练案19 选择性必修第一册 阶段强化训练7-【衡中学案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习练案（北师大版）

Ⅳ.读后续写 pictures out of the newspaper.Then he drew some pictures of 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续his own.He cut and pasted（粘贴)stories from his old 写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 magazines.Then he looked up the words he did not know and (2025·福建质检)：wrote down their meanings. Mrs.Flippen's class sat listening to a talk being In the days and weeks that followed,Tucker given by a local author.Tucker sat absent-mindedly in collected more ideas.He found that the more he one of the library chairs.Most of the students wanted to collected,the easier it became to find things to collect. hear about the writer's work.Tucker did not. Tucker's book of ideas grew fatter and fatter. “Why bother'?”Tucker thought to himself.He 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； always received low marks on his writing assignments,no 2.请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。 matter how hard he worked on them.He could never think One morning,Mrs.Flippen told the class about a of anything interesting to write about. story writing competition. "Does anyone have any questions?"Mrs.Flippen asked her class. Tucker raised his hand,"How do you know what to write about?” “Well,sometimes I don't,.”the author replied.“It takes a lot of hard work to come up with ideas.She reached down and pulled a worn-looking book from a cloth bag on the floor.“I find making a scrapbook(剪贴 簿)helps.” Tucker sat up a little straighter in his seat."What's Then came the day when the headmaster announced in the book?”he asked. the result. "I fill it with pictures,stories,and notes about things that interest me.The writer opened the scrapbook on her knee."When I need an idea,I look through the book instead of staring at a blank page." Tucker thought about the author's scrapbook as he walked home.He thought of staring at a blank page each time he tried to write a story.Digging in his bookcase, Tucker found an old binder(话页夹).He filled the binder with notepaper from his desk.After supper,Tucker cut some 练案[19] 选择性必修第一册 阶段强化训练7 I.阅读理解 义 land,travelers can now enjoy a truly luxurious experience (2025·蓉城名校联盟入学考)in Cambodia-一mixing ancient ruins and culture,cuisine Best Places to Travel in 2024 and handicrafts,rainforest and jungle,and ending with a Get your suitcase ready,because we came up with wonderful beach stay.In the little-visited Cardamom the definitive list of the best places to travel this year.Forest Protected Area,options for hiking,mountain These trips will be epic! biking,boating and bird-watching are plentiful. Cambodia Paros Cambodia is a must-see destination for many Visiting the island is one of the best things to do in travelers.With the addition of luxury hotels and vacationi Greece since it means enjoying pleasant beaches -463— surrounded by the blue waters of the Aegean Sea.While away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree's leaves. you're here,explore the winding streets and charming This is highly effective;the ants not only physically harm villages of Naoussa and Lefkes,and drink coffee or wine the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter at the beautiful port of Parikia. other potential attackers. Texas But these ants are in trouble.Another species called As far as natural wonders go,it's hard to beat a total the "big-headed"ant is destroying entire groups of tree- solar eclipse()for impressiveness...and for being protecting ants.This,in turn,sets off an entire chain of easily predictable.But even if you know the eclipse's events that ends up influencing when and how lions can path,you'll still need to get to a spot with good visibility. hunt. That's where Texas comes in. This ant invasion (A)affects one thing after the Ras Al Khaimah other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against Ras Al Khaimah is a great spot for outdoorsy types,herbivores-especially elephants.The elephants come in who can swim in the clear blue waters,then head off for a i and eat the acacias-at five to seven times the rate quad biking(四轮越野摩托车)adventure in the desert observed in uninvaded areas.The lions,while hunting for or fly across the desert on the world's longest zipline.If food,have no more trees to use for hiding.This reduced you get a chance to spend New Year's Eve here,don't tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and miss it.The Emirate holds multiple Guinness World pushes them to find different areas to hunt in. Records for its magnificent fireworks performances held "These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put during its New Year's celebrations. an African ecosystem together,determining who is eaten 1.What do Cambodia and Paros have in common? and where,"said Todd Palmer,an ecologist from A.They own well-known ports. Florida. B.They have delightful beaches. The lions,which are already endangered,are C.They offer options for boating. managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their D.They host recent sporting events. attention on zebras.The zebras,of course,can see them 2.Which place will you choose for a clear view of a total much better on the approach given the lack of cover. solar eclipse? Instead,they are targeting water buffalo.But this also A.Cambodia B.Paros C.Texas. isn't the end of the story.Who knows what the lions' D.Ras Al Khaimah. 3.What is special about Ras Al Khaimah? changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line? A.It is known for its colorful nightlife. 4.What does the underlined word "deter"in paragraph 2 B.It has some fantastic beaches in the world. probably mean? C.It is home to ancient ruins and cultural sites. A.Direct. D.It offers adventurous activities like motorcycling. B.Discourage. B C.Identify. D.Seek. (2025·青岛市一模) 5.What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction? An ancient Latin proverb says "Aquila non capit muscas”一eagles don't hunt flies-一meaning that A.Cooperating with“big-headed'”ants. important ones shouldn't concern themselves with small, B.Damaging the hiding place for lions. insignificant matters.But the lions in East Africa should C.Protecting the acacias from herbivores. concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, D.Starting off the disturbance of the chain. because these ants are changing their lifestyles. 6.The author mentions lions,zebras and water buffalo to The story starts with the acacia trees(金合欢树)in show that an African wildlife area in central Kenya.Some of these A.animals fall victim to bigger ones acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant B.the ecology is on the road to recovery species,which in turn defend the tree against herbivores C.animals are correlated in the ecosystem （食草a动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving D.species are firmly positioned in the food chain 464 7.What is the text mainly about? Harry Potter character to life,the interactive wand A.What ecologists find about animals table lets them pick out a wand and put it to the test. B.Why African lions are endangered. When it comes to buying gifts,the store says its C.How tiny ants affect the way lions hunt. personalization area offers a huge number of excellent D.How the law of the jungle works in Africa products.And fans can choose from a lot of c personalization choices,including putting their own name (2024·长沙市一中等名校联考)on a robe(睡袍).While the store adds the finishing Harry Potter fans have been able to visit the official touches to 935 Broadway,many products are available to Harry Potter flagship store in the heart of New York City be bought from the Harry Potter online shop. next to the Flatiron Building on Broadway since last year.8.What is the new standard that Harry Potter New York And Harry Potter New York has set a new standard for has set? themed stores,combining impressive design,exciting A.It's a themed store. interactive elements and featured products,and inviting fans B.It's a three-floor store. to experience the Wizarding World in a completely new way.C.It locates in the heart of New York City. Having three floors,the store houses the largest D.It offers different shopping experiences. collection of Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts products 9.What's in sight at the entrance of the store? under one roof.Harry Potter New York features 15A.A model overhead. different themed areas,each one carefully presented toi B.A Harry Potter film. bring the magic of the Wizarding World to life. C.A phoenix on the floor. Entering the store,customers will pass under a huge D.An area designed to take photos. model of Fawkes,the phoenix looking down from the top10.What could fans do in Harry Potter New York? of the store.Fawkes was created especially for Harry A.They could get a robe for free. Potter New York by a team over a number of months.The B.They could select their wand. impressive model weighs over 220 lbs and is just one of! C.They could enter a phone box in London. the many objects in the film series,each one created to D.They could transport themselves into the Ministry surprise and please customers as they explore. of Magic. Stepping inside Harry Potter New York,fans are 11.What is the main idea of the text? invited to pose at one of many photo opportunities, A.Broadway is adding a decoration to itself. including posing inside a London phone box for a photo as B.New York is popular with Harry Potter fans. if transporting themselves into the Ministry of Magic!For C.A Harry Potter store is taking on a new look. those who have always dreamed of bringing their favorite D.Many fans come to visit Harry Potter New York. Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·佛山市质检)》 Camping Tips Tricks for a Fun Trip Many people idealize camping trips as being this easy,effortless encounter with destinations rich with natural landscapes and nights under the stars twinkling in the sky above.1.That's why we've prepared the best camping tips for you! Plan accordingly,and then plan again.When you're out in the middle of nowhere,you have to be equipped to nature's challenges.2.Therefore,a plan for unexpected weather changes is essential to a successful camping trip.For example,consider packing extra suppliers like blankets.While that might seem like a huge inconvenience, the biggest and real issue occurs when you need something you don't have. Know what you need.3.Not all beginner campers will need the top-of-the-line,latest supplies.But you should have at least the basics!That includes a decent tent with enough room for people camping with you,a good sleeping bag appropriate for the season,and other supplies like food and water.You'd better create a convenient checklist that lays out everything that you should consider. —465 4 When you're far away from the major conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center,police stations,and emergency rooms,you should always remember that safety is your first priority!5.A first-aid kit is a great starting point,but it's certainly not the end of maximizing your safety efforts.Depending on where you plan to camp,you'll want to grab these items that cover you in most emergency situations:a pocket knife,a fire starter, and a safety whistle. Ready to go camping?Now you know what to expect and how to prepare for your next camping trip,so you actually have fun-rain or shine! A.Always choose a safe campsite. B.Never leave home without safety in mind. C.We encourage you to create a safety supply kit. D.Camping doesn't have to be complicated or expensive. E.A clear 3-day forecast can easily shift into a sudden heavy rain. F.To maximize your comfort,always bring appropriate clothes for cold and rain. G.But for beginner campers,those expectations can rapidly turn into a mess of reality. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·广东省深圳市一调) A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce.So far,a theme park in western France 1.(employ)six birds,more exactly six crows,to collect and deal with garbage-mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.The birds take the 2.(collect)trash to special bins where they can receive bird food in exchange 3.putting away the litter. Park president Nicolas said,"The purpose of employing the crows is to educate people to take on their social 4. (responsible).Since the birds are able to do 5.we are much more able to do than them,we should do this by ourselves.” Crows have long been observed for their various amazing 6.(display)of intelligence.They are one of the 1 (smart)groups of animals on earth,with remarkable problem-solving,tool-making,and deductive reasoning (推理)skills. In addition to inspiring humans to pick up trash,the clever crows currently 8.(work)at the park are pretty excited to put their intelligence to work. “It has become9. exciting game for them,"Nicolas says."They pick up the trash on the ground,and every day they 10. (reward)for what they have done. Ⅳ.应用文写作 (2024·湖北省重点中学联考) 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Hery明年打算来 中国游玩，请你给他写一封信，向他推荐一个主题乐 园。内容包括： 1.推荐理由； 2.主要活动； 3.美好祝愿。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 —466apps.”可知，教育者可以讲解技术设计的诀窍，解释公司如何使 练案[19] 用自动播放等功能来吸引用户留在他们的应用程序上，所以此：【· A 处应是指出了解这些内容的好处，G项（了解这些内容可以激 语篇导读：2024年最佳旅游目的地。 励学生重新掌控他们的注意力。)符合语境。故选G。 1.B 细节理解题。根据Cambodia部分的“ending with a 2.D根据上文“The decline in youth mental health is associated with wonderful beach stay”和Paros部分的“it means enjoying pleasant an increase in social media use.”和下文“We can help our students i beaches surrounded by the blue waters of the Aegean Sea"可知，柬 by allowing them to consider the benefits of technology'”可知，设空 埔寨和帕罗斯都有宜人的海滩。B项中的“delightful”是对文中 处应承上启下，D项（这绝不意味着所有技术都是坏的。）与上 的“wonderful'”“pleasant”的同义转换。A项“他们有著名的港 下文内容逻辑衔接得当，强调技术的两面性，提醒我们不要一 口。”；B项“他们有宜人的海滩。”；C项“他们提供划船的选 概而论，符合语境。故选D。 择。”；D项“他们主办最近的体育赛事。”。故选B。 3.C 根据下文的“These are elassic examples of thinking traps.”可2.C 细节理解题。根据题干中的“a total solar eclipse”可将解题信息 知，本段主要介绍了一些思维陷阱的经典例子，C项（建立他们 定位至Texas部分。根据“it's hard to beat a total solar eclipse(日 对思维陷阱的意识。)与本段内容最为吻合，符合语境，其中 食)for impressiveness..That's where Texas comes in”可知，你如果 traps是关键信息词。故选C。 想要观看清晰的日全食，可以选择去得克萨斯。故选C。 4,E根据本段主题句“Uncover the ways that AI can play a oe n3.D细节理解题。根据Ras Al Khaimah部分的“then head off misinformation.”和上文提到的人工智能如何在信息误导中发挥 for a quad biking(四轮越野摩托车)adventure in the desert or fly 作用、推荐算法如何决定我们在社交媒体上看到和不看到的内 across the desert on the world's longest zipline”可知，哈伊马角提 供一些冒险活动。故选D。 容可推断，此处是说这可能导致我们受到极端观点的影响。E B 项（它们会把我们拉向越来越极端的观点。）符合语境。故 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了在非洲的一个野生动物区中，一 选E。 种看似微小的蚂蚁是如何影响了狮子的狩猎行为，并最终可能改 5.B根据前文“Encourage families to have meaningful conversations 变生态系统的运转。 with their child.Take the time to share with families the topics and: 4.B词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“This is highly effective;the resources you're teaching in class.(鼓励家长与孩子进行有意义 ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release 的对话。花点时间和家人分享你在课堂上教授的话题和资； chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.”可知，not 源。)”可知，此处鼓励家长和孩子之间进行有意义的交流，沟通 omly..but also..连接并列成分，前面说这些蚂蚁不仅通过身 和分享。B选项“Connect them with their inner world.(把他们和： 体攻击阻止食草动物，由此可推知，它们还释放出能够阻止其 他们的内心世界联系起来。)”承接前文，指出通过有意义的交 他潜在攻击者的化学物质，画线词在此处的意思是“阻止”， 流和沟通能够和彼此的内心世界联系起来，符合语境。故 discourage有“阻止”之意。故选B。 选B。 5.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The elephants come in and V.【写作提示】 eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded 故事人物 塔克、作家、弗利彭老师 areas.The lions,while hunting for food.have no more trees to use for hiding.”可知，大象进入并吃掉没有被蚂蚁保护的金合欢树 塔克作文写得不好，在一次当地作家给全班的写作 的速度是未人侵地区的五到七倍，这使得狮子在捕猎时失去了 讲座上，塔克从作家那里学到了一个收集写作素材 藏身之处，因此大象的行为破坏了狮子的藏身地。故选B。 故事梗概 的方法：自制剪贴簿。于是他开始在一个活页夹里 :6.C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断，作者提到狮子、斑马 贴上便笺、照片、杂志故事，希望在写作时能找到 和水牛这些不同动物、想要表达的是动物在生态系统中是相互关联 灵感。 的，它们之间的相互影响会导致生态系统的变化。故选C。 7.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了在非洲一个 第一段：1.描写塔克试着从剪贴簿中获取写作灵 野生动物区，微小的蚂蚁入侵了金合欢树区域，导致了一系列 感；2.塔克写作的过程。 续写要点 的连锁反应，最终导致狮子的狩猎方式发生改变，因此文章主 第二段：1.描写塔克没有在写作比赛中获奖：2.弗 要讨论的是微小的蚂蚁如何影响狮子的狩猎。故选C。 利彭老师安慰并鼓励塔克。 C 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了坐落于纽约的哈利·波特旗舰 参考范文： 店，该商店树立了新的标准，将令人印象深刻的设计、令人兴奋的 One morning,Mrs.Flippen told the class about a story writing 互动元素和特色产品结合起来，邀请哈利·波特迷们以一种全新 competition.Tucker wanted to win and he tried to make a good story.That 的方式体验魔法世界。 night,Tucker looked through his scrapbook instead of staring at a blank 8.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“..combining impressive page.At first,nothing happened.Slowly,he began to fit pieces together design,exciting interactive elements and featured products,and like a puzzle.He picked a setting for his story from a picture.He used the inviting fans to experience the Wizarding World in a completely new name from an article for his character.Tucker's story started to grow.He way.”可知，哈利·波特纽约旗舰店树立了新的标准，为消费者 worked on it every night until it came time to hand in the story. 提供了不同的购物体验。故选D。 Then came the day when the headmaster announced the result,.9.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Entering the store,customers However,the headmaster didn't call out Tucker's name.His story did will pass under a huge model of Fawkes,the phoenix looking down not win."Why?I tried my best,"he thought to himself and sank into from the top of the store.”可知，刚进人商店时映人眼帘的是在商 his chair,at a loss."I know you are disappointed,Tucker,"Mrs. 店最高处往下看的凤凰模型，即头顶上的模型。故选A。 Flippen said.“I want you to know I really like your story.It might not!l0.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the interactive wand(魔杖) be the best in the class this time,but it is your best work so far." table lets them pick out a wand and put it to the test”可知，在这 Tucker smiled at Mrs.Flippen and went to congratulate his classmates. 里哈利·波特迷们可以挑选自己的魔杖。故选B。 590 I1.C主旨大意题。通览全文内容，尤其是第一段最后一句可：词。故填responsibilities/responsibility。 知，本文主要介绍了哈利·波特纽约旗舰店以一种新的方式5.wat考查名词性从句。句意：既然鸟类能做我们比它们更有能力 让人们体验魔法世界，据此可知，C项（一家哈利·波特商店焕 做的事，我们就应该自己做这件事。分析句子成分可知，设空处 然一新。)能够概括本文的主旨大意。故选C。 导宾语从句，作do的宾语，表示“.…的事情”。故填what。 Ⅱ.语篇导读：文章主要介绍了几条露营小技巧：根据需要做6.displays考查名词的数。句意：人们长期以来一直观察到乌鸦 好两套计划，以应对天气变化；按需准备露营物资；永远考虑安 表现出各种各样令人惊叹的智慧。display作名词，意为“展示； 全，应急安全包很重要。 显露”时为可数名词，根据their various可知，应用其复数形式e L.G根据设空处后的“"That's why we've prepared the best camping tips 故填displays for you!”可知，本句介绍的是结果：准备露营小贴士。因此，设空处 7.smartest考查形容词的最高级。句意：它们是地球上最聪明的 应是介绍这样做的原因，以呼应wy。G项（但对于露营新手来； 动物群体之一…。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词 说，这些期望很快就会变成现实的混乱。)解释了原因，且在句！ 复数”为固定结构，意为“最…的之一”，此处应用smart的最 意上与前文构成转折关系，前后衔接紧密，符合语境。故选G。 高级形式。故填smartest。 2.E设空处前的“When you're out in the middle of nowhere,.ou8.working考查非谓语动词。句意：除了激励人类去捡垃圾外， have to be equipped to nature's challenges.”提到了“自然的挑i 目前在公园工作的聪明的乌鸦也非常兴奋地将它们的智慧用 战”，下文“Therefore,a plan for unexpected weather changes is 于工作。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定 essential to a successful camping trip.”提到了“不可预料的天气 语，work与其所修饰词crows之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以 变化”，因此，设空处应同样涉及“天气”话题，以便与前后文衔 应用现在分词。故填working。 接。E项（一个晴朗的3天预报很容易转变为突然的大雨。）符9.an 考查冠词。句意：“对它们来说，这已经成为一项令人兴奋 合语境，承上启下。故选E。 的游戏。”尼古拉斯说。分析句子成分可知，设空处应填冠词。 3.D根据主旨句“Know what you need.”可知，该段介绍的是对于 game为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且exciting的发音以元音音素 露营物资方面的准备；下文“Not all beginner campers will need 开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 the top-of-the-line,latest supplies.But you should have at least the :l0.are rewarded考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：它 basics!”介绍了“基本需要”这一原则，因此设空处要呼应主题 们捡起地上的垃圾，并且每天都因它们所做的事而得到奖励。 “露营物资”和“基本需要”。D项（露营不必复杂或昂贵。）贴合： 分析句子成分可知，设空处在分句中作谓语，根据时间状语 主题，符合语境。故选D。 every day可知，应用一般现在时；又因reward和they之间为被 4.B根据设空处后的“When you're far away from the major! 动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是they,谓语应用复数形式。故 conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center,police 填are rewarded。 stations,and emergency rooms,you should always remember that N.参考范文： safetyis yourpriority!!”可知，该段强调的是“露营的安全间Dear Henry, 题”，设空句作为主旨句，应突出“安全”。B项（离开家之前必 I am delighted to leam you will come to China and I'm equally 须牢记安全问题。)符合语境，可以作为主旨句。故选B。 pleased to recommend Shanghai Disneyland,a theme park which never 5.C根据设空处前的“When you're far away from the major fails to fascinate me. conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center,police As the sixth Disney resort worldwide,it has been popular ever stations,and emergency rooms,you should always remember that i since it opened on June 16,2016.Strolling in the park,you will feel as safety is your first priority！”和下文“A first-aid kit is a great starting point,but it's certainly not the end of maximizing your if you were in a magical world.Travelling through space,visiting a safety efforts.”可知，作者在这里强调了外出时的安全问题，并 pirate ship,or meeting an adorable fairy tale or cartoon character are 且提到了急救箱。由此推知，设空处内容应与急救箱有关，C项 all possible at Disneyland.Of course,Disneyland also has many thrilling rides to amuse you,such as scary free-fall drops. (我们鼓励您创建一个安全供应箱。)符合语境。故选C。 Ⅲ.语篇导读：文章主要介绍了法国西部的一个主题公园“雇 Sincerely hope all these can be of great help to you.Look forward 用”了六只乌鸦来收集和处理垃圾，目的是教育人们承担社会责任 to your arrival and wish you all the best. 1.has employed考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为 Yours, 止，法国西部的一个主题公园已经“雇用”了六只鸟，更准确地 Li Hua 说是六只乌鸦，来收集和处理垃圾一一主要是烟蒂和其他小碎 练案[20] 片。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语I· A So far可知，应用现在完成时，且句子主语a theme park为单数 语篇导读：研究者发现相比较于扑克脸，脸部反映一个人的内 概，念，谓语应用单数形式。故填has employed。 心世界能给一个人带来更温暖的回应，这类人的社交优势更明显。 2.collected考查非谓语动词。句意：这些鸟把收集到的垃圾送到1.B段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，这项研究涉及1,300 专门的垃圾箱里，在那里它们可以扔掉垃圾以换取鸟食。根据！ 多名参与者，研究发现人们在对话中面部表情的变化具有显著 句意可知，设空处应用非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词trash: 差异。重要的是，这种表情表达被认为是一种稳定的个体特 collect与trash之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词 质。在不同的情境中，与不同的社交伙伴交流时，甚至在长达 collected,表示“收集到的”。故填collected。 四个月的时间段内，人们表现出相似程度的面部表情丰富性。 3.for考查介词。句意见上一题解析。in exchange for为固定搭！所以该段在讲述研究的结果。故选B。 配，意为“作为对…的交换”。故填for。 :2.D推理判断题。根据第三段的“In a negotiation task.·.secure a 4.responsibilities/responsibility考查词性转换。句意：“雇用”乌larger slice of a reward..smoothing over conflicts”可知，在谈判任 鸦的目的是教育人们承担社会责任。设空处前有形容词性物！ 务中，更具有表现力的人更有可能获得更大份额的奖励。研究 主代词their及形容词social修饰，应填名词。responsible的名词！ 人员表明，对于那些和蔼可亲的人，有活力的面部表情也许起 形式responsibility,意为“责任"时，可作可数名词，也可作不可数名： 着构建良好的关系和缓和冲突的工具。D项中的“strategy”是 591