精品解析：上海市行知中学2025～2026学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题

上海市行知中学2025-2026学年第一学期第二次月考 高三年级英语试卷 第I卷 （共65分） I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods? Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a ____1____ (tasty) one as well. As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming ____2____ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while ____3____ may even become scarce within the next 30 years. Whether or not you try to limit yourself ____4____ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield. According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas ____5____ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue. With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, ____6____ (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons (鲑鱼) ____7____ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever ____8____ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters. And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It could be silenced ____9____ shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification. Even worse is the possibility _____10_____ we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050. 【答案】1. less tasty 2. continues/is continuing 3. others 4. to 5. are estimated 6. causing 7. whose 8. taken 9. because/since/as 10. that 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了气候变化对于人类食物的影响。 【1题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们可能不但要适应更炎热的天气，而且能吃到的美食也更少了。前后句意表示转折，表示能吃到的美食也更少了。所以用less来修饰tasty one。故填less tasty。 【2题详解】 考查一般现在时/现在进行时。句意：随着与全球变暖有关的二氧化碳含量的增加继续影响着天气，我们常常忘记它们也影响着我们食物的数量、质量和生长地点。分析句子可知，本句为as引导的时间状语从句，表示现在一直发生的情况，从句的时态用一般现在时或者现在进行时，主语为the increased amount of carbon dioxide，所以谓语为continues/is continuing。故填continues/is continuing。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：一些食物已经感受到了影响，而另一些甚至可能在未来30年内变得稀缺。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语。some...others... “一些…另一些”，为固定用法，所以空处填others。故填others. 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：无论你是否试图每天只喝一杯咖啡，气候变化对世界咖啡种植区的影响可能让你别无选择。limit…to“把……限制在……”为固定用法。故填to。 【5题详解】 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：根据澳大利亚气候研究所等组织的数据，如果目前的气候模式继续下去，到2050年估计目前一半的咖啡产区不适合种植咖啡。分析句子可知，从句为一般现在时，主语为half of the present coffee-producing areas，谓语为estimate，主语与谓语为被动关系，用被动语态。所以空处填are estimated。故填are estimated。 【6题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：随着气温的不断上升，海洋吸收了部分热量并经历了自身的变暖，导致鱼类数量下降，包括冷血生物龙虾和鲑鱼，它们的卵在较高的水温下很难生存。分析句子可知，cause与之前的句意在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词causing。故填causing。 【7题详解】 考查关系代词。句意：随着气温的不断上升，海洋吸收了部分热量并经历了自身的变暖，导致鱼类数量下降，包括冷血生物龙虾和鲑鱼，它们的卵在较高的水温下很难生存。分析句子可知，salmons为先行词在后面定语从句中作eggs的定语，所以用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【8题详解】 考查省略句。句意：温暖的海水也会促使一些有毒的海洋细菌生长。每当它与海鲜一起被食用时，如牡蛎，就会给人类带来疾病。分析句子可知，本句为时间状语从句的省略句，还原后的句子为：whenever it is taken，因为时间状语从句的谓语动词是is，所以it is被省略。故填taken。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：而你在咬碎螃蟹或龙虾（crab and lobster）的壳时将不再听到令人满足的噼啪声，因为甲壳类水生动物由于海洋酸化将难以长出坚硬的碳酸钙壳。分析句子可知，本句缺少从属连词，根据句意可知，本句缺少表示原因的从属连词，所以用because/since/as。 故填because/since/as。 【10题详解】 考查连接词。句意：更糟的结果是再也吃不到海鲜。分析句子可知，possibility后接同位语从句。同位语从句句子成分完整，句意完整，所以空处填连接词that。故填that。 【点睛】状语从句中的主谓省略 ① 在以if、when、though、unless、as、as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句中的谓语动词是be，可以将状语从句中的主谓省略。 ② 如果从句主谓语是it is或it was，可以省略主谓结构，if it is possible, when it is necessary等都是这种结构。 分析小题8句子可知，本句为时间状语从句的省略句，还原后的句子为：whenever it is taken，因为时间状语从句的谓语动词是is，所以it is被省略。故填taken。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___11___ , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they___12___ the appearance of a new generation. The ___13___ between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___14___ the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___15___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguishthemselves as a new generation, which he hasgiven them the nickname of “ingeneration”. Rosen says portability is the key. They are___16___from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are ___17___ banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___18___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___19___ . “The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world ___20___ ,” Rosen says. 【答案】11. J 12. E 13. H 14. A 15. G 16. K 17. I 18. B 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技正在让年轻一代变得与众不同。 【11题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：对于研究他们的心理学家、社会学家和媒体专家来说，他们的数字设备使这个新群体与众不同，甚至与他们熟悉技术的千禧一代哥哥姐姐也不例外。set sb apart from表示“使某人与众不同”，故填J。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些差异看似微不足道，但却标志着新一代的出现。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“the appearance of a new generation”可知此处表示“标志”，故填E。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：心理学家拉里·罗森认为千禧一代和年轻一代之间的反差如此明显，以至于他在一本新书中宣布新一代的诞生。此处用名词做主语，根据“between Millennialelders and this younger group”可知此处表示“反差”，故填H。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“the birth of a new generation”可知此处表示“宣布”，故填A。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：罗森说，从20世纪90年代初出生的人技术占主导地位的生活经历与他在2007年的书中所写的千禧一代大不相同。此处做定语修饰名词life experience，根据“technically”可知此处表示“占主导地位的”，life experience与dominate是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做定语，故填G。 【16题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：它们与无线设备密不可分，无线设备不仅允许他们打电话，还允许他们发短信。be inseparable from表示“不可与……分开”，故填K。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：即使在可能禁止使用手机的课堂上，他们也可以一直保持联系。修饰动词banned用副词，根据“even in class, where cell phones”可知此处表示“可能”，故填I。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：但研究结果表明，青少年比我们根据他们的年龄和大脑发育预测的更能抵御干扰。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”可知此处表示“幸免于、抵御”，故填B。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：罗森说，因为这些孩子在较小的时候更热衷于科技，教育体系必须进行重大改革。修饰动词change用副词，根据“Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages”可知此处表示“显著地”，故填F。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们必须给他们选择，因为他们希望自己的世界变得更有个性。此处用形容词做宾补，根据“We have to give them options”可知此处表示“个性化的”，故填C。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Why Do People’s Exercise Needs Vary so Much? Exercise needs vary among people due to a number of factors, including ... Genetic variability Genes play a big role in determining a person’s ____21____ to exercise. Genetic variations influence factors such as muscle fibre composition, metabolism (新陈代谢) and cardiovascular (心血管的) capacity. Some people may be ____22____ predisposed to endurance activities, while others may have a genetic make-up that favors strength exercises. Metabolic rate Metabolic rate varies between people due to genetic and physiological factors. Some people have a higher basal metabolic rate, meaning they burn calories faster while ____23____. This affects energy ____24____ during exercise and influences the type and intensity of exercise needed for weight management and fitness. Body composition Variations in body composition ____25____ how a person responds to exercise. Someone with a higher percentage of lean muscle mass may have different strength and endurance capabilities to someone with a higher percentage of body fat. ____26____ Exercise requirements ____27____ over the course of a person’s life. Children and adolescents may have different needs for growth and development compared to adults or older people ____28____ bone density and functional abilities. Personal goals Not everyone wants to get faster or be stronger. Most people have their own ____29____ when exercising and the plan they follow needs to cater to those goals. Personal _____30_____ also come into play, as some people prefer exercising in a team or class, while others prefer solo workouts. In between exercise Activity _____31_____ between workouts will also influence a person’s exercise needs and how much they eat. If you’re in a(n) _____32_____ job, for example, you might not need as much exercise as someone who is more sedentary (需要久坐的). Recovery is also important, as this is where the majority of your gains are made. Everyone has different recovery times, even after doing the _____33_____ workout. Psychological factors Psychological factors, including _____34_____, stress levels and mental health also affect exercise preferences and adherence (坚持). Recognizing and embracing these _____35_____ is vital for tailoring effective and sustainable exercise programmes that meet a person’s needs 21 A. attempt B. response C. tendency D. chance 22. A. especially B. naturally C. regularly D. typically 23. A. at rest B. at work C. being alone D. in groups 24. A. conservation B. efficiency C. expenditure D. intake 25. A. affect B. dominate C. monitor D. reflect 26. A. Age B. Diet C. Lifespan D. Size 27. A. change B. continue C. persist D. shrink 28. A. coping with B. focusing on C. relying on D. starting with 29. A. goals B. positions C. routines D. schedules 30. A. experiences B. opinions C. preferences D. reasons 31. A. durations B. intervals C. levels D. patterns 32. A. active B. boring C. decent D. demanding 33. A. extra B. new C. same D. tough 34. A. education B. environment C. motivation D. nutrition 35. A. differences B. exceptions C. factors D. features 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“人们锻炼需求存在显著差异”这一核心话题，从基因变异性、新陈代谢率、身体成分、年龄、个人目标、锻炼间隙、心理因素七个维度，条理清晰地解释了导致差异的具体原因，旨在帮助读者理解个体锻炼需求不同的根源。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：基因在决定一个人对锻炼的反应方面起着重要作用。A. attempt尝试、努力；B. response反应、回应；C. tendency倾向、趋势；D. chance机会、可能性。根据下文“Genetic variations influence factors such as muscle fibre composition, metabolism (新陈代谢) and cardiovascular (心血管的) capacity.”可知，基因决定人对不同锻炼的反应。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人可能天生就适合耐力活动，而另一些人的基因构成则更有利于力量训练。A. especially尤其、特别；B. naturally天生地、自然地；C. regularly定期地、有规律地；D. typically通常、典型地。根据下文“while others may have a genetic make-up that favors strength exercises.”中的“genetic”可推测，空处指的是有些人天生适合耐力活动。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：有些人基础代谢率较高，这意味着他们在休息时燃烧卡路里的速度更快。A. at rest休息时、静止状态；B. at work工作时、在运转；C. being alone独处时；D. in groups集体中、成群地。根据上文“Some people have a higher basal metabolic rate”以及常识可知，基础代谢率指的是人体在清醒且极端安静状态下的代谢率，也就是休息时的代谢率。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这会影响锻炼时的能量消耗，并影响体重管理和健身所需的锻炼类型和强度。A. conservation保存、保护；B. efficiency效率、效能；C. expenditure消耗、支出；D. intake摄入、吸收。根据上文可知，代谢率高的人休息时燃烧卡路里更快；再根据下文“influences the type and intensity of exercise needed for weight management and fitness.”可知，代谢快意味着锻炼时能量消耗更快。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：身体成分的差异会影响一个人对锻炼的反应。A. affect影响、打动；B. dominate主导、支配；C. monitor监测、监控；D. reflect反映、反射。根据下文“Someone with a higher percentage of lean muscle mass may have different strength and endurance capabilities to someone with a higher percentage of body fat.”可知，身体成分差异影响锻炼反应。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：年龄。A. Age年龄；B. Diet饮食、节食；C. Lifespan寿命、生命周期；D. Size尺寸、规模。空处为小标题，是下文因素的归纳。根据下文“Exercise requirements ____7____ over the course of a person’s life. Children and adolescents may have different needs for growth and development compared to adults or older people ____8____ bone density and functional abilities.”可知，本段主要讲述的是年龄对人们锻炼需求的影响。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人的锻炼需求会随着年龄的增长而变化。A. change变化、改变；B. continue继续、持续；C. persist坚持、持续存在；D. shrink缩小、减少。根据下文“Children and adolescents may have different needs for growth and development compared to adults or older people ____8____ bone density and functional abilities.”可知，一个人锻炼的需求会随着年龄的增长而变化。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：儿童和青少年在生长发育方面的需求可能与成年人或年长者关注的骨密度和功能能力不同。A. coping with应对、处理；B. focusing on专注于、侧重；C. relying on依赖、依靠；D. starting with从……开始。根据上文“Children and adolescents may have different needs for growth and development”可知，儿童青少年的锻炼需求为生长发育；而相较之下，成年人或年长者关注的骨密度和功能能力不同。这体现了不同年龄段锻炼需求的侧重点差异，逻辑连贯。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人锻炼时都有自己的目标，他们遵循的计划需要满足这些目标。A. goals目标、目的；B. positions位置、立场；C. routines常规、惯例；D. schedules日程、安排。根据下文“the plan they follow needs to cater to those goals”可知，大多数人锻炼时都有自己的目标。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：个人偏好也起着作用，有些人喜欢团队或集体锻炼，而有些人则喜欢独自锻炼。A. experiences经历；B. opinions意见；C. preferences偏好；D. reasons原因。根据下文“as some people prefer exercising in a team or class, while others prefer solo workouts”可知，每个人的偏好也有所不同。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：锻炼间隔期间的活动量也会影响一个人的锻炼需求以及饮食量。A. durations持续时间、时长；B. intervals间隔、间隙；C. levels数量、程度；D. patterns模式、样式。根据小标题“In between exercise”可知，本段主题是锻炼空隙的活动。由此可推测，空处指的是锻炼间隙的活动量。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你的工作比较活跃，可能就不需要像久坐不动的人那么多的锻炼。A. active活跃的、积极的；B. boring无聊的、乏味的；C. decent体面的、得体的；D. demanding费力的、要求高的。根据下文“you might not need as much exercise as someone who is more sedentary (需要久坐的).”可推测，空处需填“sedentary”的反义词，即体现“活动量多的工作”，即活跃的工作。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使做同样的锻炼，每个人的恢复时间也不同。A. extra额外的、附加的；B. new新的、新鲜的；C. same相同的、一样的；D. tough艰难的、坚韧的。上文“Everyone has different recovery times”说每个人恢复的时间不同，而空前“even after doing”则加强了语气，说明锻炼时间一致，恢复时间仍有差异。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：包括动机、压力水平和心理健康在内的心理因素也会影响锻炼偏好和坚持度。A. education教育、培养；B. environment环境、周围状况；C. motivation动机、积极性；D. nutrition营养、滋养。根据空前“Psychological factors”以及空后“stress levels and mental health”可知，空处应该是影响锻炼偏好和坚持度的心理因素。“motivation(动机)”是典型的心理因素，符合逻辑。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：认识到并接纳这些差异对于制定有效且可持续的锻炼计划以满足个人需求至关重要。A. differences差异、不同；B. exceptions例外、除外；C. factors因素、要素；D. features特征、特点。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了人们锻炼需求存在的显著差异，建议读者认识并接纳这些差异。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A traffic jam when you’re already late. A free ride when you’ve already paid. The fact that the King James Bible is the most spotlighted book in the United States. One of these three things is an example of irony-the reversal of what is expected or intended. The other two are not. The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic(语言学的)misunderstanding you’re likely to encounter. “Ironic” does not, technically, mean “unfortunate”, “interesting” or “coincidental” despite these terms often being used interchangeably. And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists(语言学家); according to the editors “We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the English language.” So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from? Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary you use. There’s Socratic irony (an ancient dialogue move) , and dramatic irony(an ancient theatrical move), but the definition of irony we care about is situational irony. Situational irony occurs when, as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, “a state of affairs or an event... seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often slightly amusing as a result.” The trick, is the deliberately contrary part-for a situation to be ironic, it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence. A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence, but it is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late. Instead, College Humor writer Patrick Cassels corrects the situation like this: “A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the Municipal Planning Board for changing the city’s automobile congestion by 80 percent.” Now that’s irony. 36. The common misunderstanding of the word “ironic” is that_______. A. It describes something unlucky, amusing or coincidental B. It shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intended C. It means unfortunate, interesting and coincidental at the same time D. It is not the abused word in the English language 37. The underlined word “ambiguity” means_________. A. distinction B. understanding C. uncertainty D. issue 38. Which following situation can be described as “ironic” according to the above passage? A. John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before. B. Alexander Bell invented the telephone, but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distraction C. You had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people, when it started to rain. D. McDonalds’ employee warned against eating Kentucky Chicken burgers and fries. 39. What will be the best title for the passage? A. An Unexpected Traffic Jam B. The Most Misused Word in English C. Why Is the Word Irony Misused D. Curious Linguists Settled Another Misunderstanding 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. B 39. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个最长被误用的词“ironic”。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic(语言学的)misunderstanding you’re likely to encounter. “Ironic” does not, technically, mean “unfortunate”, “interesting” or “coincidental” despite these terms often being used interchangeably. 可知，ironic常被误解为不幸，有趣，或巧合，故选A。 【37题详解】 词义猜测题。根据下文的probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary you use. 可知，对ironic的定义并不确定，由此可推测出，ambiguity 的意思应为“不明确”和uncertainty同义，故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段牛津词典对ironic的定义as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, “a state of affairs or an event... seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often slightly amusing as a result. 可推测出，B“亚历山大·贝尔发明了电话，但由于担心分心，他拒绝把电话放在书房里”是一种ironic，故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在英语中最常被误用的一个词（ironic），因此用“The Most Misused Word in English”做题目最合适，故选B。 【点睛】主旨大意题是高考阅读理解常考四大题型之一，近几年的高考都考到该题型，透彻了解该题型且掌握其答题技巧十分必要。1.考法说明：考查对象分为三类：标题归纳、文章大意和段落大意。2.突破方法：①仔细审题，看好范围。搞清楚问的是某一段还是全文的中心思想。正确选项的特点是：一般不出现细节信息；不含过于肯定或绝对的词语。②使用略读，迅速将全段或全文浏览一遍。③特别注意全文或所问段落的首句和尾句，因为它们常常是主旨要义的体现。④作者的写作目的有三种：娱乐读者；说服读者接受某种观点；告知读者某些信息。考生应在理解全文的基础上领会作者的意图。⑤标题的选择要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主体是否有密切关系，概括性如何，避免三个错误：概括不够；过度概括；以事实或细节代替抽象概括的大意。根据文章的主要内容可知，主要介绍了对ironic这一词汇的误用，B项概括最全面，最适合做文章的标题。 （B） Professional sportspeople will go to extraordinary lengths to gain an edge over their opponents, But what really works? Cashew nuts Kelly Holmes, Britain’s double-Olympic gold medalist, said cashew nuts were her secrets weapon at the Athens Olympics. ‘Cashew nuts are my little secret,’ she said, adding that they helped to boost her powers of recovery so she was fully prepared for her next race. A 50g serving of cashew provides one-fifth of a woman’s daily iron requirements and around one-tenth of a man’s zinc needs. Expert Verdict: ‘All nuts are a rich source of dietary protein-- needed to enhance the recovery process of muscles after intense activity,’ says Jeanette Crosland, consultant dietician to the British Olympic Association. Fancy contact lenses Developed over eight years, the MaxSight contact lens is designed specifically to improve the sharpness of an athlete’s vision. The lenses are currently being tested by AC Milan players and use what the developers call ‘Light Architecture’ optics to filter specific wavelengths of light in order to ‘enhance key visual elements’--such as a ball--at the same time as reducing sun glare. Expert Verdict: ‘They could offer an advantage over normal lenses for sport by reducing the glare of light and sun,’ say Louise Sutton, principal lecturer in Health and Exercise Science at Leeds Metropolitan University. Nasal strips They look like sticking plasters and were developed to help people with health problems like excessive snoring, but in recent years Breathe Right nasal strips have gained in popularity among sportspeople who believe that they improve airflow through the nose and into the lungs. They can often be seen worn by professional footballers and other athletes. Expert Verdict: ‘During exercise when we begin breathing harder, the air coming in is predominantly supplied via the mouth,’ says Sutton,’ It may improve airflow through the nasal passage, but there is no evidence that it reaches the lungs and boots performance.’ Low oxygen tents Exposure to thin, mountain air has long been known to benefit competitors in endurance events like cycling and running because it helps the body to adapt to using oxygen more efficiently. Manufacturers have now developed low-oxygen tents to stimulate this effect Expert Verdict: Stephen Day, an exercise physiologist at Stafford Shire University, carried out tests on runners to see how effective sleeping in a low-oxygen tent can be, ‘We found that one athlete’s aerobic capacity improved by a massive 30% several months of sleeping in a low-oxygen tent,’ he says. during 40. The passage talks mainly about . A. the foods athletes eat to enhance their strength B. the approaches athletes take to improve their performance C. the ways in which experts try to help athletes do better in competitions D. the methods by which manufactures promote their products to athletes 41. The effects of ______ haven’t been proved scientifically. A. cashes nuts B. fancy contact lenses C. nasal strips D. low oxygen tents 42. Which of the following tools may help a marathon runner to a great extent? A. Cashew nuts and fancy contact lenses. B. Fancy contact lenses and nasal strips. C. Nasal strips and low oxygen tents. D. Low oxygen tents and cashew nuts. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四种运动员采用的用来提高自我表现的方法：吃腰果，戴隐形眼镜，使用通气鼻贴，睡低氧帐篷以及专家对此进行的裁决解读。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构，第一段Professional sportspeople will go to extraordinary lengths to gain an edge over their opponents, But what really works?点明主旨要分别阐述运动员采用的提升自我表现力的方式。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Nasal Strips 部分的Expert Verdict : It may improve airflow through the nasal passage, but there is no evidence that it reaches the lungs and boots performance.专家认为 它可能改善通过鼻道的气流，但没有证据表明它改善肺和靴子的性能。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Cashew nuts 部分专家观点‘All nuts are a rich source of dietary protein-- needed to enhance the recovery process of muscles after intense activity,’ says Jeanette Crosland, consultant dietician to the British Olympic Association. “所有的坚果都含有丰富的膳食蛋白质，这是增强肌肉在剧烈运动后恢复过程所必需的。以及Low Oxygen Tents 部分Exposure to thin, mountain air has long been known to benefit competitors in endurance events like cycling and running because it helps the body to adapt to using oxygen more efficiently. Manufacturers have now developed low-oxygen tents to stimulate this effect长期以来，在自行车和跑步等耐力项目中，暴露在稀薄的山间空气中有利于运动员，因为它有助于身体更有效地适应氧气的使用。制造商现在已经开发出低氧帐篷来刺激这种效果，可知，坚果和低氧帐篷都有利于马拉松运动员提高表现力。故选D项。 【点睛】主旨大意题—总分结构定中心。这中方法通常用于应用文居多。应用文通常在首段提出话题中心，以总分结构或总分总结构进行话题延展。文章第1小题： 1. The passage talks mainly about . A. the foods athletes eat to enhance their strength B. the approaches athletes take to improve their performance C. the ways in which experts try to help athletes do better in competitions D. the methods by which manufactures promote their products to athletes 本文属于应用文，首段句子为主旨中心段引出话题：Professional sportspeople will go to extraordinary lengths to gain an edge over their opponents, But what really works?，根据句意，可知选项B. the approaches athletes take to improve their performance正确。 (C) It's not an urban legend: crime rates do in fact rise in the summer in the U.S. A study found that, with the exception of robbery and auto theft, rates of all violent and property crimes are higher during the summer than during other months. The study examined data collected during 8 years, which included violent and property crimes that did not result in death, both reported and not reported to the police. The data show that, though the national crime rate dropped by 70 percent during recent years, seasonal spikes in summer remain. In some cases those spikes are 12 percent higher than rates during seasons in which the lows occur. The phenomenon confuses many criminologist and they wonder why. Some reason that increased temperatures, which drive many out of doors and leave windows open in their homes, raise the amount of time when homes are left empty. Others point to the effect of students on summer vacation who are otherwise occupied with schooling during other seasons, while some argue that suffering heat-induced discomfort simply makes people more aggressive and likely to act out. Although these elements possess certain persuasive power, their rationality is called into question when cases in winter are put on the map. Why aren’t the rates in winter falling if heat related factors are to blame for the summer spike? Contrarily, the matter should be viewed from social and economic angles rather than on solar terms. Numerous studies have shown that rates of criminal behavior among young adults drop when their communities provide them with other ways to spend their time and earn money. This was found to be true in Los Angeles, where gang activity was reduced when community centers for teens were thriving and active. And generally speaking, the connection between economic inequality and crime is robustly documented for the U.S. And why summer sees a worse situation? It’s probably because it’s even harder for youngsters to land jobs that provide for life necessities. So if officials want to address the summer spike in crime, they may act differently instead of aiming straight at crimes. Simply upgrading security and severely punishing offences almost produce void effects. Instead, be open to various options and they will find that development of job hunting agencies or community professional training centers are accompanying the drop of crime rate without seasonal exceptions. After all, bread always comes first for everyone. 43. What puzzles scholars studying crimes? A. The rates of robbery and auto theft are lower than other violent and property crimes in summer. B. The rates of crimes resulting in death are about the same in all seasons. C. The crime rates not reported to the police are much higher during summer. D. Crime rates in summer are higher than those of other seasons. 44. According to the author, what is the key reason for the seasonal spike of crime rates? A. Increased temperature left houses easier for attacks. B. The hot environment makes people more likely to be angered. C. Youngsters find it hard to release energies at school. D. People’s economic needs are not satisfied by the society. 45. What can be done to fight seasonal rise of crimes? A. Lengthen the school time to hold students in school during summer. B. Enhance the safety mechanism during the summer C. Take measures to encourage youth employment. D. Frighten would-be criminals through harsh punishments. 46. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Solar terms are responsible for the summer crime spike. B. Crime rates in summer fall by 58 percent in the U.S. C. LA criminal activities fall because of positive community programs. D. The crime rates in winter are low due to low mobility in the season. 【答案】43. D 44. D 45. C 46. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国夏季犯罪率飙升这一现象，并分析了原因和提出了解决措施。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“seasonal spikes in summer remain. In some cases those spikes are 12 percent higher than rates during seasons in which the lows occur.”可知，让研究犯罪的学者感到困惑的是夏季的犯罪率高于其他季节，故D项正确。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Contrarily, the matter should be viewed from social and economic angles rather than on solar terms.”可知，作者认为，应该从社会和经济的角度来看待而不是从太阳能的角度来看待犯罪率季节性飙升这个问题，由此可知，作者认为犯罪率季节性飙升的主要原因是社会不能满足人们的经济需要，故D项正确。 45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“And why summer sees a worse situation? It’s probably because it’s even harder for youngsters to land jobs that provide for life necessities.”可知，为什么夏天的情况会更糟？这可能是因为年轻人更难找到提供生活必需品的工作，因此采取措施鼓励青年就业可以打击犯罪的季节性增长，故C项正确。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Numerous studies have shown that rates of criminal behavior among young adults drop when their communities provide them with other ways to spend their time and earn money. This was found to be true in Los Angeles, where gang activity was reduced when community centers for teens were thriving and active.”可知，许多研究表明，当年轻人的社区为他们提供其他消磨时间和挣钱的方式时，他们的犯罪率就会下降，这在洛杉矶是事实，那里的帮派活动减少时，社区中心的青少年蓬勃发展和活跃，由此可知，洛杉矶犯罪活动的减少是因为积极的社区计划。故C选项正确。 【点睛】推理判断题的难度在于根据文章已知信息进行合乎逻辑的推断，切不可凭借主观臆断，例如本篇2题，第三段从天气方面介绍了人们认为的造成夏季犯罪率飙升的几个原因，但根据第四段中的“Contrarily, the matter should be viewed from social and economic angles rather than on solar terms.”可知，作者认为，应该从社会和经济的角度来看待这个问题，而不是从太阳能的角度来看待犯罪率季节性飙升这个问题，由此可知，作者认为犯罪率季节性飙升的主要原因是社会不能满足人们的经济需要，故D项正确。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Life on a Ship We three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway (舷梯) of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone. ___47___ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your head, you always look neat!” Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. ___48___ “Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door. Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!” ___49___ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water. Claudine became alarmed. “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Reine had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. ___50___ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us. A. Once Victor hid in a lifeboat for half an hour while we searched everywhere. B. His head was completely hairless, and he was obviously unsteady. C. He and Claudine made me feel at ease as soon as I met them. D. There were only two narrow twin beds in our cabin, each covered with dark blue sheets. E. He parted the curtain and looked out of the round window of the ship. F. He jumped out as we passed below him, scaring and delighting us at the same time. 【答案】47. B 48. C 49. E 50. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者和另外两个小伙伴登上名为“China Star”的船之后的所见所闻以及个人感受。 【47题详解】 前文是对管家外表的介绍：又高又瘦。根据下文中Victor说的话“One thing about having no hair at all on your head”可知，管家（the housekeeper）没有头发。故该句承接前文，依然要介绍管家的外貌，还要提到没头发这一点，故B选项切题。 【48题详解】 前文提到：尽管作者仍然感到有点紧张，但是听了Victor说的话之后，也情不自禁地哈哈大笑。这就是Victor对他人的影响力。该空承接前文，仍然要提到作者的同伴带给他的感受，故C选项切题：我一见到Victor和Claudine，他们就使我感到很舒服。 【49题详解】 前句提到Victor要让Claudine和作者看点东西。下句提到他们看到外面深而暗的水。那么该空就应该叙述Victor为了让他的同伴看到外面而做的举动，故E选项切题：他打开窗帘，向窗外看去。 【50题详解】 下一句提到因为我们有三个人，所以管家拿来一张床。那么，前句应该提到床的问题，故D选项切题：我们的小屋里只有两张窄的双人床，每一张都覆盖着深蓝色的床单。 第II卷 （共50分） III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless(鲁莽的)behavior often causes serious problems. In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days. Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security. The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers. However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission(佣金)they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes. While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper. To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Food delivery workers have a higher risk of getting involved in traffic accidents. The large demand for their service, the high pressure from employers and their strong desire to earn more commission lead to their reckless behavior. In some cities, measures like stricter road safety education and more severe punishment have been taken to solve this problem. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了送餐员发生交通事故的风险更高。对他们服务的巨大需求，来自雇主的巨大压力和赚取更多佣金的强烈愿望导致了他们的鲁莽行为。在一些城市，采取了更严格的道路安全教育和更严厉的惩罚措施来解决这个问题。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 信息技术是否改变了年轻一代对世界的认知方式？(perceive) (汉译英) 【答案】Has information technology changed the way the younger generation(s) perceive the world ? Has information technology changed how the younger generation(s) perceive the world? 【解析】 【详解】考查从句。此处为一般疑问句，主语为information technology，表示“改变”应用动词change，作谓语，陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，为现在完成时，助动词用has；“认知”表达为perceive，表示“年轻一代对世界的认知方式”翻译为the way the younger generation(s) perceive the world；the way 为先行词，关系代词为that/which或者省略，或用how引导宾语从句，翻译为how the younger generation(s) perceive the world。故翻译为Has information technology changed the way the younger generation(s) perceive the world ?/Has information technology changed how the younger generation(s) perceive the world? 53. 这个人口众多，幅员辽阔，物资丰富的国家给我留下了深刻的印象。（impress）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】I was deeply impressed by the country with a large population, a vast territory, and abundant/rich resources. 【解析】 【详解】考查被动语态、介词短语和名词短语。根据句意，该句描述过去某国给说话人留下的印象，使用一般过去时；主语“我”为I，位于句首，首字母需大写；谓语“给……留下深刻印象”译为impress…by…，与主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，impress的过去分词为impressed，所以谓语动词为was impressed，deeply为副词修饰过去分词；表示“这个人口众多，幅员辽阔，物资丰富的国家”中，“国家”为the country作by的宾语，表示“人口众多，幅员辽阔，物资丰富的”为介词短语作后置定语，可译为with a large population, a vast territory, and abundant/rich resources。故翻译为I was deeply impressed by the country with a large population, a vast territory, and abundant/rich resources. 54. 在新闻发布会上，发言人明确表示他发表的评论媒体不得断章取义，以免造成误解。(it) （汉译英） 【答案】At the press conference the spokesman/speaker made it clear that his comments should not be taken out of context by the media in order to avoid misunderstanding/so as not to cause misunderstanding/ in case of misunderstanding. OR: At the press conference, the spokesman/speaker made it clear that the media shouldn’t take his comments out of context in case of misunderstanding. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词和it作形式宾语。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；“在新闻发布会上”使用at the press conference，“发言人”使用the spokesman/speaker，“明确表示”使用make it clear that，it作形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语从句，“他发表的评论媒体不得断章取义”译为his comments should not be taken out of context by the media，“以免造成误解”译为in order to avoid misunderstanding/so as not to cause misunderstanding/ in case of misunderstanding。故翻译为At the press conference, the spokesman/speaker made it clear that his comments should not be taken out of context by the media in order to avoid misunderstanding/so as not to cause misunderstanding/ in case of misunderstanding. OR: At the press conference, the spokesman/speaker made it clear that the media shouldn’t take his comments out of context in case of misunderstanding. 55. 庆节庆祝活动的亮点是一场盛大的烟花秀，五彩缤纷的烟花照亮江边夜空，为数万观众带来无与伦比的视听盛宴 (highlight)。（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】The highlight of the National Day celebration was a grand fireworks show/display, with colorful fireworks lighting up the night sky by the river, bringing an unparalleled/unmatched audio-visual feast to tens of thousands of audience/viewers/spectators. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。主语“国庆节庆祝活动的亮点”可用the highlight of the National Day celebration表达，主语不可数，系动词用was，表语“一场盛大的烟花秀”可用a grand fireworks show/display表达，“五彩缤纷的烟花照亮江边夜空”可处理为with复合结构作状语，宾语“五彩缤纷的烟花”可用colorful fireworks表达，“照亮”用light up表达，和宾语为逻辑主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾补；light up的宾语“江边夜空”用the night sky by the river表达；“为数万观众带来无与伦比的视听盛宴”可处理为分词作状语，“给……带来无与伦比的视听盛宴”用bring an unparalleled/unmatched audio-visual feast to表达，bring和逻辑主语a grand fireworks show/display之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；宾语“数万观众”可用tens of thousands of audience/viewers/spectators表达。综上，故翻译为The highlight of the National Day celebration was a grand fireworks show/display, with colorful fireworks lighting up the night sky by the river, bringing an unparalleled/unmatched audio-visual feast to tens of thousands of audience/viewers/spectators. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你的外国朋友William一直对中国文化很感兴趣。近日，他在网上了解到有两个相关的线上节目（节目信息如下表所示），但他对节目选择有些茫然，想听听你的建议。请给William回复一封邮件，邮件内容须包括： （1）推荐其中一个节目； （2）通过比较两个节目的信息，说明你推荐该节目的理由。 节目名称 故宫里的国宝 Treasures of the Forbidden City 寻访中国美食 Exploring Chinese Cuisine 节目内容 介绍故宫里的国宝及其背后的故事 介绍中国传统美食及其烹饪方式 节目形式 纪录片 短视频 节目语言 英语解说 无字幕 (subtitles) 中文解说 英语字幕 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear William, Having learnt you are interested in Chinese culture and that you cannot decide whether to opt for the Treasures of the Forbidden City or the Exploring Chinese Cuisine, I am writing to put forward my own idea that the second option might be more suitable for you. The reasons behind the choice, as far as I can see, can be analyzed in three aspects. To begin with, as is universally acknowledged, delicious cuisine is always a popular topic around the whole world. In this programme, you will be introduced the process of making Chinese traditional food, which is also a part of the Chinese culture. In addition, it won't cost you much time since it is presented by short video, so that you can choose your time freely. Last but not least, although the programme is spoken in Chinese, there are English subtitles for you to have a full understanding of the content. To sum up, it is advisable that you choose the second one. Hope the above might be of any help to you. Thank you for your time and wish you a great success in learning about the Chinese culture. Yours, Zhao Lei 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国朋友William写一封邮件，给他提一些关于了解中国文化节目的选择建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：option→choice 总之：to sum up→in short 普遍地：universally→widely 有帮助：be of help→be helpful 2.句式拓展 改为复合句 原句：The reasons behind the choice, as far as I can see, can be analyzed in three aspects.  拓展句：The reasons why I made the choice can be analyzed in three aspects.  【点睛】【高分句型1】Having learnt you are interested in Chinese culture and that you cannot decide whether to opt for the Treasures of the Forbidden City or the Exploring Chinese Cuisine, I am writing to put forward my own idea that the second option might be more suitable for you.(运用了现在分词短语作状语和idea后that引导的同位语从句) 【高分句型2】To begin with, as is universally acknowledged, delicious cuisine is always a popular topic around the whole world.(运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市行知中学2025-2026学年第一学期第二次月考 高三年级英语试卷 第I卷 （共65分） I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods? Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a ____1____ (tasty) one as well. As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming ____2____ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while ____3____ may even become scarce within the next 30 years. Whether or not you try to limit yourself ____4____ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield. According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas ____5____ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue. With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, ____6____ (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons (鲑鱼) ____7____ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever ____8____ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters. And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It could be silenced ____9____ shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification. Even worse is the possibility _____10_____ we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. They’re still kids and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___11___ , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they___12___ the appearance of a new generation. The ___13___ between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___14___ the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___15___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguishthemselves as a new generation, which he hasgiven them the nickname of “ingeneration”. Rosen says portability is the key. They are___16___from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are ___17___ banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___18___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___19___ . “The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world ___20___ ,” Rosen says. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Why Do People’s Exercise Needs Vary so Much? Exercise needs vary among people due to a number of factors, including ... Genetic variability Genes play a big role in determining a person’s ____21____ to exercise. Genetic variations influence factors such as muscle fibre composition, metabolism (新陈代谢) and cardiovascular (心血管的) capacity. Some people may be ____22____ predisposed to endurance activities, while others may have a genetic make-up that favors strength exercises. Metabolic rate Metabolic rate varies between people due to genetic and physiological factors. Some people have a higher basal metabolic rate, meaning they burn calories faster while ____23____. This affects energy ____24____ during exercise and influences the type and intensity of exercise needed for weight management and fitness. Body composition Variations in body composition ____25____ how a person responds to exercise. Someone with a higher percentage of lean muscle mass may have different strength and endurance capabilities to someone with a higher percentage of body fat. ____26____ Exercise requirements ____27____ over the course of a person’s life. Children and adolescents may have different needs for growth and development compared to adults or older people ____28____ bone density and functional abilities. Personal goals Not everyone wants to get faster or be stronger. Most people have their own ____29____ when exercising and the plan they follow needs to cater to those goals. Personal _____30_____ also come into play, as some people prefer exercising in a team or class, while others prefer solo workouts. In between exercise Activity _____31_____ between workouts will also influence a person’s exercise needs and how much they eat. If you’re in a(n) _____32_____ job, for example, you might not need as much exercise as someone who is more sedentary (需要久坐的). Recovery is also important, as this is where the majority of your gains are made. Everyone has different recovery times, even after doing the _____33_____ workout. Psychological factors Psychological factors, including _____34_____, stress levels and mental health also affect exercise preferences and adherence (坚持). Recognizing and embracing these _____35_____ is vital for tailoring effective and sustainable exercise programmes that meet a person’s needs 21. A. attempt B. response C. tendency D. chance 22. A. especially B. naturally C. regularly D. typically 23. A. at rest B. at work C. being alone D. in groups 24. A. conservation B. efficiency C. expenditure D. intake 25. A. affect B. dominate C. monitor D. reflect 26. A. Age B. Diet C. Lifespan D. Size 27. A. change B. continue C. persist D. shrink 28. A. coping with B. focusing on C. relying on D. starting with 29. A. goals B. positions C. routines D. schedules 30 A. experiences B. opinions C. preferences D. reasons 31. A. durations B. intervals C. levels D. patterns 32. A. active B. boring C. decent D. demanding 33. A. extra B. new C. same D. tough 34. A. education B. environment C. motivation D. nutrition 35. A. differences B. exceptions C. factors D. features Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A traffic jam when you’re already late. A free ride when you’ve already paid. The fact that the King James Bible is the most spotlighted book in the United States. One of these three things is an example of irony-the reversal of what is expected or intended. The other two are not. The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic(语言学的)misunderstanding you’re likely to encounter. “Ironic” does not, technically, mean “unfortunate”, “interesting” or “coincidental” despite these terms often being used interchangeably. And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists(语言学家); according to the editors “We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the English language.” So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from? Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary you use. There’s Socratic irony (an ancient dialogue move) , and dramatic irony(an ancient theatrical move), but the definition of irony we care about is situational irony. Situational irony occurs when, as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, “a state of affairs or an event... seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often slightly amusing as a result.” The trick, is the deliberately contrary part-for a situation to be ironic, it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence. A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence, but it is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late. Instead, College Humor writer Patrick Cassels corrects the situation like this: “A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the Municipal Planning Board for changing the city’s automobile congestion by 80 percent.” Now that’s irony. 36. The common misunderstanding of the word “ironic” is that_______. A. It describes something unlucky, amusing or coincidental B. It shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intended C. It means unfortunate, interesting and coincidental at the same time D. It is not the abused word in the English language 37. The underlined word “ambiguity” means_________. A. distinction B. understanding C. uncertainty D. issue 38. Which following situation can be described as “ironic” according to the above passage? A. John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before. B. Alexander Bell invented the telephone, but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distraction C. You had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people, when it started to rain. D. McDonalds’ employee warned against eating Kentucky Chicken burgers and fries. 39. What will be the best title for the passage? A. An Unexpected Traffic Jam B. The Most Misused Word in English C. Why Is the Word Irony Misused D. Curious Linguists Settled Another Misunderstanding （B） Professional sportspeople will go to extraordinary lengths to gain an edge over their opponents, But what really works? Cashew nuts Kelly Holmes, Britain’s double-Olympic gold medalist, said cashew nuts were her secrets weapon at the Athens Olympics. ‘Cashew nuts are my little secret,’ she said, adding that they helped to boost her powers of recovery so she was fully prepared for her next race. A 50g serving of cashew provides one-fifth of a woman’s daily iron requirements and around one-tenth of a man’s zinc needs. Expert Verdict: ‘All nuts are a rich source of dietary protein-- needed to enhance the recovery process of muscles after intense activity,’ says Jeanette Crosland, consultant dietician to the British Olympic Association. Fancy contact lenses Developed over eight years, the MaxSight contact lens is designed specifically to improve the sharpness of an athlete’s vision. The lenses are currently being tested by AC Milan players and use what the developers call ‘Light Architecture’ optics to filter specific wavelengths of light in order to ‘enhance key visual elements’--such as a ball--at the same time as reducing sun glare. Expert Verdict: ‘They could offer an advantage over normal lenses for sport by reducing the glare of light and sun,’ say Louise Sutton, principal lecturer in Health and Exercise Science at Leeds Metropolitan University. Nasal strips They look like sticking plasters and were developed to help people with health problems like excessive snoring, but in recent years Breathe Right nasal strips have gained in popularity among sportspeople who believe that they improve airflow through the nose and into the lungs. They can often be seen worn by professional footballers and other athletes. Expert Verdict: ‘During exercise when we begin breathing harder, the air coming in is predominantly supplied via the mouth,’ says Sutton,’ It may improve airflow through the nasal passage, but there is no evidence that it reaches the lungs and boots performance.’ Low oxygen tents Exposure to thin, mountain air has long been known to benefit competitors in endurance events like cycling and running because it helps the body to adapt to using oxygen more efficiently. Manufacturers have now developed low-oxygen tents to stimulate this effect Expert Verdict: Stephen Day, an exercise physiologist at Stafford Shire University, carried out tests on runners to see how effective sleeping in a low-oxygen tent can be, ‘We found that one athlete’s aerobic capacity improved by a massive 30% several months of sleeping in a low-oxygen tent,’ he says. during 40. The passage talks mainly about . A. the foods athletes eat to enhance their strength B. the approaches athletes take to improve their performance C. the ways in which experts try to help athletes do better in competitions D. the methods by which manufactures promote their products to athletes 41. The effects of ______ haven’t been proved scientifically. A. cashes nuts B. fancy contact lenses C. nasal strips D. low oxygen tents 42. Which of the following tools may help a marathon runner to a great extent? A. Cashew nuts and fancy contact lenses. B. Fancy contact lenses and nasal strips. C. Nasal strips and low oxygen tents. D. Low oxygen tents and cashew nuts. (C) It's not an urban legend: crime rates do in fact rise in the summer in the U.S. A study found that, with the exception of robbery and auto theft, rates of all violent and property crimes are higher during the summer than during other months. The study examined data collected during 8 years, which included violent and property crimes that did not result in death, both reported and not reported to the police. The data show that, though the national crime rate dropped by 70 percent during recent years, seasonal spikes in summer remain. In some cases those spikes are 12 percent higher than rates during seasons in which the lows occur. The phenomenon confuses many criminologist and they wonder why. Some reason that increased temperatures, which drive many out of doors and leave windows open in their homes, raise the amount of time when homes are left empty. Others point to the effect of students on summer vacation who are otherwise occupied with schooling during other seasons, while some argue that suffering heat-induced discomfort simply makes people more aggressive and likely to act out. Although these elements possess certain persuasive power, their rationality is called into question when cases in winter are put on the map. Why aren’t the rates in winter falling if heat related factors are to blame for the summer spike? Contrarily, the matter should be viewed from social and economic angles rather than on solar terms. Numerous studies have shown that rates of criminal behavior among young adults drop when their communities provide them with other ways to spend their time and earn money. This was found to be true in Los Angeles, where gang activity was reduced when community centers for teens were thriving and active. And generally speaking, the connection between economic inequality and crime is robustly documented for the U.S. And why summer sees a worse situation? It’s probably because it’s even harder for youngsters to land jobs that provide for life necessities. So if officials want to address the summer spike in crime, they may act differently instead of aiming straight at crimes. Simply upgrading security and severely punishing offences almost produce void effects. Instead, be open to various options and they will find that development of job hunting agencies or community professional training centers are accompanying the drop of crime rate without seasonal exceptions. After all, bread always comes first for everyone. 43. What puzzles scholars studying crimes? A. The rates of robbery and auto theft are lower than other violent and property crimes in summer. B. The rates of crimes resulting in death are about the same in all seasons. C. The crime rates not reported to the police are much higher during summer. D Crime rates in summer are higher than those of other seasons. 44. According to the author, what is the key reason for the seasonal spike of crime rates? A. Increased temperature left houses easier for attacks. B. The hot environment makes people more likely to be angered. C. Youngsters find it hard to release energies at school. D. People’s economic needs are not satisfied by the society. 45. What can be done to fight seasonal rise of crimes? A. Lengthen the school time to hold students in school during summer. B. Enhance the safety mechanism during the summer C. Take measures to encourage youth employment. D. Frighten would-be criminals through harsh punishments. 46. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Solar terms are responsible for the summer crime spike. B. Crime rates in summer fall by 58 percent in the U.S. C. LA criminal activities fall because of positive community programs. D. The crime rates in winter are low due to low mobility in the season. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Life on a Ship We three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway (舷梯) of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone. ___47___ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your head, you always look neat!” Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. ___48___ “Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door. Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!” ___49___ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water. Claudine became alarmed. “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Reine had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. ___50___ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us. A. Once Victor hid in a lifeboat for half an hour while we searched everywhere. B. His head was completely hairless, and he was obviously unsteady. C. He and Claudine made me feel at ease as soon as I met them. D. There were only two narrow twin beds in our cabin, each covered with dark blue sheets. E. He parted the curtain and looked out of the round window of the ship. F. He jumped out as we passed below him, scaring and delighting us at the same time. 第II卷 （共50分） III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless(鲁莽的)behavior often causes serious problems. In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days. Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security. The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers. However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission(佣金)they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes. While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper. To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 信息技术是否改变了年轻一代对世界的认知方式？(perceive) (汉译英) 53. 这个人口众多，幅员辽阔，物资丰富的国家给我留下了深刻的印象。（impress）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 54. 在新闻发布会上，发言人明确表示他发表的评论媒体不得断章取义，以免造成误解。(it) （汉译英） 55. 庆节庆祝活动的亮点是一场盛大的烟花秀，五彩缤纷的烟花照亮江边夜空，为数万观众带来无与伦比的视听盛宴 (highlight)。（汉译英） _______________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你的外国朋友William一直对中国文化很感兴趣。近日，他在网上了解到有两个相关的线上节目（节目信息如下表所示），但他对节目选择有些茫然，想听听你的建议。请给William回复一封邮件，邮件内容须包括： （1）推荐其中一个节目； （2）通过比较两个节目信息，说明你推荐该节目的理由。 节目名称 故宫里的国宝 Treasures of the Forbidden City 寻访中国美食 Exploring Chinese Cuisine 节目内容 介绍故宫里的国宝及其背后的故事 介绍中国传统美食及其烹饪方式 节目形式 纪录片 短视频 节目语言 英语解说 无字幕 (subtitles) 中文解说 英语字幕 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $