内容正文:
高中英语必修一
Unit 2知识点
一、核心词汇及词形转换(含拓展用法与例句)
(一)基础词汇及派生
apply(vi.& vt.申请;vt.应用;涂)
[词形变化]application(n.申请;应用);applicant(n.申请人)
[关键用法]apply for(申请),apply...to...(把……应用于……)
[例句]She applied for a teaching position in the school.(她向这所学校申请了教学职位。);We should apply theory to practice.(我们应该把理论应用于实践。)
amaze(vt.使惊奇)
[词形变化]amazing(adj.令人惊奇的,修饰事物);amazed(adj.惊奇的,修饰人);amazement(n.惊奇;惊喜)
[关键用法]be amazed by/at(对……感到惊奇);to one's amazement(令某人惊奇的是)
[例句]The amazing view of the Grand Canyon impressed us deeply.(大峡谷令人惊叹的景色给我们留下了深刻印象。);To my amazement, he solved the problem in five minutes.(令我惊奇的是,他五分钟就解决了这个问题。)
arrange(vt.& vi.安排;筹备)
[词形变化]arrangement(n.安排;筹备)
[关键用法]arrange sth.(安排某事);make arrangements for(为……做安排)
[例句]She arranged a meeting with the client.(她安排了与客户的会面。);The arrangement of the concert took a lot of time.(音乐会的筹备花了很多时间。)
extreme(adj.极其的;极度的)
[词形变化]extremely(adv.极其;非常)
[关键用法]extremely + 形容词/副词,表程度
[例句]The task is extremely difficult for a beginner.(这项任务对初学者来说极其困难。);It's extremely cold in the north of China in winter.(中国北方的冬天非常冷。)
power(n.能力;力量;权力)
[词形变化]powerful(adj.强有力的;有权势的);powerless(adj.无力的;无能的)
[关键用法]powerful + 名词(如powerful influence“强大的影响力”);be powerless to do sth.(无力做某事)
[例句]The president has powerful control over the country's policies.(总统对国家政策有强有力的掌控。);He felt powerless to change the situation.(他感到无力改变局势。)
office(n.办公室)
[词形变化]official(adj.官方的;正式的;n.官员);officer(n.军官)
[关键用法]official language(官方语言);government official(政府官员);military officer(军官)
[例句]English is one of the official languages of Canada.(英语是加拿大的官方语言之一。);The officer ordered his soldiers to stand at attention.(军官命令士兵立正。)
recognise(vt.辨别出;承认;认可,美式拼写:recognize)
[词形变化]recognition(n.承认;认可)
[关键用法]recognise sb./sth.(辨别出某人/某物);recognise...as...(承认……为……)
[例句]I recognised her voice on the phone immediately.(我在电话里立刻听出了她的声音。);His work has received international recognition.(他的作品获得了国际认可。)
accommodate(vt.提供住处)
[词形变化]accommodation(n.住处;膳宿,不可数名词)
[关键用法]book accommodation(预订住处);provide accommodation for(为……提供住处)
[例句]The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests.(这家酒店最多可容纳200名客人。);We need to find accommodation before dark.(我们需要在天黑前找到住处。)
admire(vt.钦佩;赞赏)
[词形变化]admiration(n.崇拜;赞赏);admirable(adj.令人赞赏的)
[关键用法]admire sb.for sth.(因某事钦佩某人);express admiration for(表达对……的赞赏)
[例句]I admire her for her courage and determination.(我钦佩她的勇气和决心。);Her dedication to work is admirable.(她对工作的投入令人赞赏。)
architecture(n.建筑设计;建筑学)
[词形变化]architect(n.建筑设计师)
[关键用法]modern architecture(现代建筑设计);famous architect(著名建筑设计师)
[例句]The architecture of this church is in Gothic style.(这座教堂的建筑设计是哥特式风格。);The architect designed a unique building for the city.(这位建筑设计师为这座城市设计了一座独特的建筑。)
economy(n.经济;节约)
[词形变化]economic(adj.经济(上)的;经济学的)
[关键用法]national economy(国民经济);economic growth(经济增长)
[例句]The country's economy has developed rapidly in recent years.(这个国家的经济近年来发展迅速。);We need to consider the economic effects of this policy.(我们需要考虑这项政策的经济影响。)
narrow(adj.狭窄的;vi.& vt.(使)变窄)
[词形变化]narrowly(adv.狭窄地;勉强地)
[关键用法]a narrow road(狭窄的道路);narrowly escape(勉强逃脱)
[例句]The car passed through a narrow street.(汽车驶过一条狭窄的街道。);He narrowly missed the train.(他差一点没赶上火车。)
flight(n.空中航行;航班;航程)
[词形变化]fly(vt.飞越;空运;vi.飞,过去式:flew,过去分词:flown)
[关键用法]book a flight(预订航班);a long flight(长途飞行)
[例句]Her flight to Paris will take off at 9 a.m.(她飞往巴黎的航班将于上午9点起飞。);Birds fly south in winter.(鸟类在冬天飞往南方。)
apologise(v.道歉)
[词形变化]apology(n.道歉,致歉)
[关键用法]apologise to sb.for sth.(因某事向某人道歉);make an apology to sb.(向某人道歉)
[例句]He apologised to me for being late.(他因为迟到向我道歉。);She made an apology for her rude behavior.(她为自己的粗鲁行为道歉。)
stress(n.重音,重读;压力)
[词形变化]stressful(adj.充满压力的,紧张的);stressed(adj.焦虑不安的,心力交瘁的)
[关键用法]work stress(工作压力);stressful job(充满压力的工作);feel stressed(感到焦虑)
[例句]Too much stress is bad for your health.(过多的压力对你的健康有害。);She feels stressed before important exams.(重要考试前她感到焦虑。)
strength(n.强烈程度;力量)
[词形变化]strengthen(vt.加强,增强,巩固)
[关键用法]physical strength(体力);strengthen ties(加强联系)
[例句]He has great strength to lift heavy things.(他有很大的力气搬重物。);We need to strengthen our cooperation with other companies.(我们需要加强与其他公司的合作。)
judge(v.认为;判断)
[词形变化]judgement(n.判断;意见)
[关键用法]judge sb./sth.(判断某人/某物);in one's judgement(在某人看来)
[例句]Don't judge a person by his appearance.(不要以貌取人。);In my judgement, he is the right person for the job.(在我看来,他是这份工作的合适人选。)
settle(v.和解,结束(争论);定居)
[词形变化]settlement(n.解决;定居点);settler(n.移民;殖民者)
[关键用法]settle a dispute(解决争端);settle down(定居;安定下来);settlement agreement(和解协议)
[例句]The two sides finally settled their differences.(双方最终解决了分歧。);Early settlers came to this area to farm.(早期移民来到这个地区耕种。)
typical(adj.典型的,具有代表性的)
[词形变化]typically(adv.一般,通常)
[关键用法]typical example(典型例子);typically speaking(通常来说)
[例句]This is a typical mistake made by beginners.(这是初学者常犯的典型错误。);He typically gets up at 7 o'clock in the morning.(他通常早上7点起床。)
obvious(adj.显然的,显而易见的)
[词形变化]obviously(adv.明显地,显而易见地)
[关键用法]obvious mistake(明显的错误);obviously true(显然是真的)
[例句]It is obvious that he is lying.(很明显他在撒谎。);Obviously, she doesn't agree with our plan.(显然,她不同意我们的计划。)
entire(adj.全部的,整个的)
[词形变化]entirely(adv.全部,整个)
[关键用法]entire life(一生);entirely different(完全不同)
[例句]She spent her entire life helping the poor.(她一生都在帮助穷人。);Our opinions are entirely different from theirs.(我们的观点与他们的完全不同。)
enormous(adj.巨大的,庞大的)
[词形变化]enormously(adv.非常,极其)
[关键用法]enormous building(巨大的建筑);enormously important(极其重要)
[例句]There is an enormous tree in front of the house.(房子前面有一棵大树。);This decision is enormously important for our company.(这个决定对我们公司极其重要。)
disqualify(v.(因犯规而)取消……的资格)
[词形变化]qualify(v.使合格,使称职,反义词)
[关键用法]disqualify sb.from sth.(取消某人参加某事的资格);qualify for sth.(有资格做某事)
[例句]He was disqualified from the competition for cheating.(他因作弊被取消了比赛资格。);She qualified for the final round of the contest.(她有资格进入比赛的决赛轮。)
(二)其他核心词汇(无派生或特殊用法)
词汇
词性
含义
搭配/例句
rent
vt.租用;出租;vi.租用;租金为;n.租金
租用、出租行为或租金
rent a house(租房子);The rent of this apartment is 3000 yuan a month.(这套公寓的月租是3000元。)
pack
vi.& vt.收拾(行李);vt.包装;n.(商品的)纸包;纸袋;大包
收拾行李、包装或包装物品
pack one's luggage(收拾行李);a pack of cigarettes(一包香烟)
source
n.来源;出处
信息、物资等的来源
source of information(信息来源);source of income(收入来源)
site
n.地点;位置;现场
具体的地点或场所
construction site(建筑工地);historical site(历史遗址)
type
n.类型;种类;vi.& vt.打字
事物类型或打字动作
different types of books(不同类型的书);type a letter(打一封信)
unique
adj.唯一的;独特的;特有的
独一无二的属性
unique culture(独特的文化);This design is unique to our brand.(这个设计是我们品牌独有的。)
path
n.小路;路线;道路
具体的小路或抽象的路线
mountain path(山路);path to success(成功之路)
destination
n.目的地;终点
旅行或行动的终点
tourist destination(旅游目的地);reach the destination(到达目的地)
contact
vt.联络;联系;n.联系;接触
联络行为或联系状态
contact sb.by phone(通过电话联系某人);keep in contact(保持联系)
soldier
n.士兵;军人
军队中的成员
army soldier(陆军士兵);soldier fighting for freedom(为自由而战的士兵)
transport
n.交通运输系统;vt.运输;运送
交通系统或运输动作
public transport(公共交通);transport goods(运输货物)
hike
vi.徒步旅行;vt.去……远足;n.远足;徒步旅行
徒步旅行行为或活动
go hiking(去徒步旅行);a day hike(一日徒步旅行)
credit
n.借款;信用;称赞;学分
金融信用、称赞或学业学分
credit card(信用卡);get credit for one's work(因工作获得称赞);college credits(大学学分)
detail
n.细节;详情;细微之处
具体的细节信息
important details(重要细节);in detail(详细地)
request
n.(正式或礼貌的)要求;请求;vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求;请求
正式的要求或请求行为
make a request(提出请求);request sb.to do sth.(要求某人做某事)
view
n.视野;景色;看法
看到的景色或观点
beautiful view(美丽的景色);in one's view(在某人看来)
sight
n.景象;视野;视力
看到的景象、视野范围或视力
wonderful sights(美妙的景象);in sight(在视野范围内);lose one's sight(失明)
comment
n.议论;评论;vi.& vt.发表意见;评论
对事物的评论或发表评论
make a comment(发表评论);comment on a film(评论一部电影)
二、重点短语(含搭配、例句及辨析)
apply for(申请)
[搭配]apply for + 名词(job, visa, scholarship等)
[例句]She applied for a scholarship to study abroad.(她申请了出国留学的奖学金。)
[提示]区别于apply to(适用于),如This rule applies to all students.(这条规定适用于所有学生。)
take control of(控制;接管)
[搭配]take control of + 名词(company, situation, machine等)
[例句]The new manager took control of the department quickly.(新经理很快接管了这个部门。)
[同义短语]take over(接管),如The company was taken over by a big corporation.(这家公司被一家大集团接管了。)
other than(除……以外)
[搭配]other than + 名词/代词/从句,相当于except
[例句]I have no hobbies other than reading.(除了阅读,我没有其他爱好。);She can't speak any language other than English.(除了英语,她不会说其他语言。)
[提示]不用于肯定句,肯定句中用besides(除……之外还有),如Besides English, she can speak French.(除了英语,她还会说法语。)
make up(构成;形成;编造;弥补)
[构成]make up + 百分比/数量,如Girls make up 60% of the class.(女生占班级人数的60%。)
[编造]make up + 名词(story, excuse等),如He made up an excuse for being late.(他为迟到编造了一个借口。)
[弥补]make up for + 名词(lost time, mistake等),如She tried to make up for her mistake by apologizing.(她试图通过道歉来弥补自己的错误。)
[多含义搭配及例句]
credit card(信用卡)
[搭配]use a credit card(使用信用卡);pay by credit card(用信用卡支付);credit card number(信用卡号)
[例句]He paid for the new phone with a credit card.(他用信用卡支付了新手机的费用。)
check in(在旅馆、机场等)登记)
[搭配]check in at + 地点(hotel, airport等);check in for + 名词(flight, hotel room等)
[例句]We need to check in at the airport two hours before the flight.(我们需要在航班起飞前两小时到机场办理登机手续。);They checked in at the hotel at 5 p.m.(他们下午5点在酒店办理了入住。)
check out(结账离开(旅馆等))
[搭配]check out of + 地点(hotel, apartment等)
[例句]They checked out of the hotel early in the morning.(他们一大早就在酒店办理了退房手续。)
[提示]与check in形成反义短语,check in表“入住/登记”,check out表“退房/离开登记”。
“由……构成”系列短语(be made up of/be comprised of/be composed of/consist of)
be made up of:最常用,可用于人或事物,如The team is made up of five members.(这支队伍由五名成员组成。)
be comprised of:较正式,多用于书面语,如The committee is comprised of experts from different fields.(该委员会由来自不同领域的专家组成。)
be composed of:强调“有组织的构成”,多用于抽象事物或物质,如Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.(水由氢和氧组成。)
consist of:无被动语态,主语为整体,如The book consists of ten chapters.(这本书由十个章节组成。)(不可说The book is consisted of...)
[共性]均表示“由多个部分构成整体”,后接构成整体的部分
[差异及例句]
be packed with(挤满了;塞满了)
[搭配]be packed with + 名词(people, goods, students等)
[例句]The supermarket is packed with customers during the Spring Festival.(春节期间,这家超市挤满了顾客。);The suitcase is packed with clothes.(行李箱里塞满了衣服。)
in the sight of(在……的眼中;在……看来)
[搭配]in the sight of + 名词(sb., the law等)
[例句]In the sight of his parents, he is always a good boy.(在父母眼中,他一直是个好孩子。);Stealing is a crime in the sight of the law.(从法律角度看,偷窃是一种犯罪行为。)
have a good view of(看得清;一览无余)
[搭配]have a good view of + 名词(the city, the stage, the sea等)
[例句]From the top of the mountain, we have a good view of the whole valley.(从山顶上,我们能一览整个山谷的景色。);The seats in the front row have a good view of the stage.(前排座位能清楚看到舞台。)
三、核心句式(含结构解析、用法拓展及例句)
(一)强调句型(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...)
基础结构用于突出句子中的主语、宾语、状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等),基本公式:
肯定句:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分
否定句:It is/was not + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分
一般疑问句:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分?
教材原句It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.(正是由于这个原因西班牙语是秘鲁的一门主要的官方语言。)
[解析]原句核心“Spanish is the main official language of Peru for this reason”,强调原因状语“for this reason”,用“It is + 原因状语 + that”结构,去掉强调框架后句子仍完整。
关键用法
引导词选择:被强调部分是人时,可用“who”或“that”;强调其他成分(物、时间、地点、原因等)时,只能用“that”,不可用“which”“when”“where”。[例句]It was Tom who/that helped me yesterday.(昨天是汤姆帮助了我。)(强调人,who/that均可);It was in 2020 that we met for the first time.(我们第一次见面是在2020年。)(强调时间,用that)
时态匹配:“is/was”需与原句时态一致,原句为现在时(一般现在时、现在完成时等)用“is”,原句为过去时(一般过去时、过去完成时等)用“was”。[例句]It is every day that he practices English.(他每天都练习英语。)(原句一般现在时,用is);It was last week that we visited the museum.(我们是上周参观的博物馆。)(原句一般过去时,用was)
注意事项
不可强调谓语动词:若需强调谓语,需用“do/does/did + 动词原形”,如He did finish the work on time.(他确实按时完成了工作。)
验证方法:去掉“It is/was...that/who...”后,剩余部分需能构成完整句子,否则不是强调句型。如“It is clear that he is right”(去掉后“Clear he is right”不完整,为It作形式主语的主语从句,非强调句型)。
(二)倒装句(表语提前引起的完全倒装)
基础结构当表语(形容词、副词、介词短语等)位于句首,且主语是名词(非代词)时,为强调表语或平衡句子结构,将“表语 + be动词 + 主语”构成完全倒装(谓语动词完全置于主语前)。
教材原句Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building.(特别令人惊叹的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。)
[解析]原句正常语序“The Incas’ dry stone method of building is especially amazing”,表语“Especially amazing”提前,主语“the Incas’ dry stone method of building”为名词短语,故用完全倒装,突出“印加干式石头建造法”的“令人惊叹”属性。
常见类型及例句
形容词作表语提前:Very important is the protection of the environment.(环境保护非常重要。)(表语“Very important”提前,主语“the protection of the environment”为名词)
介词短语作表语提前:On the wall are two beautiful paintings.(墙上挂着两幅漂亮的画。)(表语“On the wall”提前,主语“two beautiful paintings”为名词)
副词作表语提前:Out rushed the children when the bell rang.(铃声一响,孩子们就冲了出去。)(副词“Out”提前,主语“the children”为名词)
注意事项
主语为代词时不倒装:若主语是he, she, it, they等代词,即使表语提前,也保持正常语序,如Here it comes.(它来了。)(主语“it”为代词,不倒装)
主谓一致:倒装句中谓语动词的单复数需与主语保持一致,如In the box is a watch.(盒子里有一块手表。)(主语“a watch”单数,用is);In the box are some books.(盒子里有一些书。)(主语“some books”复数,用are)。
(三)目的状语从句(so that引导)
基础用法“so that”引导目的状语从句,意为“为了,以便”,表示主句动作的目的,从句中常含“can/could, may/might, will/would”等情态动词,强调“为实现某目的而做某事”。
教材原句Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.(印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸,仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合,即可稳固墙体。)
[解析]主句“cut stones to exact sizes”(切割石头到精确尺寸)是为了实现从句“nothing was needed to hold walls together”(无需其他东西固定墙体)的目的,从句用“was needed”表过去的被动状态,隐含“为了达到稳固墙体的目的”。
关键特征
逻辑关系:主句说明“做什么”,从句说明“为什么做(目的)”,从句可位于主句后(常用)或主句前(需用逗号隔开)。[例句]He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.(他努力学习,为了能通过考试。)(从句在主句后);So that we can catch the early bus, we get up at 6 a.m.(为了赶上早班车,我们早上6点起床。)(从句在主句前,用逗号隔开)
情态动词调整:从句情态动词需与主句时态匹配,主句为现在时用“can/may/will”,主句为过去时用“could/might/would”。[例句]She saves money so that she can buy a new car.(她存钱,为了能买一辆新车。)(主句一般现在时,用can);He worked hard so that he could support his family.(他努力工作,为了能养家糊口。)(主句一般过去时,用could)
与结果状语从句的辨析“so that”也可引导结果状语从句(意为“因此,所以”),需通过以下点区分:
类型
含义
从句情态动词
逻辑关系
标点
目的状语从句
为了,以便
常用(can等)
主句为目的服务
无逗号
结果状语从句
因此,所以
不用
主句导致从句结果
常用逗号
例句对比:目的:We walked fast so that we could get there on time.(我们走得快,为了能按时到那里。)(用could,无逗号)结果:We walked fast, so that we got there on time.(我们走得快,所以按时到了那里。)(不用情态动词,有逗号)
(四)现在分词短语作结果状语
基础用法现在分词短语(v.-ing形式)作结果状语,位于句末,与主句用逗号隔开,表“主句动作自然而然、顺理成章的结果”,分词逻辑主语与主句主语一致,且为主动关系。
教材原句Each statue has a different face,leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.(每座雕像都有不同的面孔,这使得研究人员认为每座雕像都是一名真实士兵的复制品。)
[解析]主句“Each statue has a different face”(每座雕像有不同面孔)是原因,“leading researchers to believe...”(使研究人员认为……)是自然而然的结果,“leading”的逻辑主语是主句主语“Each statue”,两者为主动关系(雕像的特征“导致”研究人员的想法)。
关键特征
自然结果:分词短语表示的结果是主句动作的“自然延伸”,非意外结果。[例句]The heavy rain lasted for three days, causing a flood in the area.(大雨下了三天,导致该地区发生洪水。)(洪水是大雨的自然结果)
形式[结构]可在分词前加“thus/therefore”加强结果语气,如He practiced a lot, thus improving his skills quickly.(他大量练习,因此技能提升很快。)
与不定式作结果状语的辨析不定式(to do)作结果状语表“出乎意料的结果”,常与“only”连用,具体区别:
类型
结果性质
逻辑关系
与only连用
例句
现在分词短语
自然结果
主动关系
不连用
The wind blew hard, breaking many windows.(风刮得很大,打碎了很多窗户。)
不定式
意外结果
主动/被动均可
常连用
He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。)
四、语法拓展(基于教材训练题提炼,含时态、被动语态等)
(一)时态应用(现在进行时表将来、一般现在时表将来)
现在进行时表将来
The summer holiday is coming.(暑假就要来了。)(come为位置转移动词,现在进行时表将来)
How long are you staying there?(你打算在那里待多久?)(stay为计划类动词,现在进行时表将来计划)
适用场景:表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”,常用于“位置转移动词”(come, go, leave, arrive, fly, travel等)或“计划类动词”(meet, stay, have等),常搭配“tomorrow, next week, soon”等将来时间状语。
[教材例句]
注意事项:主语通常是人,动作需有“明确计划”,不可用于无计划的自然现象(如不可说“It is raining tomorrow”,需说“It will rain tomorrow”)。
一般现在时表将来
When summer comes, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!(当夏天来临时,他们会邀请学生采摘新鲜蔬菜!)(when引导时间状语从句,用comes表将来,主句用will invite)
If you take this flight, you will arrive in Beijing at 8 p.m.(如果你乘坐这趟航班,你将在晚上8点到达北京。)(if引导条件状语从句,用take表将来,主句用will arrive)
适用场景:用于“时间状语从句”(when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等引导)和“条件状语从句”(if, unless等引导),遵循“主将从现”原则(主句用一般将来时/情态动词/“be going to do”,从句用一般现在时)。
[教材例句]
注意事项:若主从句均为一般现在时,表“客观事实”,非将来,如As soon as the sun rises, the birds sing.(太阳一升起,鸟就唱歌。)(客观事实)。
(二)现在进行时的被动语态
基础结构表“此时此刻正在被进行的动作”,[结构]am/is/are + being + 过去分词(“being”不可省略,表“正在被”)。
教材例句More new technologies are being applied in the field of IT at present.(目前更多的新技术正在信息技术领域得到应用。)
[解析]主语“More new technologies”是“apply”的承受者(技术被应用),“at present”表“当前”,故用现在进行时的被动语态“are being applied”。
句式转换
肯定句:The room is being cleaned by her.(房间正在被她打扫。)
否定句:The room is not being cleaned by her.(房间没有被她打扫。)
一般疑问句:Is the room being cleaned by her?(房间正在被她打扫吗?)
注意事项
不及物动词(如happen, appear, disappear, come等)无被动语态,不可用于此结构,如不可说“An accident is being happened”,需说“An accident is happening”。
“being”不可省略:省略“being”会变成“一般现在时的被动语态”(am/is/are + 过去分词),如“The room is cleaned every day”(房间每天被打扫,表经常性动作,非正在进行)。
(三)词性转换规律(基于教材词性转换题总结)
动词变名词
加“-tion”:apply→application, recognise→recognition, apologise→apology(注意apologise去“e”加“-y”)
加“-ment”:arrange→arrangement, develop→development
加“-ation”:admire→admiration, accommodate→accommodation
形容词变副词
一般加“-ly”:extreme→extremely, obvious→obviously, entire→entirely, typical→typically
以“-y”结尾变“-ily”:easy→easily, happy→happily(教材中无直接体现,但为常见规律,辅助理解)
名词变形容词
加“-ful”:power→powerful, beauty→beautiful
加“-ous”:danger→dangerous, fame→famous(教材中无直接体现,辅助理解)
否定词构成
加“-less”:power→powerless(表“无……的”)
加“dis-”前缀:qualify→disqualify(表“否定动作”)
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