第2部分 专题4 介词和介词短语-【中考快车道】2026年中考英语总复习教师用书Word

专题4　介词和介词短语 介词是表示名词、代词和句中其他词关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、方位介词、方式介词和其他介词。 时间介词 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜。 at six at noon at midnight on 表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间。 on Monday on a cold morning in 表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)。 in summer in 1998 in two weeks after 后跟具体时刻，表示“在……时刻之后”，常用于将来时；后跟时间段，多用于过去时。 They arrived after two days． I'll be there after 6：00． for 后跟一段时间，表示“(延续)……之久”。 I have lived here for ten years． since 后加时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自从(过去某时)以来”。 She has worked here since 2020． before 表示“在……之前”。 Wash your hands before meals． by 表示“不迟于；在……之前”。 Can you finish the work by five o'clock？ until 用于肯定句，意为“直到……为止”，动词用延续性动词。 用于否定句，not...until意为“直到……才”动词用非延续性动词。 She waited for you until six yesterday． The boy didn't stop crying until his mother came back． 方位介词 1．in，on，to in 表示在某一范围之内，两者是“包含”关系。 Zibo is in the center of Shandong． on 两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，两者是“相切”关系。 Russia is on the north of China． to 两个个体之间有一定距离，两者是“相离”关系。 Henan is to the north of Hunan． 2．on，over，above，under，below on 在……上面(与物体表面有接触) The book is on the desk． over 在……正上方(与物体表面不接触，垂直在上) There is a new bridge over the river． above 在……上方(与物体表面不接触，不一定表示正上方) I saw a plane flying above the mountain． under 在……(正)下方(与物体表面不接触) His basketball is under the chair． below 在……下方或位置低于……(不一定表示垂直在下) The coat reaches below the knees． 3．at，in，on at 后接较小的地点 They arrived at the town two days ago． in 后接较大的地点 Tina has been in China for many years． on 表示在一个平面上 His father works on the farm． 4．between，among between 表示“在两者之间” The hotel is between the bank and the post office． among 表示“在三者或多者之间” She sings best among the children． 5．across，through，over across 横穿，强调从某个平面的一边到另一边。 Go across the bridge，and you'll find the park． through 穿过，指从某个立体空间内穿过。 The river runs through the city． over 越过，侧重越过某种障碍物，如山脉、墙等。 The horse jumped over the fence． 6．in front of，in the front of，before in front of 在……的前面(范围外) There are some trees in front of the house． in the front of 在……的前面(范围内) The boy sits in the front of the classroom． before 在……的前面 He got to the top of the hill before me． 7．behind，at the back of behind 在……的后面(范围外) There is a garden behind our school． at the back of 在……的后面(范围内) There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom． 方式介词 1．by，in/on表示交通方式 by＋交通工具 交通工具前不用任何修饰词。 by bus by plane in/on＋交通工具 交通工具前要用修饰词。在空间较小的交通工具前用in，在活动范围较大的交通工具前用on。 in a car/taxi on my bike on the bus/plane 2．in，with，by表示“用” in 表示使用某种语言、原料或者表示衣着、声调等。 Can you sing this song in English？ with 表示工具、物品；人体器官；情绪、情感、态度等。 I draw the picture with several pencils． by 表示用某种手段或方式。后接名词时，名词前不加冠词；若后接动词，需用动名词形式。 This pair of shoes is made by hand． The girl made money by selling flowers． 其他介词 1．except，besides，but表示“除了” except 表示“除……之外(不再有)”，指从整体中排除except所接的人或物，前面常有all、every、any、no及一些复合词。 All the students finished their homework except Tom． besides 表示“除……之外(还有)”，其前常有other、another、any other、a few等词。 I have a few friends besides you． but 表示“除……之外”，常与含否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do或其相关形式时，but后接动词原形。 We can do nothing but wait． 2．of sb．，for sb．表示“对于某人” of sb． 常用于“It is＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．”句型中，意为“某人做某事真是太……了”。形容词为clever，kind，nice等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物和形容词有主表关系。 It's so kind of you to help me solve the problem． for sb． 常用于“It is＋adj．＋for sb．＋to do sth．”句型中，意为“做某事对某人来说很……”。形容词为easy，important等不能描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物和形容词没有主表关系。 It's very easy for you to answer this question． 3．for 为了；表示目的 They went out for a walk． (时间、距离、数量等)达；计 She has been here for ten years． 表示三餐吃的食物 What do you often have for breakfast？ 对；对于 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes． 因为；由于 Thank you for helping me． 支持 Are you for the plan？ 4．with 拥有；带有 I want to buy a house with a garden． 和……一起 He went fishing with Tom． 随着；由于 With the development of the society，people pay more attention to their health． 5．about 关于 What do you know about Chinese art？ 大约 He goes to school at about 7：30． 6．against 反对；违反 I'm sorry I'm against the idea． 对抗 Our volleyball team will play against yours this weekend． 紧靠；倚；碰；撞 Put the table there，against the wall． 7．without 意为“无；没有”。 The young man left his home without saying a word．那个年轻人一句话没说就离开了家。 8．as 意为“作为，以……的身份”，后常接表示职业、职务的名词。 As a student，you should study hard．作为一名学生，你应该努力学习。 9．like 意为“像……一样”。 He is like his father．他像他父亲一样。 介词短语 1．at短语 at present现在 at times有时 at the same time同时 at school在学校 at night在晚上 at home在家 at noon在中午 at work在工作 at last最后 at least至少 at once立刻 at first起初；首先 at the beginning of在……开始时 at the foot of在……底部 at the age of在……岁时 at the end of在……的末尾 2．by短语 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by accident偶然地 by oneself独自 by the way顺便说一下 by the time到……的时候 by the window在窗边 by the end of 结束时；在……尽头 by bus/train/subway/... 乘公共汽车/火车/地铁…… 3．in短语 in fact事实上 in class在课堂上 in a hurry匆忙 in no time立刻 in time及时 in total总共 in public当众；公开地 in short总之 in danger处于危险中 in space在太空 in trouble处于困境中 in surprise惊奇地 in silence沉默地 in a word总而言之 in other words换句话说 in the way挡道；妨碍 in different ways用不同的方式 in that case既然那样 in the end最后 in this way用这种方法 in front of在……前面 in the middle of在……中间 4．on 短语 on foot步行 on duty值日 on vacation在度假 on business出差 on sale打折销售 on show展出 on weekends在周末 on time准时 on one's own独自 on fire着火 on the top of在……顶部 on the other hand在另一方面 on one's/the way to在去……的路上 on the left/right在左边/右边 5．其他短语 according to根据 out of sight看不见 for example例如 after school放学后 with the help of在……的帮助下 from now on从现在起 from then on从那时起 during the day在白天 as for 至于 for the first time 首次 with pleasure愉快地 under control在控制中 to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是 from...to...从……到…… Ⅰ．选择适当的介词或介词短语填空 from；without；at；for；in front of；after；except；like；on；since 1．(2024·聊城莘县模拟)Businessmen couldn't become officers at that time． 2．(2024·聊城临清模拟)Studying in a foreign country can be exciting．It can also be difficult，especially when the country is very different from your own． 3．(2024·连云港中考)He is confident enough to make a speech in front of the public． 4．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)After seven years of serving Buck，Salazar was used to seeing him every day． 5．You can't go out without wearing your coat．It's cold outside． 6．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)It was nearly impossible for him to stay away for two days for no reason． 7．(2024·苏州中考)Up to 200 kinds of frogs have died out since 1980． 8．—When will the girl have the math exam? —On the 26th． 9．(2024·山西中考)The bitterness(苦) comes from many things，like getting up early． 10．(2024·眉山中考)Everyone is here except Alan，because he is still ill in hospital． Ⅱ．根据汉语提示补全句子 1．(2024·聊城冠县模拟)在5月4日，我们去了阳光农场。 We went to the Sunshine Farm on May 4． 2．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具。 Travel on foot，by bike or by public transport． 3．借助现代技术，我们可以轻松地与世界各地的人交流。 With the help of modern technology，we can communicate with people all over the world easily． 4．(2024·聊城冠县模拟)摩西奶奶70岁开始画画。 Grandma Moses started to paint pictures at the age of 70． 5．(2024·聊城临清模拟)弗兰克很惊讶，他意识到自己和鲍勃的不同。 Frank was surprised and he realized the difference between himself and Bob． 课时规范训练(二十五) 考查范围：专题4　介词和介词短语　 (满分50分　时间50分钟) Ⅰ．选择适当的介词或介词短语填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) with the help of；in front of；before；across；without；after；on；except；among；between...and... 1．(2024·东营中考)Jack：When it thunders(打雷)，why do we see lightning(闪电) first，then hear thunder？Tom：Because our eyes are before ears．Ha-ha! Just a joke! 2．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)Now many libraries across our country are offering services like this． 3．(2024·聊城冠县模拟)The bad memories become less painful．And you will feel better after waking up． 4．(2024·青岛中考) On a sunny day，you can see many kites flying above parks and fields． 5．(2024·聊城阳谷模拟)Do you know mukbang (吃播)？It is about the eating shows in front of the camera on the Internet． 6．Without the fresh air or clean water，we can't live on the Earth． 7．You can find books easily with the help of AI robots in this library． 8．(2024·聊城临清模拟)For many girls from villages in China，a dream job could be anything，except working in a village． 9．(2024·自贡中考)—Who got first prize in this competition? —Of course Tom did．He worked hardest among us． 10．(2024·聊城冠县模拟)The book is about the differences between Mars and the Earth． Ⅱ．完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) Dear Helen Keller， My name is Amelia Grant．I live 1 a small city．There，my father has an oil factory． 2 the age of eight，something terrible happened while I was playing 3 an oil well．It made me lose most of my hearing． A lot has changed for me 4 then．For one thing，I cannot hear music 5 before．I used to love listening to my mother sing songs．When I first lost my hearing，I was sad that I could never again hear my mother sing．But now I put my ear to her chest to feel the vibrations(震动) of her voice．Now，I feel music 6 hearing it． Also，I have to go to a different school in another city—Texas School for the Deaf．It is over 300 kilometers away 7 my hometown．The teachers there are kind，but I can only see my parents during holidays．I miss them very much． During our last winter holiday，my daddy gave me a book you wrote，The Story of My Life．From it，I learned a lot 8 you．When you first became deaf and blind，you had a hard time showing people what you wanted．Because of this，you would sometimes get mad and make loud noises．Now I know your feelings and I am encouraged 9 your book．I'm going to write to you 10 a few days to tell you more． Yours， Amelia Grant 1．A．on　　 B．at　　 C．in 2．A．On B．At C．In 3．A．at B．on C．near 4．A．since B．at C．until 5．A．like B．similar C．as 6．A．because of B．instead of C．in need of 7．A．from B．out C．with 8．A．about B．for C．at 9．A．with B．from C．by 10．A．on B．at C．in [答案]　1～5　CBCAA 　6～10　BAACC Ⅲ．语法填空(填介词)(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) (2024·新疆中考改编)When we think 1．of Xinjiang，sweet fruits，delicious foods and friendly people come 2．to mind．Please follow me to learn something else 3．about Xinjiang． Muqam (木卡姆) Muqam is quite a special art form in China．During thousands of years，Muqam used to be a good example 4．of cultural exchange between the East and the West．In order to make it pass 5．down，the government has started protection work．Even some universities have set up Muqam classes． Xinjiang cotton Xinjiang is home to cotton in China．It is famous 6．for its long-staple cotton (长绒棉)，many factories choose to buy Xinjiang cotton because 7．of its high quality．In the past，people mainly picked cotton by hand．Thanks 8．to the development of technology，more and more people use machines to do it now． Qiemo County (且末县) Qiemo was one 9．of the most important trade centers on the ancient Salk Road．Nowadays，Qiemo is still rich in both culture and nature，like well-known jade (玉)，special folk customs and different natural wonders． If you have a chance 10．to visit Xinjiang，just take it! Ⅳ．书面表达(满分20分) (2024·济南模拟)加快建设科技强国，实现高水平科技自立自强，科学技术是第一生产力，第一竞争力。假如你是李华，上周跟随学校去科技馆参观，以下是你拍回来的几张照片，请结合图片和以下提示写一篇英语作文，内容包括： 1．What did you see there? 2．What have you learned from the visit? 3．What do you plan to do for China's science and technology industry? 参考词汇：科技创新technological innovation 注意： 1．语言表达准确，语意通顺，行文连贯； 2．不得出现真实的人名、校名； 3．词数80左右。 Last weekend，our school organized a visit to the Science and Technology Museum．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Last weekend，our school organized a visit to the Science and Technology Museum．I saw many models of planes，satellites and rockets that I had never seen before．I also saw many robots that can work as human's helpers．They were smart and interesting．Besides，I learned the development history of computers．In the museum，we could also see some small inventions in our daily life such as the toy ships．It was really an eye-opening day to me． When I saw these in the museum，I was proud that human beings had made great progress in technological innovation．As a student，I will study hard to get into a top university．In this way，I can get more chance to make a great contribution to China's science and technology industry． 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $