Unit 3 Diverse Cultures知识点（核心词汇+重点短语+核心语法+拓展词汇）清单 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

高中英语必修三 Unit 3知识点 一、核心词汇 （一）基础词汇（含词性、释义及例句） 1.occur vi.发生；出现 指事情自然发生或偶然出现，不用于被动语态。 [例句]It never occurred to me that you would be an athlete.（我从没想过你会成为一名运动员。）；Earthquakes often occur in this region during winter.（这个地区冬季经常发生地震。） 2.downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心 常用来表示地点方向，也可作形容词“市中心的”。 [例句]We usually go downtown to shop on weekends.（我们周末通常去市中心购物。）；The downtown area of this city is full of historical buildings.（这座城市的市中心满是历史建筑。） 3.mission n.传教（区）；重要任务；使命 可指具体任务，也可指抽象的“使命”。 [例句]The doctor’s mission is to save lives.（医生的使命是拯救生命。）；They were sent on a special mission to help the disaster-stricken area.（他们被派去执行一项帮助灾区的特殊任务。） 4.district n.地区；区域 指行政划分的区域或具有特定特征的区域。 [例句]There is a mix of cultures in the Mission District of San Francisco.（旧金山的教会区体现着文化的交融。）；The school is located in the residential district of the city.（这所学校位于城市的住宅区。） 5.afterwards (NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来 表示某个动作或事件之后的时间。 [例句]We had dinner together, and afterwards we went for a walk in the park.（我们一起吃了晚饭，之后去公园散了步。）；She finished her homework first, and afterward she watched a movie.（她先做完了作业，后来看了一场电影。） 6.seek vt.& vi.(sought, sought) 寻找；寻求；争取；（向人）请求 过去式和过去分词均为sought，常见搭配有seek one’s fortune（寻出路、闯世界）、seek help（求助）。 [例句]Many Chinese settled in California during the gold rush period to seek their fortune.（许多中国人在“淘金热”时期定居在加利福尼亚州，寻找成功致富之路。）；When in trouble, you can seek advice from your parents or teachers.（遇到困难时，你可以向父母或老师寻求建议。） 7.journal n.日志；日记；报纸；刊物 可指个人记录日常的日志，也可指正式的刊物。 [例句]She keeps a journal to record her daily life and thoughts.（她写日志记录自己的日常生活和想法。）；This article was published in a famous scientific journal.（这篇文章发表在一本著名的科学刊物上。） 8.claim vt.& n.夺取（生命）；宣称；断言 作动词时可接名词、从句；作名词时表示“声称、主张”。 [例句]The disease claimed thousands of lives last year.（这种疾病去年夺去了数千人的生命。）；He claimed that he had never seen the man before.（他声称自己以前从未见过这个男人。）；There is no evidence to support his claim.（没有证据支持他的主张。） 9.escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱 作动词时可接名词、代词或动名词，作名词时常用搭配有escape from（从……逃脱）。 [例句]The prisoner tried to escape from the prison but failed.（这个囚犯试图从监狱逃跑，但失败了。）；She managed to escape injury in the car accident.（她在车祸中成功避开了受伤。）；His escape from the fire was a miracle.（他从火灾中逃脱是个奇迹。） 10.fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.（可）折小；（可）叠平 常用来描述折叠纸张、衣物等动作。 [例句]She folded the letter carefully and put it into an envelope.（她仔细地把信折好，放进信封里。）；This table can fold up to save space.（这张桌子可以折叠起来节省空间。） 11.super adv.特别；格外 adj.顶好的；超级的 口语中使用较多，作副词时修饰形容词或副词，作形容词时修饰名词。 [例句]The movie we watched last night was super interesting.（我们昨晚看的电影特别有趣。）；He bought a super car as a birthday gift for himself.（他给自己买了一辆超级棒的汽车作为生日礼物。） 12.climate n.气候 指某一地区长期的气候状况，与weather（短期天气）区分。 [例句]The climate is mild all year round in this coastal city, meaning it is always a good time to visit.（这座沿海城市全年气候温和，这意味着任何时候都适宜来游览。）；The change in global climate has affected many ecosystems.（全球气候的变化影响了许多生态系统。） 13.mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 可形容气候、人的性格或症状等。 [例句]She has a mild personality and gets along well with everyone.（她性格温和，和所有人都相处得很好。）；The best time to visit the place is spring when the temperature is at its mildest.（参观这个地方的最佳时间是春天，那时气温最温和。）；He only has a mild cold, so he doesn’t need to stay in bed.（他只是轻微感冒，不需要卧床休息。） 14.material n.材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的 作名词时含义丰富，可指具体的材料或抽象的素材。 [例句]This dress is made of a special material that is easy to wash.（这条裙子是用一种易清洗的特殊布料做的。）；The writer collected a lot of material for his new novel.（这位作家为他的新小说收集了大量素材。）；We should pay more attention to both material needs and spiritual needs.（我们应该同时关注物质需求和精神需求。） 15.clothing n.衣服；服装 集合名词，无复数形式，泛指各类衣物。 [例句]The store in the Chinatown offers a unique range of souvenirs, goods and clothing.（唐人街的商店出售各式各样的特色纪念品、商品和衣服。）；We need to prepare warm clothing for the winter trip.（我们需要为冬季旅行准备暖和的衣服。） （二）派生词汇（含词形变化、释义及例句） 1.diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的 → diversity n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性 [例句]Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity.（贵州是一个颇具多样文化的省份。）；The company has a diverse workforce from different countries.（这家公司拥有来自不同国家的多元化员工队伍。） 2.fortune n.机会；运气 → fortunate adj.幸运的 → fortunately adv.幸运地 → unfortunately adv.不幸地 [例句]Fortunately, he missed the train that had an accident.（幸运的是，他没赶上那趟出事故的火车。）；She is fortunate enough to get a scholarship to study abroad.（她很幸运，获得了出国留学的奖学金。）；Unfortunately, his plan failed due to bad weather.（不幸的是，他的计划因为恶劣天气失败了。） 3.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入（或加入） → admission n.准许进入；承认；入场费 [例句]The admission to the museum is free for children under 12.（12岁以下儿童可免费进入这家博物馆。）；He finally admitted that he had made a mistake.（他最终承认自己犯了一个错误。） 4.definitely adv.肯定；确实 → definite adj.明确的；无疑的 [例句]Starring Anne Hathaway, it is definitely a movie you should not miss!（由安妮·海瑟薇主演，这绝对是一部你不容错过的电影！）；We need a definite answer before making a decision.（我们在做决定前需要一个明确的答案。） 5.historical adj.（有关）历史的 → history n.历史 → historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的 [例句]This historic building has witnessed many important events in history.（这座有历史意义的建筑见证了历史上许多重要事件。）；The students are studying historical records of the ancient civilization.（学生们正在研究这个古老文明的历史记载。） 6.earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 → earning n.收入；收益 [例句]His earnings from part-time jobs help support his family.（他兼职工作的收入帮助养家。）；She earned respect from her colleagues through hard work.（她通过努力工作赢得了同事们的尊重。） 7.immigrant n.（外来）移民；外侨 → immigrate vi.移入；自外国移入 → immigration n.移居入境；移民 [例句]Many immigrants came to this country to seek a better life.（许多移民来到这个国家寻求更好的生活。）；He decided to immigrate to Canada with his family next year.（他决定明年和家人一起移民到加拿大。）；The government has made new policies on immigration.（政府出台了新的移民政策。） 8.select vt.选择；挑选；选拔 → selection n.选择；挑选 → selective adj.选择性的；有选择的 [例句]The selection of candidates will be based on their abilities and experience.（候选人的选拔将基于他们的能力和经验。）；She selected a beautiful dress for the party.（她为派对挑选了一条漂亮的裙子。）；This store has a selective range of high-quality products.（这家商店有精选的高品质产品系列。） 9.minority n.少数民族；少数派；少数人 → minor adj.次要的；较小的 [例句]Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, Yunnan Province is home to many ethnic minority groups.（除了是“花的王国”之外，云南省还是许多少数民族的家园。）；He made a few minor mistakes in his report.（他在报告中犯了一些小错误。） 10.financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的 → finance n.财政，金融 [例句]He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t.（他试图解决他的财务问题，但没能成功。）；She works in the finance department of a big company.（她在一家大公司的财务部工作。） 11.poetry n.诗集；诗歌；诗作 → poet n.诗人 → poem n.诗歌 [例句]Lusheng, an instrument of the Miao people, has a history of over 3000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry.（芦笙，苗族人的一种乐器，有三千多年的历史，甚至最古老的中国诗集也提到了它。）；The poet wrote many famous poems about nature.（这位诗人写了许多关于自然的著名诗歌。） 12.poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 → poison n.毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害 [例句]Some mushrooms in the forest are poisonous, so you can’t eat them.（森林里的一些蘑菇有毒，不能吃。）；The water in this river was poisoned by industrial waste.（这条河里的水被工业废料污染了。） 13.collection n.作品集；收集物；收藏品 → collect vt.搜集；收藏 [例句]She has a large collection of stamps from all over the world.（她有大量来自世界各地的邮票收藏品。）；He likes to collect old coins as a hobby.（他喜欢收集旧硬币作为爱好。） 14.settle vt.& vi.定居；结束（争论）；解决（纠纷） → settlement n.解决；定居 → settler n.殖民者；移居者 [例句]The settlers built houses and started farming in this new land.（殖民者在这片新土地上建房并开始耕种。）；They finally reached a settlement after a long discussion.（经过长时间的讨论，他们最终达成了和解。）；Many people settled in this city during the industrial revolution.（工业革命期间，许多人在这座城市定居。） 15.construction n.建筑；建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构 → construct vt.建设；建造 [例句]The construction of the new bridge will be completed next year.（新桥的建设将于明年完工。）；Workers are constructing a new shopping mall in the city center.（工人们正在市中心建造一座新的购物中心。） 二、重点短语 1.head to （朝……）前进；（向……）去 后接地点名词，可与head for/towards互换。 [例句]A large number of people are heading to Times Square for the countdown to midnight.（大批民众前往时代广场参加午夜倒计时。）；We plan to head to the mountains for a picnic this weekend.（我们计划这周末去山里野餐。） 2.seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 指为了追求成功或财富去远方闯荡。 [例句]Jim looked back on the years in tears when he sought his fortune in the big cities.（吉姆泪流满面地回顾他在大城市寻找财富的那些年。）；Many young people left their hometowns to seek their fortune in big cities.（许多年轻人离开家乡去大城市闯世界。） 3.earn a living 谋生 表示通过工作等方式获取生活所需的收入。 [例句]Many Chinese settled in California during the gold rush period to seek their fortune.To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.（许多中国人在“淘金热”时期定居在加利福尼亚州，寻找成功致富之路。为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店和餐馆。）；He earns a living by painting portraits for others.（他靠为别人画肖像谋生。） 4.series of 一系列或一连串（事件） 后接复数名词，谓语动词可单可复（侧重整体时用单数，侧重个体时用复数）。 [例句]The company has launched a series of new products to meet market demands.（公司推出了一系列新产品以满足市场需求。）；A series of accidents happened on this road last month.（上个月这条路上发生了一连串事故。） 5.apart from (especially NAmE aside from) 除了……外（还）；此外 既可以表示“除……之外还有”，也可以表示“除……之外（不包含）”，相当于besides或except。 [例句]Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, Yunnan Province is home to many ethnic minority groups.（除了是“花的王国”之外，云南省还是许多少数民族的家园。）；Apart from these poems, he has written some short stories.（除了这些诗，他还写了一些短篇小说。）；She has no hobbies apart from reading.（除了阅读，她没有其他爱好。） 6.bring about 导致；引起 后接名词或代词，指造成某种结果或变化。 [例句]She made various efforts to bring about a peaceful solution of the problem.（她为和平解决这个问题作出了种种努力。）；Technological development has brought about great changes in people’s lives.（科技发展给人们的生活带来了巨大变化。） 7.to name but a few 仅举几例 用于列举事物时，说明所举例子只是其中一部分。 [例句]Other famous sites include the Tin How Temple and Bank of Canton, to name but a few.（其他著名的景点包括天浩寺和广州银行，仅举几例。）；There are many beautiful places to visit in Europe, such as Paris, Rome, to name but a few.（欧洲有许多美丽的地方值得游览，比如巴黎、罗马，仅举几例。） 8.(at) first hand 第一手；亲自 表示通过亲身经历或直接接触获得信息。 [例句]Chinatowns allow visitors who have never been to China to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand.（唐人街让未曾踏足中国的游客获得中国传统文化的第一手体验。）；He learned about the local customs at first hand during his trip.（他在旅行中亲身了解了当地的习俗。） 三、核心语法 （一）状语从句的省略 1.规则：当状语从句（when/while/if/though/unless等引导）的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，保留分词（现在分词或过去分词）、形容词等。 2.[例句] Different people, based on their personalities, preferences and personal histories of listening to particular music, will have different experiences when (they are) exposed to a particular piece of music.（基于个性、偏好和听特定音乐的个人经历，不同的人在接触特定音乐片段时，会有不同的体验。）（when引导的时间状语从句省略主语和are，保留过去分词exposed） Though (it is) played on Western instruments, much of the music Butterfly Lovers has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.（虽然《梁祝》的大部分音乐是用西方乐器演奏的，但它源于中国的越剧。）（though引导的让步状语从句省略主语和is，保留过去分词played） When (the task is) completed, the task would be made public.（任务完成后，将向公众公布。）（when引导的时间状语从句省略主语和is，保留过去分词completed） When (people are) facing two paths, people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen.（当面对两条道路时，人们别无选择，只能做出决定，看看会发生什么。）（when引导的时间状语从句省略主语和are，保留现在分词facing） （二）主语从句 1.引导词：常用what, that, whether等引导，what在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，that无实际意义，仅起连接作用，whether表示“是否”。 2.[例句] What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.（原本的中国移民居住地，后来变成了中国文化的中心。）（what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指“……的事物”） What many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.（很多游客和旧金山人最钟爱的唐人街特色是它的美食。）（what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，指“……的东西”） That he won the competition surprised everyone.（他赢得比赛这件事让所有人都很惊讶。）（that引导主语从句，无实际意义，仅起连接作用） （三）非谓语动词作状语/定语 1.现在分词作状语：表示主动或正在进行的动作，可作时间、原因、伴随等状语。 [例句]The city and residents rebuilt Chinatown after the 1906 earthquake, taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture.（市政府和居民在1906年地震后重建了唐人街，并特地融入诸多中国建筑元素。）（taking为现在分词作伴随状语，表示重建唐人街时的伴随动作） 2.过去分词作定语：表示被动或完成的动作，修饰名词时可前置或后置。 [例句]There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean and the Golden Gate Bridge.（这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。）（old buildings中old为形容词作定语，修饰buildings；offering为现在分词作后置定语，修饰many（指代buildings）） （四）被动语态 1.构成：主语+be动词+过去分词（根据时态变化be动词形式）。 2.[例句] For that reason, it was selected by Time magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010.（因此，它在2010年被《时代》杂志选为世界上十大最危险的建筑之一。）（一般过去时的被动语态，was selected表示“被选中”） The result will be announced in November.（结果将于11月公布。）（一般将来时的被动语态，will be announced表示“将被公布”） （五）名词所有格与数词 1.序数词的[用法]表示顺序时用序数词，前面常加the，后接单数名词。 [例句]Spring Festival celebrations, for example, start with a bowl of “eight treasure” congee on the eighth day of the 12th lunar month.（例如，春节庆祝活动从腊月初八的一碗“八宝”粥开始。）（eighth为序数词，“第八”，修饰day） 2.集合名词的[用法]如clothing, furniture等集合名词，无复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 [例句]The clothing in this store is mainly designed for young people.（这家商店的衣服主要是为年轻人设计的。）（clothing为集合名词，作主语时谓语动词用is） 四、话题相关拓展词汇（文化与节日） 1.agricultural adj.农业的 [例句]Mid-Autumn Festival is a typical agricultural harvest and get-together festival.（中秋节是典型的农业丰收与团聚节日。） 2.sacrificial adj.祭祀的 [例句]Every year when Grain in Ear comes, people hold the sacrificial ceremony to pray for good harvests in the fall.（每年芒种到来时，人们会举行祭祀仪式，祈求秋季丰收。） 3.heritage n.遗产（常与cultural/intangible搭配） [例句]China tried to get Chinese food on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage Items in 2011.（2011年，中国曾试图将中餐列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。） 4.celebration n.庆祝活动 [例句]Spring Festival celebrations usually last for more than half a month.（春节庆祝活动通常持续半个多月。） 5.intangible adj.非物质的 [例句]Intangible cultural heritage includes traditional music, dance and crafts.（非物质文化遗产包括传统音乐、舞蹈和手工艺。） 0 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $