内容正文:
UNIT 4 Inventions
· 背记短语
01.
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02. in history 在历史上
03. in our daily lives 在我们的日常生活中
04. the features of great inventions 伟大发明的特点
05. new ways of living 新的生活方式
06. because of 因为;由于
07. come up with 想出;提出
08. different forms of transport 不同的交通形式
09. steam locomotive 蒸汽机车
010. decide to do sth 决定做某事
011. in search of sth 寻找某物
012. sources of food 食物来源
013. on foot 步行
014. continue doing/to do sth 继续做某事
015. across the globe 全球范围内
016. a number of 几个;若干
017. take place 发生;进行
018. for instance 例如;比如
019. in the Central Asian country 在中亚国家
020. start to do sth 开始做某事
021. ride horses 骑马
022. large amounts of 大量
023. change with the invention of 随着...的发明而改变
024. a few hundred years later 几百年后
025. for sure 肯定;确定
026. use sth to do sth 用某物做某事
027. attach ...to... 把...拴(附)在...上
028. horse-pulled vehicles 马拉车辆
029. be able to do sth 能够做某事
030. transport ... to... 运输...到...
031. far away 远处
032. international trade 国际贸易
033. change the way 改变方式
034. do business with 与...做生意
035. each other 彼此
036. walking paths 步行小道
037. hot-air balloon 热气球
038. safety bicycle 安全自行车
039. crewed spacecraft 载人航天器
040. in wet weather 在潮湿天气中
041. as a result 因此
042. (be) made of 由...制成
043. the arrival of ...的到来
044. road-building techniques 筑路技术
045. not only...but also... 不仅...而且...
046. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
047. all types of 所有类型的
048. the Industrial Revolution 工业革命
049. depend on 依靠;依赖
050. in our digitalized world 在我们的数字化世界中
051. such as 例如
052. 3D printer 3D打印机
053. without doubt 毫无疑问
054. one of the most important inventions 最重要的发明之一
055. of all time自古以来;有史以来
056. take notes 做笔记
057. remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
058. a world-changing invention 改变世界的发明
059. a feeling of 一种...的感觉
060. be sure about 对...有把握
061. (be) made by sb 由某人制造
062. in order for 为了
063. join A to B 把A连接到B
064. in a certain direction 在某个方向上
065. come about 发生
066. carry sth on one’s back 背东西
067. back then 那时
068. walk the same way 走同样的路;志同道合;殊途同归
069. thank you for 因…而感谢
070. make a prediction 做预测
071. make a statement 发表声明
072. make fun of 取笑;拿...开玩笑
073. have a look at 看一看
074. protect...from... 保护...免受...
075. sit back 轻松地坐下来;袖手旁观
076. be tired of 对...厌倦
077. turn on 打开
078. light up 点亮
079. come up 出现
080. keep safe 保持安全
081. cool down (使)冷却;(使)冷静
082. pick up 捡起
083. keep sth adj. 保持某物...样
084. find sth adj. 发现某物...样
085. make sth adj. 使某物...样
086. the top ten worst inventions 最糟糕的十大发明
087. as +adj./adv. as 和...一样(+形容词/副词)
088. not as/so +adj./adv. as 不如...一样(+形容词/副词)
089. in some way 在某种程度上
090. in the daytime 在白天
091. in the past 1,000 years 在过去的一千年里
092. movable type 活字
093. printing press 印刷机
094. light bulb 电灯泡
095. thanks to 多亏了
096. after all 毕竟
097. washing machine 洗衣机
098. a 14-year-old girl 一个14岁的女孩
099. at the end of 在...的末尾
0100. make sure 确保
0101. benefits of... ...的好处
0102. flying car 飞行汽车
0103. on land 在陆地上
0104. in the air 在空中
0105. a top speed of 300 km/h 最高时速300公里/小时
0106. be controlled by voice 由声音控制
0107. turn into 变成
0108. in 30 seconds 30秒后
0109. instead of 代替
0110. solar power 太阳能
0111. pollute the air 污染空气
0112. traffic jam 堵车;交通阻塞
0113. make sth n. 使某物成为...
0114. at the same time 同时
0115. four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明
0116. have a huge impact on 对...产生巨大影响
0117. the whole world 整个世界
0118. encounter with... 遇到,遇见;遭遇
0119. come true 实现;成真
0120. in bed 在床上
0121. fall asleep 入睡
0122. so ...that ... 如此...以至于...
0123. make type 铸字;排版
0124. cut...into... 把...刻到...;把...切成...
0125. bake...with... 用...烤...
0126. piece of type 印模;铅字
0127. thousands of 成千上万的
0128. spread out 铺开
0129. a mixture of 一种...的混合物
0130. fix...with... 用...固定住...
0131. heat up 加热
0132. so that 以便;为了
0133. press down 压下
0134. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事
0135. learn about 了解
0136. you know what 你知道吗,我跟你说;猜怎么着;明知故问
0137. introduce...to... 引进...到...;介绍...给...
0138. 400 years later 400年后
0139. at that time 在那时
0140. wake up 醒来
0141. movable-type printing technique 活字印刷术
0142. focus on 专注于
0143. notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事
0144. make ... from... 用...制造...
0145. different types of 不同类型的
0146. physical science 物理科学
0147. steam engine 蒸汽机
0148. at greater depths 在更深处
0149. mine for 开采;挖掘
0150. improve on 改进;对...加以改良
0151. original design 原始设计
0152. add...to... 把...加到...上
0153. in turn 后来;相应地;反过来
0154. play a huge role in 在...中发挥巨大作用
0155. compare...to... 把...和...相比较
0156. be named after 以...命名
0157. improvement process of... ...的优化流程
0158. ways of solving this problem 解决这个问题的方法
0159. cycle/ride to school 骑车上学
0160. carry around 随身携带
0161. folding helmet 折叠头盔
0162. fit into 塞进;融入
0163. in the dark 在黑暗中
0164. present...to... 展示...给...
· 词性转换
01. central adj. 在中心的 →centre n. 中心;中央
02. although conj. 虽然;尽管;即使 →though conj. 虽然; 尽管 adv. 不过; 然而
03. attach v. 把……固定;把……附(在……上) →attached adj. 所附的;连接的 →attachment n. 附件
04. international adj. 国际的 →national adj. 国家的;民族的 →nation n. 国家;民族
05. technique n. 技巧;技艺 →technical adj. 技术的;专业的;技巧性的
06. depend v. 需要;依靠 →dependent adj. 依赖的 →independent adj. 独立的;自主的 →dependence n. 依赖 →independence n. 独立
07. doubt n. 疑惑;疑问 →doubtful adj. 可疑的;不确定 →doubtless adj. 无疑的
08. personally adv. 就个人意见 →personal adj. 个人的;私人的 →personality n. 性格;品质 →person n. 人;个人
09. prediction n. 预言;预测* →predict n. 预测 →predictor n. 预测家;预言家
010. statement n. 说明 →state v. 说明;声明
011. benefit n. 益处;优势 →beneficial adj. 有益的;有利的
012. distance n. 距离 →distant adj. 遥远的
013. anywhere adv. 在(或去)任何地方 →somewhere adv. 某处 →everywhere adv. 到处 →nowhere adv. 无处,不在某处
014. type n. (印刷用的)活字;类型 v. 打字 →typist n. 打字员 →typical adj. 典型的;平常的
015. mixture n. 混合物* →mix v. 混合;融合 →mixed adj. 混合的
016. press v. (被)压 →pressure n. 压力
017. weight n. 重量 →weigh v. 重,重量是…
018. balloon n. 气球 p. 53
019. wheel n. 轮;车轮 p. 52
020. pull v. 拉;拽;扯;拖 p. 52
021. path n. 小路;小径 p. 52
022. wing n. (飞行器的)翅膀;机翼 p. 60
023. petrol n. 汽油 p. 60
024. avoid v. 避免;防止 p. 60
025. notice v. 看(或听)到;注意到 p. 62
026. heat v. 加热;变热 p. 62
027. metal n. 金属 p. 62
· 课文佳句
01. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 尽管这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快,但运输大量货物仍然是一项艰巨的任务。
02. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the invention of the wheel. 然而,几百年后,随着轮子的发明,一切都改变了。
03. Later, they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things. 后来,他们意识到他们也能用它们来运输人和物品。
04. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. 农民们突然能够将他们的货物运送到远方的市场。
05. The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other, but it wasn’t perfect. 轮子改变了村庄、城镇甚至国家彼此之间的贸易方式,但它并不完美。
06. These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. 这些老路在潮湿天气下很快变得极难行走。
07. As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel. 因此,在轮子出现之后,第一条石路出现了。
08. The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. 轮子不仅改变了人类的出行方式,还使我们能够制造出各种令人惊叹的机器。
09. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 毫无疑问,轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。
010. That’s how horse-pulled vehicles came about. 这就是马拉车出现的原因。
011. They put things in the vehicles, attached the horses and off they went! 他们把东西放进车里,套上马,就出发了!
012. It was so much easier for a horse to pull something than carry it on its back. 用马拉东西比用马背驮东西要容易得多。
013. There is no doubt that the wheel is the greatest invention of all time! 毫无疑问轮子是有史以来最伟大的发明!
014. Many people think these inventions make the world a worse place to live in. 许多人认为这些发明让世界变成一个更糟糕的居住地。
015. With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. 有了电灯,人们晚上能做的事情和白天一样多。
016. I think movable type is the best invention in the past 1,000 years. 我认为活字印刷术是过去1000年里最棒的发明。
017. Thanks to this, people could have books to read. 多亏了这一点,人们才能有书可读。
018. It has been almost as important as the movable type. 它几乎一直与活字印刷术同等重要。
019. After all, life would be much worse without them! 毕竟,没有它们,生活会糟糕得多!
020. Which invention do you think is more important, the printing press or the light bulb? 你认为哪项发明更重要,印刷机还是电灯泡?
021. When you ride the bicycle, it moves the clothes around the washing machine. 当你骑自行车时,它会带动洗衣机里的衣物转动。
022. It can run on land and fly in the air. 它既能在陆地上行驶,也能在空中飞翔。
023. You can travel farther distances in less time. 你可以用更少的时间走更远的路。
024. If you shout “Fly!”, the car will turn into a plane in 30 seconds. 如果你喊“飞行”,汽车将在30秒后变成飞机。
025. Instead of petrol, the car uses solar power, so it will not pollute the air. 这辆车使用太阳能而不是汽油,因此它不会污染空气。
026. As there are more cars on the road, there are more traffic jams. 随着路上汽车数量的增加,交通堵塞也愈发严重。
027. My invention will help people avoid traffic jams. 我的发明将帮助人们避免交通拥堵。
028. People can fly anywhere they like and enjoy the view at the same time. 人们可以飞往他们喜欢的任何地方,同时欣赏风景。
029. She was reading a book about the history of printing when she fell asleep. 她正在读一本关于印刷史的书,读着读着就睡着了。
030. Suddenly, Jane found herself inside a big room. 突然,Jame发现自己身处一个大房间之中。
031. He was so busy that he didn’t notice her. 他太忙了,以至于没有注意到她。
032. I’m going to print a book, so I’m making type. 我要印一本书,所以正在铸字。
033. First, I cut characters into pieces of clay. Then I bake them with fire to make them hard. 首先,我把字刻在黏土片上。然后,我用火把它们烧硬。
034. After that, heat it up so that the mixture will melt. 之后,加热以使混合物融化。
035. You know what, the German craftsman Gutenberg improved your invention and introduced metal movable type to Europe about 400 years later. 你知道吗,大约400年后,德国工匠古腾堡(Gutenberg)改进了你的发明,并将金属活字引入欧洲。
036. This new steam engine could be used in many more ways. 这种新型蒸汽机可以用在许多更多的方面。
037. His invention in turn played a huge role in what is now known as the Industrial Revolution. 他的发明后来在如今称作工业革命中发挥了巨大作用。
038. It is difficult for old people to climb stairs. 对于老年人来说,爬楼梯很困难。
· 本单元语法提要:形容词比较级&最高级
A. 不规则的比较级和最高级
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
B. 同级比较
若表示某人或某物在某一方面和另外一个人或物一样,可以使用as...as句型。
01. as+形容词或副词原级+as... “和……一样”。
eg. He runs as fast as you. 他跑得跟你一样快。
翻译:这个笑话和那个一样好笑。
02. not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as... “不如……”。
eg. She isn’t as/so outgoing as Mary. 她的性格不如玛丽外向。
翻译:他做作业不如凯特认真。
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