Unit 3 词汇讲解 课件-高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

词 汇 讲 解 选择性必修一 Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 1 重难点词 精讲 set out 一词多义 edge 一词多义 adopt 一词多义 词根 vis ban & prohibit 搭配义 from“角、边缘、尖 (corner, edge, point)，edge 的基本义为“边缘”。 edge n [C]  边；边缘： I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. The old castle was built on the edge of a cliff, overlooking the sea. Our new product places us at the cutting edge of mobile technology.  刀口；刃；利刃： The knife he bought yesterday has no / a sharp edge.  优势 We need to find a way to gain a competitive edge over our rivals. 1. edge 词源解读 物体的“边缘” 刀等的“边缘” 优于其他事物的“边缘” 课文 have / gain an edge on / over 比……占优势；胜过： With that last-second goal, they finally had / gained an edge on / over their long-time rivals. on the edge of 在……边缘；……快要发生（尤指不好的事）： After months of stress, he found himself on the edge of a nervous breakdown. on the edge of one’s seat 极为激动；异常兴奋： The thrilling spy movie had the entire audience on the edge of their seats. vi & vt（使）徐徐移动；给……加边 Darkness was just edging the eastern horizon as the sun began to set. 边缘 edge （基本义） 物体的“边缘” 优势 优于其他事物的“边缘” 刀等的“边缘” 边；边缘 刀口；刃；利刃 edge 语义网络图 2. ban 词源故事 在欧洲的封建时期，封建领主在自己的领地上拥有许多特权，其中之一便是领主可以发布公告，强制要求领地内所有居民做某事或禁止做某事，如要求居民给领主服兵役、禁止在领主的土地上狩猎、捕鱼等。领主所发布的这种公告就是ban。后来，ban的词义逐渐缩小为“禁止做某事”。 vt 禁止；取缔 (prohibit)： All new development is banned within park boundaries. ban sb from (doing) sth: After the scandal, the journalist was banned from the press conferences. n [C]［常用单数］禁止；禁令： During the drought, the government announced a total ban on watering lawns. ban 反义词： allow / permit 课文 vt［正式用语］［常用于被动语态］禁止 (ban / forbid)： Smoking is prohibited in public places. prohibit sb from doing sth: Visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals in the zoo. 【词汇拓展】 prohibition n [U] 禁止；[C] 禁令 Many cultures have strong social prohibitions regarding certain foods. 3. prohibit 动词 + from 结构的词有：ban, shelter, rescue, keep, protect 等  vt & vi 收养；领养： They have adopted an orphan / a dog since 2008. The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt.  vt 采用；采纳 to take and use sth： After much discussion, the committee voted to adopt my suggestion / view. To stay competitive, the company must continually adopt new methods of production. 4. adopt v ad- (to 去) + opt (选择) → 选择后领走 → 收养 → 选择后采用 → 采纳 【词汇拓展】 adopted adj  收养的；领养的： He had his adopted son from China.  移居的: Though born abroad, he proudly served in the military of his adopted country. 5. set out set out 由 set + out 组成： set（使……开始）+ out（出来）→ set out（使）出来 借助小品词 out 去理解 set out 的各义项。 首先思考：该短语如何理解和识记？  出发： The hikers were already setting out on a long walk through the misty forest with suitable shoes.  （怀着目标）开始工作 ： She set out to become the first person in her family to graduate from college, and she succeeded.  阐述： The committee set out its recommendations in a detailed report.  摆放；陈列 set out （使）出来 set out （基本义） set out 语义网络图 使人出来 使工作、任务等开始出来 出发 将想法 / 思想 / 观点表达出来 阐述 开始工作 把物品摆放出来 摆放；陈列 set 的短语动词 set out on a journey 出发 set set off fireworks 放 set aside some money 留出 set down what the teacher said 记下 set up a company 建立 词根 后缀 单词 vis （看 / 看见） -ible:能够……的 visible -ion:行为的过程 vision -ual:与……有关的 visual -it:去（to go） visit -a:名词后缀 visa vis 词根 重难点词 精讲 amuse & amusement 词族 up to fashion 一词多义 搭配义 wander 熟词生义 appeal 一词多义 名词动词化 display 一词多义 一词多义 英汉思维差异 stretch 一词多义 熟词生义 6. stretch vt & vi （被）拉长；伸出 / 展；延伸： The sailors stretched the rope tight to secure the sail against the strong wind. Taking that advanced course really made me stretch myself. Remember to stretch at the end of your workout. The problem of plastic pollution stretches out across all the world’s oceans. n [C] & [U] 伸长；伸展；连绵；延伸 ： Before starting my run, I always give my legs a stretch. After a long stretch of dry weather, farmers are desperately waiting for rain. 基本义：拉长 stretch语义网络图 “拉长”物体 （完全）“拉长”胳膊、腿 “拉长”空间、距离 （被）拉长 伸出；伸展 延伸 拉长 （基本义） stretch 伸长 伸展 延伸；连绵 v n 7. appeal 各类软件的账户如果无法登录时，我们会用到这一功能，以此账户申诉找回账户密码重新登录。 “账户申诉”英文为“Account Appeal”。 appeal词源解读 ap- (= ad-, to 去) + pel (to drive 驱动、推进) ，将某人赶到、驱使到某事物上，即要“呼喊”“呼叫”(to call)，基本义为“呼喊”“呼叫”。 appeal v  vi 呼吁；恳请 to make a serious request for sth you need or want very much： ① appeal (to sb) (for sth): The charity is appealing to the public for donations to help the victims of the earthquake. ② appeal to sb to do sth: The United Nations appealed to both sides to cease fire immediately.  vi 有吸引力；有感染力 to be attractive or interesting to sb： Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!  vi & vt 上诉；申诉： Their lawyer said they plan to appeal to a higher court.  vi 启发；激发 to influence sb’s feelings or thoughts so that they will do sth you want： Instead of threatening him, she decided to appeal to his sense of justice and ask for his help voluntarily. 课文 [C] & [U] 呼吁；恳请： ① appeal (to sb) (for sth): The police are making / launching an appeal for witnesses to come forward. ② appeal to sb to do sth: She appealed to her friend to tell the truth and clear up the misunderstanding.  [U] 吸引力；魅力： appeal for sb: The quiet countryside have / hold wide / popular / more appeal for her than the bustling city.  [C] & [U] 上诉；申诉；上诉权： He won his case on appeal after being wrongly convicted in a lower court.  [C] 启发；打动 appeal n appeal语义网络图 “呼叫”某人做某事 “呼叫”起某人的兴趣 向法庭“呼叫” “呼叫”起某人的想法、情感等 呼吁；恳请 有吸引力；有感染力 上诉；申诉 启发；激发 呼喊；呼叫 (基本义) 呼吁；恳请 吸引力；魅力 上诉；申诉；上诉权 n v 启发；打动 appealing adj 有吸引力的；令人感兴趣的；恳求的： The small coastal town is so appealing that many visitors decide to move there permanently. The pet dog looked at her master with an appealing and frightened look. 有哪些词可以表示有吸引力的、吸引眼球的？ attractive eye-catching fascinating inviting breath-taking charming absorbing appealing 8. wander 《流浪地球》(The Wandering Earth)，2019年上映，获得第32届中国电影金鸡奖最佳故事片奖。故事设定在2075年，讲述了太阳即将毁灭，人类将开启“流浪地球”计划，试图带着地球一起逃离太阳系，寻找人类新家园的故事。wander原意为“闲逛”，the wandering earth 指地球在宇宙中漫步，wandering意为“流浪的”“漫游的”。 wander 的词源义为“漫无目的地闲逛（move about aimlessly）”。 wander词源解读 漫无目的地闲逛；漫游 走神；胡思乱想 由身体上的闲逛到思想上的闲逛 wander 由具象到抽象 wander v  vi & vt 闲逛；徘徊；漫步；离开（正道）： After retirement, they dream of selling everything and wandering about the world with no fixed schedule. It’s pleasant to wander around / through the streets of a new city and discover its hidden corners.  vi 走神；胡思乱想： The meeting was so boring that my mind began to wander to my upcoming vacation. 9. amusement “游乐场”用英文如何表达？ an amusement park amusement n [U] 欢乐；娱乐 [C]［常用复数］娱乐活动： We’re planning to spend the weekend at an amusement park. The old man watched the children play in / with amusement from his balcony. In the past, people had to create their own fun, but today we have many amusements at our fingertips. amuse vt 给……提供娱乐 / 消遣 (entertain)；逗……乐： Disneyland also has many exciting rides to amuse you, from enormous swinging ships to scary freefall drops. Three children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games in the garden. 课文 【词汇拓展】 amusing adj 逗人笑的；有趣的 amused adj 被逗乐的；感到有趣的： Instead of getting angry, the teacher was amused by / at the student’s creative excuse. Playing with water can keep children amused for hours. 【同族词】 amuse, amusing, amused, amusement 10. fashion 时尚界的老佛爷 卡尔·拉格斐 街拍鼻祖 比尔·坎宁汉 世界顶级名模 吉赛尔·邦辰 永恒的时尚女神 奥黛丽·赫本 时尚界设计大师名言 I am a fashion person, and fashion is not only about clothes — it’s about all kinds of change. —— Karl Lagerfeld 我是个fashion的人，但是fashion不仅仅只是指衣服——它是指各种各样的改变。 ——卡尔·拉格斐 fashion词源解读 人类最早的时尚记载可以追溯到中世纪。时尚往往和贵族联系起来，能穿不失品味的服装是当时贵族的梦想。时尚的英文为fashion，从词源学来说，fashion一词来自拉丁文 facio or factio，意思是 a making or doing，是对一种外表行为模式的崇尚方式。 fashion n  [U] & [C]（服饰等的）流行式样；最新款式： Long skirts were in / out of fashion last year. It’s exhausting to try to follow / keep pace with (the) fashion all the time.  [C]（谈吐、行为等的）时尚： People’s lifestyle are fixed by generational habits and fashions.  [U] 时装业： Getting a front-row seat at a fashion show is a symbol of status in the industry. in (a) … fashion 以……的方式： She welcomed all her guests in a warm and friendly fashion. 【词汇拓展】 fashionable adj 流行的；时髦的： Going to yoga classes is a fashionable way to stay healthy now. old-fashioned adj 老式的；过时的；（人）守旧的 表达“变得时尚” be in fashion come into fashion become fashionable start fashions keep up with fashions follow fashions wear fashions 表达“过时 / 不流行” fall out of fashion be out of fashion go out of fashion 表达“重新变得时尚” come back into fashion be back in fashion 时尚行业 fashion business / industry 时装业 fashion markets 时装市场 fashion stores / shops / houses 时装商店 fashion design 时装设计 fashion photography 时尚摄影 fashion brands 时装品牌 fashion companies 时尚公司 流行时尚聚集地 fashion shows 时装秀 fashion shoots 时尚摄影 fashion magazines 时尚杂志 fashion spreads in magazines 杂志中的时尚专栏 时尚界相关的职业 fashion editor 时尚编辑 fashion designer 时尚设计师 fashion photographer 时尚摄影师 fashion stylist 时尚造型师 11. up to 猜一猜这里的up to 是什么意思呢？ up to  达到；最多有： She has treated many patients who wash their hands up to 30 times a day.  直到 (up till / until) ： Up to now, this has been the most challenging job I’ve ever had.  [非正式用语] 正在做（秘密或不该做的事）： The boss seems very secretive about the meeting. I wonder what they’re up to.  胜任；适于： His recent work is not up to his usual high standard. After her surgery, she wasn’t up to going out for a long walk. 基本义：达到 up to 语义网络图 达到 up to 基本义 “达到”数量 / 标准等 “达到”某一个时间 人“达到”做某事的状态 人“达到”做某事的能力 达到；最多有 直到 正在做（秘密或不该做的事） 胜任；适于 a computer display 12. display 计算机显示器 vt  陈列；展览 (exhibit)： About 35,000 works are currently being displayed in over 300 rooms in the Louvre. 外研新必修③ – 4 This data is not suitable to be displayed on a simple chart.  显示；显露（情感等）： Making eye contact — in some countries is a way to display interest. 人教新选必① – 4改 （计算机） 显示（信息） dis- (不) + play (= plic, to fold 折叠) → 不折叠，不叠起来即“展示” display n [C]  陈列；展览；表演： An attractive window display can be a very effective form of advertising. There is always a huge public firework display on National Day.  （特性、情感或能力的）显示；表露： To show her support, she made a public display of affection.  显示（器） The new smartphone model is now on display / on show in our store. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display. 2020 山东 display 语义网络图 展示物体 屏幕等展示信息 展示情感 陈列；展览 显示；显露 显示（信息） 展示 （基本义） （特性、情感或能力的）显示；表露 n v 陈列；展览；表演 显示（器） 名词动词化 说出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。 1. Wait! The medicine bottle was labeled “Cautions”; always read the instructions on the label. ____________ 2. I want to cycle round the island and I’ll buy tickets for my cycle. ____________ 3. Teachers chart each student’s progress through the year in a chart. ____________ 4. Is there an iron available? I prefer to iron my shirts. ____________ 标明 骑自行车 记录 熨烫 英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。 6. 彩虹 _________ 1. 熨斗 ___________ 英汉思维差异 英译汉或汉译英。 3. port __________ 4. 护照 __________ 2. 过山车 the __________ 5. 大黄鸭 ___________ 港（口） passport roller coaster rubber duck iron rainbow 英语在命名事物时偏向于理性，强调事物的本质特征。汉语在命名事物时更感性，重在强调事物的外形特征及功能。这是英汉思维差异一个很重要的体现。 英汉思维差异 本单元金句汇总 1. Billy sat on the edge of the desk, swinging his legs. 2. The school decided to adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages. 3. The road stretched out across the desert into the distance. 4. The organization has made / launched an appeal to the public to raise £150,000 for the sick kid. 5. Harry Potter stories are so appealing that they encourage children to read more. 6. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display. $