专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 5 考点一：情态动词的基本用法（重点） 5 考点二：情态动词表推测（常考点） 6 考点三：情态动词+have done（难点） 7 考点四：if条件句中的虚拟语气（重点） 7 考点五：其他句型中的虚拟语气（难点） 9 实战精练与提升 11 一、考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气是高考英语的必考重点，主要考查： 情态动词表示推测、能力、许可等基本用法及区别 情态动词+have done结构的用法辨析 虚拟语气在条件句、宾语从句、主语从句等句型中的应用 二、命题分析 1.情态动词高频考点：推测用法及区别、否定式辨析、“情态动词 + have done” 语义差异（近 3 年占语法题 35%） 2.虚拟语气核心方向：含蓄条件句、名词性从句特殊句式、混合时态虚拟（易错点集中在错综时间条件 3.考查形式：单选（60%）、语法填空（30%）、书面表达语境应用（10%） 命题趋势：更加注重在真实语境中判断情态动词的语用功能，虚拟语气考查更注重错综时间条件句和含蓄条件句。 知识点1、情态动词的基本用法 ①表推测 情态动词 语气强度 适用句式 例句 must 最强 肯定句 You’re Tom’s roommate, so you must know his phone number. The ground is covered with snow, so it must have snowed last night. They must be preparing for the exam now. All the lights are on. can/could 较强（否定 / 疑问） 否定句 / 疑问句 It can’t be Mr. Li—he’s in Shanghai today. Could he have finished the task alone? She couldn’t have lied to me—I trust her. may/might 较弱 肯定句 / 否定句 Your mother may not agree with this plan. He might have missed the train—he left late. It may rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. ②表能力 / 许可 / 必要 功能 情态动词 关键特征 例句 能力 can/could can 表现在，could 表过去；was/were able to 表 “成功做到” Mary can speak three languages fluently. He could swim across the river when he was 10. Despite the injury, he was able to finish the race. 许可 can/could/may could/may 更委婉，肯定回答用 can May I come in, sir? You can borrow this book for two weeks. 必要 must/have to must 表主观，have to 表客观；否定用 needn’t We must hand in the report by Friday. It’s raining heavily, so we have to stay indoors. —Must I wait here? —No, you needn’t. 知识点2、 特殊结构：情态动词 + have done 结构 核心含义 例句 must have done 对过去的肯定推测 The door is locked—she must have gone out. He must have studied hard. He got full marks. They must have seen the film.It’s everywhere. should/ ought to have done 本应做却未做 You should have told me the truth earlier. She ought to have arrived by now. We should have prepared for the interview better. could have done 本可做却未做 I could have passed the exam with more effort. He could have helped you—why didn’t you ask? We could have caught the bus if we’d run faster. needn’t have done 本不必做却做了 You needn’t have bought so much food. She needn’t have come so early. It’s 8 o’clock now. We needn’t have taken umbrellas—it didn’t rain. 知识点3、 条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟类型 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句 与现在相反 过去式 （be 用 were） would/could/might/should +do If I were you, I would choose the blue one. If he had time, he could help us. If it snowed now, we might build a snowman. 与过去相反 had+done would/could/might/should +have done If you had called me, I would have come. If she had studied harder, she could have passed. 与将来相反 过去式 /should+do /were to do would/could/might/should +do If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the trip. If he should come, tell him to wait. If she were to marry him, she might regret it. 知识点4、 混合虚拟条件句 规则：从句与主句动作发生时间不同，谓语按各自时间调整 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句过去→主句现在） If it had rained last night, it would be cold today.（从句过去→主句现在） If she were more careful, she wouldn’t have made that mistake.（从句现在→主句过去） 知识点5、 含蓄虚拟条件句 标志词：without, but for, otherwise, or, but 等 Without electricity, human life would be quite different.(=If there were no electricity...) But for your help, we would have lost the game.(=If it hadn’t been for your help...) He was busy; otherwise, he would have come.(=If he hadn’t been busy...) 知识点6、 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 从句类型 触发词 谓语结构 例句 宾语从句 suggest, demand, order, request ... (should)+do I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting. He demanded that she (should) apologize. The teacher ordered that the work (should) be finished. 主语从句 It’s necessary/strange/ important that... (should)+do It’s necessary that we (should) wear masks. It’s strange that he (should) refuse the offer. It’s important that she (should) get enough rest. 知识点7、 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 句型 谓语结构 例句 wish +宾语从句 现在：过去式； 过去：had+done； 将来：would+do I wish I were a bird. I wish she had taken my advice. I wish it would stop raining. if only... 现在：过去式； 过去：had+done； 将来：would+do If only we knew where he is. If only the alarm had rung. If only it would be sunny tomorrow. as if/though 现在：过去式； 过去：had+done She looks as if she were ill. He talked as if he had known her. It seems as if it would snow. would rather + 宾语从句 现在 / 将来：过去式； 过去：had+done I would rather she came tomorrow. I would rather he didn’t go there. I would rather you hadn’t told him. It’s (high) time that... 过去式 / should+do It’s time that we went to bed. It’s high time that he should work hard. It’s time that they started preparing. · 考点一：情态动词的基本用法 解题策略 1. 根据语境判断情态动词的功能（推测、许可、义务等） 2. 注意情态动词的现在/过去形式对应关系 3. 区分must与have to的主观客观差异 · 情态动词表推测的三重陷阱 陷阱1：mustn’t 表禁止≠不必（不必用 needn’t）​ You mustn’t finish it today. ✘ You needn’t finish it today. ✔​ 陷阱2：could表过去能力≠过去推测​ He could swim at 5.（能力） He could have swum here.（推测）​ 陷阱3：may not 表可能不≠禁止（禁止用 mustn’t）​ You may not smoke here.✘ You mustn’t smoke here.✔ 例1If you ______ (tell) me yesterday, I would know what to do now. 例2But for the storm, we ______ (arrive) on time. 【巩固训练】 In many schools, students ______ use mobile phones during class time according to the regulations. 【巩固训练】 —The project is due next Monday. —Don’t worry. We ______ complete it on time as we've made full preparations. · 考点二：情态动词表推测 解题策略 1. must表示肯定推测（只用于肯定句） 2. can’t表示否定推测（不可能） 3. may/might/could表示可能性推测 4. 注意对现在、过去、将来的不同推测结构 · 推测用法梳理 一、对现在情况的推测​ He must be in the library now.（肯定） She can’t be at home; her car isn't here.（否定） They may/might/could be watching TV.（可能） 二、对过去情况的推测 You must have seen the movie; everyone is talking about it. She can’t have taken the money; she was with me all day. He may/might/could have forgotten our appointment. 三、对将来情况的推测 It should be fine tomorrow after the rain stops. The train might be delayed due to the heavy snow. They ought to arrive by 6 o’clock if the traffic is good. 例1Look at the dark clouds. It ______ rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. 【巩固训练】Susan hasn’t arrived yet. She ______ (miss)the train, as there’s usually heavy traffic at this time. 【巩固训练】 —I saw Mr. Smith in the supermarket yesterday. —You ______ (see) him; he’s been abroad for a month. · 考点三：情态动词+have done 解题策略 1. should/ought to have done：过去应该做而实际未做 2. could/might have done：过去本能够/可能做而实际未做 3. needn't have done：过去不必做而实际做了 4. must have done：对过去情况的肯定推测 · 重要结构 一、批评/遗憾​ You should have told me the truth earlier. He ought to have been more careful with the expensive equipment. 二、本能够/可能​ I could have passed the exam if I had studied harder. We might have won the game with better preparation. 三、不必要 You needn’t have bought so much food; we're not very hungry. She needn’t have worried about the interview; it was quite easy. 四、肯定推测 The ground is wet; it must have rained last night. They must have worked all night to finish the project. 例1I ______ (finish) the report yesterday, but I was too busy with other assignments. 【巩固训练】You ______ (come) all the way to my office; I could have sent you the documents by email. 【巩固训练】The room is spotless. Someone ______ (clean) it thoroughly before we arrived. · 考点四：if条件句中的虚拟语气 解题策略 1. 准确判断虚拟时间（现在、过去、将来） 2. 掌握主从句谓语动词的对应形式 3. 注意错综时间条件句的时间搭配 例1______ (leave) earlier, I would have caught the first train. 【巩固训练】If I______ (be) more careful, the accident could have been avoided. 【巩固训练】What would you say if you ______ (meet) your favorite movie star? · 考点五：其他句型中的虚拟语气 解题策略 1. 识别特定句型结构（wish, as if, it's time等） 2. 判断虚拟时间并选择正确动词形式 3. 注意含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 · 重要句型 一、wish后的宾语从句​​ I wish I were taller.（现在） I wish I had studied harder when I was in high school.（过去） I wish I could travel around the world someday.（将来） 二、as if/though引导的方式状语从句​​ He talks as if he knew everything about the subject. She looked as if she had seen a ghost. It looks as if it were going to rain. 三、It’s (high/about) time that...​ It’s high time that we took action to protect the environment. It’s about time that you should make up your mind. 四、would rather后的宾语从句​ I would rather you didn’t smoke here. I would rather you had told me the truth yesterday. 五、建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句​​ The doctor suggested that he (should) give up smoking. They demanded that the work (should) be finished by Friday. 例1The manager insisted that the meeting ______ (be) postponed until next week. 【巩固训练】I’d rather you ______ (tell) me the truth instead of hiding it from me. 【巩固训练】It’s high time that we ______ (take) serious measures to address the environmental issues 一、单句语法填空 1. As the deadline is drawing near, no one leave with his own work uncompleted. 2. You take photos of people in Egypt without first asking for permission. 3. I actually have bought so much food — only three people came. 4. According to the newly-made traffic regulation, whoever drives through a red light be fined at least 200 dollars. 5. If a wisdom tooth brings you too much pain, you go to a dentist （牙医） and have it pulled out.  6. They also help you have a great smile. 7. Often, cultures be recognized by what the people believe. 8. Team building activities make a great difference when it comes to job satisfaction and organizational success. 9. They cause discomfort, but try to challenge these worries and replace them with more helpful thoughts. 10. If you have a problem with a product, local store owners, who even know you by name, are often willing to help. 11. My suggestion is that the problem (discuss) at the meeting as soon as possible. 12. If only I (be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky! 13. If only I ( know ) her name. 14. I would rather I (follow) your advice yesterday. 15. Dressed up, she looks as if she (be) ten years younger. 16. The official demanded that foods and other supplies (send) to the disaster area immediately. 17. The firefighters failed to save the dog’s owner because if they (walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too. 18. But for your timely help, we (lose) the match yesterday. 19. If I (be) at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors. 20. At the routine office meeting, the headmaster insisted the problems referred to (pay) special attention to. 二、句子翻译 1. 你可以把单子放在你旁边的桌子上。 2. 总之，我们必须尽最大努力做这项工作。 3. 黑猩猩会使用工具这一惊人的发现让她享誉全球。 4. 她怎么会对这样一个善良而负责任的男人发怒呢？ 5. 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ 6. 要是我知道她的名字就好了。 7. 若不是那些挑战，他永远无法达到现在的自己。 8. 如果当初我听从了他的建议，我本来是可以成功的。 9. 我是如此后悔，忍不住想，要是我考虑他们的建议就好了。 10. 我要是个子高一点就好了。 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：情态动词的基本用法（重点） 4 考点二：情态动词表推测（常考点） 9 考点三：情态动词+have done（难点） 13 考点四：if条件句中的虚拟语气（重点） 17 考点五：其他句型中的虚拟语气（难点） 19 实战精练与提升 34 一、考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气是高考英语的必考重点，主要考查： 情态动词表示推测、能力、许可等基本用法及区别 情态动词+have done结构的用法辨析 虚拟语气在条件句、宾语从句、主语从句等句型中的应用 二、命题分析 1.情态动词高频考点：推测用法及区别、否定式辨析、“情态动词 + have done” 语义差异（近 3 年占语法题 35%） 2.虚拟语气核心方向：含蓄条件句、名词性从句特殊句式、混合时态虚拟（易错点集中在错综时间条件 3.考查形式：单选（60%）、语法填空（30%）、书面表达语境应用（10%） 命题趋势：更加注重在真实语境中判断情态动词的语用功能，虚拟语气考查更注重错综时间条件句和含蓄条件句。 知识点1、情态动词的基本用法 ①表推测 情态动词 语气强度 适用句式 例句 must 最强 肯定句 You’re Tom’s roommate, so you must know his phone number. The ground is covered with snow, so it must have snowed last night. They must be preparing for the exam now. All the lights are on. can/could 较强（否定 / 疑问） 否定句 / 疑问句 It can’t be Mr. Li—he’s in Shanghai today. Could he have finished the task alone? She couldn’t have lied to me—I trust her. may/might 较弱 肯定句 / 否定句 Your mother may not agree with this plan. He might have missed the train—he left late. It may rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. ②表能力 / 许可 / 必要 功能 情态动词 关键特征 例句 能力 can/could can 表现在，could 表过去；was/were able to 表 “成功做到” Mary can speak three languages fluently. He could swim across the river when he was 10. Despite the injury, he was able to finish the race. 许可 can/could/may could/may 更委婉，肯定回答用 can May I come in, sir? You can borrow this book for two weeks. 必要 must/have to must 表主观，have to 表客观；否定用 needn’t We must hand in the report by Friday. It’s raining heavily, so we have to stay indoors. —Must I wait here? —No, you needn’t. 知识点2、 特殊结构：情态动词 + have done 结构 核心含义 例句 must have done 对过去的肯定推测 The door is locked—she must have gone out. He must have studied hard. He got full marks. They must have seen the film.It’s everywhere. should/ ought to have done 本应做却未做 You should have told me the truth earlier. She ought to have arrived by now. We should have prepared for the interview better. could have done 本可做却未做 I could have passed the exam with more effort. He could have helped you—why didn’t you ask? We could have caught the bus if we’d run faster. needn’t have done 本不必做却做了 You needn’t have bought so much food. She needn’t have come so early. It’s 8 o’clock now. We needn’t have taken umbrellas—it didn’t rain. 知识点3、 条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟类型 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句 与现在相反 过去式 （be 用 were） would/could/might/should +do If I were you, I would choose the blue one. If he had time, he could help us. If it snowed now, we might build a snowman. 与过去相反 had+done would/could/might/should +have done If you had called me, I would have come. If she had studied harder, she could have passed. 与将来相反 过去式 /should+do /were to do would/could/might/should +do If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the trip. If he should come, tell him to wait. If she were to marry him, she might regret it. 知识点4、 混合虚拟条件句 规则：从句与主句动作发生时间不同，谓语按各自时间调整 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句过去→主句现在） If it had rained last night, it would be cold today.（从句过去→主句现在） If she were more careful, she wouldn’t have made that mistake.（从句现在→主句过去） 知识点5、 含蓄虚拟条件句 标志词：without, but for, otherwise, or, but 等 Without electricity, human life would be quite different.(=If there were no electricity...) But for your help, we would have lost the game.(=If it hadn’t been for your help...) He was busy; otherwise, he would have come.(=If he hadn’t been busy...) 知识点6、 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 从句类型 触发词 谓语结构 例句 宾语从句 suggest, demand, order, request ... (should)+do I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting. He demanded that she (should) apologize. The teacher ordered that the work (should) be finished. 主语从句 It’s necessary/strange/ important that... (should)+do It’s necessary that we (should) wear masks. It’s strange that he (should) refuse the offer. It’s important that she (should) get enough rest. 知识点7、 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 句型 谓语结构 例句 wish +宾语从句 现在：过去式； 过去：had+done； 将来：would+do I wish I were a bird. I wish she had taken my advice. I wish it would stop raining. if only... 现在：过去式； 过去：had+done； 将来：would+do If only we knew where he is. If only the alarm had rung. If only it would be sunny tomorrow. as if/though 现在：过去式； 过去：had+done She looks as if she were ill. He talked as if he had known her. It seems as if it would snow. would rather + 宾语从句 现在 / 将来：过去式； 过去：had+done I would rather she came tomorrow. I would rather he didn’t go there. I would rather you hadn’t told him. It’s (high) time that... 过去式 / should+do It’s time that we went to bed. It’s high time that he should work hard. It’s time that they started preparing. · 考点一：情态动词的基本用法 解题策略 1. 根据语境判断情态动词的功能（推测、许可、义务等） 2. 注意情态动词的现在/过去形式对应关系 3. 区分must与have to的主观客观差异 · 情态动词表推测的三重陷阱 陷阱1：mustn’t 表禁止≠不必（不必用 needn’t）​ You mustn’t finish it today. ✘ You needn’t finish it today. ✔​ 陷阱2：could表过去能力≠过去推测​ He could swim at 5.（能力） He could have swum here.（推测）​ 陷阱3：may not 表可能不≠禁止（禁止用 mustn’t）​ You may not smoke here.✘ You mustn’t smoke here.✔ 例1If you ______ (tell) me yesterday, I would know what to do now. 【答案】had told 【解析】从句过去→用过去完成时，主句现在→用 would know。 例2But for the storm, we ______ (arrive) on time. 【答案】would have arrived 【解析】but for 表要不是，与过去相反。 【巩固训练】 In many schools, students ______ use mobile phones during class time according to the regulations.【答案】mustn’t 【解析】题干中according to the regulations（根据规定）明确提示句子表达的是学校规则对学生的限制，表示（按规则）禁止做某事的情态动词为mustn’t。 【巩固训练】 —The project is due next Monday. —Don’t worry. We ______ complete it on time as we've made full preparations. 【答案】can 【解析】答句中we've made full preparations（我们已做好充分准备，说明说话者对按时完成项目有明确的 能力支撑和 信心。表示有能力、有把握做某事的情态动词为can。 · 考点二：情态动词表推测 解题策略 1. must表示肯定推测（只用于肯定句） 2. can’t表示否定推测（不可能） 3. may/might/could表示可能性推测 4. 注意对现在、过去、将来的不同推测结构 · 推测用法梳理 一、对现在情况的推测​ He must be in the library now.（肯定） She can’t be at home; her car isn't here.（否定） They may/might/could be watching TV.（可能） 二、对过去情况的推测 You must have seen the movie; everyone is talking about it. She can’t have taken the money; she was with me all day. He may/might/could have forgotten our appointment. 三、对将来情况的推测 It should be fine tomorrow after the rain stops. The train might be delayed due to the heavy snow. They ought to arrive by 6 o’clock if the traffic is good. 例1Look at the dark clouds. It ______ rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. 【答案】may/might 【解析】Look at the dark clouds（看那些乌云）是推测依据，但乌云仅代表有下雨的可能，并非必然下雨。 【巩固训练】Susan hasn’t arrived yet. She ______ (miss)the train, as there’s usually heavy traffic at this time. 【答案】may have missed 【解析】 Susan hasn’t arrived yet（苏珊还没到）说明事情已发生（截至现在未到），there’s usually heavy traffic（通常这个时间交通拥堵）是推测未到原因的依据，且usually体现非绝对，仅为可能性。 【巩固训练】 —I saw Mr. Smith in the supermarket yesterday. —You ______ (see) him; he’s been abroad for a month. 【答案】can’t have seen 【解析】he’s been abroad for a month（他已经出国一个月了）是关键证据，直接与昨天在超市看到他的说法矛盾，说明看到他这件事绝对不可能发生。 · 考点三：情态动词+have done 解题策略 1. should/ought to have done：过去应该做而实际未做 2. could/might have done：过去本能够/可能做而实际未做 3. needn't have done：过去不必做而实际做了 4. must have done：对过去情况的肯定推测 · 重要结构 一、批评/遗憾​ You should have told me the truth earlier. He ought to have been more careful with the expensive equipment. 二、本能够/可能​ I could have passed the exam if I had studied harder. We might have won the game with better preparation. 三、不必要 You needn’t have bought so much food; we're not very hungry. She needn’t have worried about the interview; it was quite easy. 四、肯定推测 The ground is wet; it must have rained last night. They must have worked all night to finish the project. 例1I ______ (finish) the report yesterday, but I was too busy with other assignments. 【答案】should have finished 【解析】题干中yesterday明确动作发生在过去，but I was too busy但我当时忙着其他任务）是关键转折，直接暗示完成报告这件事本应做却没做。 【巩固训练】You ______ (come) all the way to my office; I could have sent you the documents by email. 【答案】needn’t have come 【解析】答句I could have sent you the documents by email（我本可以用邮件把文件发给你）是关键提示，说明来办公室这件事有更简便的替代方式，没必要做却做了。 【巩固训练】The room is spotless. Someone ______ (clean) it thoroughly before we arrived. 【答案】must have cleaned 【解析】The room is spotless（房间一尘不染）是客观证据，直接支撑有人打扫过的结论；“before we arrived”（在我们到之前）明确动作发生在过去，需用过去推测结构。spotless（完全干净）表示证据确凿，需用绝对肯定的推测语气。 · 考点四：if条件句中的虚拟语气 解题策略 1. 准确判断虚拟时间（现在、过去、将来） 2. 掌握主从句谓语动词的对应形式 3. 注意错综时间条件句的时间搭配 例1______ (leave) earlier, I would have caught the first train. 【答案】Had I left 【解析】主句would have caught明确提示该句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。因此原条件句应为If I had left earlier。当虚拟条件句的连词if省略时，需将句中的助动词 had提前至主语前。 【巩固训练】If I______ (be) more careful, the accident could have been avoided. 【答案】had been 【解析】判断虚拟时间与主句提示。主句could have been avoided 明确为与过去事实相反的虚拟。 【巩固训练】What would you say if you ______ (meet) your favorite movie star? 【答案】met 【解析】主句would you say是would do结构，提示该句是与现在 / 将来事实相反的虚拟。 · 考点五：其他句型中的虚拟语气 解题策略 1. 识别特定句型结构（wish, as if, it's time等） 2. 判断虚拟时间并选择正确动词形式 3. 注意含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 · 重要句型 一、wish后的宾语从句​​ I wish I were taller.（现在） I wish I had studied harder when I was in high school.（过去） I wish I could travel around the world someday.（将来） 二、as if/though引导的方式状语从句​​ He talks as if he knew everything about the subject. She looked as if she had seen a ghost. It looks as if it were going to rain. 三、It’s (high/about) time that...​ It’s high time that we took action to protect the environment. It’s about time that you should make up your mind. 四、would rather后的宾语从句​ I would rather you didn’t smoke here. I would rather you had told me the truth yesterday. 五、建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句​​ The doctor suggested that he (should) give up smoking. They demanded that the work (should) be finished by Friday. 例1The manager insisted that the meeting ______ (be) postponed until next week. 【答案】be 【解析】句中经理坚持（会议推迟），结合postponed until next week（推迟到下周）可知，此处 insist 表坚持要求做某事（而非坚持认为某事实），需用虚拟语气。 【巩固训练】I’d rather you ______ (tell) me the truth instead of hiding it from me. 【答案】told 【解析】I'd rather（我宁愿）是虚拟语气的典型标志，后接从句时需根据愿望针对的时间确定从句时态。 【巩固训练】It’s high time that we ______ (take) serious measures to address the environmental issues. 【答案】took / should take 【解析】It's high time that...（到了该做某事的时候了）是固定虚拟句式，强调 建议 / 催促做某事，暗含早该做却未做。 练 一、单句语法填空 1. As the deadline is drawing near, no one leave with his own work uncompleted. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：随着最后期限的临近，任何人都不得在自己的工作未完成的情况下离开。shall用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警告，符合句意。 2. You take photos of people in Egypt without first asking for permission. 【答案】mustn’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在埃及，未经许可不得拍摄他人照片。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“禁止，不许”，应用情态动词mustn’t。 3. I actually have bought so much food — only three people came. 【答案】needn’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：实际上我本不必买这么多食物的——只来了三个人。根据only three people came可知，此处是对过去的描述，表示“本不必做某事，但实际上做了”，应用needn’t have done。 4. According to the newly-made traffic regulation, whoever drives through a red light be fined at least 200 dollars. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：根据新制定的交通法规，凡是闯红灯的人必须被罚款至少200美元。根据traffic regulation和be fined可知，此空应是情态动词shall。shall常用于法律法规、规则或正式条文中，表示“义务、规定、必须”，强调强制性要求。 5. If a wisdom tooth brings you too much pain, you go to a dentist （牙医） and have it pulled out.  【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：如果一颗智齿给你带来太多疼痛，你应该去看牙医并把它拔掉。根据常识，当智齿带来太多疼痛时，应该去看牙医并拔掉，用情态动词should表示“应该”，符合语境。 6. They also help you have a great smile. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：它们还能帮助你拥有灿烂的笑容。强调主语具备“帮助你拥有灿烂笑容”的能力或可能性，用情态动词can。 7. Often, cultures be recognized by what the people believe. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：通常，文化可以通过人们的信仰来识别。结合句意，表示“可以，能”用情态动词can，与其后的be recognized构成含情态动词的被动语态。 8. Team building activities make a great difference when it comes to job satisfaction and organizational success. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在工作满意度和企业成功方面，团建活动能够起到很大作用。根据语境可知，此处表示“有能力、能够”。情态动词can可表示人或事物具备的能力。 9. They cause discomfort, but try to challenge these worries and replace them with more helpful thoughts. 【答案】may 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：它们可能会引起不适，但要努力挑战这些担忧，并用更有帮助的想法来取代它们。根据句意，“cause discomfort”表示一种可能性，用情态动词“may”表“可能”，符合语境。 10. If you have a problem with a product, local store owners, who even know you by name, are often willing to help. 【答案】may 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：如果你的产品有问题，当地的店主往往愿意帮助你，他们甚至可能知道你的名字。此处为不太确定的推测，应用情态动词may表示“可能”。 11. My suggestion is that the problem (discuss) at the meeting as soon as possible. 【答案】 (should) be discussed 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：我的建议是这个问题应该尽快在会议上讨论。分析句子结构可知，“suggestion（建议）”后接表语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，其结构为“（should） + 动词原形”，其中should可省略。再结合语义，the problem与discuss之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态（should） be discussed。 12. If only I (be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky! 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我是一只鸟，就能在天空中自由翱翔该多好啊！If only之后的句子应使用虚拟语气，由句意此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用一般过去时，be动词应用were的形式， 13. If only I ( know ) her name. 【答案】knew 【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：要是我知道她的名字就好了。分析句子可知，“if only”引导的句子常表示一种愿望，意为“要是…… 就好了”。如果表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句要用一般过去时（be 动词用 were）；如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句要用过去完成时。在这个句子中，“If only I knew her name.”表达的是现在我不知道她的名字，要是知道就好了，是与现在事实相反的愿望，所以用 know 的过去式 knew。 14. I would rather I (follow) your advice yesterday. 【答案】had followed 【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：我真希望昨天听从了你的建议。分析句子可知，“would rather”后接宾语从句时，若表示与过去事实相反的假设或愿望，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “had + 过去分词”形式。句中“yesterday” 明确提示是与过去事实相反的情况（即 “昨天没有听从建议”），因此“follow”需用过去完成时“had followed”。 15. Dressed up, she looks as if she (be) ten years younger. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：打扮起来，她看上去年轻了十岁。as if引导的表语从句与现在事实相反，使用一般过去时，be动词使用were。 16. The official demanded that foods and other supplies (send) to the disaster area immediately. 【答案】should be sent/be sent 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这位官员要求立即向灾区运送食品和其他物资。此处从句主语与谓语构成被动关系，且demand后跟宾语从句，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 17. The firefighters failed to save the dog’s owner because if they (walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too. 【答案】had walked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：消防队员未能救出狗的主人，因为如果他们踏上淤泥的话，他们也会沉下去。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，应用虚拟语气；与过去的事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。故填had walked。 18. But for your timely help, we (lose) the match yesterday. 【答案】would have lost 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是你及时地帮助，我们昨天就会输掉比赛。分析句子可知，句中“but for”（要不是）是含蓄虚拟条件句的标志，表明句子是对过去情况的假设。对于过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语动词应使用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”的结构。本句中，“lose the match”（输掉比赛）是过去可能发生的情况，因此应填“would have lost”。 19. If I (be) at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我在柬埔寨的家里，我就不得不去户外了。分析句子可知，本句是if引导的虚拟条件句，根据主句中的“would have to”可知，此处是对现在情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词应用一般过去时，be动词在虚拟语气中用were，符合语境。 20. At the routine office meeting, the headmaster insisted the problems referred to (pay) special attention to. 【答案】should be paid/be paid 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：在办公室例行会议上，校长坚持要特别注意提到的问题。分析句子结构，insisted后是一个省略了that的宾语从句，从句中主语是the problems，referred to是过去分词作后置定语修饰the problems，所以空处需要填谓语动词。insist“坚决要求”后接宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，其中should可省略。主语the problems和谓语动词pay attention to之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（should） be paid。 二、句子翻译 1. 你可以把单子放在你旁边的桌子上。 【答案】You can place the list on the table beside you. 【详解】考查情态动词。“可以”为“can”后接动词原形；“把……放在……上”用place... on...；“列表”为“the list ；“你旁边的桌子”为the table beside you。 2. 总之，我们必须尽最大努力做这项工作。 【答案】In a word, we must try our best to do the work. 【详解】考查固定短语和情态动词。根据句意，句子描述当前的必要性，使用一般现在时。表示“总之”为固定短语in a word，位于句首单词首字母大写；表示“我们”为we作主语，“必须”为情态动词must，后接动词原形，“尽最大努力做某事”为固定短语try one’s best to do sth.，“这项工作”为the work作宾语，主语是we，所以对应的形容词性物主代词为our。 3. 黑猩猩会使用工具这一惊人的发现让她享誉全球。 【答案】Her amazing discovery that chimpanzees can use tools has earned her global fame. 【详解】考查同位语从句和动词时态。根据提示词earn（赢得，使获得），结合句意，“这一惊人的发现”为主语，译为her amazing discovery，“让她享誉全球”作谓语和宾语，该句强调过去的发现对现在的影响，使用现在完成时，主语为单数，助动词用has，所以“让她享誉全球”可译为has earned her global fame；表示“黑猩猩会使用工具”是对discovery的解释说明，为同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导，译为that chimpanzees can use tools。 4. 她怎么会对这样一个善良而负责任的男人发怒呢？ 【答案】How could she be angry with such a kind and responsible man? 【详解】考查特殊疑问句和形容词短语。根据句意，句子为一般过去时的特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词“怎么”为how，情态动词could表委婉，“她”为she作主语，所以表示“她怎么会……呢”可译为how could she…；“对……发怒”为be angry with，位于情态动词后，使用动词原形；“这样一个善良而负责任的男人”为such a kind and responsible man，其中kind和responsible作定语修饰名词man，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 5. 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ 【答案】Can you tell me how the accident came about? 【详解】考查宾语从句和动词短语。表示“你能告诉我……吗？”为Can you tell me...；“事故是怎样发生的”为how引导的宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，“怎样”为how，“事故”为the accident作主语，“发生”为come about，因描述过去的事故，用过去式came，所以宾语从句译为how the accident came about。 6. 要是我知道她的名字就好了。 【答案】If only I knew her name. 【详解】考查虚拟语气。表示“要是……就好了”If only...；表示“我知道她的名字”，此处是对现在情况的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，“知道”翻译为knew，“她的名字”翻译为her name。 7. 若不是那些挑战，他永远无法达到现在的自己。 【答案】If not for the challenges, he would never have reached his current self. 【详解】考查固定短语和虚拟语气。“若不是”是if not for，是if引导的虚拟条件句，“那些挑战”是the challenges，“他永远无法达到现在的自己”表达与过去相反的事实，为主句，“永远无法”用would never have done sth.，“达到现在的自己”是reach his current self，reach用过去分词，因此整句话翻译为“If not for the challenges, he would never have reached his current self”。 8. 如果当初我听从了他的建议，我本来是可以成功的。 【答案】If I had followed his advice, I would have succeeded. 【详解】考查虚拟语气和固定短语。根据句意可知，句子描述的事情和过去事实相反，“如果”是if，引导虚拟条件句，条件句中用过去完成时，“听从某人的建议”是follow one’s advice，“他的”用his，“本来是可以做某事的”用would have done sth.，“成功”是succeed，用过去分词，因此整句话翻译为“If I had followed his advice, I would have succeeded”。 9. 我是如此后悔，忍不住想，要是我考虑他们的建议就好了。 【答案】So regretful was I that I can’t help thinking if only I had taken their advice into account/consideration. 【详解】考查时态、结果状语从句、倒装句、宾语从句。表示“我”用I，作主语，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，be动词用was。表示“如此……以至于……”用so...that...，引导结果状语从句，其中so后用形容词，表示“后悔的”用regretful，作表语，位于句首，引起半倒装句型。表示“我忍不住想”用I can’t help thinking。表示“要是我考虑他们的建议就好了”用if only“要是……就好了”引导的宾语从句，从句中：用I作主语；表示“听取某人的建议”用take sb’s advice into account/consideration，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句时态用过去完成时，谓语用had taken。 10. 我要是个子高一点就好了。 【答案】I wish I were taller. 【详解】考查虚拟语气。结合句意可知表示“希望”应用wish，后跟省略that的宾语从句，且从句表示现在不能实现的愿望，为虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词用were；表示“个子高一点”应用比较级taller。 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $