专题09 特殊句式（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题09 特殊句式 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、 感叹句、there be 句型 进阶分级练 高考学考英语对特殊句式的考查聚焦核心语法规则与语境应用能力，以倒装句、强调句、省略句和祈使句为核心考点，强调对句式结构的精准识别与规范运用。命题依托考纲要求，既覆盖基础规则记忆，如倒装句中否定词前置、only修饰状语从句时的部分倒装规则，也注重语法知识在语境中的灵活迁移，要求考生能结合句子逻辑判断句式类型并补充正确成分。从考查价值看，这一板块既检测基础语法功底，也为写作中的句式优化提供支撑，恰当运用倒装、强调等句式可提升表达的精准度与层次感。 在考查形式与命题趋势上，特殊句式多渗透于语篇型填空、阅读理解等题型中，近年全国卷更倾向于在语篇语境中设置考点。语篇型填空中常考查倒装句的助动词补充、强调句中that的运用等显性考点。从考频看，祈使句、省略句在近三年真题中出现频次较高，倒装句和强调句虽偶有间断，但始终是备考重点，且命题逐渐弱化孤立语法考查，更强调与语篇意义的结合。 备考要求上，考生需构建清晰的句式知识体系，明确不同句式的核心特征与适用场景：倒装句需区分完全倒装（如there be句型、地点状语前置）与部分倒装（如否定词前置、so/such...that...结构）的规则边界，强调句要掌握被强调成分的判断方法及疑问句式变式，省略句则需精准识别状语从句中主语和be动词的省略条件。同时需结合真题强化应用训练，针对易错点重点突破——如倒装句中助动词的时态匹配、强调句与定语从句的辨析、省略成分的逻辑补充等。通过"规则记忆+语境分析+错题复盘"的路径，既能应对客观题中的语法检测，也能在写作中灵活运用特殊句式增强表达效果。 特殊句式是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要包括倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、there be 句型等的特殊情况。以下针对每种句式进行详细拆解，结合高考学考高频考法举例说明，帮助同学们精准掌握。 一、倒装句（Inversion） 倒装句指将句子的部分或全部谓语提到主语之前，分为完全倒装和部分倒装，常考语境包括否定词开头、“only + 状语” 开头、so/neither/nor 表指代等。 1. 完全倒装（主谓完全颠倒） 适用情况：表示地点、方位的副词（here, there, up, down, in, out 等）或介词短语（on the wall, under the tree 等）置于句首，且主语为名词（非代词）。 例句 1：Here comes the school bus.（校车来了。） （正常语序：The school bus comes here. 主语 “the school bus” 是名词，here 置于句首引发完全倒装） 例句 2：On the top of the mountain stands an old temple.（山顶上矗立着一座古老的寺庙。） （正常语序：An old temple stands on the top of the mountain. 介词短语作状语置于句首，主语为名词，用完全倒装） 2. 部分倒装（助动词 / 情态动词提到主语前） (1)否定词及否定短语开头 常见否定词：never, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, nowhere 等； 否定短语：at no time, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances 等。 例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。） （正常语序：I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. never 置于句首，助动词 have 提到主语 I 前，部分倒装） (2)“only + 状语” 开头 状语可为副词、介词短语或状语从句，注意：only 修饰主语时不倒装。 例句 1：Only by working hard can we achieve our goals.（只有努力工作，我们才能实现目标。） （only + 介词短语作状语，助动词 can 提到主语 we 前） 例句 2：Only when he returned did we know the truth.（直到他回来，我们才知道真相。） （only + 状语从句，助动词 did 提到主语 we 前） (3)so/neither/nor 表 “也（不）” so 用于肯定句，neither/nor 用于否定句，需部分倒装。 例句 1：She likes reading novels, so do I.（她喜欢读小说，我也喜欢。） （正常语序：I also like reading novels. so 表 “也”，助动词 do 提到主语 I 前） 例句 2：He didn’t finish his homework, nor did his sister.（他没完成作业，他妹妹也没完成。） （nor 表 “也不”，助动词 did 提到主语 his sister 前） 二、强调句（Emphatic Sentence） 高考高频考点为 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分，被强调部分可为主语、宾语、状语（时间、地点、原因等），需注意时态一致和连接词选择。 1. 基本结构 (1)强调主语（人）：It is/was + 人 + who/that + 其他 例句：It was Tom who helped me with my English yesterday.（昨天是汤姆帮我学英语的。） （被强调部分 “Tom” 是人，可用 who 或 that，原句：Tom helped me with my English yesterday.） (2)强调宾语 / 状语（物 / 时间 / 地点等）：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他 例句 1：It is this book that I want to buy.（我想买的就是这本书。） （强调宾语 “this book”，原句：I want to buy this book.） 例句 2：It was in 2020 that he started his college life.（他是在 2020 年开始大学生活的。） （强调时间状语 “in 2020”，原句：He started his college life in 2020.） 2. 易错点：与定语从句的区别 强调句中，去掉 “It is/was...that/who” 后，句子仍完整；定语从句中，关系词在句中作成分，去掉后句子不完整。 例句 1（强调句）：It is the park that we visited last week.（我们上周去的就是这个公园。） （去掉 It is...that：We visited the park last week. 句子完整，是强调句） 例句 2（定语从句）：This is the park that we visited last week.（这是我们上周去的公园。） （去掉 that：This is the park we visited last week. 虽可省略关系词，但原句中 that 作宾语，是定语从句） 三、省略句（Ellipsis） 为避免重复、使句子简洁，常省略句子中已知或不必要的成分，高考常考状语从句省略、不定式省略、对话中的省略。 1. 状语从句省略（主从句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词） 省略 “主语 + be 动词”，保留 “连词 + 分词 / 形容词 / 介词短语”。 例句 1：While (he was) waiting for the bus, he read a newspaper.（等公交车时，他看了一份报纸。） （主从句主语均为 “he”，从句含 was，省略 “he was”） 例句 2：If (it is) necessary, you can call me at any time.（如果有必要，你可以随时给我打电话。） （从句主语 “it” 与主句主语 “you” 不一致，但从句含 is，可省略 “it is”，属于固定省略） 2. 不定式省略（保留 to，省略后面的动词） 当不定式短语再次出现，且动词与前文一致时，可省略动词，保留 to。 例句：—Will you go to the party with me?（你愿意和我一起去派对吗？） —Yes, I’d love to (go to the party with you).（愿意，我很乐意去。） （省略 “go to the party with you”，保留 to） 四、祈使句（Imperative Sentence） 表示命令、请求、建议或警告，主语常为 you（省略），谓语用动词原形，否定式在动词前加 don’t。 1. 肯定式 例句 1：Open the window, please.（请打开窗户。）（表请求） 例句 2：Study hard for the exam.（为考试努力学习。）（表建议） 2. 否定式 例句 1：Don’t talk in the library.（不要在图书馆里说话。）（表警告） 例句 2：Don’t forget to take your umbrella.（别忘了带伞。）（表提醒） 3. 特殊形式：let 开头 结构：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形（+ 其他），表 “让某人做某事”。 例句：Let’s go for a walk after dinner.（晚饭后我们去散步吧。）（let’s = let us，表提议） 五、感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence） 表达强烈的情感（喜悦、惊讶、愤怒等），高考常考两种结构：What 引导和How 引导。 1. What 引导（修饰名词） 结构：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 例句 1：What a beautiful flower it is!（这是一朵多么漂亮的花啊！）（修饰可数名词单数 “flower”） 例句 2：What delicious food it is!（这是多么美味的食物啊！）（修饰不可数名词 “food”） 2. How 引导（修饰形容词、副词或动词） 结构：How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 主语 + 谓语！（修饰动词） 例句 1：How fast he runs!（他跑得真快啊！）（修饰副词 “fast”） 例句 2：How happy they are!（他们多开心啊！）（修饰形容词 “happy”） 例句 3：How we miss our hometown!（我们多么想念家乡啊！）（修饰动词 “miss”） 六、There be 句型 表示 “某地有某物”，核心是 “存在有”，区别于 “have/has”（表 “所属有”），常考时态变化、主谓一致及 “there be + 非谓语” 结构。 1. 基本结构：There be + 主语 + 地点状语 be 动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定（就近原则）。 例句 1：There is a desk and two chairs in the room.（房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。） （主语 “a desk” 是单数，be 动词用 is，就近原则） 例句 2：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.（房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。） （主语 “two chairs” 是复数，be 动词用 are，就近原则） 2. 时态变化 根据时间状语调整 be 动词时态，常见时态：is/are（一般现在时）、was/were（一般过去时）、will be（一般将来时）、have/has been（现在完成时）。 例句 1：There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.（明天上午将有一场会议。）（一般将来时） 例句 2：There have been great changes in our city since 2010.（2010 年以来，我们的城市发生了巨大变化。）（现在完成时） 3. 特殊结构：There be + 主语 + 非谓语（doing/done/to do） 主语与非谓语是主动关系，用 doing； 主语与非谓语是被动关系，用 done； 表 “将要发生”，用 to do。 例句 1：There is a girl singing in the next room.（隔壁房间有个女孩在唱歌。）（girl 与 sing 是主动关系，用 singing） 例句 2：There are many problems to be solved.（有很多问题有待解决。）（problems 与 solve 是被动关系，且表将来，用 to be solved） 考点精讲讲练 1．When ______ about his sudden decision, the manager simply smiled without ______ a word. A．asked; speaking B．asking; spoken C．to ask; to speak D．asks; speak 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：当被问及他突然做出的这一决定时，这位经理只是微微一笑，没有说话。根据选项内容和第一个空格前的连词when可知，逗号前的部分是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，when引导的完整从句是When he was asked about his sudden decision，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词was，符合状语从句省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词，所以第一个空格处用asked。由第二空格前的介词without可知，第二个空格处应该用动名词作宾语。故选A项。 2．When ________ the problem, your emotions kick in, fear kicks in, and you don’t always do the rational and thought-out approach. A．confronted with B．confronting with C．being confronted with D．confronting 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面对这个问题时，你的情绪会爆发，恐惧会袭来，而且你并不总是会采取理性且深思熟虑的方法。be confronted with是固定短语，表示“面对”，本句中when引导时间状语从句，省略了从句中的主语you和be动词，完整形式是When you are confronted with the problem，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故选A。 1．________ is often the case, those without working experience are likely to be turned down when ________for a post. A．It, applying B．It, applied C．As, applied D．As, applying 2．It was the unwavering determination ________ he showed in adversity ________ impressed us all deeply. A．that; what B．where; that C．that; that D．/; which 3．Since ________ in 2024, the electric vehicle model, ________ over 100,000 units, ________ a symbol of green transportation. A．launching; sold; becoming B．having launched; sold; has become C．being launched; has sold; becoming D．launched; sold; has become 4．When ________, you mustn’t speak a word during the interview. A．not asking B．being not asked C．not asked D．having not asked 5．It was his refusal to cooperate with the investigation ________ led to ________ of involvement in the case. A．which; him being suspected B．that; his being suspected C．which; he was suspected D．that; his suspected 6．Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A．facing; performing B．faced; performing C．faced; to perform D．facing; having performed 7．________ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise. A．Rushed he out B．Out rushed he C．Out he rushed D．Out did he rush 8．Hardly ______ the classroom when the bell ______ for the end of the exam. A．had he left; rang B．he had left; had rung C．has he left; rings D．he has left; has rung 9．— I didn’t participate in the discussions. — ________. A．So can I B．Nor do I C．Neither did I D．So do I 10．He _________  his self-control and a calm mind ________ violence. A．conserved; in face of threaten B．conserved; under threat of C．preserved; when threatening to D．preserved; when threatened with 一、单项选择 1．Not only ______ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends. A．he was forcing B．he was forced C．was he forcing D．was he forced 2．Hardly ______ down, ______ he stepped in. A．had I sat, than B．I had sat, when C．had I sat, then D．had I sat, when 3．Sitting in the lecture hall _________ a group of eager students, _________ attention focused on the expert’ lecture. A．were, their B．was, whose C．was, their D．were, whose 4．Out of the room ______, his face flushed with rage, eyes blazing like hot coals. A．did the angry man storm B．stormed the angry man C．stormed he D．did he storm 5．In the center of our school our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building. A．lying B．lay C．lie D．lies 6．On the wall________a noticeboard that says: “Please keep a two-meter distance from each other when you are lining up”. A．hangs B．is hanged C．hanging D．hung 7．Only when students _____ willing to learn _____ be active in learning activities. A．will become; they can B．become; they can C．will become; can they D．become; can they 8．Only ________ the importance of environmental protection ________ in harmony with nature. A．realizing; can we live B．when we realize; can we live C．we realize; we can live D．do we realize; we can live 9．Nor ________ to imagine ________ its native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. A．they would fail; what B．they would fail; how C．would they fail; how D．would they fail; what 10．________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. A．Unpopular as was white B．Much as white was unpopular C．As white was unpopular D．Unpopular as white was 11．Only when she received the invitation to kiss birthday party______ the old dress out of the wardrobe and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit. A．she has taken; to be found B．did she take; to find C．she had taken; finding D．had she taken; to find 12．________  at the railway station when it began to rain. A．Hardly had he arrived B．Hardly he had arrived C．No sooner did he arrive D．No sooner arrived he 13．_________, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with an eraser. A．Hard a diamond is B．Hard as a diamond is C．As a diamond is hard D．How hard is a diamond 14．________ that it was made into a film. A．So great the success of the book was B．So successful the book was C．So the book was successful D．So great was the success of the book 15．Life is hard at present. Hardly ______ by ______ some price or other going up. A．a day goes; with B．a day goes; without C．does any day go; with D．does any day go; without 16．—______ that he didn’t dare to move an inch. —So ______, and so ______ you, if you were in the dark. A．So frightened was he; was he; would B．He was so frightened; he was; were C．So frightened was he; he was; would D．So frightened he was; was he; were 17．Unless ______ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．to invite D．having invited 18．When ______a mistake, young people should be brave enough to admit it rather than the other way round. A．made B．to make C．making D．had made 19．When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A．absorbing; that B．absorbing; which C．absorbed; it D．absorbed; as 20．When ________, the library will be open to the public next month. A．completed B．completing C．being completed D．to be completed 21．What I would like ______ now is ______ my bad habits and make up for my lost time. A．doing; to break B．to do; breaking C．doing; breaking D．to do; break 22．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______. A．were told to B．are told C．are told to D．were told 23．—Have you watered the flowers? —No，but ________. A．I am B．I’m going C．I’m just going to D．I will go 24．I you can finish the exam in two hours. A．does believe B．do believe C．did believed D．do believed 25．Cars moved very slowly in the 1930s，but they ________ faster than in the 1920s. A．were moving B．did move C．had moved D．would move 26．I ________ my homework, but I left it ________at home. A．do finish; behind B．do finish; out C．did finish; out D．did finish; behind 27．— I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have been shouting at you. — You ________ your temper but that’s all right. A．have lost B．had lost C．were losing D．did lose 28．To  _________ credit the four countries _________ work together in some areas. A．their; do B．them; does C．its; did D．they; to do 29．It was because Laura posted some false information on the Internet ________ she was arrested. A．that B．where C．which D．so 30．It was not so much the opportunities she got ______ the way that she seized and made the most of them ______ made her succeed. A．but; that B．as; that C．nor; which D．like; which 31．________ wasn’t until we each went our separate ways that I began to learn how to do things for myself. A．What B．It C．That D．As 32．—Was it by cutting down staff she saved the firm? —No, it was by improving work efficiency. A．when B．what C．how D．that 33．It was during the 2025 Spring Festival travel rush, which was expected to see a record 9 billion domestic journeys, ________ the government rolled out various measures to ensure smooth transportation. A．when B．which C．where D．that 34．It was in the remote village _______ he grew up _______ he developed his love for nature. A．that; that B．where; that C．that; that D．where; where 35．It was in that small, cozy coffee shop by the river the two old friends reunited after years of separation. They shared many memories and laughed a lot. A．where B．which C．when D．that 36．________ in the future to bridge the gender gap and diversity in the scientific field? A．Do you suggest what we can do B．What do you suggest that we should do C．Do you suggest what can we do D．What do you suggest we do 37．—We haven’t heard from uncle Wang for such a long time. —What do you suppose ______ to him? A．to happen B．having happened C．happened D．that happened 38．Mrs. Wu, a dorm keeper at the university, delivered a wonderful speech, _______ of great significance to students. A．I think it was B．which I think was C．what I think was D．which I think it was 39．There won’t be any trouble, ________? A．will there B．will it C．be there 40．— Listen！There’s a strange noise over there. —There _______ some dangerous animals , let’s run away！ A．will be B．could have C．will have D．might be 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing recently made technological history by hosting the world’s first half-marathon for humanoid robots, marking a significant milestone in robotics development. Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots 41 (complete) the 21-kilometer race. The winner, Tiangong Ultra, finished it in just 2 hours and 40 minutes. This groundbreaking 42 (compete) represented a crucial transition from controlled laboratory testing to real-world application. Unlike artificial lab environments, the marathon’s unpredictable outdoor conditions tested the robots’ adaptability and endurance capabilities. Beyond sports, such robots are already in use — for example, the specialized inspection robots 43 (develop) by China Southern Power Grid, can operate 44 (reliable) in temperature extremes ranging from 40°C to 80°C while maintaining power lines in remote 45 (mountain) regions. Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, 46 (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in 47 has become an international race to advance this technology. However, experts caution that 48 rapid progress, significant technical hurdles remain. Most robots currently operate at Level 2 autonomy but achieving Level 4 — full independence — needs breakthroughs in AI decision-making. For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields 49 may transform industries and daily life. 50 successful Beijing marathon serves as both a testament to how far we have come and s preview of the remarkable innovations still to come. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A short soft brush connected to a long hard handle — a simple Chinese writing brush (毛笔) can describe the most complicated idea. Perhaps the writing brush is one of the few tools invented by humans that is so practical yet so rich in symbolic meanings over 51 (century). It not only 52 (express) common people’s feelings, but also recorded history and created the most refined art and literature of this culture, greatly 53 (influence) the development path of Chinese civilization. The writing brush is not only a symbol of Chinese culture, but also the 54 (create) of Chinese culture. Meng Tian, a great general (将军) of the Qin state, has long been considered 55 the forefather (祖先) of the writing brush. One day, he was out hunting. He saw that the tail of 56 unlucky rabbit had left a trail of blood on the ground, 57 inspired him to make the first Chinese writing brush in history. 58 (actual), the history of the Chinese brush dates back at least 6, 000 years. Archaeological evidence (考古证据) shows that more than 6, 000 years ago, people living in the Banpo site, 10 kilometers east of today’s Xi’an, Shaanxi province, 59 (use) brushes to draw patterns and lines. However, in the late 20th century, with the widespread adoption of modern pens, writing brushes began to lose their long-standing importance. 60 (protect) this ancient craft, Hu Brush made in Huzhou was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 All human societies play games. Kicking a ball can be found everywhere whether just a ball of cloth, or a skin 61 (stuff) with feathers or air. But complex games and team sports have tended 62 (arise) in big civilizations — the 63 (high) the cultural level of a society is, the greater the complexity of interaction is, and hence perhaps the more complex the forms of sports are. This is not always 64 case. The ancient Greeks, for example, 65 (prefer) individual not team sports. But in China for well over 2,000 years, people played the game of “kickball” — cuju. Cuju was played as an entertainment in important situations such as the 66 (receive) of foreign ambassadors. Even emperors played kickball. In a Confucian society, kickboxing clubs valued mercy and politeness, as you’d expect. A great player was one 67 showed “the spirit of the game”. The “Ten Essentials of Kickball” included respect for other players, polite behavior 68 team spirit. There was to be no ungentlemanly behavior, no dangerous play, and no hogging (独占) the ball. In other words, as we used to say, “Play up and play the game.” What a contrast with the ancient Greek athletics where only victory counted and if that needed trickery or cruel professional fouls (犯规), that would be acceptable! 69 a way of national culture protection, cuju 70 (list) into China’s first group of intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 4 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 19th Asian Games, held in Hangzhou in 2023, was an event 71 great importance that brought together athletes and fans from all over Asia. This international sports event not only was a place for sports competition 72 a celebration of Asian cultures and unity. The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games was a wonderful show that closely combined advanced technology with Hangzhou’s rich cultural history. One of the most attractive parts was the virtual firework display. This new thing of the digital age added a sense of modernity and surprise to the ceremony, 73 (draw) the attention of the world and setting a new standard for big event openings. Athletes from different Asian countries had fierce competitions. They showed great sports skills, 74 (determine), and sports spirit. 75 they wanted was not just to win medals; instead, they tried to build bridges of friendship and mutual respect among countries. The 76 (volunteer), wearing bright uniforms, were everywhere. They gave warm welcomes, provided helpful information, and helped with all kinds of tasks, from showing the audience the way to 77 (help) athletes with what they needed. Their friendly and 78 (profession) ways made every participant feel at home. In summary, the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou was a great success. It 79 (leave) a lasting memory for all 80 took part and set a good example for future international sports events. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 特殊句式 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、 感叹句、there be 句型 进阶分级练 高考学考英语对特殊句式的考查聚焦核心语法规则与语境应用能力，以倒装句、强调句、省略句和祈使句为核心考点，强调对句式结构的精准识别与规范运用。命题依托考纲要求，既覆盖基础规则记忆，如倒装句中否定词前置、only修饰状语从句时的部分倒装规则，也注重语法知识在语境中的灵活迁移，要求考生能结合句子逻辑判断句式类型并补充正确成分。从考查价值看，这一板块既检测基础语法功底，也为写作中的句式优化提供支撑，恰当运用倒装、强调等句式可提升表达的精准度与层次感。 在考查形式与命题趋势上，特殊句式多渗透于语篇型填空、阅读理解等题型中，近年全国卷更倾向于在语篇语境中设置考点。语篇型填空中常考查倒装句的助动词补充、强调句中that的运用等显性考点。从考频看，祈使句、省略句在近三年真题中出现频次较高，倒装句和强调句虽偶有间断，但始终是备考重点，且命题逐渐弱化孤立语法考查，更强调与语篇意义的结合。 备考要求上，考生需构建清晰的句式知识体系，明确不同句式的核心特征与适用场景：倒装句需区分完全倒装（如there be句型、地点状语前置）与部分倒装（如否定词前置、so/such...that...结构）的规则边界，强调句要掌握被强调成分的判断方法及疑问句式变式，省略句则需精准识别状语从句中主语和be动词的省略条件。同时需结合真题强化应用训练，针对易错点重点突破——如倒装句中助动词的时态匹配、强调句与定语从句的辨析、省略成分的逻辑补充等。通过"规则记忆+语境分析+错题复盘"的路径，既能应对客观题中的语法检测，也能在写作中灵活运用特殊句式增强表达效果。 特殊句式是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要包括倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、there be 句型等的特殊情况。以下针对每种句式进行详细拆解，结合高考学考高频考法举例说明，帮助同学们精准掌握。 一、倒装句（Inversion） 倒装句指将句子的部分或全部谓语提到主语之前，分为完全倒装和部分倒装，常考语境包括否定词开头、“only + 状语” 开头、so/neither/nor 表指代等。 1. 完全倒装（主谓完全颠倒） 适用情况：表示地点、方位的副词（here, there, up, down, in, out 等）或介词短语（on the wall, under the tree 等）置于句首，且主语为名词（非代词）。 例句 1：Here comes the school bus.（校车来了。） （正常语序：The school bus comes here. 主语 “the school bus” 是名词，here 置于句首引发完全倒装） 例句 2：On the top of the mountain stands an old temple.（山顶上矗立着一座古老的寺庙。） （正常语序：An old temple stands on the top of the mountain. 介词短语作状语置于句首，主语为名词，用完全倒装） 2. 部分倒装（助动词 / 情态动词提到主语前） (1)否定词及否定短语开头 常见否定词：never, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, nowhere 等； 否定短语：at no time, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances 等。 例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。） （正常语序：I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. never 置于句首，助动词 have 提到主语 I 前，部分倒装） (2)“only + 状语” 开头 状语可为副词、介词短语或状语从句，注意：only 修饰主语时不倒装。 例句 1：Only by working hard can we achieve our goals.（只有努力工作，我们才能实现目标。） （only + 介词短语作状语，助动词 can 提到主语 we 前） 例句 2：Only when he returned did we know the truth.（直到他回来，我们才知道真相。） （only + 状语从句，助动词 did 提到主语 we 前） (3)so/neither/nor 表 “也（不）” so 用于肯定句，neither/nor 用于否定句，需部分倒装。 例句 1：She likes reading novels, so do I.（她喜欢读小说，我也喜欢。） （正常语序：I also like reading novels. so 表 “也”，助动词 do 提到主语 I 前） 例句 2：He didn’t finish his homework, nor did his sister.（他没完成作业，他妹妹也没完成。） （nor 表 “也不”，助动词 did 提到主语 his sister 前） 二、强调句（Emphatic Sentence） 高考高频考点为 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分，被强调部分可为主语、宾语、状语（时间、地点、原因等），需注意时态一致和连接词选择。 1. 基本结构 (1)强调主语（人）：It is/was + 人 + who/that + 其他 例句：It was Tom who helped me with my English yesterday.（昨天是汤姆帮我学英语的。） （被强调部分 “Tom” 是人，可用 who 或 that，原句：Tom helped me with my English yesterday.） (2)强调宾语 / 状语（物 / 时间 / 地点等）：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他 例句 1：It is this book that I want to buy.（我想买的就是这本书。） （强调宾语 “this book”，原句：I want to buy this book.） 例句 2：It was in 2020 that he started his college life.（他是在 2020 年开始大学生活的。） （强调时间状语 “in 2020”，原句：He started his college life in 2020.） 2. 易错点：与定语从句的区别 强调句中，去掉 “It is/was...that/who” 后，句子仍完整；定语从句中，关系词在句中作成分，去掉后句子不完整。 例句 1（强调句）：It is the park that we visited last week.（我们上周去的就是这个公园。） （去掉 It is...that：We visited the park last week. 句子完整，是强调句） 例句 2（定语从句）：This is the park that we visited last week.（这是我们上周去的公园。） （去掉 that：This is the park we visited last week. 虽可省略关系词，但原句中 that 作宾语，是定语从句） 三、省略句（Ellipsis） 为避免重复、使句子简洁，常省略句子中已知或不必要的成分，高考常考状语从句省略、不定式省略、对话中的省略。 1. 状语从句省略（主从句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词） 省略 “主语 + be 动词”，保留 “连词 + 分词 / 形容词 / 介词短语”。 例句 1：While (he was) waiting for the bus, he read a newspaper.（等公交车时，他看了一份报纸。） （主从句主语均为 “he”，从句含 was，省略 “he was”） 例句 2：If (it is) necessary, you can call me at any time.（如果有必要，你可以随时给我打电话。） （从句主语 “it” 与主句主语 “you” 不一致，但从句含 is，可省略 “it is”，属于固定省略） 2. 不定式省略（保留 to，省略后面的动词） 当不定式短语再次出现，且动词与前文一致时，可省略动词，保留 to。 例句：—Will you go to the party with me?（你愿意和我一起去派对吗？） —Yes, I’d love to (go to the party with you).（愿意，我很乐意去。） （省略 “go to the party with you”，保留 to） 四、祈使句（Imperative Sentence） 表示命令、请求、建议或警告，主语常为 you（省略），谓语用动词原形，否定式在动词前加 don’t。 1. 肯定式 例句 1：Open the window, please.（请打开窗户。）（表请求） 例句 2：Study hard for the exam.（为考试努力学习。）（表建议） 2. 否定式 例句 1：Don’t talk in the library.（不要在图书馆里说话。）（表警告） 例句 2：Don’t forget to take your umbrella.（别忘了带伞。）（表提醒） 3. 特殊形式：let 开头 结构：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形（+ 其他），表 “让某人做某事”。 例句：Let’s go for a walk after dinner.（晚饭后我们去散步吧。）（let’s = let us，表提议） 五、感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence） 表达强烈的情感（喜悦、惊讶、愤怒等），高考常考两种结构：What 引导和How 引导。 1. What 引导（修饰名词） 结构：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 例句 1：What a beautiful flower it is!（这是一朵多么漂亮的花啊！）（修饰可数名词单数 “flower”） 例句 2：What delicious food it is!（这是多么美味的食物啊！）（修饰不可数名词 “food”） 2. How 引导（修饰形容词、副词或动词） 结构：How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 主语 + 谓语！（修饰动词） 例句 1：How fast he runs!（他跑得真快啊！）（修饰副词 “fast”） 例句 2：How happy they are!（他们多开心啊！）（修饰形容词 “happy”） 例句 3：How we miss our hometown!（我们多么想念家乡啊！）（修饰动词 “miss”） 六、There be 句型 表示 “某地有某物”，核心是 “存在有”，区别于 “have/has”（表 “所属有”），常考时态变化、主谓一致及 “there be + 非谓语” 结构。 1. 基本结构：There be + 主语 + 地点状语 be 动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定（就近原则）。 例句 1：There is a desk and two chairs in the room.（房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。） （主语 “a desk” 是单数，be 动词用 is，就近原则） 例句 2：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.（房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。） （主语 “two chairs” 是复数，be 动词用 are，就近原则） 2. 时态变化 根据时间状语调整 be 动词时态，常见时态：is/are（一般现在时）、was/were（一般过去时）、will be（一般将来时）、have/has been（现在完成时）。 例句 1：There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.（明天上午将有一场会议。）（一般将来时） 例句 2：There have been great changes in our city since 2010.（2010 年以来，我们的城市发生了巨大变化。）（现在完成时） 3. 特殊结构：There be + 主语 + 非谓语（doing/done/to do） 主语与非谓语是主动关系，用 doing； 主语与非谓语是被动关系，用 done； 表 “将要发生”，用 to do。 例句 1：There is a girl singing in the next room.（隔壁房间有个女孩在唱歌。）（girl 与 sing 是主动关系，用 singing） 例句 2：There are many problems to be solved.（有很多问题有待解决。）（problems 与 solve 是被动关系，且表将来，用 to be solved） 考点精讲讲练 1．When ______ about his sudden decision, the manager simply smiled without ______ a word. A．asked; speaking B．asking; spoken C．to ask; to speak D．asks; speak 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：当被问及他突然做出的这一决定时，这位经理只是微微一笑，没有说话。根据选项内容和第一个空格前的连词when可知，逗号前的部分是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，when引导的完整从句是When he was asked about his sudden decision，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词was，符合状语从句省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词，所以第一个空格处用asked。由第二空格前的介词without可知，第二个空格处应该用动名词作宾语。故选A项。 2．When ________ the problem, your emotions kick in, fear kicks in, and you don’t always do the rational and thought-out approach. A．confronted with B．confronting with C．being confronted with D．confronting 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面对这个问题时，你的情绪会爆发，恐惧会袭来，而且你并不总是会采取理性且深思熟虑的方法。be confronted with是固定短语，表示“面对”，本句中when引导时间状语从句，省略了从句中的主语you和be动词，完整形式是When you are confronted with the problem，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故选A。 1．________ is often the case, those without working experience are likely to be turned down when ________for a post. A．It, applying B．It, applied C．As, applied D．As, applying 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句和状语从句的省略。句意：通常情况下，那些没有工作经验的人在申请职位时很可能被拒绝。，as is often the case“情况常常如此，这是常有的事”，是固定句型，as引导非限制性定语从句；第二空是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，表示“当他们在申请一个职位时”，完整形式是when they are applying for a post，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略，保留现在分词applying。故选D。 2．It was the unwavering determination ________ he showed in adversity ________ impressed us all deeply. A．that; what B．where; that C．that; that D．/; which 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是他在逆境中展现出的坚定决心给我们所有人留下了深刻印象。第一空：“________ he showed in adversity”是定语从句，修饰先行词the unwavering determination，先行词指物，且在从句中作showed的宾语，应用关系代词that引导，也可以省略，排除B项；第二空：整个句子是强调句，结构为“It was+被强调部分+that+其他部分”，被强调的是主语the unwavering determination，应用that连接，排除A、D项。故选C。 3．Since ________ in 2024, the electric vehicle model, ________ over 100,000 units, ________ a symbol of green transportation. A．launching; sold; becoming B．having launched; sold; has become C．being launched; has sold; becoming D．launched; sold; has become 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：自2024年推出以来，这款电动汽车车型已售出超过10万辆，成为绿色交通的象征。the electric vehicle model与launch是被动关系，应用过去分词launched，此处是状语从句的省略用法，完整表述是“Since it was launched in 2024”。the electric vehicle model与sell是被动关系，应用过去分词sold。since引导的时间状语从句表过去，主句常用现在完成时，主语the electric vehicle model是单数，应用has become。故选D。 4．When ________, you mustn’t speak a word during the interview. A．not asking B．being not asked C．not asked D．having not asked 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当你在面试期间没有被问到时，你绝不能说一个字。在when, while, if, as if, though (或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词引导的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。“When ________”是时间状语从句，原句为“When you were not asked”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略you were后，应保留not asked。故选C项。 5．It was his refusal to cooperate with the investigation ________ led to ________ of involvement in the case. A．which; him being suspected B．that; his being suspected C．which; he was suspected D．that; his suspected 【答案】B 【解析】考查强调句和非谓语动词。句意：正是由于他拒绝配合调查，才使他被怀疑与此案有关。去掉It was和第一空句子依然完整，因此此处为强调句：it was+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其他，句中强调主语his refusal to cooperate with the investigation，应用that；lead to one’s doing sth.“导致某人做某事”是固定搭配，为动名词复合结构作宾语，且“他”和suspect之间为被动关系，故应用动名词的被动式being done。综上，故选B。 6．Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A．facing; performing B．faced; performing C．faced; to perform D．facing; having performed 【答案】B 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略、非谓语动词。句意：一些心理学家建议，当面对一项困难的任务时，一个人如果在心理上想象自己表现良好，就能提高自己的表现。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故“when ________ with a difficult task”为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when one is_____ (face) with a difficult task，be faced with“面对”为固定短语，第一空用过去分词faced。imagine sb doing sth为固定短语，意为“想象某人做某事”，第二空应用perform“表现”的现在分词performing，作宾补。故选B。 7．________ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise. A．Rushed he out B．Out rushed he C．Out he rushed D．Out did he rush 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装的用法。句意：他一听到那可怕的声音，就穿着拖鞋冲了出去。动词短语rush out意为“冲出去”，主语为he，表示方位的副词out置于句首，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装，本句中主语是人称代词，不能用完全倒装，he应放在rushed之前，out之后。故选C。 8．Hardly ______ the classroom when the bell ______ for the end of the exam. A．had he left; rang B．he had left; had rung C．has he left; rings D．he has left; has rung 【答案】A 【解析】考查倒装用法和时态。句意：他刚离开教室，考试结束的铃声就响了。分析句子可知，hardly位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即“Hardly + had + 主语 + 过去分词+ when + 主语 + 一般过去时”，表示“一…… 就……”。在这个句子中，“他离开教室”这个动作发生在“考试结束铃响”之前，所以“离开教室”要用过去完成时，“铃响”用一般过去时。故选A项。 9．— I didn’t participate in the discussions. — ________. A．So can I B．Nor do I C．Neither did I D．So do I 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装句的用法。句意：——我没有参加讨论。——我也没有。上文“didn’t participate”是否定句，表示后者情况与前者相同，应用“Neither/Nor + 助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”结构，上文的助动词是did，因此此处也应用助动词did，构成“Neither did I”。故选C项。 10．He _________  his self-control and a calm mind ________ violence. A．conserved; in face of threaten B．conserved; under threat of C．preserved; when threatening to D．preserved; when threatened with 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析和状语从句的省略用法。句意：面对暴力的威胁，他保持了自制和冷静。分析句子可知，该句第一空：“conserve”意为“保护、保存（自然资源等）”，“preserve” 意为“维持、保持（某种状态或品质）”。句中“self-control and a calm mind”（自制力和冷静的头脑）是需要 “维持” 的状态，因此第一空应选“preserved”，排除 A、B 选项。该句第二空：“when threatened with”是“when he was threatened with”的省略形式，“be threatened with”为固定搭配，意为 “受到…… 的威胁”，符 “在受到暴力威胁时”的语境。C选项“when threatening to” 逻辑不通（主语“he”与“threaten”为被动关系，而非主动），故排除。故选D项。 一、单项选择 1．Not only ______ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends. A．he was forcing B．he was forced C．was he forcing D．was he forced 2．Hardly ______ down, ______ he stepped in. A．had I sat, than B．I had sat, when C．had I sat, then D．had I sat, when 3．Sitting in the lecture hall _________ a group of eager students, _________ attention focused on the expert’ lecture. A．were, their B．was, whose C．was, their D．were, whose 4．Out of the room ______, his face flushed with rage, eyes blazing like hot coals. A．did the angry man storm B．stormed the angry man C．stormed he D．did he storm 5．In the center of our school our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building. A．lying B．lay C．lie D．lies 6．On the wall________a noticeboard that says: “Please keep a two-meter distance from each other when you are lining up”. A．hangs B．is hanged C．hanging D．hung 7．Only when students _____ willing to learn _____ be active in learning activities. A．will become; they can B．become; they can C．will become; can they D．become; can they 8．Only ________ the importance of environmental protection ________ in harmony with nature. A．realizing; can we live B．when we realize; can we live C．we realize; we can live D．do we realize; we can live 9．Nor ________ to imagine ________ its native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. A．they would fail; what B．they would fail; how C．would they fail; how D．would they fail; what 10．________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. A．Unpopular as was white B．Much as white was unpopular C．As white was unpopular D．Unpopular as white was 11．Only when she received the invitation to kiss birthday party______ the old dress out of the wardrobe and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit. A．she has taken; to be found B．did she take; to find C．she had taken; finding D．had she taken; to find 12．________  at the railway station when it began to rain. A．Hardly had he arrived B．Hardly he had arrived C．No sooner did he arrive D．No sooner arrived he 13．_________, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with an eraser. A．Hard a diamond is B．Hard as a diamond is C．As a diamond is hard D．How hard is a diamond 14．________ that it was made into a film. A．So great the success of the book was B．So successful the book was C．So the book was successful D．So great was the success of the book 15．Life is hard at present. Hardly ______ by ______ some price or other going up. A．a day goes; with B．a day goes; without C．does any day go; with D．does any day go; without 16．—______ that he didn’t dare to move an inch. —So ______, and so ______ you, if you were in the dark. A．So frightened was he; was he; would B．He was so frightened; he was; were C．So frightened was he; he was; would D．So frightened he was; was he; were 17．Unless ______ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．to invite D．having invited 18．When ______a mistake, young people should be brave enough to admit it rather than the other way round. A．made B．to make C．making D．had made 19．When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A．absorbing; that B．absorbing; which C．absorbed; it D．absorbed; as 20．When ________, the library will be open to the public next month. A．completed B．completing C．being completed D．to be completed 21．What I would like ______ now is ______ my bad habits and make up for my lost time. A．doing; to break B．to do; breaking C．doing; breaking D．to do; break 22．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______. A．were told to B．are told C．are told to D．were told 23．—Have you watered the flowers? —No，but ________. A．I am B．I’m going C．I’m just going to D．I will go 24．I you can finish the exam in two hours. A．does believe B．do believe C．did believed D．do believed 25．Cars moved very slowly in the 1930s，but they ________ faster than in the 1920s. A．were moving B．did move C．had moved D．would move 26．I ________ my homework, but I left it ________at home. A．do finish; behind B．do finish; out C．did finish; out D．did finish; behind 27．— I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have been shouting at you. — You ________ your temper but that’s all right. A．have lost B．had lost C．were losing D．did lose 28．To  _________ credit the four countries _________ work together in some areas. A．their; do B．them; does C．its; did D．they; to do 29．It was because Laura posted some false information on the Internet ________ she was arrested. A．that B．where C．which D．so 30．It was not so much the opportunities she got ______ the way that she seized and made the most of them ______ made her succeed. A．but; that B．as; that C．nor; which D．like; which 31．________ wasn’t until we each went our separate ways that I began to learn how to do things for myself. A．What B．It C．That D．As 32．—Was it by cutting down staff she saved the firm? —No, it was by improving work efficiency. A．when B．what C．how D．that 33．It was during the 2025 Spring Festival travel rush, which was expected to see a record 9 billion domestic journeys, ________ the government rolled out various measures to ensure smooth transportation. A．when B．which C．where D．that 34．It was in the remote village _______ he grew up _______ he developed his love for nature. A．that; that B．where; that C．that; that D．where; where 35．It was in that small, cozy coffee shop by the river the two old friends reunited after years of separation. They shared many memories and laughed a lot. A．where B．which C．when D．that 36．________ in the future to bridge the gender gap and diversity in the scientific field? A．Do you suggest what we can do B．What do you suggest that we should do C．Do you suggest what can we do D．What do you suggest we do 37．—We haven’t heard from uncle Wang for such a long time. —What do you suppose ______ to him? A．to happen B．having happened C．happened D．that happened 38．Mrs. Wu, a dorm keeper at the university, delivered a wonderful speech, _______ of great significance to students. A．I think it was B．which I think was C．what I think was D．which I think it was 39．There won’t be any trouble, ________? A．will there B．will it C．be there 40．— Listen！There’s a strange noise over there. —There _______ some dangerous animals , let’s run away！ A．will be B．could have C．will have D．might be 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing recently made technological history by hosting the world’s first half-marathon for humanoid robots, marking a significant milestone in robotics development. Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots 41 (complete) the 21-kilometer race. The winner, Tiangong Ultra, finished it in just 2 hours and 40 minutes. This groundbreaking 42 (compete) represented a crucial transition from controlled laboratory testing to real-world application. Unlike artificial lab environments, the marathon’s unpredictable outdoor conditions tested the robots’ adaptability and endurance capabilities. Beyond sports, such robots are already in use — for example, the specialized inspection robots 43 (develop) by China Southern Power Grid, can operate 44 (reliable) in temperature extremes ranging from 40°C to 80°C while maintaining power lines in remote 45 (mountain) regions. Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, 46 (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in 47 has become an international race to advance this technology. However, experts caution that 48 rapid progress, significant technical hurdles remain. Most robots currently operate at Level 2 autonomy but achieving Level 4 — full independence — needs breakthroughs in AI decision-making. For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields 49 may transform industries and daily life. 50 successful Beijing marathon serves as both a testament to how far we have come and s preview of the remarkable innovations still to come. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A short soft brush connected to a long hard handle — a simple Chinese writing brush (毛笔) can describe the most complicated idea. Perhaps the writing brush is one of the few tools invented by humans that is so practical yet so rich in symbolic meanings over 51 (century). It not only 52 (express) common people’s feelings, but also recorded history and created the most refined art and literature of this culture, greatly 53 (influence) the development path of Chinese civilization. The writing brush is not only a symbol of Chinese culture, but also the 54 (create) of Chinese culture. Meng Tian, a great general (将军) of the Qin state, has long been considered 55 the forefather (祖先) of the writing brush. One day, he was out hunting. He saw that the tail of 56 unlucky rabbit had left a trail of blood on the ground, 57 inspired him to make the first Chinese writing brush in history. 58 (actual), the history of the Chinese brush dates back at least 6, 000 years. Archaeological evidence (考古证据) shows that more than 6, 000 years ago, people living in the Banpo site, 10 kilometers east of today’s Xi’an, Shaanxi province, 59 (use) brushes to draw patterns and lines. However, in the late 20th century, with the widespread adoption of modern pens, writing brushes began to lose their long-standing importance. 60 (protect) this ancient craft, Hu Brush made in Huzhou was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 All human societies play games. Kicking a ball can be found everywhere whether just a ball of cloth, or a skin 61 (stuff) with feathers or air. But complex games and team sports have tended 62 (arise) in big civilizations — the 63 (high) the cultural level of a society is, the greater the complexity of interaction is, and hence perhaps the more complex the forms of sports are. This is not always 64 case. The ancient Greeks, for example, 65 (prefer) individual not team sports. But in China for well over 2,000 years, people played the game of “kickball” — cuju. Cuju was played as an entertainment in important situations such as the 66 (receive) of foreign ambassadors. Even emperors played kickball. In a Confucian society, kickboxing clubs valued mercy and politeness, as you’d expect. A great player was one 67 showed “the spirit of the game”. The “Ten Essentials of Kickball” included respect for other players, polite behavior 68 team spirit. There was to be no ungentlemanly behavior, no dangerous play, and no hogging (独占) the ball. In other words, as we used to say, “Play up and play the game.” What a contrast with the ancient Greek athletics where only victory counted and if that needed trickery or cruel professional fouls (犯规), that would be acceptable! 69 a way of national culture protection, cuju 70 (list) into China’s first group of intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 4 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 19th Asian Games, held in Hangzhou in 2023, was an event 71 great importance that brought together athletes and fans from all over Asia. This international sports event not only was a place for sports competition 72 a celebration of Asian cultures and unity. The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games was a wonderful show that closely combined advanced technology with Hangzhou’s rich cultural history. One of the most attractive parts was the virtual firework display. This new thing of the digital age added a sense of modernity and surprise to the ceremony, 73 (draw) the attention of the world and setting a new standard for big event openings. Athletes from different Asian countries had fierce competitions. They showed great sports skills, 74 (determine), and sports spirit. 75 they wanted was not just to win medals; instead, they tried to build bridges of friendship and mutual respect among countries. The 76 (volunteer), wearing bright uniforms, were everywhere. They gave warm welcomes, provided helpful information, and helped with all kinds of tasks, from showing the audience the way to 77 (help) athletes with what they needed. Their friendly and 78 (profession) ways made every participant feel at home. In summary, the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou was a great success. It 79 (leave) a lasting memory for all 80 took part and set a good example for future international sports events. 参考答案 一、 1．D 【解析】考查时态、语态和倒装句。句意：他不仅被迫呆在家里，而且还被禁止见他的朋友。句子主语he 和force 之间是被动关系，且发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。当not only...but also...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装结构。部分倒装是指将“情态动词/助动词/be”提到主语之前。故选D。 2．D 【解析】考查固定短语和倒装。句意：我刚坐下，他就进来了。hardly...when...是一个固定的句型，意为 “一…… 就……”。当 “hardly” 位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装结构，即把助动词 had 提到主语之前。故选D。 3．A 【解析】考查主谓一致和独立主格结构。句意：一群渴望知识的学生坐在演讲厅里，注意力集中在专家的讲座上。“Sitting in the lecture hall _____ a group of eager students”是倒装句，主语a group of eager students是复数含义，所以谓语动词应该用复数形式，排除B项和C项；“______ attention focused on the expert’ lecture”是独立主格结构，在句中作状语，修饰“a group of eager students”，表示“他们的注意力集中在专家的讲座上”，因为“attention”和“a group of eager students”之间是所属关系，their表示“他们的”，选项D中的“whose”通常引导定语从句，不能用于独立主格结构，所以可排除。故选A。 4．B 【解析】考查全部倒装句。句意：那个愤怒的男人冲出了房间，脸上泛着怒火，眼睛像燃烧的炭火一样发亮。当表示地点的介词短语（如“Out of the room”）置于句首时，如果主语为名词，句子需采用全部倒装，即“地点状语+谓语动词+主语”，此时谓语动词直接位于主语之前，无需助动词；如果主语为代词，则用正常语序，无需倒装。本句将谓语stormed放在主语the angry man前。故选B。 5．D 【解析】考查时态以及主谓一致。句意：在我们学校的中心是图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。空处为句子的谓语动词。本句话把表示地点的介词短语提到了句首，所以句子用了全部倒装，即这句话的主语为our library。根据定语从句中的is可知，本句话用一般现在时态，是对一般事实的描述。主语为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选D。 6．A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：墙上挂着一个布告栏，上面写着：“核酸检测排队时，请大家保持2米距离。”本句是完全倒装结构，空处为主句谓语动词，结合语境和says可知，此处强调一个客观事实，本句中动词hang“悬挂”为不及物动词，应用一般现在时的主动语态，主语a noticeboard为第三人称单数主语，故谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 7．D 【解析】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：只有当学生愿意学习时，他们才会积极参与学习活动。第一空考查主将从现，这里时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，第二空考查部分倒装，“Only when...”引导条件状语从句，only+状语位于句首，主句用部分倒装，即将助动词提到主语前面，主句采用倒装结构“can they be active...”，强调“学生愿意学习”是“积极参与学习活动”的前提。故选D项。 8．B 【解析】考查时间状语从句和部分倒装结构。句意：只有当我们意识到环境保护的重要性时，我们才能与自然和谐相处。only修饰时间状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，其结构是“助动词/be/情态动词+主语+动词原形”。第一空是由when引导时间状语从句，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，故使用when we realize；第二空中将情态动词提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装结构即can we live。故选B。 9．C 【解析】考查倒装句和宾语从句。句意：他们也不会忘记去想象数千年来当地居民是如何与他们的自然栖息地和谐共处的。在英语中，否定副词“nor”位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将情态动词、助动词或系动词等提到主语之前，所以第一空处“would they fail”是正确的倒装形式；第二空处“its native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years”是宾语从句，结合句意，需要一个表示方式的引导词作状语，所以用连接副词how引导该宾语从句。故选C项。 10．D 【解析】考查部分倒装句。句意：尽管白色在过去不受欢迎，但当下它却是婚纱的热门之选。as表示“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句，且句子用部分倒装句。本句倒装句为：形容词+as+主语+be。故选D项。 11．B 【解析】考查倒装句和动词不定式。句意：直到收到生日派对的邀请，她才从衣橱里拿出那件旧衣服试穿，却发现不合身。“Only+when从句”位于句首，主句部分要使用部分倒装的语序，根据received可知，主语为一般过去时，则为“did she take”；“only to do” 的意思是“不料(却)……，结果(却)……”，表示一个没有料到的结果，故选B。 12．A 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：他刚到火车站就开始下雨了。“hardly...when...”和“no sooner...than...”都表示“一……就……”，当hardly和no sooner位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，其结构为“Hardly/No sooner + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 其他”。B选项没有倒装，C选、D项项应为“No sooner had he arrived”；A 选项“Hardly had he arrived”使用了正确的过去完成时的倒装结构，故选A项。 13．B 【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然钻石很硬，但用橡皮在上面钻一个洞是很容易的。A、D选项和空后的句子之间无连词，不符合语法结构，可排除；B、C项是as引导的让步状语从句，需要用部分倒装，本题中将表语前置。故选B。 14．D 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：这本书非常成功，甚至被拍成了电影。此处是“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句的倒装，将“so+形容词”置于句首，使用部分倒装，故选D。 15．D 【解析】考查倒装句和介词。句意：目前的生活很艰难。几乎没有一天不涨价的。否定词hardly“几乎没有”放在句，句子用部分倒装，即把助动词 does放在主语之前。选项A和B没有用部分倒装，故排除。without“没有”，with“和，用，有”。这里需要表达的是“没有一天不涨价”，所以应该使用介词“without”。故选D。 16．C 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：——他太害怕了，连一英寸都不敢动。  ——他确实如此，如果你被蒙在鼓里的话，你也会是那样的。“So frightened”位于句首，引发部分倒装，表示“他确实如此”使用自然语序，表示“你也会是那样的”使用部分倒装语序，“会怎么样”使用情态动词would。故选C。 17．A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，这里的大多数高中生在课堂上更喜欢保持沉默。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be。故Unless引导的状语从句完整句子为Unless most high school students are ______ to speak,，most high school students与invite“邀请”之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态are invited，故省略后用invited。故选A。 18．C 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当犯错误时，年轻人应该勇于承认，而不是反其道行之。本题考查状语从句的省略，当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词be时，可省略从句中的主语和动词be。现在的时间范畴。从句主语也为young people，为复数主语，系动词用are，从句主语young people与动词make之间构成主动关系，故状语从句中完整表达是When young people are making a mistake。故选C项。 19．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：当他全神贯注地工作时，他常常会忘记吃饭和睡觉。一空处为when引导的时间状语从句，从句中主语为he，谓语为固定搭配：be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于”，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且谓语动词含有be的某种形式时，从句中主语和be可省略，所以一空处填absorbed，二空处引导非限制性定语从句，as is often the case情况常常如此，为固定表达，故选D项。 20．A 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：图书馆竣工后将于下个月向公众开放。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be。complete与主语the library之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be completed，则从句的完整形式为When the library is completed，省略the library is，所以空处需要过去分词形式。故选A项。 21．D 【解析】考查动词短语和省略to的不定式。句意：我现在想做的是改掉我的坏习惯，弥补我失去的时间。分析句子可知，该句第一处为what引导的主语从句中谓语动词的填入，为动词短语would like to do“想要做某事”；该句第二空为不定式to的省略用法，be动词is连接两个句子时，如果表语是不定式，且前文有do的某种形式时，表语的to省略。故选D项。 22．C 【解析】考查省略句。句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。 【点睛】to代替不定式 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try，tell等动词连用。 注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。 本句还原为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to stand up。省略句为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。故C选项正确。 23．C 【解析】考查动词不定式的省略。句意：——你浇花了吗？——没有，但是我打算去浇的。be going to do sth.将要做某事；此处是动词不定式的省略，只留下动词不定式的to。故选C。 24．B 【解析】考查强调结构。句意：我真地相信你能在两小时内完成考试。believe是动词，表示“相信”，在句中作谓语，对谓语动词表示强调，应用“do/does/did+动词原形”，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语是I，助动词应用do。故选B项。 25．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：汽车在20世纪30年代移动得很慢，但确实比20世纪20年代移动得更快。根据时间状语 in the 1920s可知，句子为一般过去时态。如果想对谓语动词进行强调，需要在动词前面加助动词do。本句话为一般过去时，所以助动词do变成did。故选B。 26．D 【解析】考查强调谓语和动词短语辨析。句意：我确实完成了作业，但我把它忘在家里了。观察句子并理解句意可知，第一个句子为肯定句，句子中有助动词，为强调谓语，根据left可以推测，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，强调谓语用did finish。leave out“遗漏、省去、不考虑”，leave behind“遗留，留下”，此处表示将书忘在家里，用leave behind。故选D项。 27．D 【解析】考查强调谓语的用法。句意：--对不起，我不应该冲你大声喊叫。--你确实发脾气了但是没关系。分析句子可知，此处强调谓语lost，强调谓语时，可以用do,does,did+动词原形。分析句意可知，此事已经过去了，故应用一般过去时。故应用did lose。结合选项，故选D。 28．A 【解析】考查代词和强调。句意：值得赞扬的是，这四个国家确实在某些领域进行了合作。to one’s credit表示“值得赞扬的是”，主语是the four countries，所以第一空用形容词性物主代词their；第二空强调谓语work，讲述的是现在的事情，应该用一般现在时，主语是复数，用助动词do+动词原形，表示强调，故选A。 29．A 【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是因为Laura 在互联网上发布了一些虚假信息，她才被逮捕。根据上文“It was because Laura posted some false information on the Internet”和下文“she was arrested”可知，去掉“It was”和设空处后，句子结构完整，符合强调句基本形式“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”。被强调部分为原因状语，此时强调句用that引导。故选A。 30．B 【解析】考查固定搭配和强调句。句意：与其说她获得了机会，不如说她抓住并充分利用了这些机会，这使她取得了成功。not so much ... as“与其……不如……”为固定搭配。第二个空为强调句：it be+强调部分+that。故选B项。 31．B 【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到大家各奔东西，我才开始学着如何自己做事情。此句为not ...until的强调句型，强调句的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。当被强调部分是人时，可以用who或that；当被强调部分是物或其他情况时，用that。本句强调的是时间状语“until we each went our separate ways”，故选B。 32．D 【解析】考查强调句。句意：——她是通过裁员拯救了公司吗？——不，是通过提高工作效率。前句使用强调句句型was it+被强调部分+that+其他部分，为强调句的一般疑问句句式，强调by cutting down staff，所以空处应用that。故选D。 33．D 【解析】考查强调句。句意：在2025年春运期间，国内出行人次预计将达到创纪录的90亿人次，政府推出了各种措施来确保交通畅通。此处为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”，本句中强调的是时间状语during the 2025 Spring Festival travel rush, which was expected to see a record 9 billion domestic journeys，故应用that。故选D。 34．B 【解析】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：就是在他长大的那个偏僻的村庄里，他养成了他对大自然的热爱。本句第一个空需要使用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此需要使用关系副词where；第二个空需要使用that与句首It is构成强调句的固定结构，对地点状语“in the village”进行强调，且village被定语从句修饰，因此第一个空填where，第二个空填that。故选B。 35．D 【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是在河边那家小而舒适的咖啡馆里，两位老朋友在分别多年后重逢。他们分享了许多回忆，笑得很开心。分析句子可知，句中使用了强调句型，强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句中强调的是原句中状语“in that small, cozy coffee shop by the river”，句子其它部分由that引出。故选D项。 36．D 【解析】考查插入语。句意：你建议我们今后如何弥合科学领域的性别差距和多样性？分析句子可知，本句原本应为what should we do， do you suggest为插入语，应放在特殊疑问词后，do you suggest后应用陈述语序，且suggest后应用虚拟语气，should可以省略，所以可构成What do you suggest we do。故选D项。 37．C 【解析】考查谓语动词。——我们好久没有收到王叔叔的信了。——你认为他发生了什么事？分析句子结构可知，do you suppose为插入语，所以该句中what作主语，句中缺少谓语动词，根据上文中“很久没收到王叔叔的信了”可知，此处询问的是“在没收到王叔叔信的这段时间他发生了生么事”，所以应使用一般过去时，且happen与句子主语之间为主动关系。故选C项。 38．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：吴先生，一名大学的寝室管理员，上周发表了一篇精彩的，我认为对学生们很有意义的演说。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是speech，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，选项中I think为插入语，应该位于which之后。故选B。 39．A 【解析】考查there be 句型的反意疑问句。句意：不会有什么麻烦的，对吧?此处为there be句型的反意疑问句，借助于助动词will，前否定后肯定，所以应用will there的形式。故选A项。 40．D 【解析】考查there be句型。句意：——听！那边有奇怪的噪音。——或许是有某种危险的动物吧，我们还是跑走吧。A. will be将会是；B. could have可能有；C. will have将会有；D. might be可能是。根据句意可知，说话人推断出那里有危险的动物，表示“某处有某物”应用there be句型，且might意为“可能”，推测时表示事情发生可能性很小，应用there might be表示。故选D项。 二、 1 41．completing 42．competition 43．developed 44．reliably 45．mountainous 46．have joined 47．what 48．despite 49．that 50．The 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京举办的世界首个人形机器人半程马拉松比赛，标志着机器人技术发展的一个重要里程碑，并探讨了该技术的应用前景和当前面临的挑战。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：来自顶尖大学和科技公司的20支队伍参加了比赛，其中6个机器人完成了21公里的比赛。此处是with的复合结构作状语，宾语robots与complete之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填completing。 42．考查名词。句意：这一开创性的比赛代表了从受控实验室测试到实际应用的关键转变。空格前有形容词groundbreaking修饰，需填名词competition，作主语，意为“比赛”。故填competition。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了体育领域之外，这类机器人已经在实际应用中得到使用——例如，中国南方电网研发的专门用于检查的机器人，能够在40摄氏度到80摄氏度的极端温度环境中可靠运行，维护偏远山区的电力线路。develop作后置定语，与逻辑主语robots是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。 44．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词operate需用副词reliably作状语，意为“可靠地”。故填reliably。 45．考查形容词。句意：在偏远的山区维护电力线路。句意：除了体育领域之外，这类机器人已经在实际应用中得到使用——例如，中国南方电网研发的专门用于检查的机器人，能够在40摄氏度到80摄氏度的极端温度环境中可靠运行，维护偏远山区的电力线路。修饰名词regions，需用形容词mountainous作定语，意为“多山的”。故填mountainous。 46．考查动词时态。句意：自今年年初以来，小米和华为等中国科技巨头深知其中的机遇，在已成为一场推进该技术发展的国际竞赛中与特斯拉和丰田等汽车业领军企业携手合作。今年以来，小米和华为等中国科技巨头已与特斯拉和丰田等汽车行业领导者联手。join(联合)是谓语动词，结合since引导时间状语，描述从过去持续到现在的情况，应用现在完成时态，且主语Chinese tech giants是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填have joined。 47．考查宾语从句。句意同上。in后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 48．考查介词。句意：然而专家警告，尽管进展迅速，但仍存在重大技术障碍。空格后接名词短语rapid progress，表示让步关系，用介词despite构成介词短语作让步状语，表示“尽管”。故填despite。 49．考查定语从句。句意：对于考虑未来在科技领域发展的学生来说，人形机器人代表着最具前景和令人兴奋的领域之一，它可能会改变各行各业和日常生活。空处引导定语从句，先行词fields，在从句中作主语，先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 50．考查冠词。句意：北京马拉松的成功既证明了我们已经取得的成就，也预示了未来将出现的卓越创新。此处特指“北京马拉松”，用定冠词the限定，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。 2 51．centuries 52．expressed 53．influencing 54．creator 55．as 56．an 57．which 58．Actually 59．used 60．To protect 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国毛笔的象征意义、相传的发明者、悠久历史，及为保护毛笔工艺将湖笔列入非遗的情况。 51．考查名词复数。句意：或许毛笔是人类发明的为数不多的工具之一，几个世纪以来，它既实用又富含象征意义。century为可数名词，表示“多个世纪”，应用复数形式centuries。故填centuries。 52．考查动词时态。句意：它不仅表达了普通人的情感，还记录了历史，创造了该文化中最精致的艺术和文学，极大地影响了中华文明的发展道路。此处为谓语动词，描述毛笔过去到现在所起的作用，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为expressed，与后文“recorded”和“created”时态一致。故填expressed。 53．考查非谓语动词。句意：它不仅表达了普通人的情感，还记录了历史，创造了该文化中最精致的艺术和文学，极大地影响了中华文明的发展道路。此处为非谓语动词，前面整个句子描述的内容与influence为主动关系，用现在分词influencing作结果状语。故填influencing。 54．考查名词。句意：毛笔不仅是中国文化的象征，也是中国文化的创造者。此处作表语，用create的名词形式creator，意为“创造者”，根据前文“the”及语境，指“毛笔这一创造者”，用单数形式。故填creator。 55．考查介词。句意：秦国名将蒙恬，长期被认为是毛笔的始祖。此处为固定搭配“be considered as”，意为“被认为是……”，所以用介词as。故填as。 56．考查冠词。句意：他看到一只不幸的兔子的尾巴在地上留下了血迹，这启发他制作了历史上第一支中国毛笔。rabbit为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一只不幸的兔子”，且unlucky是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 57．考查定语从句。句意：他看到一只不幸的兔子的尾巴在地上留下了血迹，这启发他制作了历史上第一支中国毛笔。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文“兔子尾巴留血迹”这件事，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 58．考查副词。句意：实际上，中国毛笔的历史至少可以追溯到6000年前。此处修饰整个句子，用actual的副词形式actually，意为“实际上”，句首首字母大写。故填Actually。 59．考查动词时态。句意：考古证据表明，6000多年前，生活在今陕西省西安市以东10公里半坡遗址的人们，就用毛笔绘制图案和线条。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“more than 6, 000 years ago”，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为used。故填used。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护这一古老工艺，2006年，湖州生产的湖笔被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，“将湖笔列入非遗”的目的是“保护古老工艺”，用动词不定式to protect作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To protect。 3 61．stuffed 62．to arise 63．higher 64．the 65．preferred 66．reception 67．who/that 68．and 69．As 70．was listed 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人类运动的普遍性，对比中西方运动差异，重点讲述中国古代蹴鞠的历史、文化内涵及非遗保护情况。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：踢球运动随处可见，无论是布球，还是塞满羽毛或空气的皮囊。此处为非谓语动词，a skin与stuff为被动关系，即“皮囊被塞满”，用过去分词stuffed作后置定语。故填stuffed。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：但复杂的运动和团队运动往往出现在大型文明中——社会的文化水平越高，互动的复杂性就越大，因此运动形式可能也越复杂。此处为固定搭配“tend to do sth.”，意为“往往会做某事”，用动词不定式to arise作宾语。故填to arise。 63．考查形容词比较级。句意：但复杂的运动和团队运动往往出现在大型文明中——社会的文化水平越高，互动的复杂性就越大，因此运动形式可能也越复杂。此处为“the +比较级，the +比较级”结构，表“越……，越……”，用high的比较级higher。故填higher。 64．考查冠词。句意：但情况并非总是如此。此处为固定搭配“be the case”，意为“情况属实、符合情况”，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 65．考查动词时态。句意：例如，古希腊人更喜欢个人运动而非团队运动。此处为谓语动词，描述古希腊时期人们的运动偏好，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为preferred。故填preferred。 66．考查名词。句意：蹴鞠在接待外国使节等重要场合被用作娱乐活动。此处作介词such as的宾语，用receive的名词形式reception，意为“接待”，为不可数名词。故填reception。 67．考查定语从句。句意：优秀的球员是那些展现“体育精神”的人。此处为定语从句，先行词为one，指代a great player，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 68．考查连词。句意：“蹴鞠十要”包括尊重对手、文明举止和团队精神。此处连接“respect for other players”、“polite behavior”和“team spirit”三个并列名词短语，表顺承关系，用连词and。故填and。 69．考查介词。句意：作为国家文化保护的一种方式，蹴鞠于2006年被列入中国第一批非物质文化遗产名录。结合句意，此处表示“作为……方式”，用介词as，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 70．考查动词语态和时态。句意：作为国家文化保护的一种方式，蹴鞠于2006年被列入中国第一批非物质文化遗产名录。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2006”，用一般过去时；且cuju与list为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，所以谓语动词为was listed。故填was listed。 4 71．of 72．but 73．drawing 74．determination 75．What 76．volunteers 77．helping 78．professional 79．left 80．who/that 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2023年杭州第十九届亚运会的重要意义、精彩的开幕式、运动员的竞技表现、志愿者的服务，以及此次亚运会的成功和深远影响。 71．考查介词。句意： 2023年在杭州举办的第十九届亚运会，是一场具有重大意义的赛事，它汇聚了来自亚洲各地的运动员和粉丝。be of great importance=be very important。故填of。 72．考查固定搭配。句意：这一国际体育赛事不仅是体育竞技的舞台，也是亚洲文化与团结的庆典。此处为固定搭配not only...but (also)...“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 73．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一数字时代的新事物为开幕式增添了现代感与惊喜，吸引了全世界的关注，并为大型赛事开幕式树立了新标准。句中已有谓语动词added，空处应用非谓语动词；draw与逻辑主语This new thing之间是主动关系，且与setting并列，需用现在分词形式。故填drawing。 74．考查名词。句意：他们展现出了高超的运动技能、坚定的决心和体育精神。句中skills和spirit均为名词，此处需填名词与它们构成并列结构；determine的名词形式是determination，表示“决心”，为不可数名词。故填determination。 75．考查主语从句。句意：他们想要的不仅仅是赢得奖牌，相反，他们努力在各国之间搭建友谊与相互尊重的桥梁。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指“想要的东西”，应用连接代词what作引导词，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 76．考查名词的数。句意：穿着鲜艳制服的志愿者们随处可见。句中谓语动词were为复数形式，主语需与其保持一致；volunteer的复数形式是volunteers。故填volunteers。 77．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们热情迎接、提供有用信息，并协助处理各类事务，从为观众引路到帮助运动员解决所需。from...to...“从……到……”中to为介词，后接help的动名词形式作宾语。故填helping。 78．考查形容词。句意：他们友好且专业的服务方式让每位参与者都有宾至如归的感觉。句中friendly为形容词，此处需填形容词与它并列共同修饰名词ways；profession的形容词形式是professional，表示“专业的”。故填professional。 79．考查时态。句意：它为所有参与者留下了深刻的回忆，并为未来的国际体育赛事树立了良好榜样。杭州亚运会发生在2023年，是过去的事件，谓语动词需用一般过去时；leave的过去式是left。故填left。 80．考查定语从句。句意：它为所有参与者留下了深刻的回忆，并为未来的国际体育赛事树立了良好榜样。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词all指人，且在定语从句中作主语，需用关系词who/that。故填who/that。 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $