数形式表示多类：fruits（各种水果） 知识点2、名词所有格 常考词转化 ①’s所有格使用场景： 有生命名词：Tom’s bike 时间名词：today’s newspaper 国家/城市：China’s development ②of所有格适用情况： 无生命名词：the door of the room 较长修饰语：the contribution of the scientist who won the Nobel Prize ③双重所有格特殊含义： a friend of my father's（强调父亲朋友众多） that novel of Dickens'（含赞赏/批评意味） 知识点3、数词 基数词核心考点​ 单位换算：ten thousand（一万）, a hundred thousand（十万） 约数表达：hundreds of（成百上千）, thousands of（成千上万） 数量修饰：several hundred students（几百学生） 序数词使用细则​ 缩写规则：first → 1st, second → 2nd, third → 3rd 冠词选择：the second chapter（特指）但 a second chance（又一） 固定搭配：in the first place（首先） · 考点一：名词单复数 解题策略 1.形态判断法：分析名词词尾特征。 2.语义判断法：根据语境确定单复数。 · 名词单复数考点总结 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men,woman-women,foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police, cattle, staff 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体） 也可以作复数（成员） audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 复数形式表示特别含义 customs（海关）， forces（军队）, times（时代）, spirits（情绪）, drinks（饮料）, sands（沙滩）, papers（文件报纸）, manners（礼貌）, looks（外表）, brains（头脑智力）, greens（青菜）, ruins（废墟）, arms（武器）, works（工厂，工事，作品）, woods（森林） 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks，Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese,Chinese, Japanese 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men，-women Englishmen,Frenchwomen 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law,lookers-on, passers-by,story-tellers, boyfriends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, good-for-nothing（饭桶）， go-betweens（中间人） 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants 例1（2024江苏模拟）The laboratory purchased new ______ (microscope) for the biology experiment. 例2She gave me some ______ (advice) on how to improve my writing. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】There are many ______ (bookshelf) in the library. 【变式训练2·能力提升】The ______ (datum) shows that the climate ______ (change) are accelerating. 【变式训练3·创新应用】As a ______ (journal), he has collected numerous ______ (story) about cultural ______ (difference). · 考点二：抽象名词具体化 · 典型场景归纳 一、情感类名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。多见动作行为类或者情绪情感类词汇。 抽象名词 具体化 success 成功 a success一件成功的事情 failure 失败 a failure一件失败的事情 pleasure 乐意 a pleasure一件乐事 surprise 惊讶 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事情 honour 荣誉 an honour一件引起尊敬的事情 例1（2024新课标I卷）The exhibition turned out to be ______ huge ______ (succeed), attracting over 10,000 visitors. ​ · 考点三：名词所有格 · 常见考点 一、’s所有格 1．以s结尾的人名所有格加’s 或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smith’s house 2.表示各自的所有关系 Japan’s and China’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 3.表示共有的所有关系 Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 4.表示“某人家”、“店铺”，所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 二、of所有格 1. 用于无生命的东西 the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 2.用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时 the classrooms of the first-year students 3.用于名词化的词 the struggle of the oppressed The door of the room is made of wood. The cover of the book has a beautiful picture. The contribution of the scientist who won the Nobel Prize is great. The story of the girl who lived in the small village is very moving. · 考点四：数词 · 常见考点 一、时间和编号的表达法 类别 说明 数量 Hundred,thousand,million,billion等可以用具体的数字修饰，后接可数名词复数，表示确切的数；也可以自身用复数形式再搭配介词of后构成短语，表示不确切的数量 年份 一般用阿拉伯数字写出，两位数的年份直接按基数词读出； 三位数的年份，可按基数词读，也可第一个数字为一个单位，后两个数字为一个单位； 四位数的年份，一般每两个数字为一组以区别于整数，如“1781年”读作seventeen eighty-one 年月日 表示“某年某月某日”时按“月份+日期的序数词+年份”写出。具体到“日”时其前用介词on，具体到“年、月”用in，在日与年之间常用逗号分开，如on April 4;in May 2009;on June 9, 2006 年代、岁数 表示“几十年代”或“几十多岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数，其前用介词in。表示年代，数词前用定冠词the;表示岁数，数词前用形容词性物主代词，如in the nineties;in one’s fifties 几点钟 “在几点”用“介词at+数字”，o’clock可省略，若区分上、下午，可在时间后加am或pm，如at seven (o’clock);at 8 am 几分钟 正读法：先读小时，再读分钟 倒读法：前半小时为“分钟数+past+整点数”；30分钟用half；15分钟用a quarter。后半小时为“分钟数+to+下一个整点数”，如at 2.30 (at two thirty/half past two);at 7.05 (at five past seven);at 10.45 (at ten forty-five/at a quarter to eleven) 编号 一般编码，用“名词+基数词”表示时强调“编号”；用“序数词+名词”则着重“顺序”。复杂的编号如电话号码等，多用基数词来表示。其读法为“是几读几”。两个相同的数可用double...，零可用o或zero，如Room 505 (Room five o five);the sixth lesson;Tel No. 8353-2353 (Telephone Number eight three five three two three five three) 二、小数、分数和百分数的表达法 类别 说明 小数 小数以基数词加小数点表示，小数点读point，小数点前按数词规则读，其后的数一个个地读 分数 分数由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成；分子大于1时，作分母的词用复数。但1/2一般用a/one half，1/4用a/one quarter 百分数 百分数由“基数词+百分号”构成，%读作percent，百分号还可分开写per cent 一、单句语法填空 1. The school was much smaller than he ________ (expect) . 2. With over 2,500 bikes ________ (store) in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 3. Everyone thinks of her as an impolite girl because she treats the guests ________ (rude)． 4. In ________ (add), the exhibition provides a chance for members to enjoy some artworks in our museum. 5. Some patients in hospital experience high levels of ________ (anxious). 6. The enthusiastic fans held their ________ (breathe) and waited patiently for the music genius to appear on the stage. 7. The activity made a strong impression on us and aroused the ________ (enthusiastic) of us students for various plants. 8. Any ________ (assist) you could give the police will be greatly appreciated. 9. What an amazing night! The band played all my old ________ (favourite). 10. In recent decades, the world has faced various global ________ (crisis), such as financial problems and public health emergencies. 11. The company upgraded its network ________ (secure) system to prevent unauthorized access to customer data. 12. Labubu’s rise integrates ________ (China) strong manufacturing base with creative innovation, tapping into the emotional needs of global consumers. 13. Within the ant colony, the complex ________ (divide) of labor, which comes from a natural drive, guides all tasks from searching for food to caring for the young. 14. She went to fetch him a warm blanket on the cold night, not out of care alone but partly out of ________ (guilty). 15. Susan gave up her job as an accountant in her ________ (forty). 16. ________ (million) of soldiers lost their lives in World War II. 17. Many students sent Mrs. Wang lots of beautiful flowers on her ________ (forty) birthday. 18. Now, Cao has started the ________ (two) part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. 19. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening its ________ (one) exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 20. It is reported that the floods have left about two ________ thousand) people homeless. 二、语法填空 Our school held a Science and Technology Festival last month. The event lasted for a week, and the 1. ______ (three) day was the most exciting one for Grade 12 students. In the morning, we attended many 2. ______ (student) invention shows. A group of students from Class 3 presented a 3. ______ (two-hour) speech on AI technology. After that, we visited the animal lab, where we saw five 4. ______ (sheep) with special tracking devices. The teacher shared some useful 5. ______ (information) about how technology helps protect animals. At noon, we had a picnic with the 6. ______ (teacher) guidance. To our joy, the school prepared fresh fruit and homemade cookies. Many students said this was a big 7. ______ (success) of the festival. In the afternoon, we joined a competition. Each team needed to make ten 8. ______ (activity) plans for environmental protection. The winner would get hundreds of 9. ______ (book) as prizes. Before the festival ended, the headmaster gave out some 10. ______ (knife) and tools to help us with future science projects. This festival not only made us interested in science but also taught us to work together. We all hope there will be more such events next year. 三、真题演练 1.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the __________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air. 2.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing （追溯） the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __________ (rich) of gardening in England. 3.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are __________ (treasure) of American heritage （遗产）. 4.（2023全国甲卷） Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the __________(six) century, B. C. 5.（2021新高考II卷）I’ve always loved the ocean. In the __________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词数词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：名词单复数（重点） 3 考点二：抽象名词具体化（重点） 5 考点三：名词所有格（重点） 5 考点四：数词 6 实战精练与提升 7 一、考试要求 名词和数词是高考英语语法填空、完形填空的必考重点。近五年江苏省春季高考中，名词考查频率较高，主要涉及名词单复数变化、抽象名词具体化、所有格用法及词性转换；数词则侧重基数词与序数词的转换、倍数表达、年代与年龄表示法等。高考命题趋势强调语境化应用，结合社会生活实际，如科技、文化、环境等话题，突出语法知识的综合运用能力。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 名词​ 5年3考 词形转换和名词的单复数 预测2026年在语法填空中强调名词语境化应用 数词 5年4考 序数词前冠词的使用、倍数表达、约数 预测2026年在语法填空中强调数词的逻辑推理 名词是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等的词，是英语语法的基础模块，也是江苏春季高考的高频考点，核心考查方向包括名词分类、单复数变化、抽象名词具体化、名词所有格四大模块。 知识点1、名词分类解析 根据所指代对象的性质，名词可分为个体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、集体名词四类，各类名词的用法及数的变化存在差异，是单复数和量化表达的基础。 ①个体名词 规则变化：book → books, box → boxes I bought three books and two boxes of pencils yesterday.不规则变化： child → children phenomenon → phenomena criterion → criteria ②物质名词特殊用法 不可数但可量化：a piece of advice, two cups of water 具体化用法：a coffee（一杯咖啡）, a glass（一个玻璃杯） ③抽象名词具体化三大规律 1. 与a/an连用表示一种：a pleasure（一件乐事） 2. 与a/an连用表示一次：a success（一次成功） 3. 复数形式表示多类：fruits（各种水果） 知识点2、名词所有格 常考词转化 ①’s所有格使用场景： 有生命名词：Tom’s bike 时间名词：today’s newspaper 国家/城市：China’s development ②of所有格适用情况： 无生命名词：the door of the room 较长修饰语：the contribution of the scientist who won the Nobel Prize ③双重所有格特殊含义： a friend of my father's（强调父亲朋友众多） that novel of Dickens'（含赞赏/批评意味） 知识点3、数词 基数词核心考点​ 单位换算：ten thousand（一万）, a hundred thousand（十万） 约数表达：hundreds of（成百上千）, thousands of（成千上万） 数量修饰：several hundred students（几百学生） 序数词使用细则​ 缩写规则：first → 1st, second → 2nd, third → 3rd 冠词选择：the second chapter（特指）但 a second chance（又一） 固定搭配：in the first place（首先） · 考点一：名词单复数 解题策略 1.形态判断法：分析名词词尾特征。 2.语义判断法：根据语境确定单复数。 · 名词单复数考点总结 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men,woman-women,foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police, cattle, staff 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体) 也可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 复数形式表示特别含义 customs（海关）, forces（军队）, times（时代）, spirits（情绪）, drinks（饮料）, sands（沙滩), papers（文件报纸）, manners（礼貌）, looks（外表）, brains（头脑智力）, greens（青菜）, ruins（废墟）, arms（武器）, works（工厂，工事，作品）, woods（森林） 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks，Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese,Chinese, Japanese 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men，-women Englishmen,Frenchwomen 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law,lookers-on, passers-by,story-tellers, boyfriends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, good-for-nothing（饭桶）， go-betweens（中间人） 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants 例1（2024江苏模拟）The laboratory purchased new ______ (microscope) for the biology experiment. 【答案】microscopes 【解析】microscope为规则可数名词，new后接复数表多个设备。 例2She gave me some ______ (advice) on how to improve my writing. 【答案】advice 【解析】advice为不可数名词，无复数形式，some后接原形。 【变式训练1·基础巩固】There are many ______ (bookshelf) in the library. 【答案】bookshelves 【解析】空格前有表示复数的形容词many，因此后面的可数名词需用复数形式。 【变式训练2·能力提升】The ______ (datum) shows that the climate ______ (change) are accelerating. 【答案】data, changes 【解析】data本身是datum的复数形式, climate change被作为可数的具体变化来讨论，且前面没有冠词，需要用复数形式。 【变式训练3·创新应用】As a ______ (journal), he has collected numerous ______ (story) about cultural ______ (difference). 【答案】journalist, stories, differences 【解析】journal通常指期刊或日记，而从事新闻工作的人是journalist（记者），story是以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变复数需变y为i再加es, cultural differences（文化差异）是一个常见搭配。 · 考点二：抽象名词具体化 · 典型场景归纳 一、情感类名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。多见动作行为类或者情绪情感类词汇。 抽象名词 具体化 success 成功 a success一件成功的事情 failure 失败 a failure一件失败的事情 pleasure 乐意 a pleasure一件乐事 surprise 惊讶 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事情 honour 荣誉 an honour一件引起尊敬的事情 例题（2024新课标I卷）The exhibition turned out to be ______ huge ______ (succeed), attracting over 10,000 visitors. 【答案】a; success 【解析】抽象名词success前加a，具体化表示一次成功的活动。 · 考点三：名词所有格 · 常见考点 一、’s所有格 1．以s结尾的人名所有格加’s 或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smith’s house 2.表示各自的所有关系 Japan’s and China’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 3.表示共有的所有关系 Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 4.表示“某人家”、“店铺”，所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 二、of所有格 1．用于无生命的东西 the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 2.用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时 the classrooms of the first-year students 3.用于名词化的词 the struggle of the oppressed The door of the room is made of wood. The cover of the book has a beautiful picture. The contribution of the scientist who won the Nobel Prize is great. The story of the girl who lived in the small village is very moving. · 考点四：数词 · 常见考点 一、时间和编号的表达法 类别 说明 数量 Hundred,thousand,million,billion等可以用具体的数字修饰，后接可数名词复数，表示确切的数；也可以自身用复数形式再搭配介词of后构成短语，表示不确切的数量 年份 一般用阿拉伯数字写出，两位数的年份直接按基数词读出； 三位数的年份，可按基数词读，也可第一个数字为一个单位，后两个数字为一个单位； 四位数的年份，一般每两个数字为一组以区别于整数，如“1781年”读作seventeen eighty-one 年月日 表示“某年某月某日”时按“月份+日期的序数词+年份”写出。具体到“日”时其前用介词on，具体到“年、月”用in，在日与年之间常用逗号分开，如on April 4;in May 2009;on June 9, 2006 年代、岁数 表示“几十年代”或“几十多岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数，其前用介词in。表示年代，数词前用定冠词the;表示岁数，数词前用形容词性物主代词，如in the nineties;in one’s fifties 几点钟 “在几点”用“介词at+数字”，o’clock可省略，若区分上、下午，可在时间后加am或pm，如at seven (o’clock);at 8 am 几分钟 正读法：先读小时，再读分钟 倒读法：前半小时为“分钟数+past+整点数”；30分钟用half；15分钟用a quarter。后半小时为“分钟数+to+下一个整点数”，如at 2.30 (at two thirty/half past two);at 7.05 (at five past seven);at 10.45 (at ten forty-five/at a quarter to eleven) 编号 一般编码，用“名词+基数词”表示时强调“编号”；用“序数词+名词”则着重“顺序”。复杂的编号如电话号码等，多用基数词来表示。其读法为“是几读几”。两个相同的数可用double...，零可用o或zero，如Room 505 (Room five o five);the sixth lesson;Tel No. 8353-2353 (Telephone Number eight three five three two three five three) 二、小数、分数和百分数的表达法 类别 说明 小数 小数以基数词加小数点表示，小数点读point，小数点前按数词规则读，其后的数一个个地读 分数 分数由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成；分子大于1时，作分母的词用复数。但1/2一般用a/one half，1/4用a/one quarter 百分数 百分数由“基数词+百分号”构成，%读作percent，百分号还可分开写per cent 一、单句语法填空 1. The school was much smaller than he ________ (expect) . 【答案】had expected 【解析】考查的动词时态。句意：这所学校比他原来预想的要小得多。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，was表明主句是过去时，而从句谓语动词expect的动作发生在was之前，即“过去的过去”，因此需要用过去完成时。故填had expected。 2. With over 2,500 bikes ________ (store) in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 【答案】stored 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在五个战略位置的租赁店中存放了2500多辆自行车，确保您随时都能租到自行车。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，宾语bikes与store之间为被动关系，即自行车被存放，所以应用store的过去分词形式stored作宾语补足语。故填stored。 3. Everyone thinks of her as an impolite girl because she treats the guests ________ (rude)． 【答案】rudely 【解析】考查副词。句意：每个人都认为她是个不礼貌的女孩，因为她粗鲁地对待客人。空格处修饰动词treat，要填所给形容词的副词形式，rude的副词为rudely,意为“粗鲁地，无礼地”符合句意，故填rudely。 4. In ________ (add), the exhibition provides a chance for members to enjoy some artworks in our museum. 【答案】addition 【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，这次展览为会员提供了在我们博物馆欣赏一些艺术品的机会。此处作介词宾语，应用名词addition，构成介词短语in addition“此外、另外”，用于补充说明额外的信息，符合“先提及其他内容，再补充展览的作用”的语境。故填addition。 5. Some patients in hospital experience high levels of ________ (anxious). 【答案】anxiety 【解析】考查名词。句意：一些住院病人承受着高度的焦虑。of后接不可数名词anxiety作宾语。故填anxiety。 6. The enthusiastic fans held their ________ (breathe) and waited patiently for the music genius to appear on the stage.. 【答案】breath 【解析】考查名词。句意：热情的粉丝们屏住呼吸，耐心等待这位音乐天才登台。hold one’s breath是固定短语，意为 “屏住呼吸”。故填breath。 7. The activity made a strong impression on us and aroused the ________ (enthusiastic) of us students for various plants. 【答案】enthusiasm 【解析】考查名词。句意：这次活动给我们留下了深刻的印象，并激发了我们学生对各种植物的热情。此处作宾语，应用名词enthusiasm“热情”，为不可数名词。故填enthusiasm。 8. Any ________ (assist) you could give the police will be greatly appreciated. 【答案】assistance 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：您能向警方提供的任何帮助都将受到极大的感谢。所给词assist为动词，意为“帮助”，此处位于形容词any之后，作句子主语，应用其名词形式assistance，意为“帮助，援助”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填assistance。 9. What an amazing night! The band played all my old ________ (favourite). 【答案】favourites 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：多么美妙的一晚啊！乐队演奏了所有我喜爱的老歌。句中my old后需接名词，favourite作名词时意为“特别喜爱的人（或事物）”，结合前文all可知，此处需用复数形式作宾语，故填favourites。 10. In recent decades, the world has faced various global ________ (crisis), such as financial problems and public health emergencies. 【答案】crises 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：近几十年来，世界面临着各种全球性危机，如金融问题和突发公共卫生事件。crisis“危机”是可数名词，被various修饰，应用其复数形式crises，作face的宾语。故填crises。 11. The company upgraded its network ________ (secure) system to prevent unauthorized access to customer data. 【答案】security 【解析】考查名词。句意：该公司升级了其网络安全系统，以防止未经授权访问客户数据。secure“安全的，可靠的”为形容词，其名词形式为security，表示“安全，保护”，在句中作定语修饰system，security system表示“安全系统”。故填security。 12. Labubu’s rise integrates ________ (China) strong manufacturing base with creative innovation, tapping into the emotional needs of global consumers. 【答案】China’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：Labubu的崛起将中国强大的制造业基础与创新融合在一起，满足了全球消费者的情感需求。根据空后名词短语strong manufacturing base可知，此空在句中作定语，表示“中国的强大制造业基础”。China的形容词形式Chinese虽常见，但更侧重于“与中国相关的/中文的”，而此处强调归属关系，名词所有格“China’s(中国的)”更符合语境和语法逻辑。故填China’s。 13. Within the ant colony, the complex ________ (divide) of labor, which comes from a natural drive, guides all tasks from searching for food to caring for the young. 【答案】division 【解析】考查名词。句意：在蚁群内部，这种源自自然本能的复杂分工模式，指导着从寻找食物到照料幼虫等所有活动的进行。作句子的主语，用名词division，不可数。故填division。 14. She went to fetch him a warm blanket on the cold night, not out of care alone but partly out of ________ (guilty). 【答案】guilt 【解析】考查名词。句意：在那个寒冷的夜晚，她去给他拿一床温暖的毯子，这不仅仅是出于关心，部分也是出于愧疚。此处作介词out of的宾语，应用guilty的名词形式guilt，意为“内疚”，为不可数名词，out of guilt表示“出于愧疚”，符合语境。故填guilt。 15. Susan gave up her job as an accountant in her ________ (forty). 【答案】forties 【解析】考查数词。句意：苏珊在四十多岁时放弃了她的会计工作。“in one’s + 整十数复数”是固定表达，意为“在某人几十多岁时”，“forty”的复数形式为“forties”，故填forties。 16. ________ (million) of soldiers lost their lives in World War II. 【答案】Millions 【解析】考查数词。句意：在第二次世界大战中，数百万士兵失去了生命。“million”表示“百万”，与“of”连用时，要用复数形式millions，millions of意为“数百万的”，修饰可数名词复数，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Millions。 17. Many students sent Mrs. Wang lots of beautiful flowers on her ________ (forty) birthday. 【答案】fortieth/40th 【解析】考查序数词。句意：王老师40岁生日那天，许多学生给她送了许多漂亮的花。forty“四十”，基数词；根据“birthday”可知，此处指某人多少岁生日，应用序数词，forty的序数词为fortieth/40th。故填fortieth/40th。 18. Now, Cao has started the ________ (two) part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. 【答案】second 【解析】考查序数词。句意：现在，曹已经开始了他梦想的第二部分——沿着“一带一路”走下去。由于所填词前有the修饰，其后接了单数可数名词part，要将基数词two变成对应的序数词second，表示“第二”。故填second。 19. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening its ________ (one) exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 【答案】first 【解析】考查序数词。句意：中国古茶博物馆在典礼上正式揭幕，并开放了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——馆藏普洱茶专题展。所填词作定语修饰单数可数名词exhibition，在此表示“第一个展览”，基数词one要变为对应的序数词first。故填first。 20. It is reported that the floods have left about two ________ (thousand) people homeless. 【答案】thousand 【解析】考查数词。句意：据报道，洪水使大约两千人无家可归。此处表示“两千”，hundred，thousand等词和数词连用表示确切数量时，hundred，thousand等用单数形式。故填thousand。 二、语法填空 Our school held a Science and Technology Festival last month. The event lasted for a week, and the 1. ______ (three) day was the most exciting one for Grade 12 students. In the morning, we attended many 2. ______ (student) invention shows. A group of students from Class 3 presented a 3. ______ (two-hour) speech on AI technology. After that, we visited the animal lab, where we saw five 4. ______ (sheep) with special tracking devices. The teacher shared some useful 5. ______ (information) about how technology helps protect animals. At noon, we had a picnic with the 6. ______ (teacher) guidance. To our joy, the school prepared fresh fruit and homemade cookies. Many students said this was a big 7. ______ (success) of the festival. In the afternoon, we joined a competition. Each team needed to make ten 8. ______ (activity) plans for environmental protection. The winner would get hundreds of 9. ______ (book) as prizes. Before the festival ended, the headmaster gave out some 10. ______ (knife) and tools to help us with future science projects. This festival not only made us interested in science but also taught us to work together. We all hope there will be more such events next year. 【答案】1. third 2.students’ 3.two-hour 4.sheep5. information 6.teachers’7.success 8.activities 9.books 10. knives 【解析】 1. 序数词，表示第三天，对应考点：序数词核心规则=。 2.名词所有格，表示学生们的发明展，复数名词所有格加’。 3. 复合数词定语，连字符后名词用单数。 4. 单复数同形名词，无复数变化。 5. 不可数名词，无复数形式。 6. 名词所有格，表示老师们的指导，复数名词所有格加’。 7. 抽象名词具体化，表示一件成功的事。 8. 可数名词复数，辅音+ y结尾变i加es。 9. 可数名词复数，概数 hundreds of后接复数名词。 10. 可数名词复数，f结尾变 v加es。 三、真题演练 1.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the __________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air. 【答案】absence 【解析】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。2.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __________ (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 richness 【解析】考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 3.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are __________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 【答案】 treasures 【解析】考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 4.（2023全国甲卷） Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the __________(six) century, B. C. 【答案】sixth 【解析】考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 5.（2021新高考II卷）I’ve always loved the ocean. In the __________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. 【答案】seventh 【解析】考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $