精品解析：天津市第二十中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题

2025-2026学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科学情调研（一） 考试时间：110分钟；满分：150分 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 一、听力（20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What did the man think of the result of the game? A. Disappointing. B. Annoying. C. Pleasing. 2. Which line goes to Q Street? A. The Blue Line. B. The Red Line. C. The Yellow Line. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A dinner. B. A concert. C. A festival. 4. Where does the woman plan to hold her birthday party? A. At her house. B. On the beach. C. In a hall. 5. What does the man want to do? A. Jump the queue. B. Ask about time. C. Change the seat. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面3段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟；每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to hold a party. B. When to have a barbecue. C. Who to invite to the dinner. 7. Why does the man mention his brother? A. To suggest a place. B. To support his opinion. C. To encourage the woman. 8. What will the speakers do next? A. Call Emily. B. Buy some food C. Go to Peter’s house. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. What do we know about the spare room? A. It has small windows. B. It has bright lights. C. It has a garden view. 10. What is in the spare room? A. A mirror B. A study desk. C. A bedside table. 11. How much do the speakers decide to charge a week? A. £40. B. £50. C. £60. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12. When does the speaker suggest going to Zambia? A. In November. B. In July. C. In March. 13. How do visitors usually travel around Zambia? A. On foot. B. By plane. C. By car. 14. What animals did the speaker see surprisingly by the river? A. Lions. B. Elephants. C. Monkeys. 15. Who does the speaker think the hike is most suitable for? A. Children B. Young adults. C. Retired people. 二、单项选择（15分 15*1） 1. Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 2. The company hired a new CEO ______ innovative ideas have led to significant growth. A. that B. whose C. which D. who 3. With life ________ ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. A. being made up B. making up of C. being consisted of D. consisting of 4. This accident is a good example of how a company a public scandal can be turned into an opportunity to win customers’ trust. A. to involve B. involving C. involved in D. being involved in 5. It is the first time that more than one ancient painting ______ to the public outside the museum. A. are displayed B. has been displayed C. have been displayed D. is displayed 6. Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him_______. A. what is happened B. what happening C. what will happen D. what had happened 7. The archaeologists ______ in the ruins for months believe the artifacts they discovered last month ______ to the lost dynasty. A. worked; belong B. working; belong C. worked; belonged D. working; belonged 8. Those who are full of _______ always come up with fresh ideas. A. introduction B. innovation C. interaction D. intention 9. *After seeing an electrical outlet sparking, Deysi tried to ________ devices from nearby outlets, but then saw that a fire had already begun and spread to the furniture close by. A. unplug B. undo C. uncover D. unwind 10. This ________ weight loss was not just a number on the scale; it was a testament to his dedication and hard work. A. substantial B. prospective C. organic D. literal 11. — Why haven’t they agree with each other after a difficult discussion? — Because ______ side has plenty of reasons to stick to its thought A. both B. any C. either D. none 12. It might be years ________ we made possible the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition. A. since B. before C. that D. when 13. When we talk about banning mobile phones in school we should also look at the good side. In a word, we should not ________. A. kill two birds with one stone B. throw the baby out with the bathwater C. brave the elements D. have butterflies in our stomach 14. — May I use your laptop to send an urgent email? — ______. Go ahead, It’s on the desk. A. Don’t mention it B. By all means C. How come D. Never say never 15. At first, we wouldn’t let Jenny go surfing, but eventually we _______ as she was quite confident about it. A. turned in B. turned down C. gave away D. gave in 三、完形填空（30分 20*1.5） I’ve had the good fortune of spending a lot of time working in London over the years. I’m a typical American, ____16____ to making eye contact and smiling when speaking to others. But until I spent time abroad, I was never quite ____17____ of what my facial expressions could convey. In the UK, I ____18____ not everyone made as much eye contact on the street as I did. And it was ____19____ to hold eye contact during a business meeting. My ____20____ smile could be considered as flirtatious (轻浮的). But my British colleagues ____21____: I was American. This forward attitude was not ____22____, but it was just my culture. ____23____, being expressively cheerful among those who keep ____24____ closer to their vest (背心 ) was accepted in the UK. ______25______, in other countries a cultural misunderstanding of smiling can have serious results. While it’s unlikely that a mistimed smile will ______26______ you a contract (合同),______27______ interactions can make it much more difficult to build effective business relationships. Different cultures ______28______ smiling in different ways. In Russia, people do not smile because it ______29______ that you are at best foolish or at worst, sneaky (卑劣的). Even in family photos, adults ______30______ with stony faces. In Japan, smiling is a way to ______31______ your feeling that you don’t want others to know. Australians have smiling cultures. While they might not have the same ______32______ for giant white smiles as Americans, they smile more than our peers in Russia, Japan, Switzerland, and the UK. If Americans have to work abroad, my ______33______ is to make sure you do some research. It is ______34______ to be yourself, but you should also learn about the culture you are going to visit. This will help you communicate ______35______ and effectively with your peers. 16. A. limited B. devoted C. addicted D. accustomed 17. A. ashamed B. aware C. fond D. proud 18. A. admitted B. imagined C. discovered D. declared 19. A. special B. rare C. funny D. necessary 20. A. sweet B. artificial C. strange D. purposeful 21. A. expected B. analyzed C. predicted D. understood 22. A. friendly B. reliable C. traditional D. aggressive 23. A. Regretfully B. Luckily C. Eventually D. Frequently 24. A. sympathy B. attention C. feelings D. promises 25. A. However B. Instead C. Thus D. Otherwise 26. A. cost B. win C. save D. afford 27. A. brief B. vague C. awkward D. illegal 28. A. greet B. fancy C. explain D. avoid 29. A. indicates B. happens C. matters D. proves 30 A. appear B. leave C. hesitate D. observe 31. A. stress B. hide C. share D. assess 32. A. desire B. gift C. reason D. reputation 33. A. chance B. task C. challenge D. advice 34. A. possible B. practical C. important D. simple 35. A. secretly B. sensitively C. gratefully D. temporarily 四、阅读理解 （50分20﹡2.5） A Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. I. Stockpiling food and drink ● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. II. Emergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don’t take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: — First aid materials, personal medication — Sleeping bag or blanket — Hygiene products for a couple of days III. Electric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas. IV. Keep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. V. About us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 36. The brochure is provided in order to _________. A. inform people about recent disasters B provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C. encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D. promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance 37. Which of the following descriptions about the rucksack is incorrect? A. It can conveniently hold the supplies each family member needs for a few days outside. B. It is less practical than a suitcase in emergency situations. C. It has an advantage that allows people to keep both hands free. D. It is used to hold emergency items like first aid materials and sleeping bags. 38. What does the underlined word “indefinitely” probably mean? A. permanently. B. briefly. C. carefully. D. suddenly. 39. What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A. A laptop. B. A television. C. A mobile phone. D. A battery-powered radio. 40. The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _________. A. a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B. a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C. an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D. a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany B When my daughter Abigail got her learner’s permit a few months ago, I was appreciative of those drivers who saw a nervous teenager behind the wheel and treated her with patience as we drove around our neighborhood and the country roads close by. Her first travels around our part of the Southern End were rather slow (cars piled up behind us). So thank you, nice people. But I want to single out other drivers for my appreciation. I will call you “friends”. But no kidding, I sincerely want to thank you “friends”, because you have taught my daughter not to take anything for granted on the roads. You deserve the credit for making her a defensive driver. I warned her about “friends” like you, but your actions speak much louder than my words. She’s watched you go through red lights and stop signs, turn without signaling, fail to yield at the crossroads, or hesitate at a stop sign and then pull out into her path at the last millisecond. I especially appreciated the “friend” who pulled up beside us the other night at a stop sign on a two-way road and took off quickly as Abigail just started to make her move. “What was that!” Abigail shouted. “That’s a ‘friend’!” I yelled. And then there are those of you who find a slow-moving vehicle (farm machinery down our way) in your lane and swing out into the opposite lane to pass, oblivious of vehicles coming in the opposite direction. My daughter has learned that a tractor coming her way means there might be an impatient “friend” hiding, ready to cross into her lane. That’s an invaluable lesson. Thanks. And thank you to all the walkers, adults and children, who appear from between cars. “Be ready to stop” is a lesson that you have taught my daughter well. At the same time, I have taught her the rules for yielding to walkers. Teaching a teen to be a defensive driver isn’t easy. I want you to know that I couldn’t have done it without you, my “friends”. 41. The people mentioned in the first two paragraphs were . A. tolerant B. strict C. cautious D. slow 42. According to the passage, the author’s daughter . A. has made a lot of friends after she got her learner’s permit. B. often turns without signaling and hesitates at a stop sign. C. has learned to be careful of drivers who break the rules. D. has become an experienced driver in a few months. 43. What is the author’s attitude towards the drivers whom he calls “friends”? A. Grateful B. Indifferent C. Sympathetic D. Annoyed 44. The underlined word “yield” in Paragraph 6 means . A. make way for you B. give up hope C. shout at you D. produce crops 45. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To express his thanks to his friends. B. To warn people to obey traffic rules. C. To advise teens to be careful when driving. D. To explain to teens how to be a good driver. C This is an approach to quality improvement based on the statistical work of Joseph Juran, one of two American pioneers of quality management. Sigma is a Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation (标准差), a statistical measure of the extent to which a series of numbers or readings deviates from its average. One Sigma indicates a wide scattering (分散) of the readings. If the average is the required quality standard of a particular process or product, then One Sigma quality is not very good. The higher the number, the closer the readings come to total perfection. At the Six Sigma level, there are only 3.4 defects (缺陷) per million. This may sound complicated, but in practice it has proved a popular way for managers to put quality management into effect. One of its great advantages is that it avoids the idea of aiming for “zero defects”, or total perfection--a frighteningly inaccessible goal for most. It presents a system for improving quality gradually. Companies or operational groups move step-by-step up the Sigma ladder, the ultimate goal being to reach the Six Sigma state--still just short of perfection. Reasonably unsophisticated computer programs do the necessary calculations when fed with data on the goals (the specifications of the perfect product or process) and the organization’s actual achievements. Six Sigma sounds like some sort of secret coven (集会). Its advocates insist that it is no such thing. But it has certain symbols of the exclusive society. Anyone in an organization who goes on a basic training course for a Six Sigma program is called a Green Belt. Anyone who is given the full-time job of leading a team that is starting on a Six Sigma exercise is given further training and is called a Black Belt. Beyond this, there are a special few who are trained even more, and they are called Master Black Belts. Their role is to champion the exercise throughout the organization and to watch over the Black Belts and ensure that they are consistently improving the quality of their team’s output. Pioneered in the United States by Motorola in the 1980s, Six Sigma became hugely popular in the 1990s after Jack Welch adopted it at General Electric. To achieve Six Sigma quality at GE, a process must produce no more than 3.4 defects per million “opportunities”. An opportunity is defined as “a chance for non-conformance, or not meeting the required specifications”. The company says: “Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE. It is now the way we work--in everything we do and in every product we design”. 46. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that ________. A. Joseph Juran came up with Six Sigma based on his statistical work. B. Six Sigma is an approach to improving quality to total perfection. C. mathematicians and statistical experts master Six Sigma best. D. Six Sigma quality is relatively better than Four Sigma quality 47. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that Six Sigma ________. A. pursues not total perfection but a gradual process of quality enhancement B. indicates the quality of the product or process is closest to total perfection C. is more a mathematical and statistical measure than a managerial method D. is not only a mean approach but also a complex and inaccessible goal 48. People regard Six Sigma as a kind of secret coven in that it ________. A. is a secret and mysterious organization B. does not grant membership to outsiders C. has some features of a secret society D. has a rigid but orderly training system 49. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________. A. the Green Bolts B. the Black Belts C. the Master Black Belts D. the team leaders 50. By saying “Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE”, the company most probably means Six Sigma ________. A. has transformed the operation mode of GE B. has enabled GE to improve its quality C. has earned huge popularity for GE D. has reformed the structure and organization of GE D Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the common pracice. According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents. Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child doctor, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into Western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement parallel to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years, to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities. In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the Western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This sudden shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to mothers’ exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,” they wrote. By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child’s care. One previous study looked at the Efe people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old, and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour. Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts sharply to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three. While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that Western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development.” 51. According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of ________. A. having childcare among community members. B. assigning babies to specific adult caregivers. C. teaching parenting skills to older children. D. carrying infants around by their parents. 52. The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate ________. A. an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication. B. an approach to integrating alloparenting into Western society. C. the conventional parenting style in Western culture. D. the differences between Western and African ways of living. 53. According to Paragraph 4, what impact does the “intensive mothering narrative” have? A. It reduces parenting pressure. B. It enhances family relationships. C. It results in the child-centered family. D. It departs from the course of evolution. 54. According to Paragraph 6, what can we learn about the nurseries in the UK? A. They tend to fall short of official requirements. B. They have difficulty finding good caregivers. C. They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio. D. They should try to prevent parental depression. 55. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Instructive Teaching: A Plan for Anxious Parents. B. For a Happier Family, Learn from the Hunter-gatherers. C. Mixed-age Playgroup, a Better Choice for Lonely Children. D. Tracing the History of Parenting: from Africa to Europe. 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 五、阅读表达（10分5*2） 【1】There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. 【2】Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. 【3】Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just forsake. 【4】But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. 【5】And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. 【6】Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 56. What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 57. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. (no more than 25 words) > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? (no more than 3 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59. How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 60. How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达（25分） 61. 假定你是李华，你所在的兴趣小组对中学生使用“搜题软件”的情况进行了调查研究。请为校英文报写一篇文章，内容包括： 1. 简要描述调查结果； 2. 分析不同使用目的； 3. 你对“搜题软件”的看法及理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为100个以上； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Students’ Use of Homework-Help Apps ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科学情调研（一） 考试时间：110分钟；满分：150分 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 一、听力（20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What did the man think of the result of the game? A. Disappointing. B. Annoying. C. Pleasing. 2 Which line goes to Q Street? A. The Blue Line. B. The Red Line. C. The Yellow Line. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A dinner. B. A concert. C. A festival. 4. Where does the woman plan to hold her birthday party? A. At her house. B. On the beach. C. In a hall. 5. What does the man want to do? A. Jump the queue. B. Ask about time. C. Change the seat. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面3段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟；每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to hold a party. B. When to have a barbecue. C. Who to invite to the dinner. 7. Why does the man mention his brother? A. To suggest a place. B. To support his opinion. C. To encourage the woman. 8. What will the speakers do next? A. Call Emily. B. Buy some food C. Go to Peter’s house. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. What do we know about the spare room? A. It has small windows. B. It has bright lights. C. It has a garden view. 10. What is in the spare room? A A mirror B. A study desk. C. A bedside table. 11. How much do the speakers decide to charge a week? A. £40. B. £50. C. £60. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12. When does the speaker suggest going to Zambia? A. In November. B. In July. C. In March. 13. How do visitors usually travel around Zambia? A. On foot. B. By plane. C. By car. 14. What animals did the speaker see surprisingly by the river? A. Lions. B. Elephants. C. Monkeys. 15. Who does the speaker think the hike is most suitable for? A. Children B. Young adults. C. Retired people. 二、单项选择（15分 15*1） 1. Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：憎恨和愤怒只会发生在我们深切关心的人身上。care for“关心”。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作for的宾语，应用介词for+whom引导。故选C。 2. The company hired a new CEO ______ innovative ideas have led to significant growth. A. that B. whose C. which D. who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司聘请了一位新CEO，其创新理念带来了显著的增长。分析句子结构，空格后为定语从句修饰先行词CEO，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰ideas，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导。故选B。 3. With life ________ ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. A. being made up B. making up of C. being consisted of D. consisting of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：生活充满起起落落，要始终保持积极热情的态度并非易事。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，作状语；consist of表示“由……组成”，无被动语态，宾语life与consist of之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式consisting of作宾语补足语；“由……组成”也可表达为be made up of，作宾语补足语，用过去分词made up of。故选D项。 4. This accident is a good example of how a company a public scandal can be turned into an opportunity to win customers’ trust. A. to involve B. involving C. involved in D. being involved in 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这次事故是一个很好的例子，说明了一家卷入公共丑闻的公司如何能将（丑闻）转化为赢得客户信任的机会。此空考查非谓语，be involved in“卷入”是固定短语，此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语。故选C项。 5. It is the first time that more than one ancient painting ______ to the public outside the museum. A. are displayed B. has been displayed C. have been displayed D. is displayed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是首次在博物馆外向公众展出多幅古画。句中使用固定句型“It is the first time that...”，that引导的从句需用现在完成时；主语“more than one ancient painting”与“display”是被动关系，所以此处为现在完成时的被动语态，more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以谓语动词为has been displayed。故选B项。 6. Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him_______. A. what is happened B. what happening C. what will happen D. what had happened 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句的时态。句意：看到约翰眼里含着泪冲进房间，我问他发生了什么事。空格处为宾语从句，作asked的宾语，主句的谓语动词asked是一般过去时，宾语从句的动作“发生”是在“询问”之前已经完成的动作，需用过去完成时，谓语动词为“had+过去分词”，来体现动作的先后关系，因此“what had happened”符合语境和时态要求。故选D项。 7. The archaeologists ______ in the ruins for months believe the artifacts they discovered last month ______ to the lost dynasty. A. worked; belong B. working; belong C. worked; belonged D. working; belonged 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：那些在遗址工作了数月的考古学家认为，他们上个月发现的文物属于那个失落的王朝。第一空是非谓语，作archaeologists的后置定语，work“工作”和archaeologists逻辑上是主动关系，因此用work的现在分词形式；第二空作宾语从句的谓语，they discovered last month是修饰the artifacts的定语从句，主句谓语动词believe为一般现在时，从句应保持时态一致，陈述现在仍然有效的事实。故选B。 8. Those who are full of _______ always come up with fresh ideas. A. introduction B. innovation C. interaction D. intention 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些充满创新的人总是能想出新鲜的想法。A. introduction介绍；B. innovation创新；C. interaction互动；D. intention意图。根据“come up with fresh ideas”可知，此处指“充满创新的人”，B选项符合句意。故选B。 9. *After seeing an electrical outlet sparking, Deysi tried to ________ devices from nearby outlets, but then saw that a fire had already begun and spread to the furniture close by. A. unplug B. undo C. uncover D. unwind 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：德伊西看到电源插座冒火花后，试图拔掉附近插座上的电器，但随即发现火势已经蔓延到了旁边的家具。A. unplug拔掉插头；B. undo解开，取消；C. uncover揭开覆盖物；D. unwind解开缠绕。根据“After seeing an electrical outlet sparking”可知，unplug“拔掉插头”符合题意，符合看到电源插座冒火花后的应急反应，表示“试图拔掉附近插座上的电器”。故选A。 10. This ________ weight loss was not just a number on the scale; it was a testament to his dedication and hard work. A. substantial B. prospective C. organic D. literal 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这显著的体重下降不仅仅是体重秤上的一个数字，更是他奉献精神和辛勤工作的证明。A. substantial显著的，大量的；B. prospective预期的；C. organic有机的；D. literal字面上的。根据句中“weight loss”及“not just a number on the scale; it was a testament to his dedication and hard work”可知，他的奉献和辛勤工作让他体重显著的下降。所以此处用substantial“显著的”，符合语境。故选A。 11. — Why haven’t they agree with each other after a difficult discussion? — Because ______ side has plenty of reasons to stick to its thought. A. both B. any C. either D. none 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：——经过一场艰难的讨论后，他们为什么还没有达成一致意见？——因为任何一方都有充足的理由坚持自己的想法。A. both两者都；B. any任何；C. either（两者中的）任何一个；D. none没有一个。从语境看，这里讨论的是双方，“either side”表示“（两者中的）任何一方”，符合“双方都有理由坚持想法，所以没达成一致”的语义，后接可数名词单数，用either修饰。故选C项。 12. It might be years ________ we made possible the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition. A. since B. before C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和时间状语从句。句意：我们可能需要多年时间才能开发出真正具备类人认知能力的人工智能系统。分析句子可知，It+be+时间+before...是固定句型，意为“……之后才”，before引导时间状语从句。故选B项。 13. When we talk about banning mobile phones in school, we should also look at the good side. In a word, we should not ________. A. kill two birds with one stone B. throw the baby out with the bathwater C. brave the elements D. have butterflies in our stomach 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查习语辨析。句意：当我们谈论禁止在学校使用手机时，我们也应该看到好的一面。总之，我们不能不分精华糟粕全盘否定。A. kill two birds with one stone一箭双雕；B. throw the baby out with the bathwater分精华糟粕全盘否定；C. brave the elements不畏严寒；D. have butterflies in our stomach心里感到紧张。根据该句“When we talk about banning mobile phones in school, we should also look at the good side.”可知，对于学生使用手机，不能全盘否定，因此空格处意为“不分精华糟粕全盘否定”。故选B项。 14. — May I use your laptop to send an urgent email? — ______. Go ahead, It’s on the desk. A. Don’t mention it B. By all means C. How come D. Never say never 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—— 我能用一下你的笔记本电脑发一封紧急邮件吗？—— 当然可以。用吧，它在桌子上。A. Don’t mention it 不客气（用于回应感谢）；B. By all means 当然可以（用于同意请求）；C. How come 怎么会（用于询问原因）；D. Never say never 别轻易说不可能（用于鼓励）。根据答语“Go ahead, It’s on the desk(用吧，它在桌子上)”可知，对方同意了请求，“By all means”符合语境，故选 B。 15. At first, we wouldn’t let Jenny go surfing, but eventually we _______ as she was quite confident about it. A. turned in B. turned down C. gave away D. gave in 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：起初我们不让珍妮去冲浪，但最终我们让步了，因为她对此很有信心。A. turned in上交；B. turned down拒绝；C. gave away赠送，泄露；D. gave in让步，屈服。根据“At first we wouldn’t let Jenny go surfing”以及“as she was quite confident about it”可知，一开始我们不同意珍妮去冲浪，但是后来因为她很有信心，我们最终改变了态度，选择了让步。因此，用动词短语give in来表示我们的行为是最合适的。故选D项。 三、完形填空（30分 20*1.5） I’ve had the good fortune of spending a lot of time working in London over the years. I’m a typical American, ____16____ to making eye contact and smiling when speaking to others. But until I spent time abroad, I was never quite ____17____ of what my facial expressions could convey. In the UK, I ____18____ not everyone made as much eye contact on the street as I did. And it was ____19____ to hold eye contact during a business meeting. My ____20____ smile could be considered as flirtatious (轻浮的). But my British colleagues ____21____: I was American. This forward attitude was not ____22____, but it was just my culture. ____23____, being expressively cheerful among those who keep ____24____ closer to their vest (背心 ) was accepted in the UK. ______25______, in other countries a cultural misunderstanding of smiling can have serious results. While it’s unlikely that a mistimed smile will ______26______ you a contract (合同),______27______ interactions can make it much more difficult to build effective business relationships. Different cultures ______28______ smiling in different ways. In Russia, people do not smile because it ______29______ that you are at best foolish or at worst, sneaky (卑劣的). Even in family photos, adults ______30______ with stony faces. In Japan, smiling is a way to ______31______ your feeling that you don’t want others to know. Australians have smiling cultures. While they might not have the same ______32______ for giant white smiles as Americans, they smile more than our peers in Russia, Japan, Switzerland, and the UK. If Americans have to work abroad, my ______33______ is to make sure you do some research. It is ______34______ to be yourself, but you should also learn about the culture you are going to visit. This will help you communicate ______35______ and effectively with your peers. 16. A. limited B. devoted C. addicted D. accustomed 17. A. ashamed B. aware C. fond D. proud 18. A. admitted B. imagined C. discovered D. declared 19. A. special B. rare C. funny D. necessary 20. A. sweet B. artificial C. strange D. purposeful 21. A. expected B. analyzed C. predicted D. understood 22. A. friendly B. reliable C. traditional D. aggressive 23. A. Regretfully B. Luckily C. Eventually D. Frequently 24. A. sympathy B. attention C. feelings D. promises 25. A. However B. Instead C. Thus D. Otherwise 26. A. cost B. win C. save D. afford 27. A. brief B. vague C. awkward D. illegal 28. A. greet B. fancy C. explain D. avoid 29. A. indicates B. happens C. matters D. proves 30. A. appear B. leave C. hesitate D. observe 31. A. stress B. hide C. share D. assess 32. A. desire B. gift C. reason D. reputation 33. A. chance B. task C. challenge D. advice 34. A. possible B. practical C. important D. simple 35. A. secretly B. sensitively C. gratefully D. temporarily 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自身的经历与感受，介绍了微笑和眼神交流在不同国家和文化中的不同含义。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我是一个典型的美国人，习惯在和别人说话时进行眼神交流和微笑。A. limited有限的；B. devoted奉献的；C. addicted上瘾的；D. accustomed习惯的。根据上文“I’m a typical American(我是一个典型的美国人)”以及美国人与人说话时喜欢进行眼神交流可知，此处表示“习惯进行眼神交流和微笑”。故选D项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但直到我在国外度过一段时间，我才真正意识到我的面部表情能传达什么。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. aware意识到的；C. fond喜爱的；D. proud自豪的。根据下文“In the UK, I ____3____ not everyone made as much eye contact on the street as I did.(在英国，我发现并不是每个人在街上都像我一样多地进行眼神交流)”可知，我在英国的生活让我意识到眼神交流会传达不同含义。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在英国，我发现并不是每个人在街上都像我一样多地进行眼神交流。A. admitted承认；B. imagined想象；C. discovered发现；D. declared宣布。根据上文“But until I spent time abroad, I was never quite ____2____ of what my facial expressions could convey.(但直到我在国外度过一段时间，我才真正意识到我的面部表情能传达什么)”可知，作者意识到面部表情在不同国家有不同含义，所以此处指作者在英国发现了眼神交流的不同。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在商务会议上很少有眼神交流。A. special特别的；B. rare少见的；C. funny有趣的；D. necessary必要的。根据上文“not everyone made as much eye contact (不是每个人都有那么多的眼神交流)”可知，此处表示“眼神交流很少”。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我甜美的微笑被认为是轻浮的。A. sweet甜的；B. artificial人工的；C. strange陌生的；D. purposeful故意的。根据上文“I’m a typical American, ____1____ to making eye contact and smiling when speaking to others. (我是一个典型的美国人，习惯在和别人说话时进行眼神交流和微笑)”可知，作者作为美国人，对别人微笑是他们的习惯，这种微笑也是习惯性的发自内心的甜美微笑。故选A项。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我的英国同事明白：我是美国人。A. expected期待；B. analyzed分析；C. predicted预测；D. understood明白。根据上文“But my British colleagues(但我的英国同事)”可知，我的同事知道我是美国人，了解我好微笑的习惯，此处表示作为同事他们是明白我的。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种积极的态度并不是展示友好，但这就是我的文化。A. friendly友好的；B. reliable可靠的；C. traditional传统的；D. aggressive好斗的。根据下文“but it was just my culture(但这就是我的文化)”可知，微笑是作者国家的一种文化习惯，并不是用来展示友好。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在英国，那些对自己的感情比较保守的人表达快乐是被接受的。A. Regretfully遗憾地；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Eventually最后；D. Frequently频繁地。根据上文“smile could be considered as flirtatious(微笑被认为是轻浮的)”以及下文“was accepted in the UK(在英国是被接受的)”可知，此处表示“在英国表达出快乐能够被接受是一种幸运”。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在英国，那些对自己的感情比较保守的人表达快乐是被接受的。A. sympathy同情；B. attention注意；C. feelings感觉；D. promises承诺。根据下文“closer to their vest(做事小心谨慎)”可知，此处表示那些“隐藏自己感情的英国人”。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在其他国家，对微笑的文化误解可能会产生严重的后果。A. However然而；B. Instead代替；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“being expressively cheerful among those was accepted in the UK.(在英国，表现出快乐是被接受的)”及下文“in other countries a cultural misunderstanding of smiling can have serious results.(在其他国家，对微笑的文化误解可能会产生严重的后果)”可知，上下文是转折关系。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然一个不合时宜的微笑不太可能让你失去一份合同，但含糊不清的互动会让你更难建立有效的商业关系。A. cost使损失；B. win获胜；C. save节省；D. afford买得起。根据上文“a cultural misunderstanding of smiling can have serious results. (对微笑的文化误解可能会产生严重的后果)”可知，其严重后果有可能会使你损失一份合同。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然一个不合时宜的微笑不太可能让你失去一份合同，但含糊不清的互动会让你更难建立有效的商业关系。A. brief短暂的；B. vague模糊的；C. awkward令人尴尬的；D. illegal非法的。根据上文“a cultural misunderstanding of smiling can have serious results. (对微笑的文化误解可能会产生严重的后果)”可知，此处指误解微笑文化的具体表现，即会产生一些含糊不清的互动，则就导致了很难建立有效的商业关系这一严重后果。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不同的文化用不同的方式解释微笑。A. greet问候；B. fancy想要；C. explain解释；D. avoid避免。根据下文“In Russia, people do not smile because(在俄罗斯，人们不微笑是因为)”和“In Japan, smiling is a way(在日本，微笑是一种方式)”可知，下文对各国文化中微笑的含义进行了解释。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在俄罗斯，人们不笑，因为这表明你最好的情况是愚蠢，最坏的情况是卑鄙。A. indicates表明；B. happens发生；C. matters要紧；D. proves证明。根据上文“people do not smile because it(人们不笑，因为这)”可知，此处在解释不笑地原因，表示“这表明”。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是在家庭照片中，成年人也会面无表情。A. appear呈现；B. leave离开；C. hesitate犹豫；D. observe注意到。根据上文“people do not smile(人们不笑)”以及下文“with stony faces(冰冷的面庞)”可知，此处表示面部没有呈现出表情，面无表情。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在日本，微笑是一种隐藏你不想让别人知道的感觉的方式。A. stress强调；B. hide隐藏；C. share分享；D. assess评价。根据下文“your feeling you don’t want others to know(你不想让别人知道的感觉)”可知，此处表示要隐藏自己的这种感觉。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们可能没有和美国人一样的原因，但他们比俄罗斯、日本、瑞士和英国的同龄人笑得更多。A. desire渴望；B. gift礼物；C. reason原因；D. reputation名誉。根据下文“as Americans(像美国人那样)”可知，此处表示“和美国人一样爱笑的原因”。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果美国人必须在国外工作，我的建议是一定要做一些调查。A. chance机会；B. task任务；C. challenge挑战；D. advice建议。根据下文“but you should also learn about the culture(但你也应该了解其文化)”可知，作者在此处提出自己的建议。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：做你自己很重要，但你也应该了解你要访问的文化。A. possible可能的；B. practical实践的；C. important重要的；D. simple简单的。根据下文“to be yourself, but you should also learn about the culture you are going to visit. (做你自己，但你也应该了解你要访问的文化)”以及转折词but可知，此处表示“作自己和了解将要访问的文化都是应该作的事情，是同等重要的”。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这将帮助你与同事敏感而有效地进行沟通。A. secretly秘密地；B. sensitively敏感地；C. gratefully感激地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据下文“and effectively with your peers(有效地与你的同事沟通)”可知，此处与“有效地”表并列，“有效且敏感地进行沟通”。故选B项。 四、阅读理解 （50分20﹡2.5） A Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. I. Stockpiling food and drink ● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. II. Emergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don’t take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: — First aid materials, personal medication — Sleeping bag or blanket — Hygiene products for a couple of days III. Electric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas. IV. Keep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. V. About us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 36. The brochure is provided in order to _________. A. inform people about recent disasters B. provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C. encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D. promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance 37. Which of the following descriptions about the rucksack is incorrect? A. It can conveniently hold the supplies each family member needs for a few days outside. B. It is less practical than a suitcase in emergency situations. C. It has an advantage that allows people to keep both hands free. D. It is used to hold emergency items like first aid materials and sleeping bags. 38. What does the underlined word “indefinitely” probably mean? A. permanently. B. briefly. C. carefully. D. suddenly. 39. What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A. A laptop. B. A television. C. A mobile phone. D. A battery-powered radio. 40. The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _________. A. a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B. a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C. an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D. a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一份关于如何在灾难中做好个人准备的宣传手册，内容涵盖了储备食物和饮水、准备应急包、应对停电、紧急情况下的信息获取以及相关机构的介绍。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan.(这不仅包括长期影响大面积地区的重大灾害。一场严重的风暴、电力故障或房屋火灾都可能给个人带来灾难。这本小册子旨在帮助你制定个人应急准备计划)”可知，这本小册子提供了一些在灾难中生存的建议。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据II. Emergency pack部分中“A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free.(帆布背包比手提箱更实用，因为它可以让你双手自由)”可知，在紧急情况下，帆布背包比手提箱更实用。故B项关于背包的描述“It is less practical than a suitcase in emergency situations.(在紧急情况下，它不如手提箱实用)”有误。故选B项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据III. Electric power breakdown部分中“Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them.(记住电池不会indefinitely使用。定期用完电池并更换它们)”可知，电池需要定期更换，说明它们不能永远一直使用。由此可推测，划线单词indefinitely意为“永久地”，与A项“permanently”意思一致。故选A项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据IV. Keep up-to-date in an emergency部分中“However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device.(然而，电视和互联网只有在有电的情况下才能工作，而电可能会中断。这就只剩下收音机作为主要的警告设备了)”可知，在灾难中，建议使用电池供电的收音机接收警告。故选D项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据V. About us部分中“The Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help.(联邦公民保护和灾害援助办公室(BBK)成立于2004年，是德国公民安全的核心组织单位。BBK是您应急准备和自助的可靠合作伙伴)”可知，联邦公民保护和灾害援助办公室是德国的一个政府机构，负责为人们应对紧急情况做好准备。故D项正确。故选D项。 B When my daughter Abigail got her learner’s permit a few months ago, I was appreciative of those drivers who saw a nervous teenager behind the wheel and treated her with patience as we drove around our neighborhood and the country roads close by. Her first travels around our part of the Southern End were rather slow (cars piled up behind us). So thank you, nice people. But I want to single out other drivers for my appreciation. I will call you “friends”. But no kidding, I sincerely want to thank you “friends”, because you have taught my daughter not to take anything for granted on the roads. You deserve the credit for making her a defensive driver. I warned her about “friends” like you, but your actions speak much louder than my words. She’s watched you go through red lights and stop signs, turn without signaling, fail to yield at the crossroads, or hesitate at a stop sign and then pull out into her path at the last millisecond. I especially appreciated the “friend” who pulled up beside us the other night at a stop sign on a two-way road and took off quickly as Abigail just started to make her move. “What was that!” Abigail shouted. “That’s a ‘friend’!” I yelled. And then there are those of you who find a slow-moving vehicle (farm machinery down our way) in your lane and swing out into the opposite lane to pass, oblivious of vehicles coming in the opposite direction. My daughter has learned that a tractor coming her way means there might be an impatient “friend” hiding, ready to cross into her lane. That’s an invaluable lesson. Thanks. And thank you to all the walkers, adults and children, who appear from between cars. “Be ready to stop” is a lesson that you have taught my daughter well. At the same time, I have taught her the rules for yielding to walkers. Teaching a teen to be a defensive driver isn’t easy. I want you to know that I couldn’t have done it without you, my “friends”. 41. The people mentioned in the first two paragraphs were . A tolerant B. strict C. cautious D. slow 42. According to the passage, the author’s daughter . A. has made a lot of friends after she got her learner’s permit. B. often turns without signaling and hesitates at a stop sign. C. has learned to be careful of drivers who break the rules. D. has become an experienced driver in a few months. 43. What is the author’s attitude towards the drivers whom he calls “friends”? A. Grateful B. Indifferent C. Sympathetic D. Annoyed 44. The underlined word “yield” in Paragraph 6 means . A. make way for you B. give up hope C. shout at you D. produce crops 45. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To express his thanks to his friends. B To warn people to obey traffic rules. C. To advise teens to be careful when driving. D. To explain to teens how to be a good driver. 【答案】41. A 42. C 43. A 44. A 45. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者感激耐心对待女儿的司机们，也感谢违规司机让女儿学会防御性驾驶，以此告诫人们遵守交通规则。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When my daughter Abigail got her learner’s permit a few months ago, I was appreciative of those drivers who saw a nervous teenager behind the wheel and treated her with patience as we drove around our neighborhood and the country roads close by.(几个月前，我女儿阿比盖尔拿到了学习许可证，我很感激那些看到方向盘后面是一个紧张的青少年，并在我们在附近街区和周边乡村道路行驶时，耐心对待她的司机们。)”以及第二段“Her first travels around our part of the Southern End were rather slow (cars piled up behind us). So thank you, nice people.(她最初在我们南端这一带行驶得相当慢（车在我们后面排起了长队）。所以，谢谢你们，善良的人们。)”可知，这些司机对作者女儿开车慢很有耐心，很宽容。故选A项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“She’s watched you go through red lights and stop signs, turn without signaling, fail to yield at the crossroads, or hesitate at a stop sign and then pull out into her path at the last millisecond.(她看到你们闯红灯、无视停车标志、转弯不打转向灯、在十字路口不 yield，或者在停车标志前犹豫，然后在最后一刻驶入她的车道。)”以及第七段 “‘What was that!’ Abigail shouted.(‘那是怎么回事！’阿比盖尔喊道。)”和第八段“‘That’s a “friend”!’ I yelled.(‘那就是一个 “朋友”！’我喊道。)”等内容可知，作者女儿看到了这些违规司机的行为，并且对此有了警惕。故选C项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But no kidding, I sincerely want to thank you ‘friends’, because you have taught my daughter not to take anything for granted on the roads. You deserve the credit for making her a defensive driver.(但不开玩笑，我真心感谢你们这些‘朋友’，因为你们教会了我女儿在路上不要把任何事情都视为理所当然。你们让她成为一名防御性驾驶者，这值得称赞。)”以及最后一段“Teaching a teen to be a defensive driver isn’t easy. I want you to know that I couldn’t have done it without you, my ‘friends’.(教一个青少年成为一名防御性驾驶者并不容易。我想让你们知道，没有你们，我的‘朋友们’，我做不到这一点。)”可知，作者虽然称这些违规司机为“朋友”，但实际上是感谢他们让女儿学会防御性驾驶。故选A项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段“She’s watched you go through red lights and stop signs, turn without signaling, fail to yield at the crossroads, or hesitate at a stop sign and then pull out into her path at the last millisecond.(她看到你们闯红灯、无视停车标志、转弯不打转向灯、在十字路口不____，或者在停车标志前犹豫，然后在最后一刻驶入她的车道。)”，并结合交通常识，这里说的是在十字路口不避让，所以猜测yield意思是“make way for you (为…… 让路)”。故选A项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过描述各种违规驾驶行为以及这些行为对作者女儿驾驶学习的影响，如“Teaching a teen to be a defensive driver isn’t easy. I want you to know that I couldn’t have done it without you, my ‘friends’.(教一个青少年成为一名防御性驾驶者并不容易。我想让你们知道，没有你们，我的‘朋友们’，我做不到这一点。)”，其目的是警告人们要遵守交通规则。故选B项。 C This is an approach to quality improvement based on the statistical work of Joseph Juran, one of two American pioneers of quality management. Sigma is a Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation (标准差), a statistical measure of the extent to which a series of numbers or readings deviates from its average. One Sigma indicates a wide scattering (分散) of the readings. If the average is the required quality standard of a particular process or product, then One Sigma quality is not very good. The higher the number, the closer the readings come to total perfection. At the Six Sigma level, there are only 3.4 defects (缺陷) per million. This may sound complicated, but in practice it has proved a popular way for managers to put quality management into effect. One of its great advantages is that it avoids the idea of aiming for “zero defects”, or total perfection--a frighteningly inaccessible goal for most. It presents a system for improving quality gradually. Companies or operational groups move step-by-step up the Sigma ladder, the ultimate goal being to reach the Six Sigma state--still just short of perfection. Reasonably unsophisticated computer programs do the necessary calculations when fed with data on the goals (the specifications of the perfect product or process) and the organization’s actual achievements. Six Sigma sounds like some sort of secret coven (集会). Its advocates insist that it is no such thing. But it has certain symbols of the exclusive society. Anyone in an organization who goes on a basic training course for a Six Sigma program is called a Green Belt. Anyone who is given the full-time job of leading a team that is starting on a Six Sigma exercise is given further training and is called a Black Belt. Beyond this, there are a special few who are trained even more, and they are called Master Black Belts. Their role is to champion the exercise throughout the organization and to watch over the Black Belts and ensure that they are consistently improving the quality of their team’s output. Pioneered in the United States by Motorola in the 1980s, Six Sigma became hugely popular in the 1990s after Jack Welch adopted it at General Electric. To achieve Six Sigma quality at GE, a process must produce no more than 3.4 defects per million “opportunities”. An opportunity is defined as “a chance for non-conformance, or not meeting the required specifications”. The company says: “Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE. It is now the way we work--in everything we do and in every product we design”. 46. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that ________. A. Joseph Juran came up with Six Sigma based on his statistical work. B. Six Sigma is an approach to improving quality to total perfection. C. mathematicians and statistical experts master Six Sigma best. D. Six Sigma quality is relatively better than Four Sigma quality 47. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that Six Sigma ________. A. pursues not total perfection but a gradual process of quality enhancement B. indicates the quality of the product or process is closest to total perfection C. is more a mathematical and statistical measure than a managerial method D. is not only a mean approach but also a complex and inaccessible goal 48. People regard Six Sigma as a kind of secret coven in that it ________. A. is a secret and mysterious organization B. does not grant membership to outsiders C has some features of a secret society D. has a rigid but orderly training system 49. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________. A. the Green Bolts B. the Black Belts C. the Master Black Belts D. the team leaders 50. By saying “Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE”, the company most probably means Six Sigma ________. A. has transformed the operation mode of GE B. has enabled GE to improve its quality C. has earned huge popularity for GE D. has reformed the structure and organization of GE 【答案】46. D 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了六西格玛质量管理方法的原理与应用。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Sigma is a Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation (标准差), a statistical measure of the extent to which a series of numbers or readings deviates from its average. One Sigma indicates a wide scattering (分散) of the readings. If the average is the required quality standard of a particular process or product, then One Sigma quality is not very good. The higher the number, the closer the readings come to total perfection. At the Six Sigma level, there are only 3.4 defects (缺陷) per million. (Sigma（西格玛）是希腊字母，在数学中用来表示标准差，即一系列数字或读数偏离其平均值的统计量度。一西格玛表示读数存在较大分散。如果平均值是某一特定过程或产品的所需质量标准，那么一西格玛的质量就不太好。数值越高，读数就越接近完美。在六西格玛水平下，每百万个中只有3.4个缺陷。)”可知，Sigma（西格玛）是一个用于表示标准差的希腊字母，数值越高，测量结果就越接近完美。因此，可以推断出六西格玛质量相对于四西格玛质量要好。故选D。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Sigma is a Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation (标准差), a statistical measure of the extent to which a series of numbers or readings deviates from its average. One Sigma indicates a wide scattering (分散) of the readings. If the average is the required quality standard of a particular process or product, then One Sigma quality is not very good. The higher the number, the closer the readings come to total perfection. At the Six Sigma level, there are only 3.4 defects (缺陷) per million. (Sigma（西格玛）是希腊字母，在数学中用来表示标准差，即一系列数字或读数偏离其平均值的统计量度。一西格玛表示读数存在较大分散。如果平均值是某一特定过程或产品的所需质量标准，那么一西格玛的质量就不太好。数值越高，读数就越接近完美。在六西格玛水平下，每百万个中只有3.4个缺陷。)”和第二段中“This may sound complicated, but in practice it has proved a popular way for managers to put quality management into effect. One of its great advantages is that it avoids the idea of aiming for “zero defects”, or total perfection--a frighteningly inaccessible goal for most. It presents a system for improving quality gradually. (这听起来可能很复杂，但在实践中，它已被证明是管理者实施质量管理的一种流行方式。它的一大优势在于避免了追求“零缺陷”或完美无瑕这一对大多数人来说遥不可及的目标。它提供了一个逐步提高质量的体系。)”可知，六西格玛追求的不是完全完美，而是逐步提升质量的过程。故选A。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Six Sigma sounds like some sort of secret coven (集会). Its advocates insist that it is no such thing. But it has certain symbols of the exclusive society. (六Sigma听起来像某种秘密集会。但其倡导者坚称并非如此。但它确实具有某些专属社团的象征。)”可知，人们认为六西格玛是一种秘密集会，是因为它具有某些秘密社会的特征。故选C。 【49题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Beyond this, there are a special few who are trained even more, and they are called Master Black Belts. (除此之外，还有极少数经过更多培训的人，他们被称为黑带大师。)”可知，极少数经过更多培训的人被称为大师级黑带。因此，这里的they指的是“大师级黑带”，即the Master Black Belts“大师级黑带”符合题意。故选C。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“To achieve Six Sigma quality at GE, a process must produce no more than 3.4 defects per million “opportunities”. An opportunity is defined as “a chance for non-conformance, or not meeting the required specifications”. The company says: “Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE. It is now the way we work--in everything we do and in every product we design”. (为了在通用电气公司实现六西格玛质量，一个过程产生的缺陷不能超过每百万个“机会”中的3.4个。“机会”被定义为“不符合要求或未达到规定规格的可能性”。该公司表示：“六西格玛改变了通用的DNA。它现在是我们工作的方式——体现在我们所做的每一件事和我们设计的每一个产品中。”)”可知，这里说的“Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE”指的是六西格玛改变了通用电气的工作方式，即转变了其运营模式。故选A。 D Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the common pracice. According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents. Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child doctor, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into Western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement parallel to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years, to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities. In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the Western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This sudden shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to mothers’ exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,” they wrote. By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child’s care. One previous study looked at the Efe people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old, and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour. Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts sharply to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three. While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that Western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development.” 51. According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of ________. A. having childcare among community members. B. assigning babies to specific adult caregivers. C. teaching parenting skills to older children. D. carrying infants around by their parents. 52. The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate ________. A. an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication. B. an approach to integrating alloparenting into Western society. C. the conventional parenting style in Western culture. D. the differences between Western and African ways of living. 53. According to Paragraph 4, what impact does the “intensive mothering narrative” have? A. It reduces parenting pressure. B. It enhances family relationships. C. It results in the child-centered family. D. It departs from the course of evolution. 54. According to Paragraph 6, what can we learn about the nurseries in the UK? A. They tend to fall short of official requirements. B. They have difficulty finding good caregivers. C. They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio. D. They should try to prevent parental depression. 55. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Instructive Teaching: A Plan for Anxious Parents. B. For a Happier Family, Learn from the Hunter-gatherers. C. Mixed-age Playgroup, a Better Choice for Lonely Children. D. Tracing the History of Parenting: from Africa to Europe. 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现，从非洲狩猎采集者那里获得的育儿技巧可能是培养更满足的孩子的关键，“异亲抚育”做法可减少焦虑，而西方的核心家庭模式是有危害的，西方应借鉴融入这些做法，促进孩子的健康与发展。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. (这个想法是基于对社区的研究，比如博茨瓦纳的Kung，那里的每个孩子都由许多成年人照顾)”和第二段“According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents. (剑桥大学的进化人类学家Nikhil Chaudhary博士表示，这些被称为异亲抚育的做法可以减少孩子和父母的焦虑)”可知，“异亲抚育”指的是社区成员共同照顾孩子的做法。故选A项。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child doctor, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into Western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement parallel to alloparenting. (儿童医生Annie Swanepoel博士认为，有一些方法可以将它们融入西方生活。在德国，一项计划将养老院与托儿所配对。居民帮助照看孩子，这是一种类似于异亲抚育的安排)”可知，此处先提到有办法将“异亲抚育”做法融入西方生活，然后介绍德国的将养老院和托儿所配对的计划，该计划类似于异亲抚育。由此推知，提到德国的计划是为了说明将“异亲抚育”融入西方社会的一种方法。故选B项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the Western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This sudden shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. (在《儿童心理学和精神病学杂志》上发表的一篇论文中，研究人员说，西方的核心家庭是最近的发明，打破了进化史。这种突然转向“密集型育儿叙事”，即母亲应该独自照顾孩子，的做法很可能是有害的)”可知，“密集型育儿叙事”的转变背离了进化历程。故选D项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts sharply to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three. (Chaudhary说，与人类进化史上的大多数时期相比，父母现在从家庭和社会网络中得到的育儿支持更少了，但引入额外的照顾者可以减轻压力和抑郁，这可能对孩子的健康产生“连锁”效益。一个出生在狩猎采集社会的婴儿可能有超过10个照顾者——这与英国托儿所的规定形成鲜明对比，英国规定每4个两到三岁的孩子有1个照顾者)”可知，为当前的育儿模式引入更多的照顾者是有益的，与狩猎采集社会中婴儿照顾者的数量相比，英国托儿所规定的数量相差悬殊。由此可知，这里暗示英国托儿所应该提高照顾者与孩子的比例。故选C项。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. (研究人员表示，从非洲狩猎采集者那里获得的育儿技巧可能是培养出更满足的孩子的关键)”可知，文章开篇提出从非洲狩猎采集者那里获得的育儿建议可能是养育更满足的孩子的关键，接着围绕狩猎采集者的育儿方式，即异亲抚育，以及西方育儿方式的对比展开，建议西方可以从狩猎采集者那里学习育儿经验。因此，B项“为了更幸福的家庭，向狩猎采集者学习”能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 五、阅读表达（10分5*2） 【1】There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. 【2】Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. 【3】Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just forsake. 【4】But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. 【5】And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. 【6】Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 56. What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 57. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. (no more than 25 words) > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? (no more than 3 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59. How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 60. How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 57. According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 58. Give up/Abandon. 59. It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 60. (open) Spot a problem I care about and then experiment boldly or create./Spot a problem and then learn relevant skills if needed. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马克和萨莉通过想象力解决实际问题并取得成功的故事。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。由第二段中“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在附近骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上散落着许多塑料瓶，他感到很沮丧。)”可知，当马克在附近骑自行车时，看到许多塑料瓶散落在公园和人行道上让他感到沮丧。故答案为：Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。由第三段中“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just forsake. (朋友们笑了一下，甚至马克的父母也认为他应该放弃。)”可知，马克的朋友和父母并没有鼓励他，所以“With encouragement from his friends and parents”是错误的。故答案为：According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 【58题详解】 考查词句猜测。由第三段中“At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just forsake. (一开始，一切都出错了——塑料坏了，打印机卡住了，零件无法组合在一起。朋友们笑了一下，甚至马克的父母也认为他应该forsake。)”可知，一开始马克的实验都失败了，所以他的父母认为他应该放弃，所以forsake意为“放弃”。故答案为：Give up/Abandon. 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。由第五段中“She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. (她召集了朋友，学习了一些基本的编程，然后一起创建了一个应用程序，可以绘制出鲜为人知的小型当地公园和花园的地图。)”可知，萨莉和她的朋友们创建的应用程序通过绘制鲜为人知的小型当地公园和花园的地图来提供帮助。故答案为：It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 【60题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答：你怎么能像马克和萨莉那样把你的想象力付诸实践呢？（约20字），答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：找出我关心的问题，然后大胆尝试或创造。或者：发现问题，然后根据需要学习相关技能。故答案为：Spot a problem I care about and then experiment boldly or create./Spot a problem and then learn relevant skills if needed. 六、书面表达（25分） 61. 假定你是李华，你所在的兴趣小组对中学生使用“搜题软件”的情况进行了调查研究。请为校英文报写一篇文章，内容包括： 1. 简要描述调查结果； 2. 分析不同使用目的； 3. 你对“搜题软件”的看法及理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为100个以上； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Students’ Use of Homework-Help Apps ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Students’ Use of Homework-Help Apps Our interest group surveyed middle school students on homework-help apps. According to the pie chart, their purposes differ: 45% check answers, 35% get homework assistance, and 20% review for exams. The survey covered 200 students from three local middle schools, ensuring relatively representative results. Their motivations vary: some solve tough problems or verify answers to find mistakes quickly, while others consolidate knowledge for exams. These apps are double-edged. They offer quick answers to overcome obstacles but over-reliance harms independent thinking. Teachers and parents should also guide students to use such apps properly. Students should use them as supplements, not substitutes, to truly benefit and boost academic performance. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英文报写一篇文章，介绍所在的兴趣小组对中学生使用“搜题软件”的情况进行的调查研究。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 目的：purpose→aim 包括：cover→include 确保：ensure→guarantee 动机：motivation→intention 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The survey covered 200 students from three local middle schools, ensuring relatively representative results. 拓展句：The survey covered 200 students from three local middle schools, which ensured relatively representative results. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The survey covered 200 students from three local middle schools, ensuring relatively representative results. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】Their motivations vary: some solve tough problems or verify answers to find mistakes quickly, while others consolidate knowledge for exams.(运用了while连接表对比的并列句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $