第2部分 专题7 动词和动词短语-【中考快车道】2026年中考英语总复习教师用书Word

专题7　动词和动词短语 动词的分类 动词是表示动作或状态的词，根据在句中的功能，可以把动词分为实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词四类。 分类 用法含义 示例 实义动词 及物动词：后面必须接宾语。 read、study、learn、 watch、notice等 不及物动词：后面不能接宾语，但可以通过加介词接宾语。 look、listen、sit等 系动词 也叫连系动词，本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起作谓语。 be、look、become、feel、smell、keep等 助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等结构。 be、will、do/does/did、have/has等 情态动词 本身有一定的词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度、情感或看法，大多没有人称和数的变化。 can、may、must、need、should、would等 [巧学助记] 英语动词分四种，行为连系助动情； 动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用； 连系动词有词义，不能独立作谓语； 须与表语在一起，常与look、become、be； 助动词来无词义，不能独立作谓语； 时态、疑问和否定，do、be、will最常用； 情态动词can、may、must，表示语气和情态； 人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。 动词的基本形式 动词有原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词五种基本形式。 1．动词的第三人称单数构成规则 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s hope→hopes play→plays 以s，x，ch，sh，o结尾 加-es fix→fixes watch→watches do→does 以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i，再加es fly→flies study→studies [特别提醒] 加-s或-es变为第三人称单数后的读音规律： (1)在清辅音后发音为/s/，如hope-hopes/s/；take-takes/s/。 (2)在浊辅音或元音后发音为/z/，如train-trains/z/；play-plays/z/。 (3)在/s//z//////t//d/后发音为/Iz/，如fix-fixes/Iz/；teach-teaches/Iz/。 (4)在/t//d/后发音为/ts//dz/，如want-wants/ts/；need-needs/dz/。 2．动词的现在分词的构成规则 (1)一般情况在词尾加-ing，如go-going；wash-washing；sleep-sleeping。 (2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing，如：arrive-arriving；make-making；write-writing。 (3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing。如：run-running；stop-stopping。 (4)以ie结尾的动词，先将ie变为y，再加-ing，如：die-dying；lie-lying；tie-tying。 [特别提醒] 现在分词的词尾-ing发音统一为/I/，如：reading/I/；dancing/I/；swimming/I/。 3．动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规则 (1)规则动词的过去式及过去分词 ①一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加-ed。 如：work-worked；play-played；want-wanted；ask-asked。 ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。如：live-lived；move-moved；cause-caused。 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变为i，再加-ed。如：carry-carried；study-studied。 ④以重读闭音节结尾的动词，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped；fit-fitted。 [特别提醒] 加-d或-ed变为过去式及过去分词后的读音规律： (1)在清辅音后发音为/t/，如：look-looked/t/；laugh-laughed/t/。 (2)在浊辅音或元音后发音为/d/，如：move-moved/d/；carry-carried/d/。 (3)在/t//d/后发音为/Id/，如start-started/Id/；mend-mended/Id/。 [注意] 规则动词的过去分词与过去式一样。 (2)不规则动词的过去式及过去分词 英语单词中由动词原形转变为过去式和过去分词时，不是按照在词尾加-ed的规则进行变化的动词叫做不规则动词。不规则动词的过去式及过去分词复杂多变，常见的有以下几种类型。 ①AAA型 原形 过去式 过去分词 cut cut cut cost cost cost hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put read read read set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread ②AAB型 原形 过去式 过去分词 beat beat beaten ③ABA型 原形 过去式 过去分词 come came come become became become overcome overcame overcome run ran run ④ABB型 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -n -nt -nt learn，burn，mean -eep -ept -ept keep，sleep，sweep -ay -aid -aid say，pay，lay -ell -old -old tell，sell -end -ent -ent lend，spend，send － -aught -aught teach，catch － -ought -ought buy，bring，fight，think ⑤ABC型 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eak -oke -oken break，speak -ear -ore -orn wear，bear -ow -ew -own know，grow， blow，throw -i- -a- -u- begin，sink， swim，drink， sing，ring -i- -o- -n- drive，ride，rise [注意] 除上面类型中出现的不规则动词外，还有很多常用的重点不规则动词，也有的不规则动词的过去式及过去分词有两种不同的形式，需要我们特别记忆。 动词短语 构成形式 举例 用法特点 动词＋ 介词 break into破门而入 come from来自 deal with处理、对付 depend on依靠 laugh at嘲笑 look after 照顾 look for寻找 hear from收到……来信 take after与……相像 stand for 代表 send for派人去请 wait for等候 其后需要带宾语。 动词＋ 副词 come up被提及 cheer up 使振奋、高兴 clean up 打扫干净 fix up修理 get along 进展 give in屈服 give away赠送，分发 hold on坚持，等一会儿 put up建造，张贴 think over仔细考虑 wake up 醒来 作及物动词时，如果名词作宾语，宾语可以放在动副词组的后边，也可放在中间。但代词作宾语时，宾语要放在中间。 动词＋ 副词＋ 介词 add up to合计达 catch up with赶上 come up with提出 get away from逃离 get along with 进展 keep away from远离 keep on with继续做 look down upon/on 蔑视 look forward to 期盼 这类动词短语后跟宾语时，宾语置于介词之后。 动词＋ 名词＋ 介词 make contributions to对……作出贡献 make friends with与……交朋友 make fun of 取笑 make progress in在……取得进步 take care of 照顾 take part in参加 take pride in 以……为自豪 pay attention to注意 动词＋ 名词 lose heart 灰心 make a face做鬼脸 take place发生 make friends交朋友 be＋ 形容词＋ 介词 be fond of 喜欢 be afraid of 害怕 be famous for 以……出名 be good at 擅长于 be ready for 为……做好准备 be proud of 以……为自豪 be careful with 对……小心 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be的形式要根据主语的形式和时态发生变化。 Ⅰ．选择适当的动词或动词短语填空 turn out；look after；find out；be satisfied with；work out；give up；deal with；come up；stand for；throw away 1．(2024·聊城茌平模拟)The best way to deal with exam stress is to have a good study plan． 2．(2024·聊城临清模拟)To have healthy eyes，you have to look after them properly． 3．(2024·聊城茌平模拟)The full moon and moon cakes stand for family reunion (团聚)． 4．(2024·聊城冠县模拟)Peter sat in the square silently，tears coming up in his eyes． 5．(2024·聊城临清模拟)Go and find out whether there is anyone selling watermelons in the market． 6．(2024·聊城冠县模拟)Many people weren't satisfied with the famous actors for making the ads after accidents． 7．The mukbangers(吃播博主)throw away much food secretly during the show． 8．(2024·自贡中考)—I didn't pass the exam again．What should I do? —Don't give up．You'll succeed sooner or later． 9．(2024·云南中考)The students worked in groups to work out the difficult problem in the math class． 10．(2024·安徽中考)There can be some trouble at the beginning，but things will turn out well in the end． Ⅱ．根据汉语提示补全句子 1．(2024·聊城莘县模拟)你应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜，少吃垃圾食品。 You should try to eat more fresh fruit and vegetables and less junk food． 2．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)我真的很期待我的暑假。 I'm really looking forward to my summer vacation． 3．(2024·云南中考)聂耳是中国一位伟大的音乐家。我们都为他感到骄傲。 Nie Er is a great musician in China．We all take pride in him． 4．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)呼吁更多人关注北极熊的生存环境。 Call for more people to pay attention to the living environment of polar bears． 5．(2024·凉山州中考)为了保护青少年的视力，专家建议他们远离电子产品。 To protect teenagers' eyesight，experts advise them to stay away from electronic products． 课时规范训练(二十八) 考查范围：专题7　动词和动词短语　 (满分50分　时间50分钟) Ⅰ．根据汉语提示填写单词或短语(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 1．The husband couldn't pick up (接)the woman because he was caught by the police． 2．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)Suddenly，I remembered that I must have left (落下) the key in the car． 3．(2024·聊城冠县模拟)They set up (搭建) the world's highest automatic (自动的) weather station at an altitude (海拔) 8，830 meters． 4．(2024·达州中考)—Coco，I can't understand the meaning of this word． —You'd better look up (查询)the word in your dictionary． 5．(2023·辽宁丹东模拟改编)Although Chinese people like the color red，they try to avoid writing (写) one's name in red． Ⅱ．用动词的适当形式填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 1．(2024·福建中考)You must follow (follow) the traffic rules when riding a bike． 2．(2024·泸州中考)Imagine living (live) in a world you can't see the obstacles (障碍) in your way． 3．(2024·泸州中考)—Hi，Ethan．I called you at 8：00 last night，but you didn't answer． —Sorry，I was washing (wash) the dishes． 4．(2024·安徽中考改编)The 2028 Olympic Games will be held (hold) in Los Angeles． 5．We should learn to be independent．We'd better not depend (not depend) on our parents too much． Ⅲ．完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) (2024·聊城阳谷模拟改编)Melina Salazar 1 at Luby's restaurant in Texas．There was one special customer 2 Buck．He was so difficult that no waiter wanted to deal with him unless there was no other choice．Salazar was the exception (例外)：she was the only one willing to 3 Buck． Buck didn't have much patience，and he complained (抱怨) about everything．Salazar believed that respect was the key to good service．And she started 4 about the old man．But she certainly didn't expect the surprise he had for her． After seven years of serving Buck，Salazar was used to 5 him every day．She knew exactly when he would come in and knew that he was never late．When he didn't show up for two days in a row，Salazar got 6 ．It was nearly impossible for him 7 away for two days for no reason． Weeks passed without her 8 Buck．One day，Salazar received a call saying that Buck had died and left his car and 50，000 dollars for her， 9 her for her kindness． Salazar learned an important life lesson：looks can be misleading (误导的)．Even if some people seem hard to 10 ，this doesn't mean they can't appreciate (感激) the good things in life． 1．A．worked　　 B．works C．work 2．A．names B．name C．named 3．A．serve B．pay C．trust 4．A．care B．to care C．cares 5．A．seeing B．see C．be seen 6．A．worried B．tired C．excited 7．A．stay B．to stay C．staying 8．A．see B．to see C．seeing 9．A．helping B．protecting C．thanking 10．A．keep away from B．look forward to C．get on with [答案]　1～5　ACABA　 6～10　ABCCC Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。 (2024·东营中考改编)While I was going through the forest．I 1．fell (fall) on the ground．Ouch! That hurt．Then a voice said，“Are you all right？You aren't badly hurt，are you？” I looked up and saw a boy of my age．“No，I'm OK．Thanks．” He helped me up． “I haven't seen you at school．Do you live near here？” I asked． “No．I'm from Manchester，” with these words，the boy hurried away． Back home，Mum was 2．watching (watch) the news． “Hi，Grace，have you 3．heard (hear) about this boy，Mark？” she asked． “No．What boy？” I said． “A boy from Manchester．He's run away from home．Look! This is his dad．” There was a man on TV sitting next to a policeman．He was crying．Then they showed a photo of the missing boy．It was the boy in the forest! “Should I tell Mum？No．I mustn't 4．say (say) anything．I have to talk to Mark first，” I said to myself． The next day，I 5．found (find) Mark in the forest．I said，“Your dad was on TV last night．The police are looking for you．” He looked shocked and asked，“Have you told them？” “No，” I said，“I wanted to 6．talk (talk) to you first．Why have you run away？” He said sadly，“I argued with my dad．My mum died four years ago．Recently，my dad met a woman named Mel．Mel wants my dad for herself and isn't interested in me．That night，Dad 7．told (tell) me that we would all move to London because Mel's from London．But my grandpa and my friends 8．are (be) in Manchester．I don't want to move there．We both got angry．So I left in the midnight．” I felt sorry for Mark．But when I thought of his dad 9．crying (cry) on TV．I am sorry for him too．“What are you going to do？” I asked． “I don't know，” he replied． “Why not live with your grandpa in Manchester？Let your dad and Mel 10．move (move) to London and visit them in the holidays．” Mark didn't answer for a while．Then he nodded and smiled，“Can I use your phone？I need to call my dad．” Ⅴ．书面表达(满分20分) 良好的饮食习惯是身体健康的保证。你的饮食习惯是怎样的？请你根据以下要点和要求，以My eating habits为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的饮食习惯。 提示： 1．你的一日三餐经常吃些什么； 2．你最喜欢的食物和饮料是什么； 3．你认为你的饮食习惯健康吗，你应该怎么做。 注意： 1．文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 2．词数80左右。 My eating habits ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 My eating habits Good eating habits are good for our bodies．I have bread，eggs and milk for breakfast．And I have rice and chicken for lunch．I have noodles，vegetables and soup for dinner．Eating more vegetables can make our bodies stronger．I also eat some meat and some fruit．My favorite food is the hamburger． My favorite drink is cola．But they are bad for my health．I seldom have them． Healthy eating habits are important for us．So we'd better keep away from junk food．I think my eating habits are healthy．I still need to eat more fruit and vegetables to keep healthy． 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $