Unit 7 The secret of memory 条件状语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 7 The secret of memory 核心语法精练（if和unless条件状语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、if 引导的条件状语从句 1 二、unless 和 if...not引导的条件状语从句 2 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 4 三、句子翻译 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 一、语法选择 5 二、语法填空 6 一、if 引导的条件状语从句 （1）if 作连词，意为 “如果”，是引导条件状语从句最常用的连词。 例句：We will have a class meeting if everyone arrives on time.如果大家都按时到，我们就开班会。 （2）if 条件状语从句的时态 ①. if 引导条件状语从句时的时态当主句是一般将来时、含有情态动词的句子或祈使句时，if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 主句为一般将来时： 例句：If you keep staying up late, you will damage your health.如果你持续熬夜，将会损害健康。 主句为祈使句： 例句：If you see litter on the ground, pick it up. 如果你看到地上有垃圾，把它捡起来。 主句含情态动词： 例句：You can improve your English if you practice every day.如果你每天练习，就能提高英语。 ②.表示习惯性动作、科学真理、自然法则或客观事实时，主从句时态常用一般现在时。 例句：If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. 如果你把蓝色和黄色混合，你会得到绿色。 If you heat ice, it melts.如果你加热冰，它会融化。 （3）if 从句的句型转换 ①.与 “祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句” 进行转换，and 表顺承，or 表转折。 例句：If you get up early, you can catch the first bus. = Get up early, and you can catch the first bus.如果你早起，就能赶上第一班公交车。 If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the school bus. = Hurry up, or you will miss the school bus.（如果你不快点，就会错过校车。） ②.与含有 with 或 without 的句子进行转换。 例句：If there’s no air, humans can’t live. = Humans can’t live without air.如果没有空气，人类无法生存。 二、unless 和 if...not引导的条件状语从句 1.unless 是连词，意为 “除非；如果不”，unless 引导条件状语从句时，可与 if…not 进行同义转换。 例句：He won’t pass the exam unless he studies hard. = He won’t pass the exam if he doesn’t study hard.除非他努力学习，否则他不会通过考试。 2. unless 引导条件状语从句时，也同样遵循 “主将从现” 的原则。主句是一般将来时、含有情态动词的句子或祈使句时，unless 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。 例句：We will go camping tomorrow unless it rains.除非明天下雨，否则我们明天会去露营。 You can’t pass the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你不能通过考试。 Please finish your homework first unless you want to be punished.除非你想受惩罚，否则请先完成作业。 一、单项选择 1. You need to practice speaking English every day ________ you hope to improve your spoken English. A．if B．although C．unless D．until 2. You can’t pass the exam ________ you listen to the teachers carefully in class. A．unless B．whether C．if D．until 3. ________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list. A．If B．Until C．Although D．Unless 4. Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ______ you often use them. A．when B．unless C．if D．until 5. If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested 6. —I really want to go to college for further study. —Believe in yourself. If you ________ hard, your dream will come true. A．will study B．studied C．study D．are studying 7．If it ________ tomorrow, we ________ a picnic in the park. A．won’t rain; will have B．doesn’t rain; will have C．won’t rain; have D．doesn’t rain; have 8. If you ________ harder than before, you ________ the final exam. A．study; pass B．will study; pass C．study; will pass D．will study; will pass 9．If we protect the environment, the earth ________ a better place to live in. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 10．If we ________ more trees, there ________ less living space for animals. A．cut down; is B．cut down; will be C．will cut down; is D．will cut down; will be 二、完成句子 1. 如果你不能来参加聚会，请通知我们。 Please let us know if you to the party. 2. 除非你自己去寻找，否则你将永远不知道真相。 (完成译句) You never know the truth you look for it yourself. 3. 除非你诚实友好，否则你是无法交朋友的。 You make friends honest and kind. 4. 除非你足够努力，否则这项任务很难完成。 for you to finish this task you work hard. 5. 除非你经常训练你的记忆，否则它会变糟糕。 you practise your memory , it worse. 6. If we don’t improve health care, people won’t live longer. (用unless改写) ______________________________________________________________________________ 7.If you don’t hurry up, we will miss the train. (同义句) We miss the train you hurry up. 8. I can’t catch up with the others without your help. (改为同义句) you me, I can’t catch up with the others. 9. Run fast, or you’ll be late for school. （改为同义句） you fast, you’ll be late for school. 10. You can’t play games unless you finish your homework. (变同义句) You can’t play games you finish your homework. 三、句子翻译 1．如果明天下雨，我们将待在家里。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 2．如果你有任何问题或需要帮助，请尽管问。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3．如果你多练习，考试时就会更有信心。(be confident in) _____________________________________________________________________________ 4.你不能玩游戏，除非你先完成了功课。(unless) _____________________________________________________________________________ 5．除非你定期复习，否则你无法很好地记住新单词。(unless) _____________________________________________________________________________ 一、语法选择 One day, two boys were fighting badly. They both wanted 1 the train and railway set. Their father saw this, pulled them apart, and said, “My little sons, you 2 a lot of stories about animals since you were born. Did you know 3 hunters caught monkeys in the past? They would place a glass jar 4 a small neck on the ground. Then, inside the jar, the monkeys’ favorite food would 5 .” “When 6 monkey found the jar,” the father said, “it would reach inside, take the food, and try to 7 . The monkey could have gotten its hand out 8 the neck of the jar hadn’t been so small. It couldn’t get out without giving up the food.” The boys listened 9 , their eyes wide with curiosity. “No matter how hard the monkey tried,” the father continued, “it couldn’t free its hand with the food in it. The monkey would pull and tug, but the narrow neck of the jar made it impossible to escape 10 it was holding the food.” The children asked together, “What?” The father replied, “The monkey always refused to let go. It held onto the food, never giving up. It was too stubborn to realize that letting go was the only way to be free. Then the hunters came over and got the monkey with excitement.” The boys looked at each other, understanding the lesson their father was trying to teach 11 . “So, my little sons, remember this story. In life, you 12 be wise. Know when to give up, when to move on, and when to let go of whatever is holding you back. Just like the monkey, sometimes it’s better to give up 13 small to find a better way to reach your dreams. You can always find 14 train set, but fighting won’t help you get it.” The boys nodded, realizing that sometimes, letting go is the 15 choice. 1．A．get B．to get C．getting D．got 2．A．read B．reads C．have read D．had read 3．A．why B．when C．where D．how 4．A．with B．of C．within D．beside 5．A．was put B．puts C．be put D．have put 6．A．the B．a C．an D．/ 7．A．get out them B．get them out C．get out it D．get it out 8．A．when B．if C．as D．though 9．A．care B．careful C．carefully D．caring 10．A．after B．while C．before D．when 11．A．theirs B．their C．they D．them 12．A．should B．can C．must D．may 13．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14．A．other B．the other C．another D．others 15．A．wise B．wisest C．wiser D．wisely 二、语法填空 阅读下面的材料并填空。有的答案要填入适当的内容，有的答案要用括号内单词的正确形式，但每个答案不多于三个单词。 Dear David, I’m glad to hear from you. Thank you for 1 (trust) me and sharing your problem with me. I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your math exam last term 2 you made many careless mistakes. As a result, your parents got very 3 (anger) and scolded (训斥) you. You must have been upset and maybe even felt that they didn’t love you any more. In fact, I had 4 same experience as you when I was in my primary school. I once did very 5 (bad) in my English exam and my parents scolded me, too. They even warned (警告) me that they wouldn’t let me go out to play 6 I could do well in the next exam. At that time, I really didn’t know what to do, so I went to ask my English teacher 7 advice. She asked me to have a talk with my parents and promise that I would work hard and be 8 (care) in the next exam. I did as my English teacher told me. To my surprise, my parents were 9 (understand). Why don’t you try and do as I did? I’m sure your parents will be thankful that you talk with them and the three of you will be happier for it. I hope this advice will help you 10 (solve) your problem as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your good news. Yours, Mike 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The secret of memory 核心语法精练（if和unless条件状语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、if 引导的条件状语从句 1 二、unless 和 if...not引导的条件状语从句 2 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 5 三、句子翻译 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 8 一、语法选择 8 二、语法填空 11 一、if 引导的条件状语从句 （1）if 作连词，意为 “如果”，是引导条件状语从句最常用的连词。 例句：We will have a class meeting if everyone arrives on time.如果大家都按时到，我们就开班会。 （2）if 条件状语从句的时态 ①. if 引导条件状语从句时的时态当主句是一般将来时、含有情态动词的句子或祈使句时，if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 主句为一般将来时： 例句：If you keep staying up late, you will damage your health.如果你持续熬夜，将会损害健康。 主句为祈使句： 例句：If you see litter on the ground, pick it up. 如果你看到地上有垃圾，把它捡起来。 主句含情态动词： 例句：You can improve your English if you practice every day.如果你每天练习，就能提高英语。 ②.表示习惯性动作、科学真理、自然法则或客观事实时，主从句时态常用一般现在时。 例句：If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. 如果你把蓝色和黄色混合，你会得到绿色。 If you heat ice, it melts.如果你加热冰，它会融化。 （3）if 从句的句型转换 ①.与 “祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句” 进行转换，and 表顺承，or 表转折。 例句：If you get up early, you can catch the first bus. = Get up early, and you can catch the first bus.如果你早起，就能赶上第一班公交车。 If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the school bus. = Hurry up, or you will miss the school bus.（如果你不快点，就会错过校车。） ②.与含有 with 或 without 的句子进行转换。 例句：If there’s no air, humans can’t live. = Humans can’t live without air.如果没有空气，人类无法生存。 二、unless 和 if...not引导的条件状语从句 1.unless 是连词，意为 “除非；如果不”，unless 引导条件状语从句时，可与 if…not 进行同义转换。 例句：He won’t pass the exam unless he studies hard. = He won’t pass the exam if he doesn’t study hard.除非他努力学习，否则他不会通过考试。 2. unless 引导条件状语从句时，也同样遵循 “主将从现” 的原则。主句是一般将来时、含有情态动词的句子或祈使句时，unless 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。 例句：We will go camping tomorrow unless it rains.除非明天下雨，否则我们明天会去露营。 You can’t pass the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你不能通过考试。 Please finish your homework first unless you want to be punished.除非你想受惩罚，否则请先完成作业。 一、单项选择 1. You need to practice speaking English every day ________ you hope to improve your spoken English. A．if B．although C．unless D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你希望提高你的英语口语，你需要每天练习讲英语。 考查从属连词辨析。if如果；although虽然，即使；unless除非，如果不；until直到。根据“You need to practice speaking English every day ... you hope to improve your spoken English.”可知，句子前后是条件关系，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 2. You can’t pass the exam ________ you listen to the teachers carefully in class. A．unless B．whether C．if D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非你在课堂上仔细听老师讲课，否则你不会通过考试。 考查连词辨析。unless除非，如果不；whether是否；if如果；until直到。根据“you listen to the teachers carefully in class.”可知，这里表示“如果不……就不会通过考试”，因此用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。 3. ________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list. A．If B．Until C．Although D．Unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你太累了，无法完成待办事项清单上的所有事情，试着列一张勿做事项清单。 考查连词辨析。If如果；Until直到；Although尽管；Unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指如果完成待办事项清单上的所有事情感到很累，可以列一张“勿做”清单，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 4. Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ______ you often use them. A．when B．unless C．if D．until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：练习是非常重要的。如果你不经常使用生词，你就会忘记它们。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；unless除非；if如果；until直到。根据“You will forget the new words … you often use them.”可知，除非经常使用，否则会忘记的，故选B。 5. If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你在春天懒惰，秋天你将一无所获。 考查动词时态。If引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句需用一般将来时，其谓语动词结构为“will do”。故选B。 6. —I really want to go to college for further study. —Believe in yourself. If you ________ hard, your dream will come true. A．will study B．studied C．study D．are studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我真的很想上大学深造。——相信你自己。如果你努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。 考查一般现在时。在if引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。从句主语是you，谓语动词用原形study。故选C。 7．If it ________ tomorrow, we ________ a picnic in the park. A．won’t rain; will have B．doesn’t rain; will have C．won’t rain; have D．doesn’t rain; have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园野餐。 考查if引导的条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；从句“If it … tomorrow”需用一般现在时表将来，主语是it，因此用doesn’t rain；主句“we … a picnic in the park.”描述将来的情况，“will+动词原形”表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，因此用will have。故选B。 8. If you ________ harder than before, you ________ the final exam. A．study; pass B．will study; pass C．study; will pass D．will study; will pass 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你比以前更努力学习，你就会通过期末考试。 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，本句为含if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，需遵循“主将从现”原则：即通常情况下，从句用一般现在时表条件，主句用一般将来时 (will +动词原形) 表结果；第一个空位于if引导的条件从句中，需使用一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词用原形；第二个空位于主句中，需使用一般将来时“will pass”表示未来的结果。故选C。 9．If we protect the environment, the earth ________ a better place to live in. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果我们保护环境，地球将成为一个更适宜居住的地方。    考查if引导的条件状语从句时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句表示将来的结果，从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，即“主将从现”原则。 will be符合语境，故选C。 10．If we ________ more trees, there ________ less living space for animals. A．cut down; is B．cut down; will be C．will cut down; is D．will cut down; will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我们砍伐更多的树木，动物的生存空间就会更少。 考查If引导的条件状语从句。cut down砍倒。分析句子可知，此处是If引导的条件状语从句，主句时态为一般将来时，从句时态为一般现在时。故选B。 二、完成句子 1. 如果你不能来参加聚会，请通知我们。 Please let us know if you to the party. 【答案】 can’t come 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“不能来”。can’t“不能”；come“来”，情态动词后用动词原形。故填can’t；come。 2. 除非你自己去寻找，否则你将永远不知道真相。 (完成译句) You never know the truth you look for it yourself. 【答案】 will unless 【详解】分析句子结构可知，此句为“除非……否则……”的条件状语从句，时态上遵循“主将从现”的原则。主句用一般将来时will never know；从句用unless引导，时态是一般现在时。故填will；unless。 3. 除非你诚实友好，否则你是无法交朋友的。 You make friends honest and kind. 【答案】 can’t unless you are 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺“无法”和“除非你是”。“无法”对应“can’t”，符合语境；“除非”用“unless”表达，引导条件状语从句，从句中“你是”需用“you are”，语法上需保持完整。故填can’t；unless；you；are。 4. 除非你足够努力，否则这项任务很难完成。 for you to finish this task you work hard. 【答案】 It is impossible unless 【详解】固定句式：It is+形容词+for sb to do sth“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，impossible“不能的”，unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，故填It；is；impossible；unless。 5. 除非你经常训练你的记忆，否则它会变糟糕。 you practise your memory , it worse. 【答案】 Unless often will get/become 【详解】unless“除非”，是连词，引导条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句应用一般将来时，get/become worse“变得更糟”，often“经常”，是副词，故填Unless；often；will；get/become。 6. If we don’t improve health care, people won’t live longer. (用unless改写) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Unless we improve health care, people won’t live longer. 【详解】句意：如果不改善医疗保健，人们就不会活得更久。分析句子结构可知，句子是由if引导的条件状语从句；unless“除非，如果不”，连词，本身含有否定意义，相当于“if...not...”；改写时，需将“if we don’t improve health care”替换为“unless we improve health care”，其余部分保持不变，句子逻辑和语义一致，首字母要大写。故填Unless we improve health care, people won’t live longer. 7.If you don’t hurry up, we will miss the train. (同义句) We miss the train you hurry up. 【答案】 will unless 【详解】句意：如果你不快点，我们就会错过火车。原句是一个条件状语从句，表示“如果不快点儿，就会错过火车”。要将其改写为同义句，且保持句意不变，可以使用unless来引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”。因此，第一空应填will；第二空应填unless。故填will；unless。 8. I can’t catch up with the others without your help. (改为同义句) you me, I can’t catch up with the others. 【答案】 If don’t help 【详解】句意：没有你的帮助，我赶不上其他人。同义句可表述为“如果你不帮我，我赶不上其他人”，应用if引导的条件状语从句，句首首字母要大写，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语you为第二人称，否定形式借助don’t，后接动词原形help。故填If；don’t；help。 9. Run fast, or you’ll be late for school. （改为同义句） you fast, you’ll be late for school. 【答案】 If don’t run 【详解】句意：快点跑，否则你上学就要迟到了。or表示“否则”，可以用if…not来替换，if“如果”引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句主语是you，run是实义动词，否定借助于助动词don’t，故填If；don’t；run。 10. You can’t play games unless you finish your homework. (变同义句) You can’t play games you finish your homework. 【答案】 if don’t 【详解】句意：除非你完成作业，否则你不能玩游戏。unless“除非，如果不”，相当于if...not。本句时态为一般现在时，finish“完成”是实义动词，变为否定要借助助动词don’t。故填if；don’t。 三、句子翻译 1．如果明天下雨，我们将待在家里。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 【详解】根据题干可知，句子考查if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母要大写；从句“If it rains tomorrow”中，“it”指代天气，“rains”是“rain”的三单形式；“tomorrow”作时间状语；主句“we will stay at home”中，“will stay”是一般将来时结构，表示“将会待在”；“at home”是固定短语，意为“在家”。故填If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 2．如果你有任何问题或需要帮助，请尽管问。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you have any questions or need help, feel free to ask. 【详解】如果：if；你：you；有任何问题：have any questions；或：or；需要帮助：need help；尽管：feel free to；问：ask。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，以动词原形开头。故填If you have any questions or need help, feel free to ask. 3．如果你多练习，考试时就会更有信心。(be confident in) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you practice more, you will be more confident in exams 【详解】该句是if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。If“如果”；you“你”；practice more“多练习”；will be“将会”；more confident“更有信心”；in exams“在考试中”。故填If you practice more, you will be more confident in exams。 4.你不能玩游戏，除非你先完成了功课。(unless) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You can’t play games unless you finish your homework first. 【详解】“你”you；“不能”can’t；“玩游戏”play games；“除非”unless；“完成”finish；“功课”homework；“先”first；本句结合语境可知用“You can’t do sth. unless...”表示“除非……，否则你不能……”。故填You can’t play games unless you finish your homework first. 5．除非你定期复习，否则你无法很好地记住新单词。(unless) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You won’t remember new words well unless you review them regularly. 【详解】you“你”；remember“记住”；new words“新单词”，复数形式表泛指；well“好”，副词修饰动词；review“复习”；them“它们”，这里指代“新单词”，作宾语；regularly“定期地”，副词修饰动词。 此句是unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，且是否定句。故填You won’t remember new words well unless you review them regularly. 一、语法选择 One day, two boys were fighting badly. They both wanted 1 the train and railway set. Their father saw this, pulled them apart, and said, “My little sons, you 2 a lot of stories about animals since you were born. Did you know 3 hunters caught monkeys in the past? They would place a glass jar 4 a small neck on the ground. Then, inside the jar, the monkeys’ favorite food would 5 .” “When 6 monkey found the jar,” the father said, “it would reach inside, take the food, and try to 7 . The monkey could have gotten its hand out 8 the neck of the jar hadn’t been so small. It couldn’t get out without giving up the food.” The boys listened 9 , their eyes wide with curiosity. “No matter how hard the monkey tried,” the father continued, “it couldn’t free its hand with the food in it. The monkey would pull and tug, but the narrow neck of the jar made it impossible to escape 10 it was holding the food.” The children asked together, “What?” The father replied, “The monkey always refused to let go. It held onto the food, never giving up. It was too stubborn to realize that letting go was the only way to be free. Then the hunters came over and got the monkey with excitement.” The boys looked at each other, understanding the lesson their father was trying to teach 11 . “So, my little sons, remember this story. In life, you 12 be wise. Know when to give up, when to move on, and when to let go of whatever is holding you back. Just like the monkey, sometimes it’s better to give up 13 small to find a better way to reach your dreams. You can always find 14 train set, but fighting won’t help you get it.” The boys nodded, realizing that sometimes, letting go is the 15 choice. 1．A．get B．to get C．getting D．got 2．A．read B．reads C．have read D．had read 3．A．why B．when C．where D．how 4．A．with B．of C．within D．beside 5．A．was put B．puts C．be put D．have put 6．A．the B．a C．an D．/ 7．A．get out them B．get them out C．get out it D．get it out 8．A．when B．if C．as D．though 9．A．care B．careful C．carefully D．caring 10．A．after B．while C．before D．when 11．A．theirs B．their C．they D．them 12．A．should B．can C．must D．may 13．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14．A．other B．the other C．another D．others 15．A．wise B．wisest C．wiser D．wisely 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文讲述父亲通过猴子抓食物的寓言教导孩子学会适时放弃的道理。 1．句意：他们俩都想得到火车和铁轨套装。 get得到，动词原形；to get得到，不定式；getting得到，现在分词；got得到，过去式。want to do sth.“想做某事”，是固定搭配。故选B。 2．句意：我的小儿子们，你们从出生起就读了很多关于动物的故事。 read读，动词原形；reads读，三单形式；have read，现在完成时；had read，过去完成时。根据“since you were born”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选C。 3．句意：你们知道过去猎人是怎么抓猴子的吗？ why为什么；when什么时候；where在哪里；how怎样。后文描述猎人用罐子抓猴子的方法，需用how表示方式，故选D。 4．句意：他们会在地上放一个窄颈的玻璃罐子。 with有；of……的；within在……里；beside在旁边。“a small neck”是罐子的特征，用with表示伴随属性，故选A。 5．句意：然后，罐子里会放上猴子最爱吃的食物。 was put被放置；puts放置；be put被放置；have put已经放。“would”后接动词原形，且食物是被放入，需用被动语态。故选C。 6．句意：“当一只猴子发现罐子时，”父亲说，“它会把手伸进去，抓住食物，然后试图把它拿出来。如果罐子颈没有那么细的话，猴子本可以把它的手抽出来。不放弃食物，它就拔不出手来。” the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。此处表示泛指的含义，monkey是辅音音素开头的单词，a符合。故选B。 7．句意：“当一只猴子发现罐子时，”父亲说，“它会把手伸进去，抓住食物，然后试图把它拿出来。如果罐子颈没有那么细的话，猴子本可以把它的手抽出来。不放弃食物，它就拔不出手来。” get out them，错误搭配；get them out把它们拿出来；get out it，错误搭配；get it out把它拿出来。此处指食物，用代词it指代。故选D。 8．句意：如果罐子颈没有那么细的话，猴子本可以把它的手抽出来。 when当……时候；if如果；as因为；though尽管。此处是虚拟条件句，需用if引导。故选B。 9．句意：男孩们仔细听着，眼睛因好奇而睁得大大的。 care照顾，动词；careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词；caring关心他人的，形容词。此处需用副词修饰动词“listened”。故选C。 10．句意：猴子会又拉又拽，但罐子颈太窄，它抓着食物时就不可能逃脱。 after在……之后；while与……同时；before在……之前；when当……时候。此处强调“抓着食物”和“无法逃脱”同时发生，且“抓着食物”是一个持续性的状态，while符合。故选B。 11．句意：男孩们面面相觑，明白了父亲想教导他们的道理。 theirs他们的，名词性物主代词；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；they他们，主格；them他们，宾格。“teach”后接宾语，需用人称代词宾格them。故选D。 12．句意：在生活中，你们应该是明智的。 should应该；can能够；must必须；may可能。父亲建议孩子“应当”学会取舍。故选A。 13．句意：就像那只猴子一样，有时候，放弃一点小东西，才能找到更好的方式去实现梦想。 something某物；anything任何事物；everything一切；nothing没有什么。根据“Just like the monkey, sometimes it’s better to give up…small to find a better way to reach your dreams.”的语境可知，此处指放弃一点小东西，才能找到更好的方式去实现梦想，此句为肯定句，A项符合。故选A。 14．句意：你们总能找到另一套火车玩具，但打架并不能帮你们得到它。 other其他的；the other（两者中的）另一个；another另一个，表示泛指；others其他。此处泛指“另一套”火车玩具，用another。故选C。 15．句意：男孩们点了点头，意识到有时候，放手才是最明智的选择。 wise明智的；wisest最明智的；wiser更明智的；wisely明智地。此处用形容词，修饰名词choice，根据the可知，此处用最高级形式。故选B。 二、语法填空 阅读下面的材料并填空。有的答案要填入适当的内容，有的答案要用括号内单词的正确形式，但每个答案不多于三个单词。 Dear David, I’m glad to hear from you. Thank you for 1 (trust) me and sharing your problem with me. I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your math exam last term 2 you made many careless mistakes. As a result, your parents got very 3 (anger) and scolded (训斥) you. You must have been upset and maybe even felt that they didn’t love you any more. In fact, I had 4 same experience as you when I was in my primary school. I once did very 5 (bad) in my English exam and my parents scolded me, too. They even warned (警告) me that they wouldn’t let me go out to play 6 I could do well in the next exam. At that time, I really didn’t know what to do, so I went to ask my English teacher 7 advice. She asked me to have a talk with my parents and promise that I would work hard and be 8 (care) in the next exam. I did as my English teacher told me. To my surprise, my parents were 9 (understand). Why don’t you try and do as I did? I’m sure your parents will be thankful that you talk with them and the three of you will be happier for it. I hope this advice will help you 10 (solve) your problem as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your good news. Yours, Mike 【答案】 1．trusting 2．because 3．angry 4．the 5．badly 6．unless 7．for 8．careful 9．understanding 10．solve/to solve 【导语】本文是Mike写给David的一封信，他听说David上次数学考试没考好，因为他犯了许多粗心的错误，结果他的父母很生气并责骂了他，他为此感到很难过，于是写信向Mike寻求建议，Mike结合自己的经历给了他一些建议，告诉他与父母交流并承诺下次考试会努力、细心，父母会理解的，Mike希望这些建议能帮助David尽快解决问题。 1．句意：感谢你信任我，并与我分享你的问题。thank you for doing sth.“感谢你做某事”，for是介词，后接动名词作宾语，trust的动名词是trusting。故填trusting。 2．句意：很遗憾听到你上学期数学考试没考好是因为你犯了很多粗心的错误。根据“you didn’t do well in your math exam last term”以及“you made many careless mistakes.”可知，上次数学考试没考好是因为犯了许多粗心的错误，两者是因果关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 3．句意：结果，你的父母非常生气，并且训斥了你。根据“your parents got very … (anger)”可知，句中angry表示“生气的”，形容词作表语，get angry“变得生气”。故填angry。 4．句意：事实上，我在小学时也有过和你一样的经历。根据“I had …  same experience as you”可知，句中same表示“相同的”，常与定冠词the连用。故填the。 5．句意：我曾经在英语考试中考得非常差，我的父母也责骂了我。根据“I once did very … (bad) in my English exam”可知，此处应填bad的副词形式badly“差地”修饰动词短语did，在句中作状语。故填badly。 6．句意：他们甚至警告我，除非我下次考试考好，否则就不让我出去玩。根据“they wouldn’t let me go out to play … I could do well in the next exam.”可知，此处用unless引导条件状语从句，意为“除非，如果不”。故填unless。 7．句意：当时，我真的不知道该怎么办，所以我去请我的英语老师给我一些建议。根据“so I went to ask my English teacher… advice.”可知，固定短语ask sb. for sth.表示“向某人寻求某物”。故填 for。 8．句意：她让我和父母谈谈，并承诺我会努力学习，下次考试会细心。根据“be … (care) in the next exam.”可知，此处应填care的形容词形式careful“细心的”，形容词作表语。故填careful。 9．句意：令我惊讶的是，我的父母很理解。根据“my parents were … (understand).”可知，此处应填understanding“能够理解的”，形容词作表语。故填understanding。 10．句意：我希望这些建议能帮助你尽快解决问题。help sb. (to) do sth. “帮助某人做某事”，固定短语。故填solve/to solve。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $