专题10 主谓一致（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题10 主谓一致 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 主谓一致核心原则 八大高频主谓一致场景 进阶分级练 高考学考英语对主谓一致的考查聚焦核心原则与语境应用，常融合多语法点综合设题。作为历年高频考点，其核心要求围绕语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三大原则展开，需考生精准判断主语单复数——既包括集体名词（如family）根据语境表整体或成员时的数的变化，也涵盖news、physics等带“s”后缀的单数名词特殊用法。同时，分数、百分数修饰名词时，谓语动词需与被修饰词保持数的一致，这也是命题重点所在，体现对语法规则细节的考查要求。 从考查形式与载体来看，主谓一致极少单独命题，多与动词时态、语态结合，分布在语法填空、短文改错两大题型中，近三年高考相关考点考查频次达十余次。题目多依托鲜活语篇语境。这种设置要求考生在理解语篇含义的基础上，兼顾语法规则与语境逻辑，避免孤立记忆规则。 备考需重点突破特殊句式与复杂主语的一致问题，这也是命题难点所在。主语后接with、as well as等短语时，谓语动词需与前面的主语保持一致；what引导的主语从句、定语从句中的关系代词指代（如“only one of+复数名词”后从句谓语用单数）、倒装句中的主语判断等场景，均为高频易错点。命题趋势显示，语境综合化程度持续提升，考生需建立“规则记忆—语境分析—逻辑验证”的解题思维，既能掌握固定搭配与句式规律，又能结合语篇时态、语义准确判断谓语形式。 一、主谓一致核心原则 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在 “人称” 和 “数” 上必须保持一致，核心遵循 “语法一致”“意义一致” 和 “就近一致” 三大原则。 二、八大高频主谓一致场景 1. 单数主语 + 单数谓语 【基本规则】不可数名词、单数可数名词（a/an + 名词、the + 单数名词）作主语时，谓语用单数形式。 例句 1：Water is essential for human life. 水对人类生命至关重要。（不可数名词 water 作主语，谓语用 is） 例句 2：A new library will be built in our school next year. 我们学校明年将新建一座图书馆。（单数可数名词 library 作主语，谓语用 will be built） 2. 复数主语 + 复数谓语 【基本规则】可数名词复数（名词 + s/es）、表示复数的代词（we/you/they 等）作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 例句 1：These books belong to my brother. 这些书是我哥哥的。（复数名词 books 作主语，谓语用 belong） 例句 2：They have finished their homework on time. 他们已经按时完成了作业。（复数代词 they 作主语，谓语用 have finished） 3. 集体名词的主谓一致（意义一致原则） 【基本规则】集体名词（如 family, class, team, group 等）作主语时，若表示 “整体”，谓语用单数；若表示 “集体中的成员”，谓语用复数。 例句 1：Our family is going to visit Beijing this summer. 我们家今年夏天要去北京旅游。（family 表 “整体”，谓语用 is going） 例句 2：The family are arguing about where to go for dinner. 这家人正在争论去哪里吃晚饭。（family 表 “家庭成员”，谓语用 are arguing） 4. “分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语（意义一致原则） 【基本规则】谓语动词的单复数由 “of 后面的名词” 决定（名词是单数 / 不可数，谓语用单数；名词是复数，谓语用复数）。 例句 1：Two-thirds of the land is covered with forests. 三分之二的土地被森林覆盖。（of 后是不可数名词 land，谓语用 is） 例句 2：Sixty percent of the students in our class are interested in English. 我们班 60% 的学生对英语感兴趣。（of 后是复数名词 students，谓语用 are） 5. “neither...nor.../either...or.../not only...but also...” 连接主语（就近一致原则） 【基本规则】谓语动词的单复数由 “靠近谓语的主语” 决定（即 “就近原则”）。 例句 1：Neither my father nor my mother likes coffee. 我爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢咖啡。（靠近谓语的主语是 my mother，单数，谓语用 likes） 例句 2：Not only the teacher but also the students are looking forward to the holiday. 不仅老师，学生们也在期待假期。（靠近谓语的主语是 the students，复数，谓语用 are） 6. “there be” 句型（就近一致原则） 【基本规则】be 动词的单复数由 “靠近 be 动词的名词” 决定。 例句 1：There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两支笔。（靠近 be 的是单数名词 a book，用 is） 例句 2：There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌子上有两支笔和一本书。（靠近 be 的是复数名词 two pens，用 are） 7. 单数形式表复数意义的名词（特殊规则） 【基本规则】某些名词（如 people, police, cattle 等）形式上是单数，意义上是复数，谓语用复数。 例句 1：The police are searching for the missing child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。（police 表复数，谓语用 are searching） 例句 2：People in this village are very friendly. 这个村子里的人很友好。（people 表复数，谓语用 are） 8. “the + 形容词” 作主语（意义一致原则） 【基本规则】“the + 形容词”（如 the poor, the old, the young）表示 “一类人” 时，谓语用复数；表示 “一种抽象概念” 时，谓语用单数。 例句 1：The old are taken good care of in this community. 这个社区里的老人得到了很好的照顾。（the old 表 “老年人”，复数，谓语用 are） 例句 2：The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 美丽的事物不一定等同于美好的事物。（the beautiful 表 “抽象的美”，单数，谓语用 is） 三、易错点提醒 1.误将 “集体名词” 统一视为单数：如 “class” 表 “班级成员” 时，谓语需用复数（The class are discussing a problem. 全班正在讨论一个问题）。 2.忽略 “就近原则”：如 “neither...nor...” 连接主语时，必须看 “靠近谓语的主语”（Neither he nor I am wrong. 他和我都没错，靠近谓语的是 I，用 am）。 3.混淆 “单数形式表复数” 的名词：如 “cattle”（牛群）不可用 a cattle，谓语必须用复数（The cattle are eating grass. 牛群正在吃草）。 考点精讲讲练 1．Linda, as well as her sisters, _______ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．was given C．are given D．were given 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：琳达和她的姐妹们上周回到村子时受到了热烈欢迎。give(给，送给)是主句谓语动词，与主语Linda之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“last week”可知，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语后的“as well as her sisters”附加结构不影响主语的人称和数，主语Linda是专有名词，谓语用单数形式was given。故选B项。 2．In the last few years, many a film ________ all over the world. A．have produced B．has been produced C．is producing D．are being produced 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，世界各地制作了许多电影。根据句中“In the last few years”可知，句子应用现在完时，“many a film”和“produce”为被动关系，故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，“many a +可数名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故空格处应用“has been produced”。故选B项。 3．No sooner had the movie come out than Simon as well as other reviewers ________ to comment on it. A．is invited B．has invited C．were invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态、语态主谓一致。句意：这部电影一上映，西蒙以及其他影评人就被邀请对其进行评论。 选“No sooner...than...”结构中，“no sooner”后的句子用过去完成时，“than”后的句子用一般过去时，所以时态应是一般过去时，又因为“Simon as well as other reviewers”与“invite” 之间是被动关系，即 “被邀请”，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as适用就远原则，谓语用单数形式“was invited”。故选D。 4．The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months. A．has given B．have given C．gave D．were giving 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里已经举行了十场演出。根据句中的时间状语“in the last three months”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，其结构为“have/has+done”；当主语由along with连接时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致，此处与“The musician”一致，助动词用has，故空格处应填has given。故选A。 5．More than one boy of your members ________ to act in the short play, which ________ tomorrow. A．are; is to be performed B．are; is to perform C．is; is to be performed D．is; are to be performed 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：你们成员中不止一个男孩要在明天演出的短剧中扮演角色。“More than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。非限定性定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词the short play，单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。the short play和perform之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。 1．— Which would you like, tea or coffee? — Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．is, to B．are, with C．is, with D．are, to 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致和介词辨析。句意：——你想要茶还是咖啡？——两者任何一个都可以，但是我更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡。either意为“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以第一空用is；prefer...to...意为“比起……更喜欢……”，prefer...with...意为“更喜欢有……的……”，根据句意“我更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡”可知，第二空用with。故选C项。 2．The construction of the new bridge, together with several surrounding roads, _______ expected_______ by the end of next year to ease the traffic congestion. A．is ... to be completed B．are ... to complete C．is...completed D．are ... being completed 【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：这座新桥的建设，连同周边的几条道路，预计将在明年年底前完工，以缓解交通拥堵。第一空是谓语动词，主语后接“together with”，谓语动词的单复数需与前面的主语保持一致，句子主语是The construction of the new bridge，为单数概念，第一空填is；第二空，固定搭配be expected to do sth意为“预计做某事”，空处为动词不定式，The construction与complete是被动关系，即“工程被完成”，因此需用动词不定式的被动形式。故选A。 3．In the past few years, WeChat as well as telephones ________ an important part in our daily communication. A．has played B．have played C．is playing D．play 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年里，微信和电话在我们的日常交流中发挥了重要作用。空处作句子的谓语，结合“In the past few years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与第一个主语WeChat保持一致，因此助动词使用has。故选A。 4．Professor Green, together with some of his students, _________ to attend an important meeting last Sunday. A．invited B．had invited C．was invited D．were invited 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态语态以及主谓一致。句意：上周日，格林教授和他的一些学生被邀请参加一个重要会议。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语last Sunday可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语Professor Green和动词invite之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”。“together with”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数需与前面的主语Professor Green保持一致，所以be动词用was。故选C。 5．With more forests being destroyed in that area, a quantity of land ______ deserts each year. A．has been turned into B．have been turned into C．is being turned into D．are being turned into 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着更多的森林在这个地区被破坏，每年都有大量的土地正被变成沙漠。根据each year和表示“每年有大量的土地正变成沙漠”可知，句子为现在进行时态。且turn into和land之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时态的被动语态，构成为be being done。句子的谓语动词的单复数根据quantity的单复数确定，quantity是单数，谓语动词用单数，quantity是复数，谓语动词用复数，此处为a quantity of+名词作主语，所以be动词用is。故选C。 6．It is the first time that more than one ancient painting ______ to the public outside the museum. A．are displayed B．has been displayed C．have been displayed D．is displayed 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是首次在博物馆外向公众展出多幅古画。句中使用固定句型“It is the first time that...”，that引导的从句需用现在完成时；主语“more than one ancient painting”与“display”是被动关系，所以此处为现在完成时的被动语态，more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以谓语动词为has been displayed。故选B项。 7．The final exam is so difficult that ________ student ________ it. A．over one; has failed B．more than one; has failed C．one more; have failed D．many a; have failed 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：期末考试太难了，以至于不止一个学生考试不及格。more than one是固定表达，意为“不止一个”，后接单数名词student。尽管意义上表示复数，但语法上要求单数动词has failed。over one不是习惯表达；one more“另一个”和many a修饰单数名词时，动词必须用单数形式。故选B。 8．The number of participants who ________ their applications ________ our expectations. A．has submitted; has exceeded B．has submitted; have exceeded C．have submitted; has exceeded D．have submitted; have exceeded 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：提交申请的参与者人数已经超出了我们的预期。“who (submit) their applications”是一个定语从句，submit(提交)作从句谓语，与主语who (即先行词participants)之间是主动关系，强调已经发生的事情对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，主语是复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式have submitted；exceed(超出)是主句谓语，与主语“The number of participants”之间是主动关系，强调已经发生的事情对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，且“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，即has exceeded。故选C项。 9．Kate as well as her sister interested in studying English. A．are B．take C．takes D．is 【答案】D 【解析】考查主谓一致、时态和固定短语。句意：凯特和她的妹妹都对学习英语感兴趣。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be interested in…”，意为“对……感兴趣”，句子陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，“as well as”意为“和”，连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据前面的“Kate”判断，故“be”转换为“is”。故选D项。 10．The remains of my New Year’s resolutions _______ dusty gym clothes, and what remains of my ambition _______ this half-eaten bag of chips. A．are; are B．is; are C．is; is D．are; is 【答案】D 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我的新年决心只剩下满是灰尘的运动服，而我的雄心壮志只剩下这袋吃了一半的薯片。分析句子结构和语法规则：“the remains of...”表示 “……的剩余部分；…… 的遗迹”，这里的“remains”是复数概念，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以“The remains of my New Year’s resolutions”这一主语对应的谓语动词要用复数，A选项和D选项中的“are”符合这一要求。“what remains of...”是一个主语从句，在这个句子中，“what remains of my ambition”这个主语从句作主语，把它看成一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。综合以上分析，第一个空应填“are”，第二个空应填“is”。故选D项。 训练 一、单项选择 1．In the past, there ______ large amounts of land ______ China. A．was; belongs to B．were; belonging to C．were; belongs to D．was; belonging to 2．Neither Saturday nor Sunday ________ OK because I will be busy these two days. A．are B．is C．am D．be 3．Neither my classmates nor I __________ by our teacher yesterday. A．am punished B．was punished C．were punished D．had been punished 4．Not only my parents but also my daughter __________ this documentary. A．like B．is like C．are like D．likes 5．Either you or your partners _________ to attend the meeting there. A．is B．are C．were D．will be 6．The new film is showing in the theater. Not only the students but also their teacher ________ the film now. A．is enjoying B．enjoy C．are enjoying D．enjoyed 7．Not only I but also Tom and Mary ________ fond of watching television. A．are B．am C．is D．be 8．Either John or his friends ________ to blame for the bad results. A．are B．is C．be D．am 9．Neither you nor he ________ trouble settling the problem, but what worries us ________ whether you can adapt yourself to your new life. A．has; is B．has; are C．have; is D．have; are 10．Either you or one of your students____________ to attend the meeting there. A．is B．are C．were D．be 11．The number of_____ in our class ____ fifty. A．student; is B．the student; are C．the students; is 12．As a result of destroying the forests， a large________ of desert________ covered the land． A．number；has B．amount；has C．number；have D．amount；have 13．Each soldier and sailor________ given a rifle when the ship landed. A．were B．was C．are D．is 14．The number of the students in the competition _______written down already. A．have been B．has been C．are D．is 15．—The education system rather than the teachers_______to answer for the heavy burden on the students. —I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country at present will bring about the _______results. A．are; desired B．is; desired C．are; desiring D．is; desiring 16．The number of teenagers who commit crimes _________ 20% over the past years. A．have been reduced by B．has been reduced by C．have been reduced to D．has been reduced to 17．With rural ecosystem improving, the number of tourists to villages ________ year by year. A．have increased B．increases C．is increasing D．are increasing 18．More than one student ___ been sent to Japan since 2000. More than one hundred students ___ been sent to Japan since 2000. A．have; have B．has; has C．have; has D．has; have 19．Huge quantities of fresh water ___________ there since the serious drought in the southern parts of china. A．have sent B．has sent C．has been sent D．have been sent 20．When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of heat ______________ back into space A．are reflected B．is reflected C．reflects D．were reflected 21．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ___________ evening dress. A．wear B．have been worm C．has been worn D．wears 22．The number of people, who have access to their own cars, ______ sharply in the past decade. A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen 23．This is the first time that the whole process of a black hole _______ eating a star, from its first to nearly final bites. A．was seen B．has been seen C．has seen D．had seen 24．In the last few years, the Great Shakespeare Book Hunt ____one of the best activities during Shakespeare Week. A．is B．has been C．was D．have been 25．What we need ________ good textbooks. A．is B．are C．have D．has 26．I ________ from the US, and he ________ from Tianjin. A．am, is B．am, are C．is, are D．am, am 27．The news of the earthquake ______ when a large quantity of relief supplies _______ to the disaster-stricken area． A．was hardly spread; was delivered B．was hardly spread; were delivered C．had hardly spread; was delivered D．had hardly spread; were delivered 28．There ________ some bread and two cakes in the plate. A．are B．is C．have D．has 29．This is the only one of the students the truth. A．that knows B．that know C．which knows D．who know 30．The Bridge to Song Dynasty, but it is still in good condition. A．dates back B．is dating back C．dated back D．is dated back 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Who is smarter？A human being or artificial intelligence？The question 31 （sweep）across the world when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player. So，what comes next？ Some people are pessimistic，saying that the full development of artificial intelligence， 32 AI in short，could mean the end of the human race. So are we really about to live in the world 33 （show）in the Terminator（终结者）movies？ “Not quite，”answered John Markoff of The New York Times， 34 is optimistic about the future. “We think that，for the human beings，things like sight and balance， 35 （be）natural and ordinary in our life. Also，we humans are better at making 36 （adjust）to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can 37 （true）begin to be similar to the human brain，even though the technology can be great.” Meanwhile，John Markoff said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more 38 （effect）. “Our fate（命运）is 39 our own hands，”he added.“Since technology depends on the values of 40 (it) creators, we can choose to use technology to improve the world.” 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Like other big cities, Paris has also a traffic problem: lots of cars, traffic jams and traffic pollution. So since 2007, the city 41 (start) a plan to improve the situation. Under a project, people can take a bicycle, use it as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station. The first half-hour is free, 42 if you don’t return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay. It’s only $1 or $29 a year. The bicycles are as heavy as 25 kilograms, and they’re all grey and have baskets. There’re a large number of 43 (they) in the city, and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations! Paris isn’t the first city to operate a project like this. One Parisian said, “These bicycles are only suitable for short 44 (journey). If people want to travel across the city, they won’t use a bicycle — they’ll still use their cars.” A city spokesman said, “The bicycle project won’t solve all our traffic problems, but it might work in 45 (reduce) air pollution. Traffic, together with factory fumes, 46 (be) a big problem. Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes — we know this is partly because rainforests are 47 (gradual) disappearing. And it’s also because there’s so much pollution. There aren’t any simple answers 48 traffic problems and pollution in cities, but the bicycles might help people lead 49 healthier life. Unless we do something now, there’ll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even 50 (bad).” 3 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 China’s new hit TV show To the Wonder has made Altay a new 51 (strike) tourism destination among young people, who are attracted by the breathtaking views and the simple and heartwarming lives of the local residents. 52 (adapt) from My Altay, a collection of prose by Chinese author Li Juan, the series tells the story of Li Wenxiu, a young woman who returned to her hometown Altay after having setbacks. Since its premiere on May 7, To the Wonder has become 53 hit. With the help of 4K ultra-HD cameras, the series captures the untouched beauty of Altay 54 grassland stretches for miles against the snow-capped mountains, and flocks of sheep graze leisurely on pastures. 55 the vivid display of nomadic culture, people also love the show for its 56 (character) and their stories. They celebrate the fun of ordinary life and reflect our common humanity. Once we’ve seen the world and satisfied our material needs, we start to look inside, to search for a sense of peace and satisfaction and to realize our self-worth. It is 57 (probable) this re-connection with one’s inner world and the desire for true beauty 58 draws so many viewers in. It’s not the first time in recent years that a hit show 59 (help) turn its location into a popular tourism destination. In January 2023, the TV drama Meet Yourself made Dali in Yunnan province a popular tourism destination. Xiao Peng, a researcher from travel agency, said that the local authorities or tourism companies can make the most of tour products by combining natural views and cultural elements in Altay 60 (improve) people’s travel experiences. 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiangsu City Football League, often 61 (call) “Su Chao” for short, is a popular amateur football league in Jiangsu Province. It aims to encourage ordinary people to take part 62 sports and live a healthy lifestyle. The players, 63 love playing football very much, are people from all walks of life, regardless of their age or skill level. For them, “Su Chao” not only provides a chance 64 (win) games, but also helps to make new friends and reduce stress from work or study. Watching a “Su Chao” match can be very exciting. The players may not be professional (职业的) enough to match those famous football 65 (star), but their passion for football is equally strong. They always try their best to fight. Audiences from different cities come to cheer for their home players, creating 66 friendly and lively atmosphere (氛围). Since the very start, “Su Chao” 67 (become) increasingly well-received, and has been enjoying great 68 (popular) across the whole country. It has played a key role in promoting football culture in the province and has boosted tourism as well. If you are 69 (interest) in watching the game, you can apply for tickets online. It 70 (be) a wonderful experience for anyone who loves football to watch the match. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：过去，有大量的土地属于中国。根据in the past可知，句子为一般过去时；there be句型中主语large amounts of land是复数概念，谓语动词应用复数形式；第二空作后置定语修饰land，belong to“属于”没有被动语态，故用现在分词作定语。故选B。 2．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：星期六和星期天都不行，因为这两天我很忙。neither ... nor ...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。在本句中，离谓语动词较近的名词为Sunday，是单数形式，所以谓语动词也用单数形式。故选B。 3．B 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天我和我的同学都没有受到老师的惩罚。punish(惩罚)是谓语动词，与主语my classmates和I之间是被动关系，结合时间状语yesterday可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，又因neither...nor...连接名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，故助动词用was。故选B项。 4．D 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅我的父母而且我的女儿也喜欢这部纪录片。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，所以使用动词like意为“喜欢”，like作为介词时意为“像……一样”，不符合句意，not only…but also…连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，所以like与my daughter保证一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故选D项。 5．B 【解析】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：你或你的合作伙伴都要参加那里的会议。根据语境可知事情发生在将来，故时态用一般将来时，结合空后的to attend可知，本句用be to do表将来，排除选项C和D。either... or...连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则，此处应与or后的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致，而or后为your partners，表示复数数意义，由此可知be动词用are。故选B。 6．A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这部新电影正在电影院放映。现在不仅学生们而且他们的老师也在欣赏这部电影。enjoy是谓语动词，根据时间状语now可知，描述现在阶段正在发生的事情，用现在进行时态，“Not only the students but also their teacher”作主语，遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词与their teacher保持主谓一致，应用单数形式。故选A项。 7．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意： 不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。“not only...but also...”连接并列的主语时，谓语动词要与but also后面的主语Tom and Mary一致，即遵循就近原则，故选A项。 8．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不是约翰就是他的朋友要为糟糕的结果负责。并列主语由Either…or…连接时，遵循就近原则，谓语应和后面的主语his friends表示一致，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，be动词使用are。故选A。 9．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：你和他解决这个问题都没有困难，但让我们担心的是你能否适应新生活。but前面分句的主语是Neither...nor...连接的主语，谓语应和后面的he保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。but后面分句的主语是what引导的主语从句，所以谓语应用单数形式。故选A。 10．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不是你就是你的一个学生去参加那里的会议。在由either…or…连接主语的句子中谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式，one of + 名词复数 + 谓语动词单数。故选A。 11．C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们班的学生人数是五十人。the number of 表示“……的数量”，后跟可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。故选C。 12．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：由于破坏森林，大量的沙漠已经覆盖了土地。分析句子可知，desert（名词，沙漠）是不可数名词，所以排除AC（ a large number of …修饰可数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数）； a large amount of 修饰不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数；故选B。 13．B 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：船着陆时，每个士兵和水手都得到了一把步枪。根据when the ship landed，应该是一般过去时，可知应排除C和D项，且“each/every A and B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语，故应用was。故选B。 14．B 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：参加比赛的学生人数已经被写下来了。根据后文already可知应用现在完成时，且主语中the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，即助动词用has。故选B。 15．B 【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：—应该是教育系统而不是教师来为学生的沉重负担负责。—我同意。我希望我国目前正在进行的改革会带来预期的效果。首先看第一个空，当句中有rather than（而不是）时，句子谓语动词的数与rather than前面的主语保持一致，The education system为单数形式，故谓语动词应用is。再看第二个空，空格所在句为宾语从句，从句谓语动词为bring about且句中无连词，故应用desire的非谓语动词形式作定语修饰results。results（结果）与desire（期望）之间为被动关系，即结果被期望，应用desire的过去分词形式desired。故选B项。 16．B 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：过去这些年，青少年犯罪率减少了20%。be reduced to…是指“降低到……（某个位置、具体数目）”，而be reduced by…则是指“降低了……（by后面跟降低的具体幅度，通常为百分比）”。这里20%是指程度，不是具体数值，所以这里用be reduced by。句子主语为the number of sth，动词用第三人称单数形式has been reduced by。故选B项。 17．C 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：随着乡村生态系统的改善，到乡村旅游的人数正在逐年增加。此处强调动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，且the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选C。 18．D 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2000年以来，不止一名学生被派往日本。自2000年以来，已有100多名学生被派往日本。首先分析第一个空，根据句意和since 2000可判断出句子陈述的是自2000年到现在的事实，故应用现在完成时，且student与send之间为逻辑上的被动关系，学生被派往日本，故用现在完成时的被动语态，句式为“主语+have/has been+动词的过去分词”。more than one+单数可数名词，意为“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故第一个空填has。再看第二个空，判定时态的方法与第一个空一致，也是现在完成时的被动语态。more than+复数可数名词，意为“不仅仅，超过”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故第二个空格填have。故选D项。 19．D 【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自从中国南方的严重干旱以来，大量的淡水被送往那里。根据“quantities of+可数名词复数+不可数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，故排除B、C选项；且根据后文since the serious drought in the southern parts of china可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故排除A选项。综上，故选D。 20．B 【解析】考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：当太阳光线照射到地球上时，大量的热量被反射回太空。句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时；heat是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，且与reflect是逻辑被动关系，应使用被动语态。故选B。 21．D 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：芭芭拉很容易被认出来，因为她是唯一一个穿晚礼服的女人。首先the only one of …为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是the only one唯一一个，即the only one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用单数，排除A、B。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选D。 22．D 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的十年里，拥有私家车的人数急剧增加。根据后文in the past decade可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在应用现在完成时，主语为The number of people，助动词应用has。故选D。 【点睛】主谓一致之意义一致。 “a number of+复数名词”与“the number of+复数名词”作状语 a number of表示“很多……”，后跟可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： The number of the students in our class is 50. 我们班学生的数量是五十。 A number of workers were fired. 一些工人被解雇了。 23．B 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这是第一次观测到黑洞吞噬恒星的整个过程，从它的第一口到几乎最后一口。This is the first time that...表示“这是第一次……”，that引导的从句中使用现在完成时，从句主语“process”和动词“see”之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故选B。 24．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，“伟大的莎士比亚图书寻宝”一直是莎士比亚周期间最好的活动之一。根据时间状语In the last few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，其构成是“have/has+过去分词”，主语“the Great Shakespeare Book Hunt”是单数形式，助动词用 has，be的过去分词是been。故选B。 25．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们需要的是好的教科书。根据句意可知，本句的谓语应是be动词而不是实义动词have，故排除CD项；What we need为主语从句，主语从句作主语时主句的谓语动词的单复数要根据宾语或表语的单复数确定，本句后面是good textbooks，因此be动词使用are。故选B。 26．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我来自美国，他来自天津。第一个设空处的主语为I，谓语动词应用am；第二个设空处主语为he，谓语动词应用is。故选A。 27．C 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：地震的消息刚传开，大量的救灾物资就送到了灾区。根据句意和选项内容可知，该句子中用到句型：hardly...when...“刚……就”，该句型中前面主句的谓语动词spread发生在从句的谓语动词deliver之前，从句用一般过去时，主句一般用过去完成时，主句的主语the news和谓语动词spread之间是主动关系，主句用主动语态；从句的主语a large quantity of relief supplies和谓语动词deliver之间是被动关系，用被动语态；relief supplies前有a large quantity of修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。故选C项。 28．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：在盘子里有一些面包和两个蛋糕。A.are是；B.is是；C.have有；D.has有。分析句子的结构可知，此处为there be句型。如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的主语some bread保持主谓一致，some bread为不可数名词，应用is。故选B。 29．A 【解析】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：这是学生中唯一知道真相的人。结合选项可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the only one，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that作引导词，且先行词指唯一的一个人，谓语动词know需用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 30．A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这座桥的历史可以追溯到宋朝，但它仍然保存完好。date back to“追溯到”，没有进行时和被动语态。句中有连词but，故空处是前一个句子的谓语部分，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语Bridge表示单数意义，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 二、 1 31．swept 32．or 33．shown 34．who 35．are 36．adjustment（s） 37．truly 38．effective 39．in 40．its 【解析】这是一篇议论文。谁更聪明？人类还是人工智能？AlphaGo在围棋领域击败了人类，但这能说明人工智能可以取代人类的大脑吗？不同的人对未来有不同的看法。 31．考查时态。根据从句中的“defeated”可知，此处的事情发生在过去，故主句应用一般过去时态。故填swept。 32．考查连词。句意：人工智能的全面发展，简而言之，可能意味着人类的终结。artificial intelligence或简称为AI。该空表示“或者”。故填or。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们真的要活在“终结者”电影里的世界里了吗？　　3　　（show）in the Terminator（终结者）movies是定语，修饰the world。the world和show之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。 34．考查定语从句。　　4　　 is optimistic about the future是非限制性定语从句。修饰John Markoff。引导词在从句中作主语，指人，应该用who引导该从句。故填who。 35．考查时态与主谓一致。句意：像视觉和平衡这样的事物在我们的生活中是自然的，平凡的。这里说的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应该和things保持一致，故填are。 36．考查名词。空处在句中作making的宾语，需要用名词形式。故填adjustment（s）。 37．考查副词。空处在句中修饰谓语动词begin，需要用副词形式。故填truly。 38．考查形容词。该处考查make+宾语+宾语补足语结构，宾语补足语应该用形容词。且空前有more修饰，故该处填effective。 39．考查介词。句意：我们的命运由我们自己控制。表示“由某人控制”，应该用in one's hands。故填in。 40．考查代词。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词creators，故应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 【点睛】当所填的空在句中作谓语时，要从三个方面来考虑。第一：时态；第二：语态；第三：主谓一致。首先观察句子是否有明显的时间状语。如有，则根据时间状语判断句子时态。如果没有，则根据上下文语境来判断。其次，根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系判断句子语态。如果两者之间是被动关系，那么，该句则要用被动语态。此外，还要根据主谓一致原则，判断谓语动词的形式。例如，第5小题则可根据该规则来判断。 2 41．has started 42．but 或yet 43．them 44．journeys 45．reducing 46．is 47．gradually 48．to 49．a 50．worse 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的自行车骑行方案，鼓励人们为了环境和自己的身体健康，多骑自行车。 41．考查动词时态。句意：因此，自2007年以来，该市开始了一项改善现状的计划。根据上文since 2007可知应用现在完成时表达现阶段已经完成的动作，since和现在完成时态连用。故填has started。 42．考查并列连词。句意：第一个半小时是免费的，但如果30分钟后不归还，就得付费。根据语境可知上下文为转折关系，故填but或yet。 43．考查人称代词。句意：在城市里有很多这样的人，而且自行车站比地铁站还多！of为介词后跟人称代词宾格形式做宾语，故填them。 44．考查名词的数。句意：这些自行车只适合短途旅行。journey为可数名词，前面没有冠词修饰，故填复数形式journeys。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：自行车项目不会解决我们所有的交通问题，但它可能在减少空气污染方面发挥作用。介词in 的宾语用动名词，故填reducing。 46．考查主谓一致。句意：交通和工厂的烟雾是一个大问题。当句子中together with ，along with ，with，as well， except等介词短语存在时，谓语动词单复数要和第一个主语的单复数保持一致，本句主语为Traffic。故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is。 47．考查副词。句意：每个人都知道全球变暖和剧烈的气候变化——我们知道这部分是因为雨林正在逐渐消失。修饰动词disappear应用副词，故填gradually。 48．考查介词。句意：对于城市中的交通问题和污染，没有任何简单的答案。短语answers to problems“问题的答案”，故填to。 49．考查冠词。句意：自行车可以帮助人们过上更健康的生活。life为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个生活”，故填a。 50．考查形容词比较级。句意：除非我们现在采取行动，否则将会有更多的交通堵塞，气温将继续上升，所以我们的环境问题将会变得更糟。根据句意以及上文even可知应填形容词比较级worse，表示“更糟；更坏”。 【点睛】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。本篇语法填空考查到的语法知识有时态、词性、非谓语动词等。例如小题1考查时态。根据上文since 2007可知应用现在完成时表达现阶段已经完成的动作，since和现在完成时态连用。故填has started。 3 51．striking 52．Adapted 53．a 54．where 55．Besides 56．characters 57．probably 58．that 59．has helped 60．to improve 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍中国热门电视剧《去有风的地方》（阿勒泰版）带火阿勒泰旅游，及剧集特色、热播原因和同类剧集带动旅游的案例。 51．考查形容词。句意：中国最新热播的电视节目《我的阿勒泰》使阿勒泰成为吸引年轻人的一个新的旅游目的地，他们被当地令人惊叹的景色和当地居民简单而温暖的生活所吸引。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语tourism destination，strike的形容词striking意为“吸引人的”符合句意。故填striking。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：《我的阿勒泰》改编自中国作家李娟的散文集《我的阿勒泰》，讲述了年轻女子李文秀在遭遇挫折后回到家乡阿勒泰的故事。句中谓语是tells，空格处用非谓语动词，the series和adapt之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Adapted。 53．考查冠词。句意：自5月7日首播以来，《我的阿勒泰》已经成为热门。hit是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，hit是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a。故填a。 54．考查定语从句。句意：在4K超高清摄像机的帮助下，该系列捕捉了阿勒泰的原始之美，在那里，雪山映衬着绵延数英里的草原，成群的羊在牧场上悠闲地吃草。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词Altay是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 55．考查介词。句意：除了对游牧文化的生动展现，人们喜爱这部剧还因为它的角色及其故事。此处表示“除……之外（还有）”，用介词besides，修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Besides。 56．考查名词复数。句意：除了对游牧文化的生动展现，人们喜爱这部剧还因为它的角色及其故事。character为可数名词，结合后文“their stories”，角色不止一个，应用复数形式characters。故填characters。 57．考查副词。句意：也许正是这种与内心世界的重新连接，以及对真美的渴望，吸引了如此多的观众。空格处用副词作状语，probable的副词是probably，意为“可能”。故填probably。 58．考查强调句。句意：也许正是这种与内心世界的重新连接，以及对真美的渴望，吸引了如此多的观众。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子是强调句，结构是“It is/was+被强调的部分+who/that+其他部分”，句子被强调的是“this re-connection with one’s inner world and the desire for true beauty”，因此空格处用that。故填that。 59．考查动词时态。句意：近年来，热门剧集带动拍摄地成为热门旅游目的地，这已不是第一次。此处为固定句型“It’s not the first time that...”，that从句中用现在完成时；主语 a hit show 为单数，所以谓语动词为has helped。故填has helped。 60．考查不定式。句意：旅行社研究员Xiao Peng表示，当地政府或旅游公司可以通过结合阿勒泰的自然景观和文化元素来充分利用旅游产品，以改善人们的旅游体验。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据句意可知，空格处用不定式表目的，作状语。故填to improve。 4 61．called 62．in 63．who 64．to win 65．stars 66．a 67．has become 68．popularity 69．interested 70．will be 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了江苏省业余足球联赛的创办目的、参赛人员特点、赛事氛围，以及其受欢迎程度和所发挥的作用。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：江苏省城市足球联赛，简称“苏超”，是江苏省颇受欢迎的业余足球联赛。is在句中作谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词；主语“Jiangsu City Football League”和动词“call”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式作定语。故填called。 62．考查固定搭配。句意：它旨在鼓励普通人参加体育运动，过上健康的生活方式。固定搭配：take part in，意为“参加”，符合句意。故填in。 63．考查定语从句。句意：热爱足球的球员来自各行各业，无论他们的年龄或技术水平如何。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the players”，指人，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词“who”引导。故填who。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：对他们来说，“苏超”不仅提供了一个赢得比赛的机会，还有助于结交新朋友，减轻工作或学习的压力。空处为非谓语动词担当名词“chance”的后置定语，用动词不定式形式。故填to win。 65．考查名词的数。句意：这些球员可能不够专业，无法与那些著名的足球明星相比，但他们对足球的热情同样强烈。空处为名词形式担当动词match的宾语；star“明星，体坛高手”是可数名词，根据空前“those”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填stars。 66．考查冠词。句意：来自不同城市的观众前来为他们的主场球员加油，营造出友好活泼的气氛。 atmosphere前有“friendly and lively”修饰，表示“一种友好且活跃的氛围”，atmosphere在句中为可数名词，表示泛指，空后单词friendly起始音为辅音，用不定冠词a。故填a。 67．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从一开始，“苏超”就越来越受欢迎，并在全国范围内享有很高的知名度。空处为本句谓语动词，与has been enjoying并列；根据时间状语“since the very start”可知，本句强调动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，时态为现在完成时；主语“Su Chao”为单数。故填has become。 68．考查名词。句意：从一开始，“苏超”就越来越受欢迎，并在全国范围内享有很高的知名度。空处担当宾语，填popular的名词形式popularity，意为“受欢迎”，是不可数名词。故填popularity。 69．考查形容词。句意：如果你有兴趣观看比赛，你可以在网上申请门票。空处担当表语，意为“感兴趣的”，用形容词形式“interested”。故填interested。 70．考查时态。句意：对于任何热爱足球的人来说，观看这场比赛都将是一次美妙的经历。空处为本句谓语动词；表示“去看这场比赛将会是一次很棒的体验”，描述将来可能发生的事件，用一般将来时。故填will be。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 主谓一致 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 主谓一致核心原则 八大高频主谓一致场景 进阶分级练 高考学考英语对主谓一致的考查聚焦核心原则与语境应用，常融合多语法点综合设题。作为历年高频考点，其核心要求围绕语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三大原则展开，需考生精准判断主语单复数——既包括集体名词（如family）根据语境表整体或成员时的数的变化，也涵盖news、physics等带“s”后缀的单数名词特殊用法。同时，分数、百分数修饰名词时，谓语动词需与被修饰词保持数的一致，这也是命题重点所在，体现对语法规则细节的考查要求。 从考查形式与载体来看，主谓一致极少单独命题，多与动词时态、语态结合，分布在语法填空、短文改错两大题型中，近三年高考相关考点考查频次达十余次。题目多依托鲜活语篇语境。这种设置要求考生在理解语篇含义的基础上，兼顾语法规则与语境逻辑，避免孤立记忆规则。 备考需重点突破特殊句式与复杂主语的一致问题，这也是命题难点所在。主语后接with、as well as等短语时，谓语动词需与前面的主语保持一致；what引导的主语从句、定语从句中的关系代词指代（如“only one of+复数名词”后从句谓语用单数）、倒装句中的主语判断等场景，均为高频易错点。命题趋势显示，语境综合化程度持续提升，考生需建立“规则记忆—语境分析—逻辑验证”的解题思维，既能掌握固定搭配与句式规律，又能结合语篇时态、语义准确判断谓语形式。 一、主谓一致核心原则 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在 “人称” 和 “数” 上必须保持一致，核心遵循 “语法一致”“意义一致” 和 “就近一致” 三大原则。 二、八大高频主谓一致场景 1. 单数主语 + 单数谓语 【基本规则】不可数名词、单数可数名词（a/an + 名词、the + 单数名词）作主语时，谓语用单数形式。 例句 1：Water is essential for human life. 水对人类生命至关重要。（不可数名词 water 作主语，谓语用 is） 例句 2：A new library will be built in our school next year. 我们学校明年将新建一座图书馆。（单数可数名词 library 作主语，谓语用 will be built） 2. 复数主语 + 复数谓语 【基本规则】可数名词复数（名词 + s/es）、表示复数的代词（we/you/they 等）作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 例句 1：These books belong to my brother. 这些书是我哥哥的。（复数名词 books 作主语，谓语用 belong） 例句 2：They have finished their homework on time. 他们已经按时完成了作业。（复数代词 they 作主语，谓语用 have finished） 3. 集体名词的主谓一致（意义一致原则） 【基本规则】集体名词（如 family, class, team, group 等）作主语时，若表示 “整体”，谓语用单数；若表示 “集体中的成员”，谓语用复数。 例句 1：Our family is going to visit Beijing this summer. 我们家今年夏天要去北京旅游。（family 表 “整体”，谓语用 is going） 例句 2：The family are arguing about where to go for dinner. 这家人正在争论去哪里吃晚饭。（family 表 “家庭成员”，谓语用 are arguing） 4. “分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语（意义一致原则） 【基本规则】谓语动词的单复数由 “of 后面的名词” 决定（名词是单数 / 不可数，谓语用单数；名词是复数，谓语用复数）。 例句 1：Two-thirds of the land is covered with forests. 三分之二的土地被森林覆盖。（of 后是不可数名词 land，谓语用 is） 例句 2：Sixty percent of the students in our class are interested in English. 我们班 60% 的学生对英语感兴趣。（of 后是复数名词 students，谓语用 are） 5. “neither...nor.../either...or.../not only...but also...” 连接主语（就近一致原则） 【基本规则】谓语动词的单复数由 “靠近谓语的主语” 决定（即 “就近原则”）。 例句 1：Neither my father nor my mother likes coffee. 我爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢咖啡。（靠近谓语的主语是 my mother，单数，谓语用 likes） 例句 2：Not only the teacher but also the students are looking forward to the holiday. 不仅老师，学生们也在期待假期。（靠近谓语的主语是 the students，复数，谓语用 are） 6. “there be” 句型（就近一致原则） 【基本规则】be 动词的单复数由 “靠近 be 动词的名词” 决定。 例句 1：There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两支笔。（靠近 be 的是单数名词 a book，用 is） 例句 2：There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌子上有两支笔和一本书。（靠近 be 的是复数名词 two pens，用 are） 7. 单数形式表复数意义的名词（特殊规则） 【基本规则】某些名词（如 people, police, cattle 等）形式上是单数，意义上是复数，谓语用复数。 例句 1：The police are searching for the missing child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。（police 表复数，谓语用 are searching） 例句 2：People in this village are very friendly. 这个村子里的人很友好。（people 表复数，谓语用 are） 8. “the + 形容词” 作主语（意义一致原则） 【基本规则】“the + 形容词”（如 the poor, the old, the young）表示 “一类人” 时，谓语用复数；表示 “一种抽象概念” 时，谓语用单数。 例句 1：The old are taken good care of in this community. 这个社区里的老人得到了很好的照顾。（the old 表 “老年人”，复数，谓语用 are） 例句 2：The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 美丽的事物不一定等同于美好的事物。（the beautiful 表 “抽象的美”，单数，谓语用 is） 三、易错点提醒 1.误将 “集体名词” 统一视为单数：如 “class” 表 “班级成员” 时，谓语需用复数（The class are discussing a problem. 全班正在讨论一个问题）。 2.忽略 “就近原则”：如 “neither...nor...” 连接主语时，必须看 “靠近谓语的主语”（Neither he nor I am wrong. 他和我都没错，靠近谓语的是 I，用 am）。 3.混淆 “单数形式表复数” 的名词：如 “cattle”（牛群）不可用 a cattle，谓语必须用复数（The cattle are eating grass. 牛群正在吃草）。 考点精讲讲练 1．Linda, as well as her sisters, _______ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．was given C．are given D．were given 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：琳达和她的姐妹们上周回到村子时受到了热烈欢迎。give(给，送给)是主句谓语动词，与主语Linda之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“last week”可知，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语后的“as well as her sisters”附加结构不影响主语的人称和数，主语Linda是专有名词，谓语用单数形式was given。故选B项。 2．In the last few years, many a film ________ all over the world. A．have produced B．has been produced C．is producing D．are being produced 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，世界各地制作了许多电影。根据句中“In the last few years”可知，句子应用现在完时，“many a film”和“produce”为被动关系，故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，“many a +可数名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故空格处应用“has been produced”。故选B项。 3．No sooner had the movie come out than Simon as well as other reviewers ________ to comment on it. A．is invited B．has invited C．were invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态、语态主谓一致。句意：这部电影一上映，西蒙以及其他影评人就被邀请对其进行评论。 选“No sooner...than...”结构中，“no sooner”后的句子用过去完成时，“than”后的句子用一般过去时，所以时态应是一般过去时，又因为“Simon as well as other reviewers”与“invite” 之间是被动关系，即 “被邀请”，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as适用就远原则，谓语用单数形式“was invited”。故选D。 4．The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months. A．has given B．have given C．gave D．were giving 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里已经举行了十场演出。根据句中的时间状语“in the last three months”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，其结构为“have/has+done”；当主语由along with连接时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致，此处与“The musician”一致，助动词用has，故空格处应填has given。故选A。 5．More than one boy of your members ________ to act in the short play, which ________ tomorrow. A．are; is to be performed B．are; is to perform C．is; is to be performed D．is; are to be performed 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：你们成员中不止一个男孩要在明天演出的短剧中扮演角色。“More than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。非限定性定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词the short play，单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。the short play和perform之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。 1．— Which would you like, tea or coffee? — Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．is, to B．are, with C．is, with D．are, to 2．The construction of the new bridge, together with several surrounding roads, _______ expected_______ by the end of next year to ease the traffic congestion. A．is ... to be completed B．are ... to complete C．is...completed D．are ... being completed 3．In the past few years, WeChat as well as telephones ________ an important part in our daily communication. A．has played B．have played C．is playing D．play 4．Professor Green, together with some of his students, _________ to attend an important meeting last Sunday. A．invited B．had invited C．was invited D．were invited 5．With more forests being destroyed in that area, a quantity of land ______ deserts each year. A．has been turned into B．have been turned into C．is being turned into D．are being turned into 6．It is the first time that more than one ancient painting ______ to the public outside the museum. A．are displayed B．has been displayed C．have been displayed D．is displayed 7．The final exam is so difficult that ________ student ________ it. A．over one; has failed B．more than one; has failed C．one more; have failed D．many a; have failed 8．The number of participants who ________ their applications ________ our expectations. A．has submitted; has exceeded B．has submitted; have exceeded C．have submitted; has exceeded D．have submitted; have exceeded 9．Kate as well as her sister interested in studying English. A．are B．take C．takes D．is 10．The remains of my New Year’s resolutions _______ dusty gym clothes, and what remains of my ambition _______ this half-eaten bag of chips. A．are; are B．is; are C．is; is D．are; is 训练 一、单项选择 1．In the past, there ______ large amounts of land ______ China. A．was; belongs to B．were; belonging to C．were; belongs to D．was; belonging to 2．Neither Saturday nor Sunday ________ OK because I will be busy these two days. A．are B．is C．am D．be 3．Neither my classmates nor I __________ by our teacher yesterday. A．am punished B．was punished C．were punished D．had been punished 4．Not only my parents but also my daughter __________ this documentary. A．like B．is like C．are like D．likes 5．Either you or your partners _________ to attend the meeting there. A．is B．are C．were D．will be 6．The new film is showing in the theater. Not only the students but also their teacher ________ the film now. A．is enjoying B．enjoy C．are enjoying D．enjoyed 7．Not only I but also Tom and Mary ________ fond of watching television. A．are B．am C．is D．be 8．Either John or his friends ________ to blame for the bad results. A．are B．is C．be D．am 9．Neither you nor he ________ trouble settling the problem, but what worries us ________ whether you can adapt yourself to your new life. A．has; is B．has; are C．have; is D．have; are 10．Either you or one of your students____________ to attend the meeting there. A．is B．are C．were D．be 11．The number of_____ in our class ____ fifty. A．student; is B．the student; are C．the students; is 12．As a result of destroying the forests， a large________ of desert________ covered the land． A．number；has B．amount；has C．number；have D．amount；have 13．Each soldier and sailor________ given a rifle when the ship landed. A．were B．was C．are D．is 14．The number of the students in the competition _______written down already. A．have been B．has been C．are D．is 15．—The education system rather than the teachers_______to answer for the heavy burden on the students. —I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country at present will bring about the _______results. A．are; desired B．is; desired C．are; desiring D．is; desiring 16．The number of teenagers who commit crimes _________ 20% over the past years. A．have been reduced by B．has been reduced by C．have been reduced to D．has been reduced to 17．With rural ecosystem improving, the number of tourists to villages ________ year by year. A．have increased B．increases C．is increasing D．are increasing 18．More than one student ___ been sent to Japan since 2000. More than one hundred students ___ been sent to Japan since 2000. A．have; have B．has; has C．have; has D．has; have 19．Huge quantities of fresh water ___________ there since the serious drought in the southern parts of china. A．have sent B．has sent C．has been sent D．have been sent 20．When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of heat ______________ back into space A．are reflected B．is reflected C．reflects D．were reflected 21．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ___________ evening dress. A．wear B．have been worm C．has been worn D．wears 22．The number of people, who have access to their own cars, ______ sharply in the past decade. A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen 23．This is the first time that the whole process of a black hole _______ eating a star, from its first to nearly final bites. A．was seen B．has been seen C．has seen D．had seen 24．In the last few years, the Great Shakespeare Book Hunt ____one of the best activities during Shakespeare Week. A．is B．has been C．was D．have been 25．What we need ________ good textbooks. A．is B．are C．have D．has 26．I ________ from the US, and he ________ from Tianjin. A．am, is B．am, are C．is, are D．am, am 27．The news of the earthquake ______ when a large quantity of relief supplies _______ to the disaster-stricken area． A．was hardly spread; was delivered B．was hardly spread; were delivered C．had hardly spread; was delivered D．had hardly spread; were delivered 28．There ________ some bread and two cakes in the plate. A．are B．is C．have D．has 29．This is the only one of the students the truth. A．that knows B．that know C．which knows D．who know 30．The Bridge to Song Dynasty, but it is still in good condition. A．dates back B．is dating back C．dated back D．is dated back 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Who is smarter？A human being or artificial intelligence？The question 31 （sweep）across the world when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player. So，what comes next？ Some people are pessimistic，saying that the full development of artificial intelligence， 32 AI in short，could mean the end of the human race. So are we really about to live in the world 33 （show）in the Terminator（终结者）movies？ “Not quite，”answered John Markoff of The New York Times， 34 is optimistic about the future. “We think that，for the human beings，things like sight and balance， 35 （be）natural and ordinary in our life. Also，we humans are better at making 36 （adjust）to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can 37 （true）begin to be similar to the human brain，even though the technology can be great.” Meanwhile，John Markoff said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more 38 （effect）. “Our fate（命运）is 39 our own hands，”he added.“Since technology depends on the values of 40 (it) creators, we can choose to use technology to improve the world.” 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Like other big cities, Paris has also a traffic problem: lots of cars, traffic jams and traffic pollution. So since 2007, the city 41 (start) a plan to improve the situation. Under a project, people can take a bicycle, use it as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station. The first half-hour is free, 42 if you don’t return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay. It’s only $1 or $29 a year. The bicycles are as heavy as 25 kilograms, and they’re all grey and have baskets. There’re a large number of 43 (they) in the city, and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations! Paris isn’t the first city to operate a project like this. One Parisian said, “These bicycles are only suitable for short 44 (journey). If people want to travel across the city, they won’t use a bicycle — they’ll still use their cars.” A city spokesman said, “The bicycle project won’t solve all our traffic problems, but it might work in 45 (reduce) air pollution. Traffic, together with factory fumes, 46 (be) a big problem. Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes — we know this is partly because rainforests are 47 (gradual) disappearing. And it’s also because there’s so much pollution. There aren’t any simple answers 48 traffic problems and pollution in cities, but the bicycles might help people lead 49 healthier life. Unless we do something now, there’ll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even 50 (bad).” 3 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 China’s new hit TV show To the Wonder has made Altay a new 51 (strike) tourism destination among young people, who are attracted by the breathtaking views and the simple and heartwarming lives of the local residents. 52 (adapt) from My Altay, a collection of prose by Chinese author Li Juan, the series tells the story of Li Wenxiu, a young woman who returned to her hometown Altay after having setbacks. Since its premiere on May 7, To the Wonder has become 53 hit. With the help of 4K ultra-HD cameras, the series captures the untouched beauty of Altay 54 grassland stretches for miles against the snow-capped mountains, and flocks of sheep graze leisurely on pastures. 55 the vivid display of nomadic culture, people also love the show for its 56 (character) and their stories. They celebrate the fun of ordinary life and reflect our common humanity. Once we’ve seen the world and satisfied our material needs, we start to look inside, to search for a sense of peace and satisfaction and to realize our self-worth. It is 57 (probable) this re-connection with one’s inner world and the desire for true beauty 58 draws so many viewers in. It’s not the first time in recent years that a hit show 59 (help) turn its location into a popular tourism destination. In January 2023, the TV drama Meet Yourself made Dali in Yunnan province a popular tourism destination. Xiao Peng, a researcher from travel agency, said that the local authorities or tourism companies can make the most of tour products by combining natural views and cultural elements in Altay 60 (improve) people’s travel experiences. 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiangsu City Football League, often 61 (call) “Su Chao” for short, is a popular amateur football league in Jiangsu Province. It aims to encourage ordinary people to take part 62 sports and live a healthy lifestyle. The players, 63 love playing football very much, are people from all walks of life, regardless of their age or skill level. For them, “Su Chao” not only provides a chance 64 (win) games, but also helps to make new friends and reduce stress from work or study. Watching a “Su Chao” match can be very exciting. The players may not be professional (职业的) enough to match those famous football 65 (star), but their passion for football is equally strong. They always try their best to fight. Audiences from different cities come to cheer for their home players, creating 66 friendly and lively atmosphere (氛围). Since the very start, “Su Chao” 67 (become) increasingly well-received, and has been enjoying great 68 (popular) across the whole country. It has played a key role in promoting football culture in the province and has boosted tourism as well. If you are 69 (interest) in watching the game, you can apply for tickets online. It 70 (be) a wonderful experience for anyone who loves football to watch the match. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $