Unit 1 Period2 B Grammar and activity（课件）英语沪教版2020必修第二册

该高中英语课件聚焦“Ellipsis（省略）”语法，通过对话示例、基础表达与变体对比（如“Sorry to hear that.”补充为“I'm sorry to hear that.”）导入，从简单语境到分句式（简单句、祈使句等）、从句（定语从句、状语从句等）细化规则，构建支架式学习脉络。 其亮点在于结合对话、公共标志（如“禁止吸烟”省略主语和情态动词）、名言等真实语境案例，通过分析不同场景省略规则培养语言能力和思维品质。采用案例教学，学生能提升省略运用能力，教师可借评估表跟踪学习效果，提高教学针对性。

高中英语沪教版2020必修第二册 Unit 1 No limits B ：Grammar and activity Learning objectives 1. Master core ellipsis rules in simple contexts. 2. Identify and analyze ellipsis cases in the texts. 3. Use ellipsis properly in basic speaking/writing tasks. 4. Recognize common mistakes and correct them. Contents 1. Lead in 2. Grammar 3. Presentation 4. Practice 5. Summary 6. Assessment 7. Homework 01. Lead in Lead-in Lead in — Who would like to go swimming with me on Sunday? — I would like to go swimming with you on Sunday. I would like to (go swimming with you on Sunday). Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ Ellipsis is the act of leaving out some parts of a sentence. You don’t have to repeat the words in brackets. 省去；遗漏 = omit /əˈmɪt/ repetitive 重复的 Lead-in Lead in Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ Sorry /Glad to hear that. Sounds like a good idea. Me, too. Can't wait! (I'm) sorry/glad to hear that. (It) sounds like a good idea. Me, too. (I love…，too.） (I) can't wait! 02. Grammar Lead-in Grammar Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ Grammatical rules of ellipsis b. Ellipsis can also be used to avoid repeating information after certain verb structures that are followed by the to-infinitive. a. Ellipsis can be used to avoid repeating information after modal verbs and other auxiliary verbs. [ˈməʊdl] [ɔːɡˈzɪlɪərɪ] 情态动词 助动词 [ɪnˈfɪnətɪv] 不定式 Lead-in Grammar Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ Task: Read the transcript of a TV show. Find out what information the speakers left out in parts 1-6. Match them to grammar rules a and b. Page 12 [ˈtrænskrɪpt] 副本，抄本，文字记录 Lead-in Grammar Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ a. Ellipsis can be used to avoid repeating information after modal verbs and other auxiliary verbs. b. Ellipsis can also be used to avoid repeating information after certain verb structures that are followed by the to-infinitive. Sentence: _______ Sentence: _______ 2,3,5 1,4,6 Lead-in Grammar Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ a. Ellipsis can be used to avoid repeating information after modal verbs and other auxiliary verbs. 2. Why would he be ? 3. I haven’t . 5. Of course I would ! climbed a mountain with someone as young as Jordan. like to climb Qomolangma myself ! afraid ?  [ˈtʃəʊməʊˌlɑːŋmə] Lead-in Grammar Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ b. Ellipsis can also be used to avoid repeating information after certain verb structures that are followed by the to-infinitive. 1. I’m surprised that his parents allowed him to . 4. …, and no one has ever asked me to . 6. …, but I hope that someday I’ll be able to . climb Qomolangma when he was only 13 years old. climb with him. climb Qomolangma. 03. Presentation Lead-in Presentation Ellipsis 1 2 3 4 5 6 Imperative sentence 祈使句 Adverbial clause 状语从句 Exclamatory sentence 感叹句 Compound sentence 并列句 Simple sentence 简单句 Attributive clause 定语从句 7 Object clause 宾语从句 1. When you feel like giving up, don’t. 2. When you’re thinking about giving up, don’t. 3. When it look like you ain’t gonna make it, keep going. Imperative sentences 祈使句 subject 主语 predicate 谓语 4. No matter how rough the sea, you keep standing. 5. No matter what, you don’t give up. Adverbial clauses 状语从句 predicate 谓语 6. If there’s something that you want ..., you’ve got to do whatever is necessary until. 7. I’m going to do it until. Adverbial clauses 状语从句 predicate subject object 宾语 Sentence Pattern What has been left out？ predicate 谓语/be object 宾语 subject 主语 The Mission District A local museum Chinatown A day in San Francisco 1. What a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake. 2. What great food! Exclamatory sentence 感叹句 subject 主语 predicate谓语/be 3.This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. 4. When these immigrants ..., they carried a bit of home in their hearts, and built a new home here. Compound sentence 并列句 subject Sentence Pattern What has been left out？ The Mission District A local museum Chinatown A day in San Francisco 6. Can’t wait! Simple sentence 简单句 subject object 宾语 5. A real mix of cultures here! Simple sentence 简单句 There be 句型 Sentence Pattern What has been left out？ Cases of ellipsis in the dialogues 1. A: Oh, I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese! B: Me, too.2. A: We have gumbo, the spicy stew. It was invented in New Orleans over 200 years ago, and mixes French, African, Native American, and Spanish cooking. B: So it’s the food of many different cultures, all in one dish? A: Exactly. Here is a conversation between Mr Green and his good friend Mr Smith, a fisherman. Can you understand what they are talking about?         Mr Green: Going?         Mr Smith: Been.         Mr Green: Any?  Mr Smith: Some.         Mr Green: Big? Mr Smith: Small. subject/predicate/object the repetitive part Simple sentence 简单句 Cases of ellipsis in the public signs You cannot smoke here. You can park your car here. You cannot take photos here. You should cross here with care on your bike. subject 主语 modal verb 情态动词 Simple sentence 简单句 Cases of ellipsis in the diary Saturday, May 15, 2021 Sunny After enjoy the travel journal about San Francisco, I feel fascinated by the attractive city that LiLan visited. If it is possible, I would like to pay a visit to it myself. I can imagine that when I am wandering around the Chinatown , I will try a lot of delicious food. What an amazing experience it is! If it is necessary, I’ll write my own travel journal on San Francisco as soon as it is possible to record my fantastic journey. when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever Adverbial clause 状语从句 subject（it） be Attributive clause 定语从句 that, which, who object 宾语 Object clause 宾语从句 that+clause the first “that” Sentence Pattern What can be left out？ Cases of ellipsis in the famous sayings 1. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. 2. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Simple sentence 简单句 predicate 谓语 Practice of Ellipsis 学习使人聪慧，音乐使人优雅，旅游使人博学。 Learning makes a wise man, music an elegant man, travel a knowledgeable man! 读书使人渊博，辩论使人机敏，写作使人精细。 读史使人明智，读诗使人聪颖，算数使人缜密，自然哲学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人善辩。 1. (You) Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing. 2. (Is there) Anything else? 3. — Are you from America? — Yes, I am (from America). 4. What a beautiful city (it is)! 1. 祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语____________。 2. there be 句型省略____________。 3. 疑问句的答语省略。 4. 感叹句的省略。在 what 和 how 引导的感叹句中常省略____________。 Ellipsis in simple sentence简单句中的省略 you there be 主语和be动词 Compare and find Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for. The cat (that) I bought has a cute head. I like the way (that / in which) he talks. 如果关系代词在定语从句中作 _______，则关系代词可以省略。当先行词是 way，且引导词在定语从句中 ________ 时，关系词可以用 that、in which 或省略。 Ellipsis in Attributive clause定语从句的省略 宾语 状语 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city). He said (that) the book was very interesting and that (不省略) all the children liked to read it. 及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词_______一般可以省略，但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上由______引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个 that 可以省略。 when, where, how 和 why 引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 that that Ellipsis in Object clause宾语从句的省略 When (the novel is) published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. Though (they were) tired, they went on working. He did as (he was) told. He stood up as if (he were) to say something. Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 当when, while, if, as if, though, as, until, unless 等连接的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有 be 动词或从句的主语为 it 时，省略状语从句中的 _________________。 在 than, as 等引导的 ________ 状语从句中常省略某些成分。 主语和 be 动词 比较 Ellipsis in Adverbial clause状语从句的省略 Had you come here yesterday，you would watch the game. 如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会观看比赛了。 We insisted that they (should) finish the meal. 我们坚决要求他吃晚饭。 It is necessary that we (should) keep calm in face of danger. 我们有必要面对危险时保持冷静。 (1)虚拟条件句常省略____________，将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。 (2)在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，desire)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that...从句中常省略____________。 if should Ellipsis in Subjunctive mood虚拟语气中的省略 He didn’t come，but he ought to have (come).他没来，但他本应该来。 I saw him enter the room just now.＝He was seen to enter the room just now by me.刚才我看见他进了房间。 I can do nothing but wait.我能做的只有等待。 His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his family a big house. 他的愿望是赚很多钱给家人买座大房子。 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make it more difficult.新科技的目的是使生活更方便而不是使它更困难。 Ellipsis in infinitive form不定式的省略 小结： (1)有些动词(词组)，如want，wish，expect，hope，would like，try，forget等后面的不定式作____________语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到____________，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。 (2)感官动词(词组)see，look at，hear，listen to，notice，watch等和使役动词make，let，have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略____________；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。 (3)在某些句式中，如介词but，except前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略____________。 (4)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面省去____________；但如果两个不定式表示对比、对照关系时，则to不可省略。 宾 to to to to She spends half an hour (in) doing some exercises every day. We have a mid-term exam (in) every term. (1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的____________词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money (in) doing sth；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth；prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth。 (2)表示____________的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。 介 时间 Ellipsis in prepositions介词的省略 —Can they solve the promlem by themselves? 他们能自己解决那个问题吗？ —I think so.我认为能。 —I don’t think so./I think not.我认为不能。 英语中，可以使用so，____________或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。 —The boys missed the flight because of the traffic jam, didn’t they? —I guess not. not 替代性省略 The sooner (you do it)，the better (it will be). (你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。 在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由____________和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 than 比较结构的省略 04. Practice Lead-in Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ Practice Task: Rewrite the sentences using ellipsis. [ Page 13 ] Lead-in Ellipsis (省略) /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ Task: Rewrite the sentences using ellipsis. [ Page 13 ] 01. I would have, too. I would’ve quit after about 2 km, too ! /kwɪt/ quit doing sth. = stop doing sth. = give up doing sth. “停止/放弃做某事” Practice Lead-in Practice 01. Yes, I’d love to go there someday. I would have, too. 02. I would’ve quit after about 2 km, too ! Yes, I’d love to. 03. 04. ..., an Australian teenager named Jade Hameister wasn’t ready to stop after reaching the North Pole. …, an Australian teenager name Jade Hameister wasn’t ready to. I’m sure she can finish the last two years of school! I’m sure she can! Lead-in Language Points 并列结构中的省略 • 省略主语：当并列句中前后两个句子的主语一致时，后一句的主语可以省略。如“She went to the clinic and (she) saw a doctor.” • 省略整个谓语或谓语的主要部分：在并列句中，后一句的谓语如果与前一句的谓语相同，可以省略整个谓语或谓语的主要部分。如“Dr Waston will meet some visitors this morning and Peter (will meet some visitors) this afternoon.” Lead-in Language Points • 省略宾语及宾语连同前面的及物动词一起省略：当并列句中前后两句的宾语相同时，后一句的宾语可以省略，有时连及物动词也可省略。如“Edison invented (the light bulb), the manufactures produced (the light bulb), and the inhabitants used, the light bulb.” • 省略表语：在并列句中，若前后两句的表语相同，后一句的表语可以省略。如“They’re more afraid of you than you are of them.” Lead-in Language Points • 省略状语：并列句中，后一句的状语如果与前一句的状语相同，也可以省略。如“Mr Oliver teaches (in Cambridge), and his son studies, in Cambridge.” • 省略冠词：在并列结构中，相同的冠词可以省略。如“Both the old and (the) young took part in the singing competition.” • 省略介词：并列结构中，相同的介词可以省略。如“You may go by land or (by) water.” • 省略名词：根据上下文，某些名词可以省略。如“It doesn’t matter whether he is for (the plan) or against the plan.” Lead-in Language Points 状语从句中的省略 如果状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，而且状语从句谓语中有be动词，可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有when, while, though, if, unless, although等。如“When (it is) taken according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects.” 05. Summary Lead-in Summary 一、核心定义 省略是为避免重复、使表达简洁，省去句子中已知或可推断的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、状语等），但不影响句意理解。 二、常见省略场景及规则 1. 并列句中的省略：后句重复前句的主谓/主系结构时可省，如：He is a student and (he is) good at English. 2. 状语从句中的省略：从句主语与主句一致且含be动词，可省“主语+be”；或从句为it is/was时可省，如：When (we are) walking in the park, we saw a bird. / If (it is) necessary, call me. 3. 不定式结构中的省略：避免重复前文的实义动词，只留to（若前文是to do则省to，若为have/had done则保留have/had），如：A: Will you go? B: I’d love to (go). / He didn’t come, but he ought to have (come). 4. 对话中的省略：回答时省去重复的问句成分，如：A: Where are you going? B: (I’m going) To the library. 06. Assessment Lead-in Assessment Learning Objectives Score(1-5) 1.重点词汇、短语 2.省略语法的知识点 3.课堂上的表现 5-完全能；4-基本能；3-不确定；2不太能；1-完全不能 07. Homework Lead-in Homework Review the grammar of Ellipsis and finish the exercises. Thank you for your listening $