Unit 7 A Good Read (Grammar)（现在完成时）核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语讲义以“现在完成时”为核心，通过分模块解析构建知识体系，用表格归纳过去分词规则（如规则变化加-ed、不规则变化分类），分点梳理用法（影响结果、持续动作）、谓语构成（have/has+过去分词）、搭配副词（already/yet等）及句式转换，清晰呈现语法重难点及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与对比辨析指导，随学随练（如单项填空考“ever/never”用法）即时巩固，基础练习（词形填空）夯实基础，提升练习（语法填空、翻译句子）深化应用，培养语言能力与思维品质。不同层次学生可针对性训练，助力自主复习，教师可依此实施精准教学。

Unit 7 A Good Read 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)（现在完成时） 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 1. 现在完成时的用法 (1) 现在完成时的核心功能 · 现在完成时可以表示过去某个时候发生的动作或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。也可以表示过去某个时间发生的事与现在有关联。 They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到机场。(刚刚到机场，现在已经在机场了) Have you ever read The Journey to West? 你读过西游记吗？(询问过往的经历，参照现在) · 现在完成时还可以表示某个动作或状态从过去的某个时刻开始，一直持续到现在完成。（本部分下个单元重点学习） They have lived there since 1999. 自1999年以来，他们就一直住在这里。 (2) 现在完成时的谓语构成 · 现在完成时的谓语部分由“have/has+动词过去分词”构成。 · have/has取决于其的主语，主语是第三人称单数和不可数名词，用has；若不是，则用have。 They have finished the dinner. 他们吃完晚饭了。 She has cleaned the room. 她已经打扫了教室。 (3) 与现在完成时常搭配的副词 · already / yet already表示“已经”，用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ She has already arrived. 她已经到了。 · just:表示“刚刚”。 The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 · ever:表示“曾经”。 Have you ever watched the movie Ne Zha 2? 你看到电影《哪吒2》吗？ · never:表示“从不”。 She has never been to Japan. 她从没去过日本。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—The Three-Body Problem is the best book I have ever read. —I agree. I ________ it several times. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 2．—My cousin Tina ________ a lot these days. She used to dream of becoming a guide, but now she wants to be an astronaut. —Oh, I hope her dream can come true. A．has changed B．changed C．will change D．was changing 3．— What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? — Wonderful. I ________ it twice already. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see 4．— Have you bought a new CD __________? — Yes, I’ ve __________ bought one. A．already, already B．yet, yet C．already, yet D．yet, already 5．—Have you ________ been to Shanghai? —No, I have ________ been there. A．ever; never B．never; never C．never; ever D．ever; ever 2. 过去分词的构成规则与发音 (1) 过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 例词 例词 规则变化 一般情况，在词尾加-ed listen-listened; finish-finished 以不发音的e结尾，词尾直接加-d live-lived;close-closed 以辅音字母+y结尾，将y变为i，再加-ed study-studied;carry-carried 以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped; plan-planned 不规则变化 原形-过去式-过去分词拼写一致 cut-cut-cut; put-put-put;set-set-set 过去式与过去分词拼写一致 teach-taught-taught lose-lost-lost leave-left-left 原形含字母i，过去式变i为a，过去分词变i为u swim-swam-swum drink-drank-drunk sing-sang-sung 原形词尾为ow/aw，过去式词尾变为ew，过去分词词尾变味own know-knew-known grow-grew-grown throw-threw-thrown 其他情况 see-saw-seen speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen (2) 规则变化的过去分词的读音 · 规则变化的过去分词的读音与过去式读音规律相同，遵循“清-清；浊-浊”的规律，即在清音后读/t/；浊音和元音后读/d/。 如：help-helped/-t/；use-used/-d/；carry-carried/-d/；allow-allowed/-d/ · 在/t/,/d/后读/ɪd/。 如：start-started/-ɪd/；decide-decided/-ɪd/ [随学随练] 写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词形式 原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 1. prove 2. hide 3. shut 4. beat 5. steal 6. throw 7. lose 8. bleed 9. cut 10. shake 11. burn 12. deal 13. hit 14. lock 15. fly 16. hug 17. fall 18. carry 19. hold 20. lie 从下面四个单词中找出划线部分（词尾-ed）发音不同的词。 1．A．needed B．climbed C．loved D．jogged 2．A．ended B．visited C．arrived D．started 3．A．liked B．helped C．walked D．hated 4．A．planned B．rolled C．prepared D．skated 5．A．shopped B．enjoyed C．stayed D．wondered 3. 现在完成时的各种句式 (1) 陈述句 · 肯定式：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。 · 否定式：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在have/has后加not构成，have not可以缩略为haven’t；has not可缩略为hasn’t。 Lucy has finished her homework.露西已经完成了她的作业。 Lucy has not (hasn’t) finished her homework. 露西还没有完成她的作业。 (2) 一般疑问句 · Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+have/has. (否定回答)No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 —Have the boys cleaned up the room? 男孩们打扫过房间了吗？ —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. (3) 特殊疑问句 · 特殊疑问词/词组+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ What have you done here? 你在这做了什么？ How long has Mrs. Lin live here? 林太太在这里住了多久？ [随学随练] 按要求完成句子 1．Linda and Mary have already watched some Japanese cartoons. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Linda and Mary watched any Japanese cartoons ________? 2．We have already seen “The Trumpet of the Swan”. (改为否定句) We ________ seen “The Trumpet of the Swan” ________. 3．He has been a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — ________ he ________ a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years? — ________, he ________. 4．He has seen a flood warning before.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） — ________ he ________ a flood warning before? — No, ________ ________. 5．He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he lived in Beijing? 6．They have already learned 100 French words. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ French words ______ they already ______? 7．The factories have made great efforts to deal with pollution. (对划线部分提问) ________ have the factories ________ to deal with pollution? 8．We keep in touch with each other. We met 8 months ago. (for) (用现在完成时合并句子) _______________________________________________________ 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别 (1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在没有联系。 Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况) (2) 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, three days ago,just now, in 1999等。 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与recently, so far/up to now(到目前为止), already/yet, for 10 years等连用。 He played volleyball with his friends last night.他昨晚和他的朋友打排球了。 He has learnt about 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止，他已经学习了大约1000个英文单词。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—May I use your dictionary, Tom? —Sorry, it’s not here. I ________ it to Mike just now. A．lent B．have lent C．will lend D．was lending 2．— I ________ a letter to you last week. ________ you ________ it? — No, not yet. A．have posted; Did; receive B．posted; Have; received C．have posted; Have; received D．posted; Do; receive 3．—I can’t find my book. ________ it anywhere? —I ________ it on the floor just now. A．Did you see; have seen B．Have you seen; saw C．Did you see; saw D．Have you seen; have seen 4．—Have you ever been to Suzhou? —Yes. I ________ there with my parents last year. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 5．—Have you ________ eaten dumplings? —Yes, I have. I ________ them last Spring Festival. A．ever; ate B．never; eat C．ever; eat D．never; ate 6．—What’s wrong with Judy? —She has a sore throat because she ________ too much yesterday. A．talks B．talked C．will talk D．has talked 7．—Jack, haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been? —Well, I ________ in Shanghai on business for two months. A．have stayed B．stayed C．had stayed D．was staying 8．—Is Ada a dancer in your school team? —Yes, she ________ the team last year. She ________ in the team for one year. A．have joined; have been B．joined; has been C．have joined; am D．joined; was 9．—Hi, Tom! ________ you ever ________ the Bird’s Nest? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Did; visit B．Have; visited C．Does; visit D．Are; visiting 10．—Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) With the development of science and technology, AI ________ an important part of people’s lives already. A．become B．became C．is becoming D．has become (2) John and Sue ________ yet. They took the wrong train and now their phones are off. A．didn’t arrive B．haven’t arrived C．won’t arrive D．hadn’t arrived (3) —Schools across China ________ from “scores first” to “health first” recently. —Yes, it’s taken under China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for high-quality education development. A．moved B．have moved C．are moving D．will move (4) Emma rushes into the living room, waving her phone excitedly. “Guess what? I ________ for our trip to Japan! Cherry blossom season, here we come!” A．book the tickets B．am booking the tickets C．was booking the tickets D．have booked the tickets (5) —Look at the floor! It’s so clean.   —Of course. Tina ________ it up. A．has cleaned B．is cleaning C．was cleaning D．will clean (6) So far, red tourism (旅游业) ________ quickly and it’s becoming more and more popular. A．developed B．will develop C．has developed D．have developed (7) —Is your best friend still in the library? —No, he ________. He left ten minutes ago. A．has left B．was leaving C．is leaving D．had left (8) He ________ the city only once before, so he ________ his way to the museum very easily yesterday. A．has visited; has found B．visited; has found C．has visited; found D．visited; found (9) — Have you watered the flowers in the garden yet? — Yes. I ________ it ten minutes ago. A．have finished B．has finished C．finished D．finish (10) —Hey, Kitty, I haven’t seen you for days. Where have you been? —I ________ in Hangzhou for about seven days to enjoy my vacation. A．have stayed B．am staying C．stayed D．stay 2 选择ever/never/just/already/yet填空，完成对话。 (1) A:Have you read the classic novel Pride and Prejudice? B:No, I’ve read it. But my sister finished reading it and loved it. (2) A:Has your brother chosen a book for the book report ? B:Yes, he’s picked To Kill a Mockingbird. He read the first 50 pages last night. (3) A:Have you tried reading science fiction novels? B: Not . But I’ve borrowed Dune from the library. (4) A: Has Lucy read Harry Potter? She’s always talking about magic. B: Yes, she’ s read all the books in the series. (5) A: Have the students prepared their presentations on their favourite novels ? B: Some have handed them in, but others haven’t started . 3. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) Through its great efforts, UNICEF ________ (make) great progress to create a better world for children. (2) He ________ to eat out before, but now he likes cooking at home. (prefer） (3) Our teacher ________ (teach) us many stories about Chinese festivals last week. (4) When we got off the bus, the tour guide ________ (wait) for us at the front gate. (5) I didn’t hear the phone ring last night because I ________ (sleep)soundly at that time. (6) Though both sides have made much effort, the differences are too great and they ________ (reach) no agreement yet. (7) We ________ (pass) all the exams so far, and we feel very proud of ourselves. (8) I’m surprised to find that the price of gold ________ (rise) by 30% recently. (9) —I won’t go to the movies tonight because I ________ (lose) my ticket. —What a pity. I ________ never ________ (lose) my ticket before. (10) ________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall before? Yes, and I ________ (be) there twice. (11) —________ you ever ________ (eat) Japanese food? —Yes, I ________ (eat) some in a restaurant last month. (12) I ________ (not hear) from my best friend for 3 months. I miss him very much. (13) I ________ our teacher walk into the classroom with a book just now. (notice) (14) John, stop giving more food to my goldfish. I ________ (feed) them twice. (15) Lily misses her grandmother because she _________ (not reply) to her last letter yet. 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A 阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 The Secret Garden is a long novel written by an American writer Burnett. This novel came out in 1911. And then it 1 (be) popular for more than 100 years already. Mary, the main character, is bad-tempered (坏脾气的) so that few children want to make friends with her. When Mary is ten, her parents die. So she 2 (move) to England and lives with her uncle’s family. In the big and dark house, she always feels lonely and sad. One day, Mary finds a key to a closed garden by accident. And her life 3 (change) a lot ever since then. She becomes more friendly to her friends and finally the friendship heals (治愈) everyone in the house. I 4 (buy) the book five years ago. It is still one of my favorites on my bookshelf. Although I 5 (read) it many times, it can still bring me wonderful feelings every time I take it up. I believe everyone has a secret garden in his heart, and we should open it and let the sunshine in when we are sad. B Two weeks ago, I caught the flu. I 1 (have) a very high temperature, and my whole body 2 (hurt). Ever since I 3 (get) ill, I 4 (not have) enough energy to play football. Actually, I 5 (just, see) a doctor to ask if it’s normal to feel weak for so long. He said, “You 6 (feel) better soon.” I’m lucky, but for the old and the weak, the flu can be very serious. Doctors 7 (try) for years to find a cure (疗法) for the flu, but they 8 (not find) one yet. Luckily, researchers 9 (develop) a vaccine (疫苗). It gives effective (有效的) protection against the illness. According to my doctor, he 10 (already, give) flu shots (注射) to most of his elderly patients. 2. 翻译句子 (1) 事实上，过去几年里发生了很多变化。 (2) 多亏了政府的支持，这些村民的生活已经改善了很多。 (3) 尽管这本书我已经读了五遍，但还是没有感到厌倦。 (4) 你曾经参观过那个著名的博物馆吗？ (5) 我姐姐还没有读过这本书。 (6) 到目前为止，你读过几本中文名著？ (7) 滑雪运动最近盛行起来。 (8) 我的姐姐已经在沈阳工作3年了。 (9) Jim刚刚赢了演讲比赛。他很激动，迫不及待告诉大家。 (10) 这些孩子中的大多数从没见过大海。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 A Good Read 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)（现在完成时） 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 1. 现在完成时的用法 (1) 现在完成时的核心功能 · 现在完成时可以表示过去某个时候发生的动作或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。也可以表示过去某个时间发生的事与现在有关联。 They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到机场。(刚刚到机场，现在已经在机场了) Have you ever read The Journey to West? 你读过西游记吗？(询问过往的经历，参照现在) · 现在完成时还可以表示某个动作或状态从过去的某个时刻开始，一直持续到现在完成。（本部分下个单元重点学习） They have lived there since 1999. 自1999年以来，他们就一直住在这里。 (2) 现在完成时的谓语构成 · 现在完成时的谓语部分由“have/has+动词过去分词”构成。 · have/has取决于其的主语，主语是第三人称单数和不可数名词，用has；若不是，则用have。 They have finished the dinner. 他们吃完晚饭了。 She has cleaned the room. 她已经打扫了教室。 (3) 与现在完成时常搭配的副词 · already / yet already表示“已经”，用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ She has already arrived. 她已经到了。 · just:表示“刚刚”。 The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 · ever:表示“曾经”。 Have you ever watched the movie Ne Zha 2? 你看到电影《哪吒2》吗？ · never:表示“从不”。 She has never been to Japan. 她从没去过日本。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—The Three-Body Problem is the best book I have ever read. —I agree. I ________ it several times. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——《三体》是我读过的最好的书。——我同意。我已经读了好几遍了。 根据题干“several times”表示过去的经历，强调读过的次数，应用现在完成时，应填have read。 2．—My cousin Tina ________ a lot these days. She used to dream of becoming a guide, but now she wants to be an astronaut. —Oh, I hope her dream can come true. A．has changed B．changed C．will change D．was changing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我表妹蒂娜这些天变化很大。她过去梦想成为一名导游，但现在她想成为一名宇航员。——哦，我希望她的梦想能成真。 根据“these days”（这些天）可知，此处强调从过去到现在这段时间内发生的变化对现在造成的影响，应使用现在完成时，结构为“has/have＋过去分词”。主语“My cousin Tina”是第三人称单数，故用has changed。 3．— What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? — Wonderful. I ________ it twice already. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得电影《你好，李焕英》怎么样？——很棒。我已经看过它两次了。 根据句中的关键词already（已经）和twice（两次）可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或经历，应用现在完成时，C项为现在完成时。A项为一般现在时，B项为一般过去时，D项为一般将来时，均不符合语境。 4．— Have you bought a new CD __________? — Yes, I’ ve __________ bought one. A．already, already B．yet, yet C．already, yet D．yet, already 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你已经买了一个新唱片了吗？——是的，我已经买了一个了。 考查副词辨析。yet已经，还，用于否定句和疑问句；already已经，用于肯定句。结合题干和选项，故选D。 5．—Have you ________ been to Shanghai? —No, I have ________ been there. A．ever; never B．never; never C．never; ever D．ever; ever 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾去过上海吗？ ——没有，我从来没有去过那里。 考查副词辨析。ever曾经；never从未。根据“Have you...been to Shanghai?”可知，此处问曾经去过上海吗，用ever；根据“No, I have...been there.”可知，此处表示否定，表示从未去过上海，用never。故选A。 2. 过去分词的构成规则与发音 (1) 过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 例词 例词 规则变化 一般情况，在词尾加-ed listen-listened; finish-finished 以不发音的e结尾，词尾直接加-d live-lived;close-closed 以辅音字母+y结尾，将y变为i，再加-ed study-studied;carry-carried 以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped; plan-planned 不规则变化 原形-过去式-过去分词拼写一致 cut-cut-cut; put-put-put;set-set-set 过去式与过去分词拼写一致 teach-taught-taught lose-lost-lost leave-left-left 原形含字母i，过去式变i为a，过去分词变i为u swim-swam-swum drink-drank-drunk sing-sang-sung 原形词尾为ow/aw，过去式词尾变为ew，过去分词词尾变味own know-knew-known grow-grew-grown throw-threw-thrown 其他情况 see-saw-seen speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen (2) 规则变化的过去分词的读音 · 规则变化的过去分词的读音与过去式读音规律相同，遵循“清-清；浊-浊”的规律，即在清音后读/t/；浊音和元音后读/d/。 如：help-helped/-t/；use-used/-d/；carry-carried/-d/；allow-allowed/-d/ · 在/t/,/d/后读/ɪd/。 如：start-started/-ɪd/；decide-decided/-ɪd/ [随学随练] 写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词形式 原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 1. prove proved proved/proven 2. hide hid hidden 3. shut shut shut 4. beat beat beaten 5. steal stole stolen 6. throw threw thrown 7. lose lost lost 8. bleed bled bled 9. cut cut cut 10. shake shook shaken 11. burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 12. deal dealt dealt 13. hit hit hit 14. lock locked locked 15. fly flew flown 16. hug hugged hugged 17. fall fell fallen 18. carry carried carried 19. hold held held 20. lie lay lain 从下面四个单词中找出划线部分（词尾-ed）发音不同的词。 1．A．needed B．climbed C．loved D．jogged 2．A．ended B．visited C．arrived D．started 3．A．liked B．helped C．walked D．hated 4．A．planned B．rolled C．prepared D．skated 5．A．shopped B．enjoyed C．stayed D．wondered 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 【解析】1．needed划线部分的发音是/ɪd/，其他选项划线部分的发音是/d/。 2．arrived划线部分的发音是/d/，其他选项划线部分的发音是/ɪd/。 3．hated划线部分的发音是/ɪd/，其他选项划线部分的发音是/t/。 4．skated划线部分的发音是/ɪd/，其他选项划线部分的发音是/d/。 5．shopped划线部分的发音是/t/，其他选项划线部分的发音是/d/。 3. 现在完成时的各种句式 (1) 陈述句 · 肯定式：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。 · 否定式：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在have/has后加not构成，have not可以缩略为haven’t；has not可缩略为hasn’t。 Lucy has finished her homework.露西已经完成了她的作业。 Lucy has not (hasn’t) finished her homework. 露西还没有完成她的作业。 (2) 一般疑问句 · Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+have/has. (否定回答)No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 —Have the boys cleaned up the room? 男孩们打扫过房间了吗？ —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. (3) 特殊疑问句 · 特殊疑问词/词组+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ What have you done here? 你在这做了什么？ How long has Mrs. Lin live here? 林太太在这里住了多久？ [随学随练] 按要求完成句子 1．Linda and Mary have already watched some Japanese cartoons. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Linda and Mary watched any Japanese cartoons ________? 【答案】 Have yet 【详解】句意：琳达和玛丽已经看了一些日本动画片。原句中“have already watched”是关键词，表明时态为现在完成时，且谓语为实义动词，改为一般疑问句时，需要将助动词Have提到句首；同时，在疑问句中，already需要改为yet，并放在句末。 2．We have already seen “The Trumpet of the Swan”. (改为否定句) We ________ seen “The Trumpet of the Swan” ________. 【答案】 haven’t yet 【详解】句意：我们已经看过《吹号的天鹅》了。原句是现在完成时，现在完成时中，already和yet都可以表示“已经”的意思，already用于肯定句，放在句中或句尾；yet用于否定句或疑问句中，放在句尾。现在完成时改为否定句时，需在助动词have后加not，通常缩写为haven’t，同时将原句中的already替换为yet放在句尾，故填haven’t，yet。 3．He has been a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — ________ he ________ a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years? — ________, he ________. 【答案】 Has been Yes has 【详解】句意：他已经当了五年红十字会志愿者。本句时态为现在完成时，主语He为第三人称单数，变一般疑问句将助动词“has”提至句首，句首字母大写；过去分词“been”不变，位于主语之后；肯定回答用“Yes, he has”。 4．He has seen a flood warning before.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） — ________ he ________ a flood warning before? — No, ________ ________. 【答案】 Has seen he hasn’t 【详解】句意：他之前见过洪水预警。原句为现在完成时（has seen），变一般疑问句时，将助动词“has”提到主语前，其余部分不变。否定回答用“No, 主语 + hasn’t.”。故填Has；seen；he；hasn’t。 5．He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he lived in Beijing? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：他已经在北京住了5年了。 对“for 5 years”表示的时间段提问，用疑问词How long； 原句为现在完成时，助动词has保留在主语前。 6．They have already learned 100 French words. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ French words ______ they already ______? 【答案】 How many have learned 【详解】句意：他们已经学了100个法语单词。划线部分是100，对可数名词数量提问用How many。原句是现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，主语是they，助动词用have，learn的过去分词是learned，句首字母大写。故填How；many；have；learned。 7．The factories have made great efforts to deal with pollution. (对划线部分提问) ________ have the factories ________ to deal with pollution? 【答案】 What done 【详解】句意：这些工厂为治理污染做出了巨大努力。划线部分“made great efforts”表示具体的事情，所以用“what”引导特殊疑问句，表示“做了什么”；助动词have后面接do“做”的过去分词done。故填What；done。 8．We keep in touch with each other. We met 8 months ago. (for) (用现在完成时合并句子) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】We have kept in touch with each other for eight months. 【详解】句意：我们已经互相保持联系八个月了。用for引导时间段“eight months”，主句用现在完成时，keep in touch变为have kept in touch ； met 8 months ago转换为for eight months。 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别 (1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在没有联系。 Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况) (2) 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, three days ago,just now, in 1999等。 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与recently, so far/up to now(到目前为止), already/yet, for 10 years等连用。 He played volleyball with his friends last night.他昨晚和他的朋友打排球了。 He has learnt about 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止，他已经学习了大约1000个英文单词。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—May I use your dictionary, Tom? —Sorry, it’s not here. I ________ it to Mike just now. A．lent B．have lent C．will lend D．was lending 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，我可以用一下你的字典吗？——抱歉，它不在这里。我刚才把它借给迈克了。 根据时间状语“just now”可知，动作发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时，lend的过去式为lent。 2．— I ________ a letter to you last week. ________ you ________ it? — No, not yet. A．have posted; Did; receive B．posted; Have; received C．have posted; Have; received D．posted; Do; receive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我上周给你寄了一封信。你收到它了吗？——不，还没有。 根据时间状语last week可知，第一空表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时posted，排除A、C选项；根据答语not yet可知，第二句强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，结构为 have/has+过去分词，排除D选项。故选B。 3．—I can’t find my book. ________ it anywhere? —I ________ it on the floor just now. A．Did you see; have seen B．Have you seen; saw C．Did you see; saw D．Have you seen; have seen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我找不到我的书了。你在哪见过它吗？——我刚才在地上看见它了。 根据“…it anywhere?”可知，说话人询问对方到目前为止是否见过这本书，强调动作对现在产生的影响（即是否知道书的下落），通常应用现在完成时Have you seen；答句中出现了明确的时间状语“just now”提示动作发生在过去特定的时间点，应用一般过去时saw。 4．—Have you ever been to Suzhou? —Yes. I ________ there with my parents last year. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你去过苏州吗？——是的。去年我和父母一起去了那里。 have gone为现在完成时；have been为现在完成时；went为一般过去时；will go为一般将来时。根据时间状语“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 5．—Have you ________ eaten dumplings? —Yes, I have. I ________ them last Spring Festival. A．ever; ate B．never; eat C．ever; eat D．never; ate 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经吃过饺子吗？——是的，我吃过。我去年春节吃的。 第一空是现在完成时的一般疑问句，用ever表示“曾经”；第二空有时间状语“last Spring Festival”，表示过去的动作，用一般过去时ate表示“吃”，应填ever；ate。 6．—What’s wrong with Judy? —She has a sore throat because she ________ too much yesterday. A．talks B．talked C．will talk D．has talked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——朱迪怎么了？——她喉咙痛，因为她昨天说话太多了。 talks（一般现在时）；talked（一般过去时）；will talk（一般将来时）；has talked（现在完成时）。 根据句中“yesterday（昨天）”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，应填talked。   7．—Jack, haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been? —Well, I ________ in Shanghai on business for two months. A．have stayed B．stayed C．had stayed D．was staying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰克，好久没见你了。你去哪儿了？——嗯，我在上海出差待了两个月。 根据问句“Where have you been?”可知，说话人现在已经回到对话现场，在上海出差是过去发生的动作且已经结束，不强调对现在的影响，应用一般过去时。应填stayed。 8．—Is Ada a dancer in your school team? —Yes, she ________ the team last year. She ________ in the team for one year. A．have joined; have been B．joined; has been C．have joined; am D．joined; was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Ada是你们校队的舞者吗？——是的，她去年加入了队伍。她在队伍里已经待了一年了。 根据时间状语“last year”可知，第一空表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时joined；根据“for one year”及上文“Yes”可知，第二空表示动作从过去持续到现在，主语是she，用现在完成时has been。 9．—Hi, Tom! ________ you ever ________ the Bird’s Nest? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Did; visit B．Have; visited C．Does; visit D．Are; visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，汤姆！你曾经参观过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。太棒了。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“Yes, I have.”可知，问句时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has + 过去分词，且ever常用于现在完成时。故选B。 10．—Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你读完我上周借给你的那本书了吗？——还没有。我刚刚读完前三章。 考查现在完成时。根据问句“Have you finished...?”和答语“Not yet”可知，回答者尚未读完，但强调“刚刚读完前三章”，表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时，且“just”常与完成时连用。故选A。 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) With the development of science and technology, AI ________ an important part of people’s lives already. A．become B．became C．is becoming D．has become 【答案】D 【详解】句意：随着科学技术的发展，人工智能已经成为人们生活中重要的一部分。 根据时间状语“already”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。主语AI是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 (2) John and Sue ________ yet. They took the wrong train and now their phones are off. A．didn’t arrive B．haven’t arrived C．won’t arrive D．hadn’t arrived 【答案】B 【详解】句意：John和Sue还没到。他们坐错了火车，而且现在手机也关机了。 didn’t arrive（一般过去时）；haven’t arrived（现在完成时）；won’t arrive（一般将来时）；hadn’t arrived（过去完成时）。句中关键词yet是现在完成时的标志词，强调到目前为止的状态，用现在完成时haven’t arrived符合语境。 (3) —Schools across China ________ from “scores first” to “health first” recently. —Yes, it’s taken under China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for high-quality education development. A．moved B．have moved C．are moving D．will move 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——最近，全国各地的学校已经从“分数第一”转向了“健康第一”。——是的，这是在中国“十五五”规划 (2026-30)下采取的高质量教育发展措施。 根据句中时间状语“recently”可知，动作发生在过去但对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是复数，用助动词have，move的过去分词是moved。 (4) Emma rushes into the living room, waving her phone excitedly. “Guess what? I ________ for our trip to Japan! Cherry blossom season, here we come!” A．book the tickets B．am booking the tickets C．was booking the tickets D．have booked the tickets 【答案】D 【详解】句意：艾玛冲进客厅，兴奋地挥舞着她的手机。“猜猜怎么了？我已经为我们的日本之旅订好票了！樱花季，我们来了！” 根据“Emma rushes into the living room, waving her phone excitedly.”和“Guess what?”可知是分享刚刚完成的消息；根据“Cherry blossom season, here we come!”可知订票动作已完成并对现在造成影响，强调结果，应用现在完成时。 (5) —Look at the floor! It’s so clean.   —Of course. Tina ________ it up. A．has cleaned B．is cleaning C．was cleaning D．will clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看地板！它太干净了。——当然。蒂娜已经把它打扫干净了。   根据“Look at the floor! It’s so clean.”可知，地板现在很干净，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，应用现在完成时。应填has cleaned。 (6) So far, red tourism (旅游业) ________ quickly and it’s becoming more and more popular. A．developed B．will develop C．has developed D．have developed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，红色旅游已经发展迅速，并且变得越来越受欢迎。 根据时间状语“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语“red tourism”为单数概念，助动词应用has。应填has developed。 (7) —Is your best friend still in the library? —No, he ________. He left ten minutes ago. A．has left B．was leaving C．is leaving D．had left 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你最好的朋友还在图书馆吗？——不，他已经离开了。他十分钟前离开的。 根据问句“Is your best friend still in the library?”可知询问的是现在的状态。答语“No”表明他不在那里了。结合后句“He left ten minutes ago.”可知离开这个动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响（现在不在图书馆了），强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。应选has left。 (8) He ________ the city only once before, so he ________ his way to the museum very easily yesterday. A．has visited; has found B．visited; has found C．has visited; found D．visited; found 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他以前只去过这座城市一次，所以昨天他很容易就找到了去博物馆的路。 第一空根据时间状语before可知，表示过去的经历，常用现在完成时；第二空根据时间状语yesterday可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。 (9) — Have you watered the flowers in the garden yet? — Yes. I ________ it ten minutes ago. A．have finished B．has finished C．finished D．finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经给花园里的花浇水了吗？——是的。我十分钟前就完成了。 根据答语中的时间状语“ten minutes ago”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。 (10) —Hey, Kitty, I haven’t seen you for days. Where have you been? —I ________ in Hangzhou for about seven days to enjoy my vacation. A．have stayed B．am staying C．stayed D．stay 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嘿，Kitty，我好几天没见你了。你去哪儿了？——我在杭州待了大约七天度假。 stay待，选项都是stay的各种形态。have stayed现在完成时；am staying现在进行时；stayed一般过去时；stay原形。根据问句“Where have you been?” (你去哪儿了？) 和答句中“for about seven days” (大约七天) 可知，目前已经从杭州回来了，此处描述的是过去一段时间内发生的动作，应用一般过去时“stayed”。故选C。 2 选择ever/never/just/already/yet填空，完成对话。 (1) A:Have you read the classic novel Pride and Prejudice? B:No, I’ve read it. But my sister finished reading it and loved it. (2) A:Has your brother chosen a book for the book report ? B:Yes, he’s picked To Kill a Mockingbird. He read the first 50 pages last night. (3) A:Have you tried reading science fiction novels? B: Not . But I’ve borrowed Dune from the library. (4) A: Has Lucy read Harry Potter? She’s always talking about magic. B: Yes, she’ s read all the books in the series. (5) A: Have the students prepared their presentations on their favourite novels ? B: Some have handed them in, but others haven’t started . 【答案】(1) ever never just (2) yet already just (3) ever yet already (4) ever already (5) yet already yet 【解析】(1)句意：——你‌曾经‌读过经典小说《傲慢与偏见》吗？ ‌——没有，我‌从未‌读过。但我姐姐‌已经‌读完了，而且很喜欢。根据“Have you ... read the classic novel Pride and Prejudice?”以及备选词可知，此句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，此处询问是否读过，所以第一空用 ‌ever‌；根据“No, I’ve ... read it.”以及备选词可知，此句为否定回答，所以第二空用 ‌never‌ 表示“从未”；根据“But my sister ... finished reading it and loved it.”以及备选词可知，此句为一般过去时，所以第三空用just表示“刚刚”。故填ever；never；just。 (2)句意：——你哥哥‌已经‌为读书报告选好书了吗？ ‌——是的，他‌已经选了《杀死一只知更鸟》。他‌刚刚读了前50页。根据“Has your brother chosen a book for the book report ...?”以及备选词可知，此句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，询问是否完成，所以第一空用 ‌yet‌；根据“Yes, he’s ... picked To Kill a Mockingbird.”以及备选词可知，此句为肯定回答，所以第二空用already；根据“He ... read the first 50 pages last night.”以及备选词可知，此句为肯定回答“刚刚”，所以第三空用 ‌just‌。故填yet；already；just。 (3)句意：——你‌曾经‌试过读科幻小说吗？ ‌——还没有。但我‌已经‌从图书馆借了《沙丘》。根据“Have you ... tried reading science fiction novels?”以及备选词可知，此句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，此处询问是否尝试读过，所以第一空用 ‌ever‌；根据“Not ...”以及备选词可知，此句为否定回答，所以第二空用yet；根据“But I’ve ... borrowed Dune from the library.”以及备选词可知，此句为现在完成时的肯定句，此处表达“已经借到”，所以第三空用already。故填ever；yet；already。 (4)句意：——露西‌已经‌读过《哈利·波特》了吗？她总是谈论魔法。——是的，她‌已经‌读完了整个系列。根据“Has Lucy ... read Harry Potter?”以及备选词可知，此句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，所以第一空用 ‌ever‌ 表示“曾经”；根据“Yes, she’s ... read all the books in the series.”以及备选词可知，此处为肯定回答，所以第二空用already表示“已经”。故填ever；already。 (5)句意：——学生们‌已经‌准备好关于他们最喜欢小说的演示文稿了吗？——一些人‌已经‌交了，但其他人还没开始。根据“Have the students prepared their presentations on their favourite novels ...?”以及备选词可知，此句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，此处询问是否已经准备好，且放于句末，所以第一空用yet表示“已经”；根据“Some have ... handed them in, ...”以及备选词可知，此处为肯定回答，所以第二空用already表示“已经”；根据“... but others haven’t started ...”以及备选词可知，此处为否定回答，所以第三空用 ‌yet‌ 表示“还”。故填yet；already；yet。 3. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) Through its great efforts, UNICEF ________ (make) great progress to create a better world for children. 【答案】has made 【详解】句意：通过不懈努力，联合国儿童基金会在为儿童创造更美好世界的道路上取得了巨大进展。句子描述的是从过去持续到现在、对现在仍有影响的成果，因此用现在完成时。主语是第三人称单数，助动词选择has；make的过去分词是made。 (2) He ________ to eat out before, but now he likes cooking at home. (prefer） 【答案】preferred 【详解】句意：他以前更喜欢外出就餐，但现在他喜欢在家做饭。prefer“更喜欢”，为动词。根据时间状语before和与now的对比可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填其过去式preferred。 (3) Our teacher ________ (teach) us many stories about Chinese festivals last week. 【答案】taught 【详解】句意：我们的老师上周教给我们许多关于中国节日的故事。句中“last week”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。teach的过去式为taught（不规则变化）。 (4) When we got off the bus, the tour guide ________ (wait) for us at the front gate. 【答案】was waiting 【详解】句意：当我们下车时，导游正在大门口等着我们。 句中“When we got off the bus”为过去的时间状语，提示主句动作是过去某一时刻正在进行的状态，应用过去进行时。主语“the tour guide”是单数，be动词用was，wait的现在分词形式为waiting。 (5) I didn’t hear the phone ring last night because I ________ (sleep)soundly at that time. 【答案】was sleeping 【详解】句意：昨晚我没听到电话铃声，因为当时我正睡得很沉。时间状语“at that time”是过去进行时的典型标志，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语是I，所以助动词用was，故填was sleeping。 (6) Though both sides have made much effort, the differences are too great and they ________ (reach) no agreement yet. 【答案】have reached 【详解】句意：尽管双方都付出了很多努力，但分歧太大，他们至今尚未达成协议。时间状语“yet”（至今）是现在完成时的标志词，常用于否定句和疑问句，主语“they”指代双方，与“reach agreement”（达成协议）是主动关系，句意表示“到目前还没有达成”，是否定形式，现在完成时的结构为have/has+过去分词，主语“they”对应“have”，故填have reached。 (7) We ________ (pass) all the exams so far, and we feel very proud of ourselves. 【答案】have passed 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们已经通过了所有考试，我们为自己感到非常自豪。句中“so far”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构是：have/has+动词的过去分词；主语是We，所以助动词用have；动词pass的过去分词是passed，故填have passed。 (8) I’m surprised to find that the price of gold ________ (rise) by 30% recently. 【答案】has risen 【详解】句意：我惊讶地发现，黄金的价格最近上涨了30%。根据时间状语 “recently”（最近）可知，动作发生在过去并持续到现在，应用现在完成时。主语 “the price of gold”为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”。“rise”是不及物动词，过去分词为“risen”。 (9) —I won’t go to the movies tonight because I ________ (lose) my ticket. —What a pity. I ________ never ________ (lose) my ticket before. 【答案】 have lost have lost 【详解】句意：——我今晚不会去看电影了，因为我把票弄丢了。——真遗憾。我以前从未丢过票。 第一个句子中“I”是主语，“my ticket”是宾语，句子缺少谓语动词；“丢票”这一动作发生在过去，且对现在“不能去看电影”有影响，所以用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”；“lose”的过去分词是“lost”，主语是“I”，所以用“have lost”。 第二个句子中“I”是主语，“my ticket”是宾语，句子缺少谓语动词，“before”表示“以前”，常与现在完成时连用，现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是“I”，所以第一个空用“have”，第二个空用“lose”的过去分词“lost”。 (10) ________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall before? Yes, and I ________ (be) there twice. 【答案】 Have visited have been 【详解】句意：你以前参观过长城吗？是的，我去过那里两次。ever“曾经”，常与现在完成时连用，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，visit“参观”，其过去分词为visited；答语中根据“twice”可知，此处表示去过那里两次，用have been to表示“去过某地 (已回)”，there是副词，前面不用介词to。故填Have；visited；have been。 (11) —________ you ever ________ (eat) Japanese food? —Yes, I ________ (eat) some in a restaurant last month. 【答案】 Have eaten ate 【详解】句意：——你曾经吃过日本食物吗？——是的，我上个月在一家餐馆吃了一些。句中“ever”表示“曾经”，是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，主语为you，助动词用have，eat的过去分词是eaten。“last month”表示“上个月”，是一般过去时的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，eat的过去式为ate。 (12) I ________ (not hear) from my best friend for 3 months. I miss him very much. 【答案】haven’t heard 【详解】句意：我已经三个月没有收到我最好的朋友的信了。我很想念他。句中“for 3 months”为现在完成时的标志性时间状语，表示从过去持续到现在的动作。否定形式在助动词后加not。主语I的助动词用have，hear的过去分词为heard。故填haven’t heard。 (13) I ________ our teacher walk into the classroom with a book just now. (notice) 【答案】noticed 【详解】句意：我刚才注意到我们的老师拿着一本书走进了教室。根据时间状语“just now”提示，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。notice的过去式是noticed。 (14) John, stop giving more food to my goldfish. I ________ (feed) them twice. 【答案】have fed 【详解】句意：约翰，别再喂我的金鱼了。我喂了它们两次。根据“twice”可知，此处用现在完成时，表示已经喂了两次，其构成为“has/have done”，主语“I”不是第三人称单数，用have构成现在完成时。故填have fed。 (15) Lily misses her grandmother because she _________ (not reply) to her last letter yet. 【答案】hasn’t replied 【详解】句意：莉莉想念她的祖母，因为她还没有回复她的上一封信。根据“yet”可知，此处为现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”；主语“she”是第三人称单数，需用“has”，否定形式为“hasn’t”；“reply”的过去分词是“replied”。故填hasn’t replied。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A 阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 The Secret Garden is a long novel written by an American writer Burnett. This novel came out in 1911. And then it 1 (be) popular for more than 100 years already. Mary, the main character, is bad-tempered (坏脾气的) so that few children want to make friends with her. When Mary is ten, her parents die. So she 2 (move) to England and lives with her uncle’s family. In the big and dark house, she always feels lonely and sad. One day, Mary finds a key to a closed garden by accident. And her life 3 (change) a lot ever since then. She becomes more friendly to her friends and finally the friendship heals (治愈) everyone in the house. I 4 (buy) the book five years ago. It is still one of my favorites on my bookshelf. Although I 5 (read) it many times, it can still bring me wonderful feelings every time I take it up. I believe everyone has a secret garden in his heart, and we should open it and let the sunshine in when we are sad. 【答案】1．has been 2．moves 3．has changed 4．bought 5．have read 【导语】本文主要介绍了《秘密花园》这本书的大概内容以及作者对它的喜爱。 1．句意：然后它已经流行了100多年了。根据“for more than 100 years already.”可知，本句是现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 2．句意：所以她搬到了英国，和她叔叔一家住在一起。根据“and lives”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填moves。 3．句意：从那以后，她的生活发生了很大的变化。根据“since then”可知，本句是现在完成时，主语第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has changed。 4．句意：我五年前买了这本书。根据“five years ago.”可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填bought。 5．句意：虽然我已经读了很多遍，但每次我拿起它，它仍然能给我带来奇妙的感觉。根据“many times”可知，本句应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have read。 B Two weeks ago, I caught the flu. I 1 (have) a very high temperature, and my whole body 2 (hurt). Ever since I 3 (get) ill, I 4 (not have) enough energy to play football. Actually, I 5 (just, see) a doctor to ask if it’s normal to feel weak for so long. He said, “You 6 (feel) better soon.” I’m lucky, but for the old and the weak, the flu can be very serious. Doctors 7 (try) for years to find a cure (疗法) for the flu, but they 8 (not find) one yet. Luckily, researchers 9 (develop) a vaccine (疫苗). It gives effective (有效的) protection against the illness. According to my doctor, he 10 (already, give) flu shots (注射) to most of his elderly patients. 【答案】 1．had 2．hurt 3．got 4．haven’t had 5．have just seen 6．will feel 7．have tried 8．haven’t found 9．have developed 10．has already given 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者这两周因为流感发烧浑身疼，现在还觉得没力气，看医生说正常，但流感对老人和体弱者可能很危险，虽然还没特效药，好在有疫苗可以预防了。 1．句意：我发高烧了，而且我全身都疼。根据“Two weeks ago, I caught the flu.”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，故have要用其过去式形式had。 故填had。 2．句意：我发烧高了，而且我全身都疼。根据“Two weeks ago, I caught the flu.”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，故hurt要用其过去式形式hurt。故填hurt。 3．句意：从我生病以来，我就没有足够的精力踢足球了。此句由ever since引导时间状语从句，其从句时态需为一般过去时，所以get应改为got。故填got。 4．句意：从我生病以来，我就没有足够的精力踢足球了。此句由ever since引导时间状语从句，其主句时态为现在完成时，所以要用其结构have done，此处为否定形式haven’t done，have要改为其过去分词had。故填haven’t had。 5．句意：我刚去看医生，问了下长期感觉虚弱是否正常。根据“for so long”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，所以要用have done结构，see要改为seen，just放于结构中。故填have just seen。 6．句意：他说：“你会感觉好起来的。” 此处时态为一般将来时，所以要用will do结构，而情态动词will后加动词原形will feel。故填will feel。 7．句意：医生们多年来一直在努力寻找流感的疗法，但至今尚未成功。此句时态为现在完成，所以要用have done结构，try要改为其过去分词tried。故填have tried。 8．句意：医生们多年来一直在努力寻找流感的疗法，但至今尚未成功。根据“yet”可知，此句时态为现在完成，所以要用have done结构，此处为否定形式haven’t done，find要改为其过去分词形式found。故填haven’t found。 9．句意：幸运的是，研究人员已经研制出了一种疫苗。此句时态为现在完成，所以要用have done结构，develop要改为其过去分词developed。故填have developed。 10．句意：根据我的医生说，他已经给他的大多数老年病人注射了流感疫苗。此句时态为现在完成，所以要用have done结构，主语为he，则其have要改为has，give应改为其过去分词given，already放于结构中。故填has already given。 2. 翻译句子 (1) 事实上，过去几年里发生了很多变化。 【答案】In fact, there have been many changes in the past few years./In fact, many changes have taken place in the past few years. (2) 多亏了政府的支持，这些村民的生活已经改善了很多。 【答案】Thanks to the government’s support, these villagers’ lives have improved a lot. (3) 尽管这本书我已经读了五遍，但还是没有感到厌倦。 【答案】Even though I have read this book five times, I am not tired of it yet. (4) 你曾经参观过那个著名的博物馆吗？ 【答案】Have you ever visited that famous museum? (5) 我姐姐还没有读过这本书。 【答案】My sister hasn’t read this book yet. (6) 到目前为止，你读过几本中文名著？ 【答案】How many Chinese classics have you read so far? (7) 滑雪运动最近盛行起来。 【答案】Skiing has become very popular recently. (8) 我的姐姐已经在沈阳工作3年了。 【答案】My sister has worked in Shenyang for 3 years. (9) Jim刚刚赢了演讲比赛。他很激动，迫不及待告诉大家。 【答案】Jim has just won the speech contest. He is so excited that he can’t wait to tell everyone. (10) 这些孩子中的大多数从没见过大海。 【答案】Most of these kids have never seen the sea. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $