专题07 非谓语动词（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题07 非谓语动词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：不定式的用法（重点） 3 考点二：动名词的用法 4 考点三：分词的用法（常考点） 5 考点四：非谓语动词的易错点（难点） 6 实战精练与提升 7 考情解读 一、考试要求 非谓语动词是高考英语的必考重点，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。它们在句中可充当主语、宾语、状语、定语、补语等成分。近五年高考中，非谓语动词的考查频率稳定，题目设置注重语境化、综合化，尤其强调非谓语动词之间的相互干扰和辨析。 能区分谓语动词与非谓语动词； 掌握非谓语动词的 逻辑主语关系与动作时间关系； 熟练运用非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语，及独立主格、固定搭配等特殊用法； 规避主动表被动、非谓语与谓语混淆等高频易错点。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 不定式 5 年4考 不定式作目的状语、宾语补足语 2026年大概率在语法填空考不定式作目的状语 分词 5 年5考 现在分词表主动进行、过去分词表被动完成 2026年可能在单选考分词作定语的主动被动判断 动名词 5 年3考 动名词作宾语的固定搭配 2026年短文改错可能考不定式误用作动名词宾语 主动表被动 5 年3考 need/want/require doing；adj+to do 2026年语法填空可能考worth doing 独立主格 5 年2考 名词 + 分词；with 复合结构 2026年可能语法填空考with +宾语 +宾补 知识梳理 三大类非谓语动词的核心形式与功能 类别 核心形式（主动 / 被动） 主要功能（句中成分） 不定式 一般式：to do（主动）/ to be done（被动） 进行式：to be doing（主动） 完成式：to have done（主动）/to have been done（被动） 主语、宾语、定语、 状语、补语 动名词 一般式：doing（主动）/ being done（被动） 完成式：having done（主动）/ having been done（被动） 主语、宾语、 表语、定语 现在分词 一般式：doing（主动进行）/ being done（被动进行） 完成式：having done（主动完成）/ having been done（被动完成） 定语、状语、 补语、表语 过去分词 一般式：done（被动 / 完成） 定语、状语、补语、表语 考点精讲 · 考点一：不定式的用法 解题策略 1. 判断不定式的逻辑主语（动作的发出者 / 承受者），确定主动（to do）或被动（to be done）； 2. 判断不定式动作与谓语动作的时间关系（同时→to be doing；之后→to do；之前→to have done）； 3. 结合固定搭配（如 ask sb to do, it is + adj + to do）或句子成分（如目的状语用 to do）锁定形式。 · 核心用法 ①作主语 直接作主语（表具体动作） To finish the task in 3 days is challenging. it 作形式主语（常见句型） It is important for us to learn English. It is kind of you to help me. It takes 2 hours to get to Nanjing. ②作宾语 只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree, plan, decide, hope, want, expect, promise等 She agreed to attend the meeting. He decided to study abroad next year. We hope to see you soon. ③作定语 修饰名词，与名词构成动宾关系（若不定式为不及物动词，需加介词） I have a letter to write. There is a chair to sit on. She is the first student to arrive at school. ④作状语（目的 / 结果 / 原因） 目的状语（常用 in order to, so as to） He got up early to catch the first bus. We study hard in order to pass the spring exam. 结果状语（常用 only to do 表意外结果） He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 原因状语（与情感类adj连用：glad, happy, sorry 等） I am glad to hear the good news. ⑤作补语（宾语补足语 / 主语补足语） 带 to 的不定式（ask, tell, want 等动词后） The teacher told us to finish homework on time. 不带 to 的不定式（使役动词 let, have, make；感官动词 see, hear, watch 等，被动语态需加 to） I saw him play basketball yesterday. He was seen to play basketball yesterday. 例1（2025江苏南京一模）We plan ________ (hold) a charity sale to raise money for the poor children in rural areas. 例2（2025・江苏苏州开学考）It is necessary for students ________ (master) basic grammar rules before the spring exam. 【变式训练1·变载体】 The government has taken measures ________ (reduce) air pollution in Jiangsu province. 【变式训练2·变情景】She is said ________ (work) as a volunteer in the community since last month. 【变式训练3·变语境】The problem ________ (solve) in the meeting tomorrow is about students’ mental health. · 考点二：动名词的用法 解题策略 1. 识别动名词的功能场景（作主语 / 宾语 / 定语），如作宾语需记忆固定搭配； 2. 判断逻辑主语与动名词的主动 / 被动关系（主动→doing，被动→being done）； 3. 判断动作与谓语的时间关系（同时→doing，之前→having done）。 · 核心用法 ①作主语（表抽象 / 习惯性动作） 直接作主语 Reading aloud is helpful for English learning. it 作形式主语（固定句型：It is no use/good/waste doing） It is no use crying over split milk. It is a waste of time playing video games. ②作宾语（固定搭配是重点） 只接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practice, suggest, keep, miss… He enjoys playing the guitar in his free time. We must avoid making the same mistake. She suggested having a meeting to discuss the problem. 接动名词作宾语的短语：be busy doing, be worth doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing… They are busy preparing for the exam. The film is worth seeing again. We look forward to meeting you in Nanjing. ③作定语（表被修饰词的用途） 动名词作定语，说明名词的功能，与名词无主谓关系： a reading room a swimming pool a writing desk 例1（2025江苏常州一模）He apologized for ________ (be) late for the meeting because of the heavy traffic. 例2（2025・江苏扬州期末）My mother doesn’t mind ________ (help) me with my homework after work. 【变式训练1·被动语境】The little boy was afraid of ________ (laugh at) by his classmates. 【变式训练2·完成式】He regretted ________ (not study) hard when he was in high school. 【变式训练3·变语境】The teacher paid attention to ________ (improve) students’ listening skills. · 考点三：分词的用法 解题策略 1. 判断分词的逻辑主语（作定语→修饰的名词；作状语→句子主语；作宾补→前面的宾语）； 2. 根据逻辑主语与分词的关系（主动 / 进行→doing；被动 / 完成→done）确定形式； 3. 若动作发生在谓语之前，用完成式（having done/having been done）。 · 核心用法 ①作定语（前置 / 后置） 现在分词作定语（主动 / 进行） a running man The girl singing on the stage is my sister. 过去分词作定语（被动 / 完成） a broken cup The book written by Mo Yan is popular. ②作状语（时间 / 原因 / 结果 / 伴随） 现在分词作状语（主动 / 进行）： Walking in the park, I met an old friend. He fell off the bike, hurting his leg. 过去分词作状语（被动 / 完成） Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful. Moved by his story, we decided to help him. ③作宾语补足语（感官动词 / 使役动词后） 现在分词作宾补（主动 / 进行） I saw her dancing in the room. We kept the fire burning all night. 过去分词作宾补（被动 / 完成） He had his car repaired yesterday. I heard the song sung in English. 例1（2025江苏南京二模）The students ________ (attend) the lecture about environmental protection are from Grade 3. 例2（2024江苏镇江期末）________ (finish) his homework, he went to watch TV. 例3（2025江苏盐城一模）The teacher found the window ________ (break) when she came into the classroom. 【变式训练1·被动语境】________ (ask) to answer the question, he felt a little nervous. 【变式训练2·伴随状语】She sat on the sofa, ________ (read) a newspaper. 【变式训练3·定语】The ________ (fall) leaves in autumn are beautiful. / The ________ (fall) tree was cut down. · 考点四：非谓语动词的易错点 · 易错点1：主动形式表示被动意义 ①need/want/require/deserve + doing / to be done The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned. ②adj（easy/difficult/hard）+ to do This question is easy to answer. ③be to blame/let/rent Who is to blame for the mistake? The house is to let. 例1The machine requires ________ (check) carefully before it is used. 例2The book is interesting and easy ________ (read). 【巩固训练1】The old building deserves ________ (protect) because of its historical value. 【巩固训练2】The task is difficult ________ (finish) in such a short time. 【巩固训练3】The driver is ________ (blame) for the traffic accident. · 易错点2：独立主格结构（名词 / 代词+非谓语） 独立主格的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，需单独给出，常见形式： ① 名词+现在分词（主动） Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic. ② 名词+过去分词（被动） The work finished, he went home. ③ with +名词+非谓语 With the window open, the wind came in. 例1________ (time permit), we will visit the Nanjing Museum tomorrow. 例2With his homework ________ (do), he can go out to play. 【巩固训练1】________ (the meeting over), everyone left the hall. 【巩固训练2】With the baby ________ (sleep), the mother can have a rest. 【巩固训练3】The rain ________ (stop), we continued our journey. 实战训练 一、单句语法填空 1. Fortunately, there is a huge industry of plastic-free products (target) at eco-conscious consumers. 2. They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. 3. The violet silk gown, mistakenly (identify) as a royal Japanese dress, is in fact a traditional Chinese Hanfu. 4. These potential side effects, however rare they might occur, would be risky (dismiss) without considering the long-term well-being of the patients. 5. They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic, (weigh) almost 18 tons, with thousands of new pieces washing up each day. 6. She remembered (log) the meeting minutes yesterday but forgot to share them with team members. 7. If you want to really take in the full experience, you should go to the fish market in Sydney early in the morning and watch the fish (prepare) for sale. 8. Countless species (sample) in this grand ecosystem now serve as crucial data for conservation. 9. (surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. 10. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers. 11. We ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early, thus (catch) the early flight. 12. (drive) by a strong sense of responsibility, people explore and do not give up. 13. While the weather was extremely bad, the soldiers and doctors didn’t delay (set) off for the flood-hit area. 14. It is worthwhile (read) this novel. 15. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealized and pursued passionately, true independence often involves (recognize) the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 16. To prepare for their returning, China selected senior workers to travel to the US in advance (take) part in the panda’s feeding ... 17. He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans (include). 18. …visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers. 19. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, (believe) it was actually electricity. 20.When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things (do). 二、根据汉语提示填空 1. It is difficult the rapid pace of change. (跟上) 2. The government needs to (采取措施解决问题) caused by climate change before the situation becomes worse. 3. Using reusable bags and bottles is a simple way to (采取低碳的生活方式) and (减少污染). 4. Fishing companies must (合理利用自然资源) by following rules that prevent overfishing. 5. Protecting forests is essential to (维持大自然平衡) because they provide homes for countless animals. 6. Many countries are investing money to (开发可再生资源) like solar and wind energy for a cleaner future. 7. To (取得技术进步) students in the robotics competition tried replacing traditional energy with solar power. 8. She advised us to (追求热爱) for English by watching movies, as it combines learning with fun. 9. The historical figure never compromised his (道德准则), showing us that (坚守原则) is the foundation of gaining respect. ( 10. (以帮助农村孩子接受更好教育的崇高动机为驱动), Mr. Li gave up his high-paying job and became a village teacher. 三、真题演练 1.（2025年全国高考一卷）“We hope________ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 2.（2025年全国高考二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.  3.（2021年秋考）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 4.（2025年1月浙江首考） Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women _______ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 5.（2025年1月浙江首考）“ I know that doesn’t always mean __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 非谓语动词 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：不定式的用法（重点） 3 考点二：动名词的用法 5 考点三：分词的用法（常考点） 6 考点四：非谓语动词的易错点（难点） 8 实战精练与提升 9 考情解读 一、考试要求 非谓语动词是高考英语的必考重点，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。它们在句中可充当主语、宾语、状语、定语、补语等成分。近五年高考中，非谓语动词的考查频率稳定，题目设置注重语境化、综合化，尤其强调非谓语动词之间的相互干扰和辨析。 能区分谓语动词与非谓语动词； 掌握非谓语动词的 逻辑主语关系与动作时间关系； 熟练运用非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语，及独立主格、固定搭配等特殊用法； 规避主动表被动、非谓语与谓语混淆等高频易错点。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 不定式 5 年4考 不定式作目的状语、宾语补足语 2026年大概率在语法填空考不定式作目的状语 分词 5 年5考 现在分词表主动进行、过去分词表被动完成 2026年可能在单选考分词作定语的主动被动判断 动名词 5 年3考 动名词作宾语的固定搭配 2026年短文改错可能考不定式误用作动名词宾语 主动表被动 5 年3考 need/want/require doing；adj+to do 2026年语法填空可能考worth doing 独立主格 5 年2考 名词 + 分词；with 复合结构 2026年可能语法填空考with +宾语 +宾补 知识梳理 三大类非谓语动词的核心形式与功能 类别 核心形式（主动 / 被动） 主要功能（句中成分） 不定式 一般式：to do（主动）/ to be done（被动） 进行式：to be doing（主动） 完成式：to have done（主动）/to have been done（被动） 主语、宾语、定语、 状语、补语 动名词 一般式：doing（主动）/ being done（被动） 完成式：having done（主动）/ having been done（被动） 主语、宾语、 表语、定语 现在分词 一般式：doing（主动进行）/ being done（被动进行） 完成式：having done（主动完成）/ having been done（被动完成） 定语、状语、 补语、表语 过去分词 一般式：done（被动 / 完成） 定语、状语、补语、表语 考点精讲 · 考点一：不定式的用法 解题策略 1. 判断不定式的逻辑主语（动作的发出者 / 承受者），确定主动（to do）或被动（to be done）； 2. 判断不定式动作与谓语动作的时间关系（同时→to be doing；之后→to do；之前→to have done）； 3. 结合固定搭配（如 ask sb to do, it is + adj + to do）或句子成分（如目的状语用 to do）锁定形式。 · 核心用法 ①作主语 直接作主语（表具体动作） To finish the task in 3 days is challenging. it 作形式主语（常见句型） It is important for us to learn English. It is kind of you to help me. It takes 2 hours to get to Nanjing. ②作宾语 只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree, plan, decide, hope, want, expect, promise等 She agreed to attend the meeting. He decided to study abroad next year. We hope to see you soon. ③作定语 修饰名词，与名词构成动宾关系（若不定式为不及物动词，需加介词） I have a letter to write. There is a chair to sit on. She is the first student to arrive at school. ④作状语（目的 / 结果 / 原因） 目的状语（常用 in order to, so as to） He got up early to catch the first bus. We study hard in order to pass the spring exam. 结果状语（常用 only to do 表意外结果） He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 原因状语（与情感类adj连用：glad, happy, sorry 等） I am glad to hear the good news. ⑤作补语（宾语补足语 / 主语补足语） 带 to 的不定式（ask, tell, want 等动词后） The teacher told us to finish homework on time. 不带 to 的不定式（使役动词 let, have, make；感官动词 see, hear, watch 等，被动语态需加 to） I saw him play basketball yesterday. He was seen to play basketball yesterday. 例1（2025江苏南京一模）We plan ________ (hold) a charity sale to raise money for the poor children in rural areas. 【答案】to hold 【解析】考查不定式作宾语。plan 后接不定式作宾语，逻辑主语we与hold是主动关系，故填to hold。句意：我们计划举办一场慈善义卖，为农村贫困儿童筹款。 例2（2025・江苏苏州开学考）It is necessary for students ________ (master) basic grammar rules before the spring exam. 【答案】to master 【解析】考查不定式作主语（it 作形式主语）。固定句型It is + adj + for sb to do，adj（necessary）修饰事，故填 to master。句意：学生在春考前掌握基础语法规则是必要的。 【变式训练1·变载体】 The government has taken measures ________ (reduce) air pollution in Jiangsu province. 【答案】to reduce 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。采取措施的目的是减少污染，表目的to do。 【变式训练2·变情景】She is said ________ (work) as a volunteer in the community since last month. 【答案】to have been working 【解析】考查不定式的完成进行式。since last month表动作从过去持续到现在，逻辑主语 she 与 work 是主动关系。 【变式训练3·变语境】The problem ________ (solve) in the meeting tomorrow is about students’ mental health. 【答案】to be solved 【解析】考查不定式作定语（被动）。tomorrow 表将来，problem 与 solve 是被动关系。 · 考点二：动名词的用法 解题策略 1. 识别动名词的功能场景（作主语 / 宾语 / 定语），如作宾语需记忆固定搭配； 2. 判断逻辑主语与动名词的主动 / 被动关系（主动→doing，被动→being done）； 3. 判断动作与谓语的时间关系（同时→doing，之前→having done）。 · 核心用法 ①作主语（表抽象 / 习惯性动作） 直接作主语 Reading aloud is helpful for English learning. it 作形式主语（固定句型：It is no use/good/waste doing） It is no use crying over split milk. It is a waste of time playing video games. ②作宾语（固定搭配是重点） 只接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practice, suggest, keep, miss… He enjoys playing the guitar in his free time. We must avoid making the same mistake. She suggested having a meeting to discuss the problem. 接动名词作宾语的短语：be busy doing, be worth doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing… They are busy preparing for the exam. The film is worth seeing again. We look forward to meeting you in Nanjing. ③作定语（表被修饰词的用途） 动名词作定语，说明名词的功能，与名词无主谓关系： a reading room a swimming pool a writing desk 例1（2025江苏常州一模）He apologized for ________ (be) late for the meeting because of the heavy traffic. 【答案】being 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。apologize for后接动名词（for 是介词），逻辑主语he与be late是主动关系，故填 being。句意：他因交通拥堵开会迟到而道歉。 例2（2025・江苏扬州期末）My mother doesn’t mind ________ (help) me with my homework after work. 【答案】helping 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。mind 后接动名词（mind doing），逻辑主语mother与 help是主动关系，故填 helping。句意：妈妈不介意下班后帮我辅导作业。 【变式训练1·被动语境】The little boy was afraid of ________ (laugh at) by his classmates. 【答案】being laughed at 【解析】考查动名词的被动式。be afraid of后接动名词，boy与laugh at 是被动关系，故填being laughed at。 【变式训练2·完成式】He regretted ________ (not study) hard when he was in high school. 【答案】not having studied 【解析】考查动名词的完成式。regret 后接动名词表后悔做过某事，study发生在regret之前，故用having studied，否定式在前面加not。 【变式训练3·变语境】The teacher paid attention to ________ (improve) students’ listening skills. 【答案】improving 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。pay attention to后接动名词（to 是介词），故填improving。 · 考点三：分词的用法 解题策略 1. 判断分词的逻辑主语（作定语→修饰的名词；作状语→句子主语；作宾补→前面的宾语）； 2. 根据逻辑主语与分词的关系（主动 / 进行→doing；被动 / 完成→done）确定形式； 3. 若动作发生在谓语之前，用完成式（having done/having been done）。 · 核心用法 ①作定语（前置 / 后置） 现在分词作定语（主动 / 进行） a running man The girl singing on the stage is my sister. 过去分词作定语（被动 / 完成） a broken cup The book written by Mo Yan is popular. ②作状语（时间 / 原因 / 结果 / 伴随） 现在分词作状语（主动 / 进行）： Walking in the park, I met an old friend. He fell off the bike, hurting his leg. 过去分词作状语（被动 / 完成） Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful. Moved by his story, we decided to help him. ③作宾语补足语（感官动词 / 使役动词后） 现在分词作宾补（主动 / 进行） I saw her dancing in the room. We kept the fire burning all night. 过去分词作宾补（被动 / 完成） He had his car repaired yesterday. I heard the song sung in English. 例1（2025江苏南京二模）The students ________ (attend) the lecture about environmental protection are from Grade 3. 【答案】attending 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。students与attend是主动关系（学生参加讲座），表主动进行，故填attending。句意：参加环保讲座的学生来自高三。 例2（2024江苏镇江期末）________ (finish) his homework, he went to watch TV. 【答案】Having finished 【解析】考查现在分词的完成式。finish发生在went之前（完成作业后看电视），逻辑主语he与finish是主动关系，故填 Having finished，句首首字母大写。 例3（2025江苏盐城一模）The teacher found the window ________ (break) when she came into the classroom.【答案】broken 【解析】考查过去分词作宾补。window与break 是被动关系（窗户被打破），表完成，故填 broken。句意：老师进教室时发现窗户破了。 【变式训练1·被动语境】________ (ask) to answer the question, he felt a little nervous. 【答案】Being asked 【解析】考查现在分词的被动式。ask与he是被动关系（被要求回答问题），且动作与felt同时发生，故填 Being asked。 【变式训练2·伴随状语】She sat on the sofa, ________ (read) a newspaper. 【答案】reading 【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。she与read是主动关系（她读报纸），表伴随动作，故填reading。 【变式训练3·定语】The ________ (fall) leaves in autumn are beautiful. / The ________ (fall) tree was cut down.【答案】fallen; falling 【解析】fallen表完成（已经落下的叶子），falling表进行（正在倒下的树），故分别填fallen和falling。 · 考点四：非谓语动词的易错点 · 易错点1：主动形式表示被动意义 ①need/want/require/deserve + doing / to be done The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned. ②adj（easy/difficult/hard）+ to do This question is easy to answer. ③be to blame/let/rent Who is to blame for the mistake? The house is to let. 例1The machine requires ________ (check) carefully before it is used. 【答案】checking /to be checked 【解析】考查主动表被动。require后接doing或to be done。 例2The book is interesting and easy ________ (read). 【答案】to read 【解析】考查adj+to do的主动表被动。easy后接to do，read的逻辑宾语是 book。 【巩固训练1】The old building deserves ________ (protect) because of its historical value. 【答案】protecting /to be protected 【解析】deserve 后接doing或to be done，故填protecting或to be protected。 【巩固训练2】The task is difficult ________ (finish) in such a short time. 【答案】to finish 【解析】difficult后接to do，主动表被动，故填to finish。 【巩固训练3】The driver is ________ (blame) for the traffic accident. 【答案】to blame 【解析】be to blame主动表被动，故填to blame。 · 易错点2：独立主格结构（名词 / 代词+非谓语） 独立主格的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，需单独给出，常见形式： ① 名词+现在分词（主动） Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic. ② 名词+过去分词（被动） The work finished, he went home. ③ with +名词+非谓语 With the window open, the wind came in. 例1________ (time permit), we will visit the Nanjing Museum tomorrow. 【答案】Time permitting 【解析】考查独立主格。time（逻辑主语）与 permit 是主动关系，故填Time permitting。 例2With his homework ________ (do), he can go out to play. 【答案】done 【解析】考查 with 复合结构。homework与do是被动关系，表完成，故填done。 【巩固训练1】________ (the meeting over), everyone left the hall. 【答案】The meeting over 【解析】独立主格，meeting与over是系表关系，故填The meeting over。 【巩固训练2】With the baby ________ (sleep), the mother can have a rest. 【答案】sleeping 【解析】with复合结构，baby与sleep是主动进行关系，故填sleeping。 【巩固训练3】The rain ________ (stop), we continued our journey. 【答案】having stopped 【解析】独立主格，rain与stop是主动关系，且动作发生在continued之前，故填having stopped。 实战训练 一、单句语法填空 1．Fortunately, there is a huge industry of plastic-free products (target) at eco-conscious consumers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】targeted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，有一整个庞大的无塑料产品产业，专门面向那些注重环保的消费者。此处target与products构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填targeted。 2．They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to threaten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是亲密的朋友，所以没有什么能威胁到他们的关系，很多人觉得他们的关系很和谐。be likely to do sth.有可能做某事。故填to threaten。 3．The violet silk gown, mistakenly (identify) as a royal Japanese dress, is in fact a traditional Chinese Hanfu. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】identified 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这件紫色丝绸长袍被误认为是日本皇室服饰，实际上它是一件传统的中国汉服。The violet silk gown与identify之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填identified。 4．These potential side effects, however rare they might occur, would be risky (dismiss) without considering the long-term well-being of the patients. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to dismiss 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，无论这些潜在副作用发生的概率有多低，若不考虑患者的长期健康，就忽视它们是有风险的。be risky to do sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事是有风险的”。故填to dismiss。 5．They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic, (weigh) almost 18 tons, with thousands of new pieces washing up each day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】weighing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们估算出有3,800万件塑料，总重近18吨，每天还有数千件新塑料被冲上岸。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词calculated，且逗号前后无连词连接，故此处weigh需用非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语38 million pieces of plastic之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语，补充说明塑料的重量情况。故填weighing。 6．She remembered (log) the meeting minutes yesterday but forgot to share them with team members. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to log 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她记得昨天要记录会议纪要，但忘了和团队成员分享。根据“但忘了分享”的语境“可知，“记录会议纪要”这一动作是“记得要去做”的事情，应用固定短语remember to do sth.，表示“记得要做某事（但未做）”，所以此处应用log的动词不定式形式作remembered的宾语。故填to log。 7．If you want to really take in the full experience, you should go to the fish market in Sydney early in the morning and watch the fish (prepare) for sale. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being prepared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你想真正全方位体验一番，就应该一大早去悉尼的鱼市，观看鱼被准备好待售的过程。此处为“watch + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，宾语the fish与prepare之间是被动关系，即鱼是被准备的，需用被动形式；同时watch强调“观看动作正在进行”，故应用“being + 过去分词”形式，构成现在分词的被动式作宾语补足语，being prepared既体现被动关系，又符合“观看鱼正在被准备”的语境。故填being prepared。 8．Countless species (sample) in this grand ecosystem now serve as crucial data for conservation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sampled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个庞大的生态系统中所采集的无数物种如今已成为保护工作的重要数据来源。此处sample与species构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填sampled。 9． (surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被大自然包围不仅激发了我的创造力，而且让我从平时的学校生活的喧嚣中得到了急需的休息。“(surround) by nature”作主语，表示一种状态，用动名词作主语，且surround(包围，围绕)与其逻辑主语“我”之间是被动关系，用动名词的被动形式being surrounded作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Being surrounded。 10．Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：埃德蒙森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度，并补充道，漫步在出生地花园的游客们常常会惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。分析句子可知，“be amazed to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“做某事感到惊讶”，此处应用动词不定式作原因状语。 11. We ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early, thus (catch) the early flight. 【答案】catching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们提前订了出租车，还起得很早，因此赶上了早班飞机。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语动词，catch与逻辑主语We之间是主动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用现在分词形式作结果状语。 12. (drive) by a strong sense of responsibility, people explore and do not give up. 【答案】Driven 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在强烈责任感的驱使下，人们不断探索，永不放弃。句中谓语是explore and do，空格处用非谓语动词，由by以及句意可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。 13. While the weather was extremely bad, the soldiers and doctors didn’t delay (set) off for the flood-hit area. 【答案】setting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管天气极其恶劣，士兵和医生们仍没有推迟出发前往洪涝灾区。set off为固定短语，意为“出发”；固定搭配delay doing sth.，表示“推迟做某事”；本空用set的动名词形式setting，作宾语。 14. It is worthwhile (read) this novel. 【答案】to read/reading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：读这本小说是值得的。It is worthwhile to do sth.和It is worthwhile doing sth.，均表示“做某事是值得的”，it是形式主语，动名词或不定式是真正的主语，本空用read“读”的动名词reading或不定式to read。 15. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealized and pursued passionately, true independence often involves (recognize) the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 【答案】recognizing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从故事中我们领悟到，尽管独立最初常被理想化并充满热情地追求，但真正的独立往往意味着认识到协作的价值，并懂得何时需要寻求帮助。involve doing意为“包含/需要做某事”，因此用recognize“意识到”的动名词形式作宾语。 16. To prepare for their returning, China selected senior workers to travel to the US in advance (take) part in the panda’s feeding ... 【答案】to take 【详解】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为迎接它们回国，中国提前选派资深工作人员前往美国，参与熊猫的喂养……。动词不定式作目的状语。 17. He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans (include). 【答案】included 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说，这正影响着从细菌到哺乳动物的所有生物，人类也包括在内。此处为独立主格结构，且human与include构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填included。 18. …visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查不定式。意：……漫步在Birthplace Garden的游客常常惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。be amazed to do sth.为固定短语，意为“做某事感到惊讶”。 19. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, (believe) it was actually electricity. 【答案】believing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：故事是这样的：多年来，富兰克林一直觉得闪电很有趣，他认为闪电实际上就是电。本句谓语为had found，此处应为非谓语动词，believe“认为，相信”与逻辑主语Franklin之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式，作伴随状语。 20.When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things (do). 【答案】to do 【详解】考查动词不定式作后置定语。 句意：当你去世界不同地方的餐厅时，知道要做的正确和错误的事情很重要。主句中已有谓语动词is，空处应用非谓语，表示“要去做的事情”应用不定式作后置定语。 二、根据汉语提示填空 1. It is difficult the rapid pace of change. (跟上) 【答案】to keep up with 【详解】考查非谓语动词及动词短语。句意：很难跟上变化的快速步伐。“跟上”用动词短语keep up with。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth”是固定句型，表示“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故空处应填入动词不定式to keep up with。 2. The government needs to (采取措施解决问题) caused by climate change before the situation becomes worse. 【答案】take measures to solve problems 【详解】考查短语。句意：政府需要采取措施来解决由气候变化所引发的问题，以免情况进一步恶化。表示“采取措施做某事”用take measures to do，表示“解决问题”用solve problems，need to do sth.意思为；需要做某事，to后用动词原形。 3. Using reusable bags and bottles is a simple way to (采取低碳的生活方式) and (减少污染). 【答案】adopt a low-carbon lifestyle; reduce pollution 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：使用可重复使用的袋子和瓶子是采用低碳生活方式和减少污染的简单方法“采取”表达为 “adopt”，“低碳的”是“low - carbon”，“生活方式”表达为 “lifestyle”。所以“采取低碳的生活方式”译为“adopt a low - carbon lifestyle”。该句第二空应为动词短语reduce pollution“减少污染”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。 4. Fishing companies must (合理利用自然资源) by following rules that prevent overfishing. 【答案】make proper use of natural resources 【详解】考查短语。句意：捕鱼公司必须通过遵循防止过度捕捞的规则，合理利用自然资源。“make use of”是固定短语，意为“利用”，“proper”是形容词，意为“合理的”，修饰名词“use”，“natural resources”表示“自然资源”。“must”是情态动词，后接动词原形。 5. Protecting forests is essential to (维持大自然平衡) because they provide homes for countless animals. 【答案】keep the balance of nature 【详解】考查短语。句意：保护森林对于维持大自然平衡至关重要，因为森林为众多动物提供了栖息之所。表示“维持”用keep，表示“大自然平衡”用the balance of nature，to后用动词原形构成动词不定式形式。 6. Many countries are investing money to (开发可再生资源) like solar and wind energy for a cleaner future. 【答案】develop renewable resources 【详解】考查动词短语和名词。句意：许多国家正在投资开发太阳能和风能等可再生资源，以创造一个更清洁的未来。根据汉语提示“开发可再生资源”可知，“开发”用动词develop，结合空前的to为不定式符号可知，此处应用动词原形。“可再生资源”可以翻译为renewable resources，作宾语。 7. To (取得技术进步) students in the robotics competition tried replacing traditional energy with solar power. 【答案】achieve technological advances 【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词。句意：为了实现技术进步，参加机器人竞赛的学生们尝试用太阳能取代传统能源。“取得”使用动词achieve，使用动词原形和前面的To构成动词不定式，“技术进步”译为technological advances，technological为形容词作定语。 8. She advised us to (追求热爱) for English by watching movies, as it combines learning with fun. 【答案】pursue our passion 【详解】考查动词不定式、名词。句意：她建议我们通过看电影来追求对英语的热爱，因为这结合了学习和乐趣。表示“追求”用动词pursue，位于不定式符号to后，用原形。表示“热爱”用名词 passion，作宾语；passion对应的逻辑主语是us，故用形容词性物主代词our，修饰 passion。 9. The historical figure never compromised his (道德准则), showing us that (坚守原则) is the foundation of gaining respect. 【答案】moral principles; committing to principles 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：这位历史人物从未放弃过自己的道德准则，这向我们证明，坚守原则是赢得尊重的基石。第一空根据汉语提示可知短语为moral principles，复数名词作宾语；第二空根据汉语提示可知短语为commit to principles，作主语用动名词形式。 10. (以帮助农村孩子接受更好教育的崇高动机为驱动), Mr. Li gave up his high-paying job and became a village teacher. 【答案】Driven by the noble motive of helping rural children get better education 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：以帮助农村孩子接受更好教育的崇高动机为驱动，李先生放弃了高薪工作，成为了一名乡村教师。根据汉语提示“以……为驱动”可知，此处使用动词“drive”，表示“以……为驱动”应使用短语“be driven by”，分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语动词作状语，且与句子主语“Mr. Li”之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“崇高的动机”应为“the noble motive”，表示“帮助农村孩子接受更好教育”应为“of helping rural children get better education”，作“motive”的后置定语。 三、真题演练 1.（2025年全国高考一卷）“We hope________ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” 【答案】to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词 “to do” 的用法。固定搭配 “hope to do sth” 表示 “希望做某事”，此处需用不定式作宾语，故填 “to present”，句意为 “我们希望在视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋和人工智能”。作for的宾语，表示“同样地、两者都”用副词alike，作状语。 2.（2025年全国高考二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.  【答案】to discover 【解析】考查非谓语动词 “to do” 作定语。名词 “chance”（机会）后常接不定式 “to do” 作后置定语，表 “做某事的机会”，故填 “to discover”，句意为 “剥夺了我发现阳光一大奇迹的机会”。 3.（2021年秋考）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词 “done” 作定语。名词 “a sheet or shirt”（床单或衬衫）与 “leave”（留下）是被动关系（“被留在阳光下晾晒”），需用过去分词作后置定语。 4.（2025年1月浙江首考） Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women _______ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 【答案】to rent 【解析】考查非谓语动词 “to do” 作定语。名词 “clothes”（衣服）后接不定式 “to do”，表 “用于做某事的衣服”，此处 “for women to rent” 表示 “供女性租赁的衣服”。 5.（2025年1月浙江首考）“ I know that doesn’t always mean __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词 “doing” 作宾语。固定搭配 “mean doing sth” 表示 “意味着做某事”，此处需用动名词作宾语，故填 “returning”，句意为 “我知道这并不总意味着在特别的周末后周一归还裙子”。 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $